373:
22:
283:: It is at Kangra, that the Pahari miniature form reaches its finest and creative best. The Kangra paintings are closer to the soil given their degree of realism; soft, almost musical effect of the colour textures, and interplay of the primary palette. Red, yellow, and blue dominate the Kangra canvas framed inside fine borders, either plain, or richly embellished. Jewellery with fine brushstrokes, neat buildings and arrangement of the background space, contrasting colours differentiating the relieved landscapes carefully painted with intricately delicate trees, leaves, flowers, birds, etc. - reveal the school's artistic splendour and maturity.
392:
352:
247:: Basohli is credited with the initiation of the Pahari school in the mid-17th Century. As the first school of Pahari miniatures, Basohli can be differentiated by its double storey building structures in a square-format background, lotus flowers and use of elaborate shikharas, and other decorative elements. Literary classics like the Rasa-Manjari, Ramayana, themes from the Ragamala, and Gita Govinda were drawn at Basohli that defined the beginnings and the thematic-base of the entire Pahari form of art which next flourished at Guler.
417:
1131:
255:: The Guler paintings are delicate, similar to the Mughal form of miniatures, but different in terms of the feelings and emotions they evoke. Artworks from this school have refined lines and delicate shades of colours. The school is noted for its wondrous portraiture of the feminine world, and space. Landscapes here are presented with marked sensitivity.
218:
The earliest examples discovered of the original Pahari style of paintings are a series of illustrations from 1690, the "Rasamañjarī". Over the following two centuries, this style was perfected in various major and minor centres of Pahari Art. The major centres consist of the Guler, Chamba, Mandi and
226:
The various schools are characterised by diversities of style, theme and content, yet there is a common
Himalayan softness and perspective that weaves them together. The human figures represented are moderately statured. Both male and female figures are exquisitely drawn, and made alluring, as are
125:. A distinct lyricism, spontaneous rhythm, softness, minute intricate details of composition, and intense perception and portrayal of human emotions and physical features distinguish the Pahari miniatures from the other miniature schools like Deccan, Mughal and Rajasthani-Rajput.
219:
Kangra schools, while the minor ones include: Garwhal, Hindur, Jammu, Kullu, Bilaspur, Srinagar, and a few other schools located in the Punjab plains. The
Basohli school is further sub-divided into the Nurpur and Mankot sub-schools, while Kangra school also constitutes the
311:: The human figures strewn across the Jammu School's canvas are tall, slim with marked well-defined physical characteristics. Hills and strained nature depictions, with light colours employed in bright shades, are other stylised features of this school.
372:
261:: The typical female figures in paintings of the Chamba school exude warm, sensual and charming beauty. Noted for its deft handling and mixing of colours, the canvas space of Chamba paintings is dominated by red and blue colours.
305:: This school of Pahari miniatures can be distinguished by their evolved symbolism, narrative details, realist depictions of human figure with sharp features, rich costumes, each figure busy in his/her own lifestyle.
198:, though this was patronized mostly by the Rajput kings who ruled many parts of the region, and gave birth to a new idiom in Indian painting. Some local antecedents have also been suggested, as a vivid
114:
was a famous master of the mid-18th century, followed by his family workshop for another two generations. The central theme of Pahari painting is depiction of eternal love of the
391:
299:: It shares an affinity with the Guler School and its sensitive portrayals of landscape. A Garwhal miniature often has an overcast sky with clouds, foggy landscapes, etc.
275:
or the
Goddess. The ferocious and wrathful forms of the Devi are given a larger-than-life finish, and crude mystified look with deep tones of red, black and blue shades.
327:: The surrounding minor centres where Pahari art developed following the conventions of the major art centres. There exists little difference in between these schools.
801:
321:, this style developed in the Punjab plains and was characterised by Sikh images, and stereotypical costumes, and emphasis on features like beards and moustaches.
554:
643:
604:
451:
by B. N. Goswamy and
Eberhard Fischer Artibus Asiae. Supplementum, Vol. 38, Pahari Masters: Court Painters of Northern India (1992), pp. 3–391.
168:, which became synonymous to the style before other schools of paintings developed, and finally to the poetic and cinematic representations in
235:. The figures have round faces, semicircular foreheads above small, deep set eyes that distinctly define this school of miniature art.
416:
1141:
1107:
833:
1179:
1062:
930:
674:
637:
1174:
1011:
964:
774:
741:
578:
1164:
161:
798:
351:
1117:
1087:
816:
512:
488:
474:
1031:
227:
the representations of deities, which are given an anthropomorphic appeal, particularly visible in the portraits of
1135:
551:
1169:
337:
21:
669:(1. publ ed.). Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study in association with Indus Pub. Co., New Delhi.
180:
202:
tradition of mural paintings flourished between the 9th and 17th centuries, as seen in the murals of
408:
1159:
133:
The Pahari school developed and flourished during the 17th and 19th centuries, stretching from
250:
860:
715:
8:
998:. New York: The Macmillan Company, published in agreement with UNESCO. pp. 151–155.
74:, done mostly in miniature forms, originating from the lower Himalayan hill kingdoms of
498:
223:, and the Nalagarh or Hindur branches, and Mandi branch falls under the Kullu branch.
1113:
1083:
1058:
926:
812:
670:
633:
508:
484:
470:
1008:
507:, by Vishwa Chander Ohri, Joseph Jacobs. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. 1991.
837:
519:
Nainsukh of Guler: A Great Indian
Painter from a Small Hill-state by B.N. Goswamy.
294:
279:
165:
153:
149:
879:
16:
Indian pictorial art form related to the
Himalayan foothills of northwestern India
1015:
805:
627:
598:
582:
558:
203:
195:
169:
138:
107:
71:
37:
947:
1027:
575:
1153:
809:
Arts of India: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Music, Dance and
Handicraft
562:
436:
115:
79:
993:
152:. Each created stark variations within the genre, ranging from bold intense
531:
520:
188:
95:
91:
87:
33:
103:
99:
75:
528:
Nala and
Damayanti: A Great Series of Paintings of an Old Indian Romance
665:
Ohri, Vishwa
Chander; Indian Institute of Advanced Study, eds. (1991).
664:
970:. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. pp. 19–26
207:
172:
142:
780:. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. pp. 7–15
747:. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. pp. 1–3
318:
220:
184:
176:
111:
811:, by Krishna Chaitanya. Published by Abhinav Publications, 1987.
483:, by Chandramani Singh. Published by Abhinav Publications, 1982.
232:
199:
157:
122:
83:
29:
1130:
382:
378:
268:
667:
On the origins of Pahari painting: some notes and a discussion
603:. Vol. 14. Arts of Asia Publications. 1984. p. 57.
357:
228:
145:
134:
118:
63:
25:
362:
272:
267:: Art from this school is noted for its depictions of the
179:. The Kangra style reached its pinnacle with paintings of
1057:(1st ed.). New Delhi: National Publishing House.
82:, during the early 17th to mid 19th century, notably
632:. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. pp. 30–32.
287:
238:
381:bows at the glimpse of Krishna's golden palace in
469:, by R P Srivastava. Abhinav Publications. 1983.
1151:
449:Pahari Masters: Court Painters of Northern India
952:. Bombay: The New Book Company. pp. 26–30.
495:Portfolio - The Bhagavata Paintings from Mankot
463:, by Mukandi Lal. Publications Division. 1982.
213:
945:
457:, by Mira Seth. Publications Division. 1976.
48:
625:
467:Punjab Painting - Study in Art and Culture
1109:Indian court painting, 16th-19th century.
858:
325:Kashmir, Lahore, Mankot and other schools
70:) is an umbrella term used for a form of
58:a painting from the mountainous regions,
1143:Indian Court Painting, 16th-19th Century
962:
772:
739:
271:cult associated with the worship of the
20:
455:Wall Paintings of The Western Himalayas
1152:
1077:
1052:
991:
987:
985:
920:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
874:
872:
865:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 6–7.
710:
708:
706:
1100:
768:
766:
764:
762:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
1146:from the Metropolitan Museum of Art
956:
646:from the original on 12 August 2024
607:from the original on 12 August 2024
13:
1034:from the original on 1 August 2012
982:
897:
869:
442:
331:
128:
14:
1191:
1123:
1082:. Indus Publishing. p. 107.
759:
683:
505:On the origins of Pahari Painting
1129:
1055:Kangra school of pahari painting
415:
390:
371:
350:
288:Other Pahari schools of painting
239:Major Pahari schools of painting
194:Pahari painting grew out of the
1071:
1046:
1020:
1002:
939:
852:
826:
407:, colour on paper, 22 × 33 cm,
338:Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion
1080:Early Wall Painting of Garhwal
792:
733:
658:
619:
591:
569:
545:
164:, to the delicate and lyrical
1:
978:– via Internet Archive.
788:– via Internet Archive.
755:– via Internet Archive.
538:
401:
1180:Culture of Jammu and Kashmir
1112:Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1053:Śarmā, Oṅkāracandra (2018).
862:A History of Indian Painting
716:"National Museum, New Delhi"
7:
1175:Culture of Himachal Pradesh
946:Khandalavala, Karl (1958).
925:. New Delhi: Abhinav Publ.
921:Singh, Chandramani (1982).
859:Chaitanya, Krishna (1976).
430:
10:
1196:
1165:Schools of Indian painting
923:Centres of Pahari painting
720:nationalmuseumindia.gov.in
626:Srivastava, R. P. (1983).
481:Centres of Pahari Painting
425:Punjab Hills, Mandi School
343:
317:: An integral part of the
214:Schools of Pahari painting
992:Singh, Madanjeet (1971).
949:Pahari miniature painting
303:Hindur or Nalagarh School
1106:Kossak, Steven. (1997).
497:, by Karl Khandalavala.
1014:22 October 2007 at the
963:Randhawa, M.S. (2013).
773:Randhawa, M.S. (2013).
740:Randhawa, M.S. (2013).
423:A Lady Gazing at Doves.
409:Cleveland Museum of Art
398:Kali Attacking Nisumbha
1170:Culture of Uttarakhand
1078:Kamboj, B. P. (2003).
62:meaning a mountain in
41:
557:30 March 2010 at the
24:
1138:at Wikimedia Commons
581:23 June 2017 at the
534:. 1st Edition. 2015.
840:on 11 December 2009
804:22 May 2023 at the
552:Hindu Hill Kingdoms
156:, originating from
1028:"Pahari paintings"
965:"Basohli Painting"
880:"Basohli painting"
775:"Basohli Painting"
742:"Basohli Painting"
499:Lalit Kala Akademi
42:
1134:Media related to
1064:978-81-214-0653-6
932:978-0-391-02412-0
676:978-81-85182-53-7
639:978-81-7017-174-4
461:Garhwal Paintings
181:Radha and Krishna
162:Jammu and Kashmir
36:in Pahari style,
1187:
1133:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1009:Pahari Paintings
1006:
1000:
999:
989:
980:
979:
977:
975:
969:
960:
954:
953:
943:
937:
936:
918:
895:
894:
892:
890:
876:
867:
866:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
836:. Archived from
830:
824:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
779:
770:
757:
756:
754:
752:
746:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
712:
681:
680:
662:
656:
655:
653:
651:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
595:
589:
573:
567:
549:
419:
406:
403:
394:
375:
354:
166:Kangra paintings
154:Basohli Painting
150:Himachal Pradesh
69:
66:
56:
53:
50:
32:theme, from the
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1150:
1149:
1136:Pahari painting
1126:
1103:
1101:Further reading
1098:
1097:
1090:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:Wayback Machine
1007:
1003:
990:
983:
973:
971:
967:
961:
957:
944:
940:
933:
919:
898:
888:
886:
878:
877:
870:
857:
853:
843:
841:
832:
831:
827:
806:Wayback Machine
797:
793:
783:
781:
777:
771:
760:
750:
748:
744:
738:
734:
724:
722:
714:
713:
684:
677:
663:
659:
649:
647:
640:
629:Punjab Painting
624:
620:
610:
608:
597:
596:
592:
583:Wayback Machine
574:
570:
559:Wayback Machine
550:
546:
541:
445:
443:Further reading
433:
426:
420:
411:
404:
395:
386:
376:
367:
355:
346:
334:
332:Famous examples
290:
241:
216:
204:Alchi Monastery
196:Mughal painting
131:
129:Origin and area
72:Indian painting
67:
57:
54:
51:
45:Pahari painting
17:
12:
11:
5:
1193:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1125:
1124:External links
1122:
1121:
1120:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1070:
1063:
1045:
1019:
1001:
981:
955:
938:
931:
896:
868:
851:
825:
799:Pahari centres
791:
758:
732:
682:
675:
657:
638:
618:
590:
568:
563:V&A Museum
543:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
525:
516:
502:
492:
478:
464:
458:
452:
444:
441:
440:
439:
432:
429:
428:
427:
421:
414:
412:
396:
389:
387:
385:. ca.1775–1790
377:
370:
368:
356:
349:
345:
342:
341:
340:
333:
330:
329:
328:
322:
315:Patiala School
312:
306:
300:
289:
286:
285:
284:
276:
262:
256:
248:
245:Basohli School
240:
237:
215:
212:
183:, inspired by
130:
127:
78:and plains of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Himalayan art
1158:
1157:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:0-87099-783-1
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1091:
1089:9788173871399
1085:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1005:
997:
996:
995:Himalayan Art
988:
986:
966:
959:
951:
950:
942:
934:
928:
924:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
885:
881:
875:
873:
864:
863:
855:
839:
835:
829:
822:
818:
817:81-7017-209-8
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
795:
776:
769:
767:
765:
763:
743:
736:
721:
717:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
678:
672:
668:
661:
645:
641:
635:
631:
630:
622:
606:
602:
601:
594:
587:
584:
580:
577:
572:
565:
564:
560:
556:
553:
548:
544:
533:
529:
526:
524:
522:
517:
514:
513:81-85182-53-1
510:
506:
503:
500:
496:
493:
490:
489:0-391-02412-4
486:
482:
479:
476:
475:0-391-02560-0
472:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
438:
437:Sikh painting
435:
434:
424:
418:
413:
410:
399:
393:
388:
384:
380:
374:
369:
365:
364:
359:
353:
348:
347:
339:
336:
335:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
296:
292:
291:
282:
281:
280:Kangra School
277:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
259:Chamba School
257:
254:
253:
249:
246:
243:
242:
236:
234:
230:
224:
222:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
141:, in the sub-
140:
136:
126:
124:
120:
117:
116:Hindu deities
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:
61:
46:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1142:
1108:
1079:
1073:
1054:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1022:
1004:
994:
972:. Retrieved
958:
948:
941:
922:
887:. Retrieved
883:
861:
854:
842:. Retrieved
838:the original
828:
820:
808:
794:
782:. Retrieved
749:. Retrieved
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:
666:
660:
648:. Retrieved
628:
621:
609:. Retrieved
600:Arts of Asia
599:
593:
585:
571:
561:
547:
532:Niyogi Books
527:
521:Niyogi Books
518:
504:
494:
480:
466:
460:
454:
448:
422:
397:
361:
360:celebrating
324:
314:
309:Jammu School
308:
302:
293:
278:
264:
258:
252:Guler School
251:
244:
225:
217:
193:
189:Gita Govinda
132:
59:
44:
43:
34:Gita Govinda
18:
405: 1740
319:Sikh School
76:North India
1154:Categories
884:Britannica
539:References
148:, through
86:, Mankot,
40:sub-school
974:12 August
889:12 August
784:12 August
751:12 August
650:12 August
611:12 August
366:, ca.1788
208:Tsaparang
173:Paintings
143:Himalayan
1032:Archived
1012:Archived
834:"Pahari"
802:Archived
644:Archived
605:Archived
579:Archived
555:Archived
431:See also
200:Kashmiri
185:Jayadeva
177:Mola Ram
170:Garhwali
112:Nainsukh
821:Page 62
523:. 2011.
501:. 1981.
344:Gallery
295:Garhwal
233:Krishna
158:Basohli
139:Garhwal
123:Krishna
108:Garhwal
84:Basohli
52:
38:Garhwal
30:Krishna
1116:
1086:
1061:
1038:28 May
929:
844:28 May
815:
725:1 June
673:
636:
576:Pahari
511:
487:
473:
383:Dwarka
379:Sudama
297:School
269:Tantra
96:Kangra
92:Chamba
88:Nurpur
80:Punjab
968:(PDF)
778:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
586:Kamat
358:Radha
265:Mandi
229:Radha
146:India
135:Jammu
119:Radha
104:Mandi
100:Guler
64:Hindi
60:pahar
26:Radha
1114:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1040:2008
976:2024
927:ISBN
891:2024
846:2008
813:ISBN
786:2024
753:2024
727:2023
671:ISBN
652:2024
634:ISBN
613:2024
509:ISBN
485:ISBN
471:ISBN
363:Holi
273:Devi
231:and
221:Sikh
121:and
106:and
49:lit.
206:or
187:'s
175:by
160:in
137:to
1156::
1030:.
984:^
899:^
882:.
871:^
819:.
761:^
718:.
685:^
642:.
530:.
402:c.
400:;
210:.
191:.
110:.
102:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
1092:.
1067:.
1042:.
935:.
893:.
848:.
823:.
729:.
679:.
654:.
615:.
588:.
566:.
515:.
491:.
477:.
68:'
55:'
47:(
28:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
