77:
36:
234:
179:
1137:
explicitly removed by the user—which may not be until a later session. In short: IMAP is designed to permit manipulation of remote mailboxes as if they were local. Depending on the IMAP client implementation and the mail architecture desired by the system manager, the user may save messages directly on the client machine, or save them on the server, or be given the choice of doing either.
725:) maintained on a mail server. The protocol supports list, retrieve and delete operations for messages. POP3 clients connect, retrieve all messages, store them on the client computer, and finally delete them from the server. This design of POP and its procedures was driven by the need of users having only temporary Internet connections, such as
1136:
An IMAP client performs complex queries, asking the server for headers, or the bodies of specified messages, or to search for messages meeting certain criteria. Messages in the mail repository can be marked with various status flags (e.g. "deleted" or "answered") and they stay in the repository until
782:
or, optionally, by a unique identifier assigned to the message by the POP server. This unique identifier is permanent and unique to the maildrop and allows a client to access the same message in different POP sessions. Mail is retrieved and marked for deletion by the message-number. When the client
899:
POP4 exists only as an informal proposal adding basic folder management, multipart message support, as well as message flag management to compete with IMAP; however, its development has not progressed since 2003.There are now two known POP4 server implementations. As of
October 2013, the POP4.org
911:
An extension mechanism was proposed in RFC 2449 to accommodate general extensions as well as announce in an organized manner support for optional commands, such as TOP and UIDL. The RFC did not intend to encourage extensions, and reaffirmed that the role of POP3 is to provide simple support for
915:
The extensions are termed capabilities and are listed by the CAPA command. With the exception of APOP, the optional commands were included in the initial set of capabilities. Following the lead of ESMTP (RFC 5321), capabilities beginning with an X signify local capabilities.
798:
POP3 is the version in most common use. It originated with RFC 1081 (1988) but the most recent specification is RFC 1939, updated with an extension mechanism (RFC 2449) and an authentication mechanism in RFC 1734. This led to a number of POP implementations such as Pine,
1129:
POP moves the message from the email server to the local computer, although there is usually an option in email clients to leave the messages on the email server as well. IMAP defaults to leaving the message on the email server, simply downloading a local
1174:
The above two message identification methods (POP UIDL and IMAP UID) are not at all related unless a server implementation which supports both protocols purposely builds the POP3 UIDL string by combining the IMAP UID and UIDVALIDITY
732:
POP3 clients also have an option to leave mail on the server after retrieval, and in this mode of operation, clients will only download new messages which are identified by using the UIDL command (unique-id list). By contrast, the
1167:
POP provides the ability to associate unique identifiers with each message for servers which support the UIDL command. This can be any string of standard visible (non-whitespace) 7-bit ASCII characters up to 70
1154:
POP can either retrieve an entire message with the RETR command, and for servers that support it, the headers, as well as a specified number of body lines can be accessed with the TOP command.
256:
1151:
view, and sends responses for external changes in state, including newly arrived messages, as well as changes made to the mailbox by other concurrently connected clients.
821:
methods to provide varying levels of protection against illegitimate access to a user's e-mail. Most are provided by the POP3 extension mechanisms. POP3 clients support
936:
command, on the standard POP3 port, rather than an alternate. Some clients and servers instead use the alternate-port method, which uses TCP port 995 (POP3S).
1164:
IMAP supports flags on the server to keep track of message state: for example, whether or not the message has been read, replied to, forwarded, or deleted.
737:(IMAP) was designed to normally leave all messages on the server to permit management with multiple client applications, and to support both connected (
662:
1171:
IMAP instead provides unique numerical identifiers for each message, local to each folder, in conjunction with a folder specific UIDVALIDITY number.
1037:
197:
1161:
parts separately – for example, retrieving the plain text without retrieving attached files, or retrieving only one of many attached files.
778:
Messages available to the client are determined when a POP3 session opens the maildrop, and are identified by message-number local to that
422:
1601:
1376:
1437:
729:, allowing these users to retrieve e-mail when connected, and subsequently to view and manipulate the retrieved messages when offline.
1420:
1144:
view of the current state of the mailbox, and does not provide a mechanism to show any external changes in state during the session.
749:
822:
141:
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113:
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94:
49:
120:
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127:
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63:
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109:
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1354:
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98:
2235:
2155:
1013:
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447:
1100:
POP3 servers without the optional APOP command expect the client to log in with the USER and PASS commands:
2250:
1884:
1869:
1276:
437:
432:
427:
1259:– The Post Office Protocol (POP3) Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Authentication Mechanism
2309:
2265:
1626:
1281:
844:
614:
574:
442:
1783:
1728:
1286:
779:
1266:– Cleartext Considered Obsolete: Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) for Email Submission and Access
1122:(IMAP) is an alternative and more recent mailbox access protocol. The highlights of differences are:
55:
1818:
925:
761:
467:
407:
264:
260:
244:
134:
1773:
1743:
1005:
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417:
332:
316:
87:
2304:
2195:
2105:
2027:
2022:
1619:
1598:
1417:
947:
introduced extensions to POP3 that allow multiple accounts per domain, and has become known as
837:
502:
352:
1373:
252:
193:
2130:
2125:
1956:
1839:
1763:
1703:
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1445:
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629:
402:
2160:
1668:
993:
929:
888:
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17:
8:
2200:
2180:
2135:
2012:
1972:
1946:
1941:
1844:
1778:
1768:
1016:
port number 1109 instead of 110. One mail server software implementation is found in the
1009:
856:
1008:
connection. The KPOP protocol is based on the POP3 protocol – differing in that it adds
791:
The first version of the Post Office
Protocol, POP1, was specified in RFC 918 (1984) by
1864:
619:
347:
2291:
2215:
2210:
2007:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1520:
1501:
1482:
1350:
1323:
1017:
990:
987:
880:
792:
718:
687:
684:
547:
323:
1394:"POP4 specification although pop is used to receive mail after system is not online"
1758:
1291:
872:
2175:
1874:
1688:
1683:
1605:
1380:
488:
1593:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
900:
domain and website are now hosted by simbey.com, which also runs the other POP4
2145:
2100:
2002:
1698:
1193:
1186:
944:
891:. RFC 1460 was obsoleted by RFC 1725, which was in turn obsoleted by RFC 1939.
829:
818:
538:
2048:
2324:
2063:
1424:
975:
852:
848:
694:
1459:
2079:
1982:
1803:
1642:
457:
1576:
783:
exits the session, mail marked for deletion is removed from the maildrop.
1992:
1931:
1859:
1788:
1397:
1217:– Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office Protocol (POP3)
1001:
806:
While the original POP3 specification supported only an unencrypted USER/
2170:
1997:
1987:
1678:
1673:
1133:
POP treats the mailbox as a single store, and has no concept of folders
951:(SDPS). To access each account, the username includes the hostname, as
884:
860:
833:
760:
command, if supported, or by POP3S, which connects to the server using
605:
1813:
2260:
2205:
2120:
2115:
2017:
1951:
1921:
1916:
1854:
1849:
1798:
1793:
1693:
971:
836:
version. RFC 1460 introduced APOP into the core protocol. APOP is a
76:
2185:
2165:
2110:
2058:
2053:
1936:
1889:
1808:
1748:
1733:
1723:
807:
772:
757:
263:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
188:
provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
756:
for POP3 is either requested after protocol initiation, using the
2190:
2095:
1977:
1926:
1879:
1738:
1713:
1708:
800:
1611:
2043:
1823:
997:
876:
814:
698:
568:
462:
361:
341:
1536:
Programmer's Guide to
Internet Mail: SMTP, POP, IMAP, and LDAP
709:, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.
2286:
1753:
1028:
The following POP3 session dialog is an example in RFC 1939:
912:
mainly download-and-delete requirements of mailbox handling.
868:
810:
589:
367:
1517:
Essential Email
Standards: RFCs and Protocols Made Practical
1224:– IMAP/POP AUTHorize Extension for Simple Challenge/Response
2270:
1718:
1158:
706:
557:
552:
522:
472:
392:
357:
1309:
841:
721:(IP) network for a user client application to a mailbox (
377:
1126:
POP is a simpler protocol, making implementation easier.
1092:
S: +OK dewey POP3 server signing off (maildrop empty)
1479:
Internet e-mail
Protocols, Standards and Implementation
1179:
901:
1157:
IMAP allows clients to retrieve any of the individual
1043:
S: +OK mrose's maildrop has 2 messages (320 octets)
1427:. E.demon.net (2013-01-23). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
705:) is the most commonly used version. Together with
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1554:
1041:C: APOP mrose c4c9334bac560ecc979e58001b3e22fb
965:
247:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2322:
906:
717:The Post Office Protocol provides access via an
1336:
825:authentication methods via the AUTH extension.
1032:S: <wait for connection on TCP port 110>
1627:
1498:Internet Email Protocols: A Developer's Guide
1081:S: <the POP3 server sends message 2>
1067:S: <the POP3 server sends message 1>
656:
817:access control, today POP3 supports several
1210:– Post Office Protocol – Version 3 (STD 53)
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1634:
1620:
1012:security and that it runs by default over
701:from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (
663:
649:
1460:https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc1939/
924:The STARTTLS extension allows the use of
301:Learn how and when to remove this message
283:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
795:. POP2 was specified in RFC 937 (1985).
1495:
1113:
14:
2323:
1533:
1514:
1476:
1615:
1342:
1252:– The SYS and AUTH POP Response Codes
198:providing more context for the reader
1552:
1315:
1245:– Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP
1180:Related requests for comments (RFCs)
855:. Clients implementing APOP include
227:
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
1438:"Google Apps and Gmail differences"
1096:S: <wait for next connection>
24:
1469:
1203:– Post Office Protocol – Version 3
1196:– POST OFFICE PROTOCOL – VERSION 2
1023:
962:Google Apps uses the same method.
25:
2342:
1641:
1587:
1051:S: +OK 2 messages (320 octets)
932:(SSL) to be negotiated using the
803:, and other early mail clients.
45:This article has multiple issues.
27:Family of Internet mail protocols
2141:Microsoft Internet Mail and News
1578:Post Office Protocol – Version 3
1297:Internet Message Access Protocol
1120:Internet Message Access Protocol
1036:S: +OK POP3 server ready <
735:Internet Message Access Protocol
232:
177:
75:
34:
1500:. Addison-Wesley Professional.
980:Kerberized Post Office Protocol
966:Kerberized Post Office Protocol
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1452:
1430:
1411:
1386:
1363:
1349:. Prentice Hall. p. 192.
13:
1:
1885:Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups
1302:
949:Standard Dial-up POP3 Service
907:Extensions and specifications
1594:IANA port number assignments
1277:List of mail server software
1094:C: <close connection>
7:
1481:. Artech House Publishers.
1282:Comparison of email clients
1270:
1088:S: +OK message 2 deleted
1074:S: +OK message 1 deleted
1034:C: <open connection>
919:
10:
2347:
1319:Network+ Guide to Networks
1287:Comparison of mail servers
1238:– POP3 Extension Mechanism
1140:POP provides a completely
786:
752:110 for service requests.
712:
2300:
2279:
2228:
2088:
2072:
2036:
1965:
1909:
1902:
1832:
1656:
1649:
1557:Programming Internet Mail
1519:. John Wiley & Sons.
748:A POP3 server listens on
1978:Bloomba/WordPerfect Mail
1759:Mailx (Heirloom Project)
1418:Demon Online Help Centre
926:Transport Layer Security
840:protocol which uses the
762:Transport Layer Security
2331:Internet mail protocols
1322:. Delmar. p. 519.
1109:S: +OK Pass accepted
1105:S: +OK User accepted
939:
894:
847:in an attempt to avoid
754:Encrypted communication
317:Internet protocol suite
1448:on September 13, 2008.
1396:. 2003. Archived from
1189:– POST OFFICE PROTOCOL
902:server implementation.
851:and disclosure of the
813:mechanism or Berkeley
750:well-known port number
745:) modes of operation.
110:"Post Office Protocol"
1599:POP3 Sequence Diagram
1343:Allen, David (2004).
1316:Dean, Tamara (2010).
2229:Related technologies
2161:Netscape Messenger 9
1114:Comparison with IMAP
1107:C: PASS tanstaaf
1078:S: +OK 200 octets
1064:S: +OK 120 octets
930:Secure Sockets Layer
768:(SSL) on well-known
766:Secure Sockets Layer
741:) and disconnected (
677:Post Office Protocol
253:improve this article
95:improve this article
2136:Microsoft Entourage
2013:Outlook for Windows
1845:Beonex Communicator
1769:Mozilla Thunderbird
1496:Johnson, K (2000).
1458:RFC 1939, page 19 (
857:Mozilla Thunderbird
265:footnote references
194:improve the article
1604:2015-05-03 at the
1534:Rhoton, J (1999).
1515:Loshin, P (1999).
1477:Hughes, L (1998).
1379:2010-01-31 at the
838:challenge–response
675:In computing, the
2318:
2317:
2292:Unicode and email
2224:
2223:
2216:Windows Messaging
2211:Windows Live Mail
2008:Microsoft Outlook
1910:Freeware/Freemium
1898:
1897:
1581:. IETF. May 1996.
1442:Gmail Help Center
1374:(Becky! tutorial)
1103:C: USER mrose
1018:Cyrus IMAP server
991:Internet standard
988:application-layer
881:Windows Live Mail
793:Joyce K. Reynolds
719:Internet Protocol
688:Internet standard
685:application-layer
673:
672:
324:Application layer
311:
310:
303:
293:
292:
285:
226:
225:
218:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
2338:
2018:Novell GroupWise
1907:
1906:
1654:
1653:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1582:
1572:
1560:
1553:Wood, D (1999).
1549:
1530:
1511:
1492:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1444:. Archived from
1434:
1428:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1346:Windows to Linux
1340:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1292:Email encryption
1231:– POP URL Scheme
1147:IMAP provides a
1110:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
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1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
873:Novell Evolution
832:also produced a
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21:
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2337:
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2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2296:
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2220:
2176:Outlook Express
2084:
2068:
2032:
1961:
1894:
1828:
1684:Cleancode eMail
1645:
1640:
1606:Wayback Machine
1590:
1585:
1575:
1569:
1546:
1527:
1508:
1489:
1472:
1470:Further reading
1467:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1381:Wayback Machine
1369:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1314:
1310:
1305:
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1182:
1116:
1111:
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1083:
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1077:
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1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:S: +OK 2 320
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:Session example
968:
942:
922:
909:
897:
789:
715:
669:
489:Transport layer
307:
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295:
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289:
278:
272:
269:
250:
241:This article's
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2281:
2280:Related topics
2277:
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2148:
2146:Microsoft Mail
2143:
2138:
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2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Claris Emailer
2098:
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2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Mail (Windows)
2000:
1995:
1990:
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1610:
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1596:
1589:
1588:External links
1586:
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1531:
1525:
1512:
1506:
1493:
1487:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1451:
1429:
1423:2011-07-23 at
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1355:
1335:
1329:978-1423902454
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1134:
1131:
1127:
1115:
1112:
1102:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1000:from a remote
996:, to retrieve
976:e-mail clients
967:
964:
945:Demon Internet
941:
938:
921:
918:
908:
905:
896:
893:
849:replay attacks
830:Project Athena
819:authentication
788:
785:
727:dial-up access
714:
711:
695:e-mail clients
671:
670:
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539:Internet layer
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1425:archive.today
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1400:on 2017-10-21
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1086:C: DELE 2
1076:C: RETR 2
1072:C: DELE 1
1062:C: RETR 1
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883:, PowerMail,
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853:shared secret
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151:November 2007
143:
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112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2255:
2089:Discontinued
2080:Pegasus Mail
2073:Donationware
1957:Vivaldi Mail
1833:Discontinued
1804:SquirrelMail
1577:
1561:. O'Reilly.
1556:
1538:. Elsevier.
1535:
1516:
1497:
1478:
1454:
1446:the original
1441:
1432:
1413:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
1388:
1365:
1345:
1338:
1318:
1311:
1148:
1141:
1117:
1099:
1027:
983:
979:
978:can use the
969:
961:
956:
952:
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933:
923:
914:
910:
898:
805:
797:
790:
777:
775:number 995.
747:
742:
738:
731:
722:
716:
702:
697:to retrieve
680:
676:
674:
635:
595:
528:
478:
412:
297:
279:
270:
255:by removing
242:
212:
203:
192:Please help
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2049:Forté Agent
1903:Proprietary
1860:Columbia MM
1789:OfflineIMAP
1168:characters.
1090:C: QUIT
1057:S: 2 200
1054:S: 1 120
1049:C: LIST
1045:C: STAT
875:, RimArts'
2310:Comparison
2171:Opera Mail
1998:Apple Mail
1988:HCL Domino
1679:Claws Mail
1674:Citadel/UX
1404:2011-10-17
1356:1423902459
1303:References
885:Apple Mail
861:Opera Mail
834:Kerberized
606:Link layer
273:March 2024
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2261:Push-IMAP
2206:WebSpyder
2121:Embrowser
2116:Cyberjack
2037:Shareware
1952:TouchMail
1922:EmailTray
1917:eM Client
1870:FossaMail
1855:Classilla
1850:BlitzMail
1799:SeaMonkey
1794:Roundcube
1694:fetchmail
1689:Evolution
1262:RFC
1255:RFC
1248:RFC
1241:RFC
1234:RFC
1227:RFC
1220:RFC
1213:RFC
1206:RFC
1199:RFC
1192:RFC
1185:RFC
972:computing
928:(TLS) or
764:(TLS) or
257:excessive
206:July 2020
56:talk page
2325:Category
2305:Category
2201:Turnpike
2186:Pocomail
2166:NeXTMail
2111:Cyberdog
2059:The Bat!
2054:GyazMail
1993:InScribe
1937:Mailbird
1932:i.Scribe
1890:Nylas N1
1809:Sylpheed
1784:nmh / MH
1774:Mulberry
1749:Mailpile
1744:Mahogany
1734:K-9 Mail
1724:Gnuzilla
1602:Archived
1421:Archived
1377:Archived
1271:See also
1010:Kerberos
994:protocol
974:, local
920:STARTTLS
723:maildrop
693:used by
691:protocol
683:) is an
2196:Sparrow
2191:POPmail
2131:Mailbox
2106:Courier
2096:cc:Mail
2028:Postbox
2023:Airmail
1927:Foxmail
1880:Mailody
1840:Arachne
1814:Trojitá
1714:GNUMail
1709:getmail
1657:Current
1175:values.
1149:dynamic
1084:S: .
1070:S: .
1060:S: .
1004:over a
815:.rhosts
801:POPmail
787:History
780:session
743:offline
713:Purpose
636:more...
620:Tunnels
596:more...
529:more...
479:more...
468:TLS/SSL
423:ONC/RPC
360: (
251:Please
243:use of
135:scholar
2151:MINUET
2126:Eudora
2044:Becky!
1983:Newton
1966:Retail
1824:Zimbra
1764:Modest
1664:Alpine
1565:
1542:
1523:
1504:
1485:
1353:
1326:
1142:static
1006:TCP/IP
1002:server
998:e-mail
986:), an
887:, and
877:Becky!
865:Eudora
739:online
699:e-mail
463:Telnet
362:HTTP/3
186:This
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
2287:Email
1947:Spike
1942:Spark
1754:Mailx
1739:KMail
1704:Geary
1669:Balsa
1608:(PDF)
1130:copy.
869:KMail
811:login
590:IPsec
368:HTTPS
142:JSTOR
128:books
2271:UUCP
2266:SMAP
2251:LMTP
2246:JMAP
2241:IMAP
2236:SMTP
2181:Pine
1973:Hiri
1875:Hula
1779:Mutt
1719:Gnus
1563:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1264:8314
1257:5034
1250:3206
1243:2595
1236:2449
1229:2384
1222:2195
1215:1957
1208:1939
1201:1081
1159:MIME
1118:The
1039:>
984:KPOP
940:SDPS
934:STLS
895:POP4
889:Mutt
823:SASL
808:PASS
773:port
758:STLS
707:IMAP
703:POP3
585:IGMP
565:ICMP
523:QUIC
518:RSVP
513:SCTP
508:DCCP
473:XMPP
453:SNMP
448:SMTP
433:RTSP
408:OSPF
398:NNTP
393:MQTT
388:MGCP
383:LDAP
373:IMAP
358:HTTP
338:DHCP
114:news
18:POP3
2256:POP
1865:Elm
1819:YAM
1729:IMP
1699:fdm
1194:937
1187:918
1014:TCP
970:In
955:or
842:MD5
827:MIT
770:TCP
681:POP
630:MAC
625:PPP
615:ARP
580:ECN
575:NDP
503:UDP
498:TCP
458:SSH
443:SIP
438:RIP
428:RTP
418:PTP
413:POP
403:NTP
378:IRC
353:FTP
348:DNS
333:BGP
259:or
196:by
97:by
2327::
1440:.
1372:,
1020:.
959:.
879:,
871:,
867:,
863:,
859:,
569:v6
558:v6
553:v4
548:IP
342:v6
59:.
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1621:v
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1548:.
1529:.
1510:.
1491:.
1462:)
1407:.
1359:.
1332:.
982:(
679:(
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567:(
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340:(
304:)
298:(
286:)
280:(
275:)
271:(
267:.
249:.
219:)
213:(
208:)
204:(
200:.
190:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
