Solar System - Knowledge

3503: 1726: 2005: 2910: 1186: 3117: 23065: 20038: 21065: 2610: 2416: 1442: 10096: 2668: 969: 957: 3370: 1060: 3083: 2988: 2622:. Most scattered disc objects have perihelia within the Kuiper belt but aphelia far beyond it (some more than 150 AU from the Sun). SDOs' orbits can be inclined up to 46.8° from the ecliptic plane. Some astronomers consider the scattered disc to be merely another region of the Kuiper belt and describe scattered-disc objects as "scattered Kuiper belt objects". Some astronomers classify centaurs as inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects along with the outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc. 1235: 1821: 2428: 6161: 18381: 47: 2844: 10093: 22805: 20905: 2763: 3266: 6107: 2451:. The latter have orbits whose periods are in a simple ratio to that of Neptune: for example, going around the Sun twice for every three times that Neptune does, or once for every two. The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 to 47.7 AU. Members of the classical Kuiper belt are sometimes called "cubewanos", after the first of their kind to be discovered, originally designated 18279: 18347: 18364: 18330: 18159: 18398: 23089: 18313: 845: 3043:. Their closest approaches to the Sun are mostly clustered around one sector and their orbits are similarly tilted, suggesting that a large planet might be influencing their orbit over millions of years. However, some astronomers said that this observation might be credited to observational biases or just sheer coincidence. An alternative hypothesis has a close flyby of another star disrupting the outer Solar System. 23041: 20014: 3629: 22919: 20917: 18296: 23053: 20026: 3657: 3643: 700: 9815: 9731: 1035:. With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. Kepler's laws only account for the influence of the Sun's gravity upon an orbiting body, not the gravitational pulls of different bodies upon each other. On a human time scale, these perturbations can be accounted for using 23077: 22816: 3024:) from the Sun and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (~1.8 ly). The Oort cloud is thought to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the 2440:

planets. There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km (30 mi), but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth. Many Kuiper belt objects have satellites, and most have orbits that are substantially inclined (~10°) to the plane of the ecliptic.

841:. There is a small chance that another star will pass through the Solar System in the next few billion years. Although this could destabilize the system and eventually lead millions of years later to expulsion of planets, collisions of planets, or planets hitting the Sun, it would most likely leave the Solar System much as it is today. 2401:. It appears to consist overwhelmingly of many thousands of small worlds—the largest having a diameter only a fifth that of Earth and a mass far smaller than that of the Moon—composed mainly of rock and ice. This region is sometimes described as the "third zone of the Solar System", enclosing the inner and the outer Solar System. 4373: 4184:

and the asteroid belt (estimated to be 0.0005 Earth mass) for a total, rounded upwards, of ~37 Earth masses, or 8.1% of the mass in orbit around the Sun. With the combined masses of Uranus and Neptune (~31 Earth masses) subtracted, the remaining ~6 Earth masses of material comprise 1.3% of the total orbiting mass.

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stars than Mercury is to the Sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in planets, and that typically a sequence of their collisions causes consolidation of mass into few larger planets, but in case of the Solar System the collisions caused their destruction and ejection.

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K. E.; Magnes, W.; McNutt, R. L.; Miller, J.; Moebius, E.; Mostafavi, P.; Opher, M.; Paxton, L.; Plaschke, F.; Poppe, A. R.; Roelof, E. C.; Runyon, K.; Redfield, S.; Schwadron, N.; Sterken, V.; Swaczyna, P.; Szalay, J.; Turner, D.; Vannier, H.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.; Wurz, P.; Zirnstein, E. J. (2023).

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possessed by all its moving components. Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, dominated by Jupiter, account for most of the rest of the angular momentum due to the combination of their mass, orbit, and distance from the Sun,

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Brandt, P. C.; Provornikova, E.; Bale, S. D.; Cocoros, A.; DeMajistre, R.; Dialynas, K.; Elliott, H. A.; Eriksson, S.; Fields, B.; Galli, A.; Hill, M. E.; Horanyi, M.; Horbury, T.; Hunziker, S.; Kollmann, P.; Kinnison, J.; Fountain, G.; Krimigis, S. M.; Kurth, W. S.; Linsky, J.; Lisse, C. M.; Mandt,

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The mass of the Solar System excluding the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be determined by adding together all the calculated masses for its largest objects and using rough calculations for the masses of the Oort cloud (estimated at roughly 3 Earth masses), the Kuiper belt (estimated at 0.1 Earth mass)

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The four outer planets, called giant planets or Jovian planets, collectively make up 99% of the mass known to orbit the Sun. All four giant planets have multiple moons and a ring system, although only Saturn's rings are easily observed from Earth. Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of gases with

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from the Sun, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter. The asteroid belt contains tens of thousands, possibly millions, of objects over one kilometer

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Uncommonly, it has only small terrestrial and large gas giants; elsewhere planets of intermediate size are typical—both rocky and gas—so there is no "gap" as seen between the size of Earth and of Neptune (with a radius 3.8 times as large). As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective

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that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four

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The composition of Mercury's exosphere, with its abundant H and He, clearly indicates a strong solar wind source. Once solar wind plasma and particles gain access to the magnetosphere, they predominantly precipitate to the surface, where solar wind species are neutralized, thermalized, and released

2790:, this boundary is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind. Here the solar wind collides with the interstellar medium and dramatically slows, condenses and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the 1079:

With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter,

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life combined. The Solar System will remain roughly as it is known today until the hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been entirely converted to helium, which will occur roughly 5 billion years from now. This will mark the end of the Sun's main-sequence life. At that time, the core of the Sun

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The expanding Sun is expected to vaporize Mercury as well as Venus, and render Earth and Mars uninhabitable (possibly destroying Earth as well). Eventually, the core will be hot enough for helium fusion; the Sun will burn helium for a fraction of the time it burned hydrogen in the core. The Sun is

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icy compounds to remain solid. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium, the lightest and most abundant elements. Leftover

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Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar

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Much of the Solar System is still unknown. Areas beyond thousands of AU away are still virtually unmapped and learning about this region of space is difficult. Study in this region depends upon inferences from those few objects whose orbits happen to be perturbed such that they fall closer to the

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The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice. It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. It is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies, although the largest few are probably large enough to be dwarf

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from the early Sun; those objects closer to the Sun, which are more affected by heat and light pressure, are composed of elements with high melting points. Objects farther from the Sun are composed largely of materials with lower melting points. The boundary in the Solar System beyond which those

2933:. When passing through the Solar System, comets produce a trail of meteoroids; it is hypothesized that this is caused either by vaporization of the comet's material or by simple breakup of dormant comets. When crossing an atmosphere, these meteoroids will produce bright streaks in the sky due to 11862: 9540:

Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P.

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One of the most striking features of Phobos, aside from its irregular shape, is its giant crater Stickney. Because Phobos is only 28 by 20 kilometers (17 by 12 mi), it must have been nearly shattered from the force of the impact that caused the giant crater. Grooves that extend across the

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orbit in this region. Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane than those of the inner Solar System because the lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid,

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The radius of the Sun is 0.0047 AU (700,000 km; 400,000 mi). Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is

1386:. Coronal mass ejections and similar events blow a magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun. The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into Earth's upper atmosphere, where its interactions create 3347:, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, but since Earth stays in the Local Spur and therefore does not pass frequently through spiral arms, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve. However, according to the controversial 1153:

Besides solar energy, the primary characteristic of the Solar System enabling the presence of life is the heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them). These magnetic fields partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called

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from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitationally attracted each other, coalescing to form ever larger bodies. Hundreds of protoplanets may have existed in the early Solar System, but they either merged or were destroyed or ejected, leaving the planets, dwarf planets, and leftover

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again into the exosphere. Moreover, bombardment of the surface by solar wind particles, especially energetic ions, contributes to ejection of neutral species from the surface into the exosphere (via "sputtering") as well as other chemical and physical surface modification processes.

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Kuiper belt (that is, a Kuiper belt object not in a confirmed resonance with Neptune). Makemake is the brightest object in the Kuiper belt after Pluto. Discovered in 2005, it was officially named in 2009. Its orbit is far more inclined than Pluto's, at 29°. It has one known moon,

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is a theorized spherical shell of up to a trillion icy objects that is thought to be the source for all long-period comets. No direct observation of the Oort cloud is possible with present imaging technology. It is theorized to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU

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in dark, unpolluted skies. It may be generated by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is materials from planet Mars. The outer Solar System hosts a cosmic dust cloud. It extends from about

4361: 2321:(29.9–30.5 AU) is the furthest planet known in the Solar System. Its outer atmosphere has a slightly muted cyan color, with occasional storms on the surface that look like dark spots. Like Uranus, many atmospheric phenomena of Neptune are still unexplained, such as the 984:. Smaller icy objects such as comets frequently orbit at significantly greater angles to this plane. Most of the planets in the Solar System have secondary systems of their own, being orbited by natural satellites called moons. All of the largest natural satellites are in 2638:(38.3–97.5 AU) is the largest known scattered disc object and the most massive known dwarf planet. Eris's discovery contributed to a debate about the definition of a planet because it is 25% more massive than Pluto and about the same diameter. It has one known moon, 3962: 2819:

prevailing to the south, e.g. it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. The heliopause is considered the beginning of the interstellar medium. Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the

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Marchi, S.; Raponi, A.; Prettyman, T. H.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Raymond, C. A.; Ammannito, E.; Bowling, T.; Ciarniello, M.; Kaplan, H.; Palomba, E.; Russell, C. T.; Vinogradoff, V.; Yamashita, N. (2018). "An aqueously altered carbon-rich Ceres".

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If the Sun–Neptune distance is scaled to 100 metres (330 ft), then the Sun would be about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter (roughly two-thirds the diameter of a golf ball), the giant planets would be all smaller than about 3 mm (0.12 in), and

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is Mars's outer moon. Like Phobos, it is irregularly shaped, with a mean radius of 6 km (4 mi) and its surface reflects little light. However, the surface of Deimos is noticeably smoother than Phobos because the regolith partially covers the impact

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Solid objects smaller than one meter are usually called meteoroids and micrometeoroids (grain-sized), with the exact division between the two categories being debated over the years. By 2017, the IAU designated any solid object having a diameter between

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Some objects in the Solar System have a very large orbit, and therefore are much less affected by the known giant planets than other minor planet populations. These bodies are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects, or ETNOs for short. Generally, ETNOs'

2535:(30.3–48.1 AU), is in the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto, and is the largest such object after Pluto itself. Its eccentricity and inclination are similar to Pluto's, but its perihelion lies about 120° from that of Pluto. Thus, the 11870: 8737:

Margot, Jean-Luc; Peale, Stanton J.; Solomon, Sean C.; Hauck, Steven A.; Ghigo, Frank D.; Jurgens, Raymond F.; Yseboodt, Marie; Giorgini, Jon D.; Padovan, Sebastiano; Campbell, Donald B. (2012). "Mercury's moment of inertia from spin and gravity data".

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The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends out to near 500 AU, is thought to be the source of short-period comets. Scattered-disc objects are believed to have been perturbed into erratic orbits by the gravitational influence of

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will contract with hydrogen fusion occurring along a shell surrounding the inert helium, and the energy output will be greater than at present. The outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly 260 times its current diameter, and the Sun will become a

2824:: a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way. Large objects outside the heliopause remain gravitationally bound to the sun, but the flow of matter in the interstellar medium homogenizes the distribution of micro-scale objects. 3526:

had theorized this about comets in the 1st century. Careful observations of the 1769 transit of Venus allowed astronomers to calculate the average Earth–Sun distance as 93,726,900 miles (150,838,800 km), only 0.8% greater than the modern value.

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and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth. In this scenario, the intense radiation of the Galactic Center could interfere with the development of complex life.

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The heliosheath has been theorized to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind to possibly several thousands of AU. Evidence from the

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Alves, João; Zucker, Catherine; Goodman, Alyssa A.; Speagle, Joshua S.; Meingast, Stefan; Robitaille, Thomas; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Green, Gregory M. (23 January 2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood".

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Buie, M. W.; Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Meech, K. J.; Wagner, R. M.; Trilling, D. E. (2005). "Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey".

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closer to the Sun by the outer planets, and are expected to become comets or get ejected out of the Solar System. While most centaurs are inactive and asteroid-like, some exhibit clear cometary activity, such as the first centaur discovered,

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Swaczyna, Paweł; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Möbius, Eberhard; Bzowski, Maciej; Frisch, Priscilla C.; Linsky, Jeffrey L.; McComas, David J.; Rahmanifard, Fatemeh; Redfield, Seth; Winslow, Réka M.; Wood, Brian E.; Zank, Gary P. (1 October 2022).

12872:; Van Dam, M.A.; Bouchez, A.H.; Le Mignant, D.; Campbell, R.D.; Chin, J.C.Y.; Conrad, A.; Hartman, S.K.; Johansson, E.M.; Lafon, R.E.; Rabinowitz, D.L. Rabinowitz; Stomski, P.J. Jr.; Summers, D.M.; Trujillo, C.A.; Wizinowich, P.L. (2006). 2590:(41.9–45.5 AU) is the second-largest known object in the classical Kuiper belt, after Makemake. Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea. It possesses a ring system and one known moon, 14507:

Reisenfeld, Daniel B.; Bzowski, Maciej; Funsten, Herbert O.; Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Janzen, Paul H.; Kubiak, Marzena A.; McComas, David J.; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Sokół, Justyna M.; Zimorino, Alex; Zirnstein, Eric J. (1 June 2021).

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Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years. Long-period comets have orbits lasting thousands of years. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt, whereas long-period comets, such as

715:. This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. As is typical of molecular clouds, this one consisted mostly of hydrogen, with some helium, and small amounts of heavier elements 1696:

is Mars's inner moon. It is a small, irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). Its surface is very unreflective and dominated by impact craters. In particular, Phobos's surface has a very large

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Snodgrass, Colin; Agarwal, Jessica; Combi, Michael; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie; Hsieh, Henry H.; Hui, Man-To; Jehin, Emmanuel; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Knight, Matthew M.; Opitom, Cyrielle (November 2017).

1355:. This stream spreads outwards at speeds from 900,000 kilometres per hour (560,000 mph) to 2,880,000 kilometres per hour (1,790,000 mph), filling the vacuum between the bodies of the Solar System. The result is a 9369:; Grundy, Will; Sykes, Mark; Stern, Alan; Bell, James; Detelich, Charlene; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2021), "Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science", 12630:

Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Mike; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope".

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in diameter. Despite this, the total mass of the asteroid belt is unlikely to be more than a thousandth of that of Earth. The asteroid belt is very sparsely populated; spacecraft routinely pass through without incident.

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Sun, and even then, detecting these objects has often been possible only when they happened to become bright enough to register as comets. Many objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.

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resides) at a distance of 26,660 light-years, orbiting at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms. If it orbited close to the center, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the

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and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is within the

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Watters, Thomas R.; Solomon, Sean C.; Robinson, Mark S.; Head, James W.; André, Sarah L.; Hauck, Steven A.; Murchie, Scott L. (August 2009). "The tectonics of Mercury: The view after MESSENGER's first flyby".

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Mejías, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Alonso-García, Javier; Beamín, Juan Carlos; Saito, Roberto K.; Solano, Enrique (2022). "VVVX near-IR photometry for 99 low-mass stars in the Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Nearby Stars".

2642:. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane at an angle of 44°. 5343:. Washington D.C.: Space Studies Board, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Academies Press. 1990. pp. 21–33. 3074:

with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, is thought to extend up to a thousand times farther and encompasses the hypothetical Oort cloud. It was calculated by

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Mamajek, Eric E.; Barenfeld, Scott A.; Ivanov, Valentin D.; Kniazev, Alexei Y.; Väisänen, Petri; Beletsky, Yuri; Boffin, Henri M. J. (February 2015). "The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System".

2176:, which orbit inside or close to Saturn's rings. A moonlet can only partially clear out dust in their orbit, while the ring shepherds are able to completely clear out dust, forming visible gaps in the rings. 2886:

orbits may originate outside the Solar System, but determining their precise orbits is difficult. Old comets whose volatiles have mostly been driven out by solar warming are often categorized as asteroids.

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is the largest to orbit in the opposite, retrograde manner. Most larger objects rotate around their own axes in the prograde direction relative to their orbit, though the rotation of Venus is retrograde.

1674:. Mars has an atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with surface pressure 0.6% of that of Earth, which is sufficient to support some weather phenomena. Its surface is peppered with volcanoes and 812:

into different orbits. This led to dynamical instability of the entire system, which scattered the planetisimals and ultimately placed the gas giants in their current positions. During this period, the

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of Orcus's orbit is opposite to Pluto's: Orcus is at aphelion (most recently in 2019) around when Pluto is at perihelion (most recently in 1989) and vice versa. For this reason, it has been called the

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do not have a definite surface, as they are mainly composed of gases and liquids. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn.

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Some meteoroids formed via disintegration of comets and asteroids, while a few formed via impact debris ejected from planetary bodies. Most meteoroids are made of silicates and heavier metals like

2749:, who discovered the object in 2003, asserts that it cannot be part of the scattered disc or the Kuiper belt because its perihelion is too distant to have been affected by Neptune's migration. The 1328:

could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This higher metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun's development of a

995:, planets and most other objects orbit the Sun in the same direction that the Sun is rotating. That is, counter-clockwise, as viewed from above Earth's north pole. There are exceptions, such as 17901: 18147: 3812: 852:

The Sun's main-sequence phase, from beginning to end, will last about 10 billion years for the Sun compared to around two billion years for all other subsequent phases of the Sun's pre-

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caused it to rotate faster. The center, where most of the mass collected, became increasingly hotter than the surroundings. As the contracting nebula spun faster, it began to flatten into a

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are in a 3:2 resonance with Jupiter; that is, they go around the Sun three times for every two Jovian orbits. They lie in three linked clusters between Jupiter and the main asteroid belt.

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orbiting around its equator, which is composed of small ice and rock particles. Like Jupiter, it is mostly made of hydrogen and helium. At its north and south poles, Saturn has peculiar

1553:. At the surface, the atmospheric pressure is ninety times as dense as on Earth's sea level. Venus has a surface temperatures over 400 °C (752 °F), mainly due to the amount of 22846: 3178:

in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across. The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma, suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae.

1863:(2.55–2.98 AU) is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. It is the largest object in the belt, with a diameter of 940 km (580 mi). Its surface contains a mixture of 10203:

Bolin, Bryce T.; Ahumada, T.; van Dokkum, P.; Fremling, C.; Granvik, M.; Hardegree-Ullmann, K. K.; Harikane, Y.; Purdum, J. N.; Serabyn, E.; Southworth, J.; Zhai, C. (November 2022).

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The giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed further out, beyond the frost line, the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for

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in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, nor the asteroid belts have been discovered yet. Orbits of planets are drawn to scale, but the orbits of moons and the size of bodies are not.

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Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. This revolution is known as the Solar System's

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Torres, S.; Cai, M. X.; Brown, A. G. A.; Portegies Zwart, S. (September 2019). "Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud: creation of interstellar comets".

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not massive enough to commence the fusion of heavier elements, and nuclear reactions in the core will dwindle. Its outer layers will be ejected into space, leaving behind a dense

22656: 4171:, abbreviated AU, is equal to 150,000,000 km; 93,000,000 mi. This is what the distance from the Earth to the Sun would be if the planet's orbit were perfectly circular. 2745:(76.2–937 AU) was the first extreme trans-Neptunian object to be discovered. It is a large, reddish object, and it takes ~11,400 years for Sedna to complete one orbit. 17848: 14438:

Kornbleuth, M.; Opher, M.; Baliukin, I.; Gkioulidou, M.; Richardson, J. D.; Zank, G. P.; Michael, A. T.; Tóth, G.; Tenishev, V.; Izmodenov, V.; Alexashov, D. (1 December 2021).

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Vorobyov, Eduard I. (March 2011). "Embedded Protostellar Disks Around (Sub-)Solar Stars. II. Disk Masses, Sizes, Densities, Temperatures, and the Planet Formation Perspective".

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Elements of Natural Philosophy ... To which are added. Some Thoughts concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman. By the same author. With prefatory remarks by P. Des Maizeaux

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Durda, D .D.; Stern, S. A.; Colwell, W. B.; Parker, J. W.; Levison, H. F.; Hassler, D. M. (2004). "A New Observational Search for Vulcanoids in SOHO/LASCO Coronagraph Images".

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Hussmann, Hauke; Sohl, Frank; Spohn, Tilman (November 2006). "Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects".

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and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic-ray penetration in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown.

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were of the same object, returning regularly once every 75–76 years. This was the first evidence that anything other than the planets repeatedly orbited the Sun, though

19941: 19515: 16675: 9149: 15999:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60 Fe Accretion*" 11737: 7872: 7321: 20954: 6821: 2727:

ETNOs, with perihelia approximately between 40–45 and 50–60 AU, are less affected by Neptune than the scattered ETNOs, but are still relatively close to Neptune. The

15868:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60Fe Accretion" 4072: 4018: 2068:(4.95–5.46 AU) is the biggest and most massive planet in the Solar System. On the surface, there are orange-brown and white cloud bands moving via the principles of 19911: 14416: 9319: 7466:

Langner, U. W.; Potgieter, M. S. (2005). "Effects of the position of the solar wind termination shock and the heliopause on the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays".

4045: 3991: 3680: 4386:—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".) 17760: 9250: 2941:. If a stream of meteoroids enter the atmosphere on parallel trajectories, the meteors will seemingly 'radiate' from a point in the sky, hence the phenomenon's name: 19712: 15502: 10209: 4778:

Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Dello Russo, N.; et al. (2003). "Remote infrared observations of parent volatiles in comets: A window on the early solar system".

4716: 8135:

Lineweaver, Charles H. (9 March 2001). "An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect".

4210:

Lurie, John C.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; et al. (2014). "The Solar neighborhood. XXXIV. A search for planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs using astrometry".

3797: 3568:

since the 1960s. By 1989, all eight planets have been visited by space probes. Probes have returned samples from comets and asteroids, as well as flown through the

2808:

spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field, but the actual shape remains unknown.

1561:

by the solar wind, which suggests that its atmosphere is sustained by volcanic activity. Its surface displays extensive evidence of volcanic activity with stagnant

777:. As helium accumulates at its core, the Sun is growing brighter; early in its main-sequence life its brightness was 70% that of what it is today. The temperature, 1773:, asteroids between the orbit of Mercury and the Sun, have been discovered. As of 2024, one asteroid has been discovered to orbit completely within Venus's orbit, 17022: 11609: 3228: 23124: 13964:

Kiss, Csaba; Marton, Gábor; Farkas-Takács, Anikó; Stansberry, John; Müller, Thomas; Vinkó, József; Balog, Zoltán; Ortiz, Jose-Luis; Pál, András (16 March 2017).

7408: 3239:

of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud. There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within

4599: 2489:

with Neptune, meaning that Pluto orbits twice around the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits. Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share this resonance are called

18073:"Quiz - Is Pluto A Planet? - Who doesn't love Pluto? It shares a name with the Roman god of the underworld and a Disney dog. But is it a planet? - Interactive" 12747: 10329: 15749: 12498: 7444: 7124:

Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012). "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits".

861:. Because of its increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be cooler (2,600 K (4,220 °F) at its coolest) than it is on the main sequence. 17878: 9721: 3111: 2619: 988:, with one face permanently turned toward their parent. The four giant planets have planetary rings, thin discs of tiny particles that orbit them in unison. 17255: 16807: 11157:

Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

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Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

4655:

Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Millis, R. L.; et al. (2003). "Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances".

2553:(34.6–51.6 AU) was discovered in 2005. It is in a temporary 7:12 orbital resonance with Neptune. Haumea possesses a ring system, two known moons named 1324:. Elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the 17433: 8377: 10568: 5376:

Boss, A. P.; Durisen, R. H. (2005). "Chondrule-forming Shock Fronts in the Solar Nebula: A Possible Unified Scenario for Planet and Chondrite Formation".

4824: 939:

The Sun is composed of roughly 98% hydrogen and helium, as are Jupiter and Saturn. A composition gradient exists in the Solar System, created by heat and

13406: 10776:

Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017).

3545:

was identified as a planet some years later, in 1846, thanks to its gravitational pull causing a slight but detectable variation in the orbit of Uranus.

3541:, an apparent shift in the position of a star created by Earth's motion around the Sun, providing the first direct, experimental proof of heliocentrism. 10939: 20967: 14615: 8924: 8711: 8476:(2020). "The Inner Solar System's Habitability Through Time". In Meadows, Victoria S.; Arney, Giada N.; Schmidt, Britney; Des Marais, David J. (eds.). 1535:

plains similar to the Moon. It is likely that Mercury has a silicate crust and a large iron core. Mercury has a very tenuous atmosphere, consisting of

17153:

Athreya, A.; Gingerich, O. (December 1996). "An Analysis of Kepler's Rudolphine Tables and Implications for the Reception of His Physical Astronomy".

9843: 5271:

estimates of disk radii in the Taurus and Ophiuchus star forming regions lie in a wide range between 50 AU and 1000 AU, with a median value of 200 AU.

1169:

of the Solar System is conventionally located in the inner Solar System, where planetary surface or atmospheric temperatures admit the possibility of

20835: 16393: 15437: 11586: 6037: 5962: 5892: 5354: 4959: 4914: 2982: 2260:

is >90°. This gives the planet extreme seasonal variation as each pole points toward and then away from the Sun. Uranus's outer layer has a muted

12574: 9792: 7504: 754:

Due to their higher boiling points, only metals and silicates could exist in solid form in the warm inner Solar System close to the Sun (within the

20947: 19948: 13221: 9710: 8292: 5929: 3675: 3533:, having occasionally been observed since 1690 and possibly from antiquity, was recognized to be a planet orbiting beyond Saturn by 1783. In 1838, 2111:. They orbit substantially closer to Jupiter than other satellites. Materials from these natural satellites are the source of Jupiter's faint ring. 1197:

Compared to many extrasolar systems, the Solar System stands out in lacking planets interior to the orbit of Mercury. The known Solar System lacks

922: 14793: 12949:

Chiang, E.I.; Jordan, A.B.; Millis, R.L.; Buie, M.W.; Wasserman, L.H.; Elliot, J.L.; Kern, S.D.; Trilling, D.E.; Meech, K.J.; et al. (2003).

10619: 8450: 5187: 20842: 17541: 15612:

Pfalzner, Susanne; Govind, Amith; Zwart, Simon Portegies (September 2024). "Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer Solar System".

15355: 14386: 10875: 4753: 2648:(33.8–101.2 AU) is a dwarf planet in a comparable orbit to Eris, except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune. It has one known moon, 2377:, which has been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun. The largest known centaur, 1127:, 912 km (567 mi) away.. At that scale, the distance to Proxima Centauri would be roughly 8 times further than the Moon is from Earth. 14851: 12297: 11172: 10976: 1930:. Not much is known about Pallas because it has never been visited by a spacecraft, though its surface is predicted to be composed of silicates. 15539: 15474: 14975: 13287: 11961:

Sremčević, Miodrag; Schmidt, Jürgen; Salo, Heikki; Seiß, Martin; Spahn, Frank; Albers, Nicole (2007). "A belt of moonlets in Saturn's A ring".

10718: 9423: 8261: 4098:, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar System" and "solar system" structures in their 2922:

and 1 meter as meteoroids, and depreciated the micrometeoroid categorization, instead terms smaller particles simply as 'dust particles'.

2393:", with the doughnut-shaped Kuiper belt, home of Pluto and several other dwarf planets, and an overlapping disc of scattered objects, which is 9865: 7382: 6475: 6017: 3487: 22853: 19500: 12809: 8985: 7188: 3364: 2569:

of Kuiper belt objects that share similar orbits, which suggests a giant impact on Haumea ejected fragments into space billions of years ago.

1080:

and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus. Attempts have been made to determine a relationship between these orbital distances, like the

16843: 15270: 15049: 10445: 9960: 9675: 6662: 6587:

Levison, Harold F.; Duncan, Martin J. (1997). "From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets".

6437: 11893: 10646: 9184: 8016: 7666: 6301: 2240:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than the objects listed above.

1799:

are those with perhihelia above 1.3 AU which cross the orbit of Mars. As of 2024, NASA lists 26,182 confirmed Mars-crossing asteroids,

16209:

McKee, Christopher F.; Parravano, Antonio; Hollenbach, David J. (November 2015). "Stars, Gas, and Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood".

9280: 8559: 6084: 20964: 20940: 19645: 17381: 14713: 14514: 8950: 7569: 3166:, although it is not clear if it is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud or if it lies just outside the cloud's edge. Multiple other 1099:

attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar System in human terms. Some are small in scale (and may be mechanical—called

992: 689: 464: 18233: 17281:. Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium #196, held 7–11 June 2004 in Preston, U.K. 14261: 10909: 10301:

Morbidelli, A.; Bottke, W.F.; Froeschlé, Ch.; Michel, P. (January 2002). W.F. Bottke Jr.; A. Cellino; P. Paolicchi; R.P. Binzel (eds.).

9659:

Gatling, David C.; Leovy, Conway (2007). "Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interactions". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

9510: 1285:

and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as

1023:, which causes the body's distance from the Sun to vary over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its 20176: 17225: 13619: 10246: 9487: 6534:; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration". 2613:

The orbital eccentricities and inclinations of the scattered disc population compared to the classical and resonant Kuiper belt objects

2481:(29.7–49.3 AU) is the largest known object in the Kuiper belt. Pluto has a relatively eccentric orbit, inclined 17 degrees to the 1148: 18466: 17840: 13843: 13347: 11502: 9986: 6209: 3416:. Using a heliocentric model that improved upon Copernicus by allowing orbits to be elliptical, and the precise observational data of 2137:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than objects listed above.

1769:

within the orbit of Mercury. At least 362 are known to date, and include the closest objects to the Sun known in the Solar System. No

773:

Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the center of the protostar became great enough for it to begin

19411: 17809: 14815: 3502: 1063:

To-scale diagram of distance between planets, with the white bar showing orbital variations. The size of the planets is not to scale.

11270: 10150:

Steffl, A. J.; Cunningham, N. J.; Shinn, A. B.; Stern, S. A. (2013). "A Search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager".

18242:

If the Moon were only 1 Pixel: A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel)

16912: 16628: 13589: 13376: 12267: 9160: 3496: 16983: 13001: 12924: 12400:

Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".

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Inner satellites, which orbit inside Uranus's ring system. They are very close to each other, which suggest that their orbits are

20554: 17987: 13923:

Dumas, C.; Merlin, F.; Barucci, M. A.; de Bergh, C.; Hainault, O.; Guilbert, A.; Vernazza, P.; Doressoundiram, A. (August 2007).

7876: 4886: 2057:. Icy substances comprise the majority of the satellites of the giant planets and small objects that lie beyond Neptune's orbit. 905:. Since the discovery of the Kuiper belt, the outermost parts of the Solar System are considered a distinct region consisting of 18044: 5615:

Shaviv, Nir J. (2003). "Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind".

5055: 1072:

from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is

19566: 19211: 19196: 19176: 18488: 18435: 17691: 13480: 11013: 5510:

Yi, Sukyoung; Demarque, Pierre; Kim, Yong-Cheol; et al. (2001). "Toward Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The

4279: 3103: 1762: 18484: 18469: 14408: 14201: 13813: 13779: 11400:

Christou, Apostolos A.; Wiegert, Paul (January 2012). "A population of main belt asteroids co-orbiting with Ceres and Vesta".

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population is roughly equal to that of the asteroid belt. After Jupiter, Neptune possesses the most confirmed trojans, at 28.

23013: 22688: 19510: 19243: 19206: 19201: 18478: 18027: 17786: 17473: 17117: 17090: 16661: 15788: 13510: 13439: 13333: 12099: 11696: 9462: 9129: 9120: 8333: 8211: 7962: 7547: 6868: 6637: 6512: 6388: 5449: 4420: 4369: 2381:, has a diameter of about 250 km (160 mi) and is one of the only few minor planets known to possess a ring system. 1844:

Below are the descriptions of the three largest bodies in the asteroid belt. They are all considered to be relatively intact

17479: 14910:

Jorgensen, J. L.; Benn, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Denver, T.; Jorgensen, P. S.; Andersen, A. C.; Bolton, S. J. (March 2021).

14173: 13114: 12600: 12125: 12062: 11247:

Barucci, M. A.; Kruikshank, D. P.; Mottola, S.; Lazzarin, M. (2002). "Physical Properties of Trojan and Centaur Asteroids".

9901: 9242: 9070: 8854: 7553: 4566: 4536: 1281:. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous but shorter lived. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the 19936: 19873: 19527: 19248: 19186: 19181: 18477: 17752: 14440:"The Development of a Split-tail Heliosphere and the Role of Non-ideal Processes: A Comparison of the BU and Moscow Models" 13759:

Gomes, R. S.; Fernández, J. A.; Gallardo, T.; Brunini, A. (2008). "The Scattered Disk: Origins, Dynamics, and End States".

12520:

Soderblom, L. A.; Kieffer, S. W.; Becker, T. L.; Brown, R. H.; Cook, A. F. II; Hansen, C. J.; Johnson, T. V.; Kirk, R. L.;

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and surrounding stars. As of 2022, the precise location of the Solar System in the clouds is an open question in astronomy.

2398: 1012: 22963: 18475: 18472: 18468: 18464: 9607: 6414: 4121: 23018: 20090: 19191: 18267: 8628: 7986: 6774: 3957:{\displaystyle \cos \psi =\cos(\beta _{g})\cos(\beta _{e})\cos(\alpha _{g}-\alpha _{e})+\sin(\beta _{g})\sin(\beta _{e})} 3389:

of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the

3047: 3000: 1741:, refractory rocky and metallic minerals, with some ice. They range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in size. 1036: 711:

The Solar System formed at least 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large

20980: 18482: 18474: 22663: 21982: 18471: 17620: 17427: 17016: 16454: 14351:"Model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium: Numerical solution of self-consistent problem" 13773: 12789: 11731: 9834:"Why the 'Super Weird' Moons of Mars Fascinate Scientists - What's the big deal about little Phobos and tinier Deimos?" 9637: 9313: 8503: 7005: 5348: 4338: 3285:

containing more than 100 billion stars. The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the

1515:(0.31–0.59 AU from the Sun) is the smallest planet in the Solar System. Its surface is grayish, with an expansive 17: 18489: 18485: 14887:

Meteors in the Earth's Atmosphere: Meteoroids and Cosmic Dust and Their Interactions with the Earth's Upper Atmosphere

12173: 11043: 7412: 6697: 4102: 19339: 19312: 18480: 16334: 15811: 15080: 14894: 13974: 11908: 11620: 10747: 10381: 7764: 7053: 6917: 6807: 5803: 4607: 2355: 12739: 10302: 10205:"The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus" 1391: 20673: 19727: 18490: 18164: 17327: 15739: 12490: 10778:"Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft" 10590:

McCord, Thomas B.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Russell, Christopher T.; Sotin, Christophe; Thomas, Peter C. (7 March 2006).

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million years, and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula.

3546: 3213: 727: 18285: 17870: 17247: 15292:

Batygin, Konstantin; Adams, Fred C.; Brown, Michael E.; Becker, Juliette C. (2019). "The Planet Nine Hypothesis".

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Noviello, Jessica L.; Desch, Stephen J.; Neveu, Marc; Proudfoot, Benjamin C. N.; Sonnett, Sarah (September 2022).

10072: 9718: 8799:

Domingue, Deborah L.; Koehn, Patrick L.; et al. (2009). "Mercury's Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere".

3412:

Heliocentrism did not triumph immediately over geocentrism, but the work of Copernicus had its champions, notably

3373:

The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.

2720: 2364:

are greater than Jupiter's and less than Neptune's (between 5.5 and 30 AU). These are former Kuiper belt and

2218:(trojans of Dione). These small moons share their orbits with Tethys and Dione, leading or trailing behind either. 762:

materials only comprised a small fraction of the solar nebula, the terrestrial planets could not grow very large.

22375: 20491: 18353: 18191: 17046: 16936:"The Alvarez Impact Theory of Mass Extinction; Limits to its Applicability and the "Great Expectations Syndrome"" 16574:

Kaib, Nathan A.; Quinn, Thomas (September 2008). "The formation of the Oort cloud in open cluster environments".

11759:

Anderson, J.D.; Johnson, T.V.; Shubert, G.; et al. (2005). "Amalthea's Density Is Less Than That of Water".

11194: 8405: 6907: 5617: 5025: 4167:

The scale of the Solar System is sufficiently large that astronomers use a custom unit to express distances. The

4141:'s Minor Planet Center has yet to officially list Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna as dwarf planets as of 2024. 2448: 833:

orbits around the Sun. Although the Solar System has been fairly stable for billions of years, it is technically

19255: 14912:"Distribution of Interplanetary Dust Detected by the Juno Spacecraft and Its Contribution to the Zodiacal Light" 8369: 8347: 1774: 1185: 770:

debris that never became planets congregated in regions such as the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, and Oort cloud.

22668: 22305: 22289: 21324: 20169: 19906: 19322: 19156: 14637:

Sekanina, Zdeněk (2001). "Kreutz sungrazers: the ultimate case of cometary fragmentation and disintegration?".

11810:

Burns, J. A.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P.; et al. (1999). "The Formation of Jupiter's Faint Rings".

10560: 4476: 3132:

Within 10 light-years of the Sun there are relatively few stars, the closest being the triple star system

3116: 3040: 2805: 2662: 2361: 1987: 1883:. Ceres has a very thin water vapor atmosphere, but practically speaking it is indistinguishable from a vacuum. 1473: 1000: 759: 268: 15240: 15177:

Stern SA, Weissman PR (2001). "Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud".

13402: 12772:

Tegler, Stephen C. (2007). "Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

11556: 4832: 3204:, before dissolving into co-moving associations. A prominent grouping that is visible to the naked eye is the 2909: 1634:

is Earth's only natural satellite. Its diameter is one-quarter the size of Earth's. Its surface is covered in

980:

The planets and other large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, known as the

22933: 22715: 22582: 20777: 19431: 19327: 12525: 10931: 5341:

Strategy for the Detection and Study of Other Planetary Systems and Extrasolar Planetary Materials: 1990–2000

5179: 3685: 1961:, 60° behind in its orbit. Every planet except Mercury and Saturn is known to possess at least 1 trojan. The 1849: 838: 31: 19844: 18387: 14607: 8877: 8715: 6941:

Lecar, Myron; Franklin, Fred A.; Holman, Matthew J.; Murray, Norman J. (2001). "Chaos in the Solar System".

3351:, the changing position of the Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic 3227:

Stellar flybys that pass within 0.8 light-years of the Sun occur roughly once every 100,000 years. The

23008: 22839: 22698: 22649: 22624: 21917: 20443: 19931: 19486: 19466: 19361: 14581: 9833: 7036:

Marochnik, L.; Mukhin, L. (1995). "Is Solar System Evolution Cometary Dominated?". In Shostak, G.S. (ed.).

3550: 3491:

of 1687, demonstrated that celestial bodies are not quintessentially different from Earthly ones: the same

3340: 2444: 1790: 1220:

and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined.

1166: 918: 19849: 18487: 18072: 15498:"Twisted extreme trans-Neptunian orbital parameter space: statistically significant asymmetries confirmed" 13222:"Autoresonant (nonstationary) excitation of pendulums, Plutinos, plasmas, and other nonlinear oscillators" 11578: 1398:, a spiral form created by the actions of the Sun's rotating magnetic field on the interplanetary medium. 1246:), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its 1212:

The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to many other systems, they have smaller

785:

was achieved: the thermal pressure counterbalancing the force of gravity. At this point, the Sun became a

22639: 22619: 20006: 19532: 19461: 19426: 18465: 18459: 18241: 17322: 15653: 14674: 14209: 13229: 12664:

Braga-Ribas, F.; et al. (April 2014). "A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo".

9800: 4416: 4151: 3695: 3564:

In the 20th century, humans began their space exploration around the Solar System, starting with placing

2306:. Most of them have a roughly equal amounts rock and ice, except Miranda, which is made primarily of ice. 1580: 57: 22002: 19446: 18100: 13254: 9948:

It thus appears smoother than Phobos because its craters lie partially buried under this loose material.

9704: 8284: 7514: 5887: 2735:

objects, with perihelia beyond 50–60 AU, are too far from Neptune to be strongly influenced by it.

2625:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that two of the bodies in the scattered disc are

23114: 23031: 22703: 22634: 22604: 20920: 20828: 20610: 20402: 19921: 19722: 19605: 19588: 19554: 18486: 18428: 14757: 11688: 11220:

Feierberg, M. A.; Larson, H. P.; Lebofsky, L. A. (1982). "The 3 Micron Spectrum of Asteroid 2 Pallas".

10591: 8442: 7950: 7468: 3670: 3492: 3269:

Diagram of the Milky Way, with galactic features and the relative position of the Solar System labeled.

3217: 3107: 2199:. They are all composed mostly of water ice and are believed to have differentiated internal structure. 1395: 18215: 16752:

Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; et al. (May 2019).

15405: 14286:"Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe" 10864: 4711: 4305: 3518:

used it to refer to the Sun, planets, and comets. In 1705, Halley realized that repeated sightings of

2325:'s abnormally high temperature or the strong tilt (47°) of its magnetosphere. As of 2024, Neptune has 1015:

describe the orbits of objects around the Sun. These laws stipulate that each object travels along an

817:

suggests that a final inward migration of Jupiter dispersed much of the asteroid belt, leading to the

22710: 22587: 22564: 22146: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21050: 21024: 20849: 20666: 20631: 20624: 20471: 20162: 19764: 19739: 19549: 18183: 17502: 17350: 16699: 16484: 16211: 16003: 15872: 14444: 14105: 13647: 12881: 12808:

Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Buie, M. W.; Benecchi, S. D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H. G. (December 2018).

12293: 11158: 11106:

Schenk, P.; et al. (2012). "The Geologically Recent Giant Impact Basins at Vesta's South Pole".

10962: 10386: 9427: 8993:

Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

8098: 7904: 7819: 7596: 7126: 7071: 6504: 6498: 6237: 5378: 4562: 4532: 4502: 4111: 4095: 2949: 2900: 2855: 2520: 1734: 1683: 1420: 1282: 1274: 1263: 1193:

for different stellar temperatures, with a sample of known exoplanets plus the Earth, Mars, and Venus

1116: 945: 928: 755: 618: 496: 331: 324: 18483: 17279:

Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the transit of Venus of 1639

16867:"The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review" 16389:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 15497: 15432: 14967: 14859: 13279: 10669: 10505:"The Statistical Asteroid Model. I. The Main-Belt Population for Diameters Greater than 1 Kilometer" 9875: 8760: 8656: 8169: 7762:

Volk, Kathryn; Gladman, Brett (2015). "Consolidating and Crushing Exoplanets: Did it happen here?".

5888:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 4800: 2719:

of more than 0.85. As with the regular scattered disc objects, they were likely formed as result of

1893:(2.13–3.41 AU) is the second-largest object in the asteroid belt. Its fragments survive as the 869:, half the original mass of the Sun but only the size of Earth. The ejected outer layers may form a 22939: 22901: 21853: 21727: 21362: 20872: 20638: 20055: 19660: 15006: 14998: 13029: 12958: 12781: 11067:"Mineralogical records of early planetary processes on the HED parent body with reference to Vesta" 8253: 7386: 7180: 6467: 5130:(2010). "The age of the Solar System redefined by the oldest Pb–Pb age of a meteoritic inclusion". 4657: 3406: 3305: 3193:), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the 3163: 3121: 2701: 2680: 2369: 2077: 1646:, are formed from past volcanic activity. The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting of a 1273:

Because the Sun fuses hydrogen at its core, it is a main-sequence star. More specifically, it is a

1250:

high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This releases an enormous amount of

1085: 743: 84: 18205: 16835: 12365:

Duncan, Martin J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1997). "Orbital Stability of the Uranian Satellite System".

11648:

Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".

8996: 2397:

of the Solar System and reaches much further out than the Kuiper belt. The entire region is still

2237:. In particular, Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere. 1242:

The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900

758:). They would eventually form the rocky planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Because these 22629: 22380: 22179: 22089: 22049: 22031: 21957: 21528: 21454: 20733: 20519: 20378: 20357: 20316: 20280: 20248: 19744: 19571: 19218: 19122: 19035: 18735: 18585: 18476: 18467: 17355: 15074:

Bernardinelli, Pedro H.; Bernstein, Gary M.; Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (1 November 2021).

13869: 13314: 11494: 10478: 10417:

C. A. Angeli - D. Lazzaro (2002). "Spectral properties of Mars-crossers and near-Earth objects".

9964: 9683: 9454: 6858: 6441: 4050: 3996: 3324: 3205: 2859: 2645: 2461:, (and has since been named Albion); they are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits. 2415: 2158: 2069: 2042: 1940: 1876: 1796: 1780: 782: 766: 748: 629:(just outside Neptune's orbit). Six planets, seven dwarf planets, and other bodies have orbiting 598: 586: 476: 252: 17962: 15262: 11914: 10642: 9188: 8315: 8008: 7954: 7650: 6628:; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, Mark (2020). "4.5 Orbits, Tides, and the Acceleration of Gravity". 6312: 6274:

Morbidelli, Alessandro (2005). "Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs".

4023: 3969: 2609: 2464:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that five members of the Kuiper belt are

793:

and swept away the remaining gas and dust from the protoplanetary disc into interstellar space.

23119: 22790: 22770: 22542: 22537: 22435: 22330: 22279: 22084: 22074: 21747: 21545: 21513: 21404: 21387: 20984: 20786: 20659: 20652: 20575: 20369: 19749: 19687: 19635: 19625: 19610: 19561: 19421: 19351: 18773: 18461: 12521: 9543:"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006" 9272: 8878:"The deep atmosphere of Venus and the possible role of density-driven separation of CO2 and N2" 8755: 8651: 8523: 8164: 6076: 4795: 3614: 3377:

Humanity's knowledge of the Solar System has grown incrementally over the centuries. Up to the

3221: 3054:). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 2992: 2974: 2787: 2704:

orbits the Sun once every ~32,000 years, with a distance of 65–2000 AU from the Sun.

2390: 1978: 1725: 1667: 1662:(1.38–1.67 AU) has a radius about half of that of Earth. Most of the planet is red due to 906: 818: 653: 610: 492: 370: 319: 19670: 18481: 18473: 18470: 17082: 16444: 15780: 12172:

Forget, F.; Bertrand, T.; Vangvichith, M.; Leconte, J.; Millour, E.; Lellouch, E. (May 2017).

11721: 11292:

Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian (27 July 2011). "Earth's Trojan asteroid".

9212:"Seeing Forests for the Trees and the Carbon: Mapping the World's Forests in Three Dimensions" 8959: 7566: 6995: 4074:= 18h 0m 00s are those for the north pole of the ecliptic. (Both pairs of coordinates are for 4020:= 12h 51m 26.282s are the declination and right ascension of the north galactic pole, whereas 3469:

observed a transit of Mercury across the Sun, leading him to realize that observations of the

2536: 829:

The Solar System remains in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated,

23109: 23069: 22876: 22644: 22614: 22609: 22599: 22527: 22315: 21481: 20932: 20756: 20450: 20388: 20241: 20211: 20115: 20042: 19916: 19769: 19732: 19620: 19615: 18421: 18013: 17363: 17006: 15667: 15647: 14882: 9518: 9303: 8203:

Space Physics: An introduction to plasmas and particles in the heliosphere and magnetospheres

5336: 5283:

Greaves, Jane S. (7 January 2005). "Disks Around Stars and the Growth of Planetary Systems".

3442:

in 1639. This provided a strong vindication of heliocentrism and Kepler's elliptical orbits.

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material, has a denser composition than Ceres's. Its surface is marked by two giant craters:

1880: 1624: 1558: 1375: 1360: 1278: 830: 814: 778: 452: 21762: 19784: 18227: 17610: 17407: 17070: 16779: 15772: 15708: 14773: 14687: 14253: 14222: 13940: 13052: 12773: 12247: 11661: 11544: 11082: 10901: 10863:

Raymond, C.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Park, R. S.; Ermakov, A.; et al. (September 2018).

10204: 10094:

List of asteroids with q<0.3075 AU generated by the JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine

10044: 9479: 9159: 8595: 8062: 7917: 7322:"Is it a coincidence that most of the planets fall within the Titius-Bode law's boundaries?" 7069:

Bi, S. L.; Li, T. D.; Li, L. H.; Yang, W. M. (2011). "Solar Models with Revised Abundance".

6964: 6250: 2470:. Many dwarf planet candidates are being considered, pending further data for verification. 1115:

as its substitute Sun, and, following the scale, Jupiter is a 7.5-meter (25-foot) sphere at

22785: 22683: 22673: 22522: 22490: 22284: 22079: 22064: 21377: 20748: 20680: 20498: 20436: 20227: 20204: 20197: 19677: 19630: 19287: 18745: 18710: 18705: 18599: 18550: 18523: 18479: 18458: 18179: 17722: 17659: 17575: 17415: 17286: 17193: 17181: 17162: 17051: 16888: 16775: 16718: 16593: 16556: 16503: 16412: 16353: 16289: 16230: 16167: 16095: 16022: 15952: 15891: 15830: 15704: 15627: 15584: 15521: 15456: 15372: 15313: 15186: 15099: 15025: 14923: 14769: 14722: 14683: 14646: 14639:

Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

14523: 14463: 14362: 14297: 14218: 14202:"A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction" 14124: 14059: 13993: 13936: 13881: 13835: 13717: 13666: 13615: 13545: 13318: 13238: 13194: 13159: 13098: 13048: 12977: 12900: 12831: 12685: 12646: 12542: 12464: 12419: 12374: 12331: 12255: 12243: 12188: 12030: 11972: 11819: 11768: 11657: 11540: 11466: 11419: 11372: 11303: 11229: 11115: 11078: 10789: 10684: 10603: 10516: 10462: 10313: 10228: 10169: 10124: 10040: 9994: 9769: 9757: 9554: 9390: 9034: 8892: 8808: 8747: 8643: 8591: 8491: 8414: 8156: 8107: 8058: 7913: 7838: 7817:

Goldreich, Peter; Lithwick, Yoram; Sari, Re'em (2004). "Final Stages of Planet Formation".

7783: 7718: 7658: 7615: 7477: 7223: 7145: 7090: 7041: 6960: 6734: 6598: 6545: 6358: 6340: 6246: 6205: 6129: 5981: 5911: 5840: 5783: 5728: 5681: 5672: 5636: 5581: 5535: 5477: 5397: 5294: 5254: 5217: 5139: 5090: 4978: 4870: 4787: 4735: 4676: 4229: 3782: 3607: 3577: 3394: 3286: 3278: 3208:, which is around 80 light-years away within the Local Bubble. The nearest star cluster is 2816: 2800: 2742: 2716: 2532: 1858: 1825: 1217: 1213: 1103:)—whereas others extend across cities or regional areas. The largest such scale model, the 985: 594: 566: 562: 480: 262: 227: 222: 95: 21220: 18462: 18460: 17817: 16754:"A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty" 6108:"The mysterious age invariance of the planetary nebula luminosity function bright cut-off" 4630: 3151:, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-years. In 2016, a potentially habitable 2423:

and other asteroid populations. J, S, U and N denotes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

1840:. Only Ceres and Vesta have been visited by a spacecraft and thus have a detailed picture. 8: 23045: 22987: 22981: 22951: 22245: 22228: 21899: 21801: 21624: 20879: 20821: 20617: 20568: 20464: 20411: 20234: 20129: 20018: 19856: 19829: 19779: 19583: 19047: 18740: 18592: 16482:

Drimmel, R.; Spergel, D. N. (2001). "Three Dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Disk".

13060: 12951:"Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances" 12855: 12774: 12174:"A post-New Horizons Global climate model of Pluto including the N 2, CH 4 and CO cycles" 11262: 8012: 3745: 3634: 3402: 3197:, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye. 3087: 2875: 2847: 2771: 2635: 2394: 2309:

Irregular satellites, having more distant and eccentric orbits than objects listed above.

2154: 1955: 1948: 1159: 1132: 1104: 1081: 1047: 878: 809: 797: 731: 704: 590: 472: 257: 22385: 18943: 18822: 17726: 17663: 17579: 17419: 17344: 17290: 17197: 17166: 17055: 16892: 16866: 16722: 16597: 16560: 16507: 16416: 16357: 16293: 16234: 16171: 16099: 16026: 15956: 15895: 15834: 15631: 15588: 15525: 15460: 15376: 15317: 15190: 15103: 15029: 14927: 14726: 14650: 14527: 14467: 14366: 14301: 14128: 14063: 13997: 13885: 13721: 13670: 13581: 13549: 13502: 13476: 13372: 13242: 13198: 13163: 13102: 12981: 12904: 12835: 12689: 12650: 12546: 12468: 12423: 12378: 12335: 12218: 12192: 12034: 11976: 11823: 11772: 11470: 11423: 11376: 11307: 11233: 11119: 10793: 10688: 10607: 10520: 10466: 10317: 10232: 10173: 10128: 9761: 9558: 9394: 9038: 8896: 8812: 8751: 8647: 8495: 8418: 8160: 8111: 7842: 7787: 7722: 7662: 7619: 7481: 7227: 7149: 7094: 7045: 6738: 6602: 6549: 6362: 6133: 5985: 5915: 5844: 5787: 5732: 5685: 5640: 5585: 5539: 5481: 5401: 5298: 5258: 5221: 5143: 5094: 4982: 4874: 4791: 4739: 4680: 4233: 4109:. The name is commonly rendered in lower case ('solar system'), as, for example, in the 3732:

are not added because the individual asteroids are too small to be shown on the diagram.

3304:, the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation 2667: 2335:

Irregular satellites, which as the name implies, have less regular orbits. One of them,

2196: 23093: 22891: 22862: 22780: 22741: 22693: 22678: 22592: 22532: 22455: 22365: 22335: 22325: 22269: 22191: 21882: 21518: 21317: 21278: 21113: 21109: 21105: 20908: 20807: 20512: 20482: 20429: 20364: 20312: 20287: 20109: 19979: 19926: 19804: 19774: 19682: 19495: 18632: 18463: 18077: 17683: 17649: 17591: 17533: 17525: 17217: 16975: 16935: 16904: 16878: 16799: 16765: 16734: 16708: 16620: 16583: 16546: 16519: 16493: 16402: 16369: 16343: 16313: 16279: 16246: 16220: 16191: 16157: 16127: 16085: 16048: 16012: 15976: 15942: 15909: 15881: 15820: 15720: 15694: 15617: 15574: 15511: 15446: 15396: 15329: 15303: 15210: 15125: 15089: 15041: 15015: 14949: 14785: 14738: 14711:

Whipple, Fred L. (1992). "The activities of comets related to their aging and origin".

14557: 14489: 14453: 14326: 14285: 14142: 14114: 14077: 14049: 14011: 13983: 13905: 13684: 13656: 13563: 13149: 13064: 13038: 12993: 12967: 12916: 12890: 12873: 12847: 12717: 12675: 12636: 12566: 12435: 12409: 12347: 12259: 12233: 12054: 11996: 11931: 11843: 11792: 11435: 11409: 11362: 11327: 11139: 11091: 11066: 10845: 10807: 10710: 10542: 10218: 10185: 10159: 10064: 10030: 9990: 9927: 9838: 9773: 9406: 9380: 9154: 8916: 8824: 8781: 8551: 8481: 8182: 8146: 8074: 8048: 7943: 7854: 7828: 7799: 7773: 7744: 7708: 7631: 7605: 7594:

Martin, Rebecca G.; Livio, Mario (2015). "The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System".

7360: 7302: 7294: 7211: 7161: 7135: 7106: 7080: 6976: 6950: 6899: 6854: 6766: 6569: 6275: 6153: 6119: 6046: 5999: 5971: 5901: 5809: 5773: 5697: 5652: 5626: 5597: 5551: 5525: 5466: 5413: 5387: 5318: 5244: 5155: 5108: 4996: 4968: 4923: 4725: 4692: 4666: 4253: 4219: 3700: 3648: 3592: 3558: 3523: 3454: 3431: 3212:, which lies at the edge of the Local Bubble. The closest star-forming regions are the 3167: 3156: 2566: 2081: 1982: 1436: 1387: 1301: 1201:, planets between one and ten times as massive as the Earth, although the hypothetical 1096: 898: 890: 657: 507: 18916: 18879: 17935: 16365: 12950: 12343: 11552: 7795: 7731: 7696: 7627: 7157: 7102: 5266: 4858: 4809: 2004: 557:

There is a strong consensus among astronomers that the Solar System has at least nine

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Copernicus, Darwin, & Freud: revolutions in the history and philosophy of science

17071: 17012: 16967: 16803: 16791: 16667: 16657: 16450: 16317: 16305: 16265: 16242: 16195: 16183: 16131: 16119: 16111: 16071: 16067: 16052: 16040: 15968: 15913: 15848: 15784: 15773: 15724: 15388: 15351: 15333: 15214: 15202: 15129: 15117: 14953: 14941: 14890: 14789: 14781: 14742: 14561: 14549: 14541: 14493: 14481: 14378: 14331: 14313: 14146: 14081: 13897: 13769: 13733: 13688: 13679: 13642: 13567: 13445: 13435: 13339: 13329: 13106: 12851: 12785: 12709: 12701: 12558: 12533: 12351: 12319: 12046: 11988: 11904: 11835: 11784: 11727: 11702: 11692: 11669: 11331: 11319: 11143: 11131: 10849: 10811: 10714: 10546: 10534: 10189: 10056: 10018: 9599: 9458: 9410: 9366: 9309: 9125: 8920: 8908: 8828: 8773: 8677: 8543: 8499: 8473: 8339: 8329: 8217: 8207: 8078: 7958: 7926: 7899: 7803: 7748: 7736: 7697:"New extreme trans-Neptunian objects: Toward a super-Earth in the outer solar system" 7688: 7635: 7543: 7306: 7286: 7239: 7165: 7110: 7049: 7001: 6923: 6913: 6874: 6864: 6813: 6803: 6758: 6750: 6643: 6633: 6561: 6531: 6508: 6259: 6232: 6157: 5994: 5957: 5868: 5863: 5828: 5813: 5799: 5746: 5701: 5601: 5555: 5445: 5344: 5310: 5285: 5047: 5000: 4878: 4257: 4245: 4241: 4168: 3519: 3435: 3422: 3352: 3252: 3091: 3039:(a planet beyond Neptune) might exist, based on statistical variance in the orbit of 2934: 2581: 2575:(38.1–52.8 AU), although smaller than Pluto, is the largest known object in the 2486: 2432: 2265: 2215: 1923:(2.15–2.57 AU) is the third-largest object in the asteroid belt. It has its own 1914: 1786: 1755: 1698: 1465: 1383: 1290: 1205:, if it does exist, could be a super-Earth orbiting in the edge of the Solar System. 996: 665: 649: 630: 282: 22216: 18999: 17637: 17537: 16979: 16753: 16738: 16523: 16373: 16250: 15045: 14015: 13909: 13068: 12997: 12439: 12263: 12219:"Irregular Satellites of the Planets: Products of Capture in the Early Solar System" 12147: 11847: 11439: 11005: 10764:... There are many other asteroids that can come close to the orbital path of Ceres. 9777: 9093:"What are the characteristics of the Solar System that lead to the origins of life?" 8785: 8712:"MESSENGER Provides New Look at Mercury's Surprising Core and Landscape Curiosities" 8186: 7858: 6980: 6347:; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, E. I. (July 2002). "Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt". 6003: 5717:"Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" 5656: 5572:

Gough, D. O. (November 1981). "Solar Interior Structure and Luminosity Variations".

5417: 5322: 5159: 5112: 4696: 4271: 2554: 1549:(0.72–0.73 AU) has a reflective, whitish atmosphere that is mainly composed of 968: 956: 23057: 22881: 22559: 22512: 22462: 22450: 22428: 22423: 22350: 22310: 22257: 22039: 21962: 21937: 21831: 21752: 21476: 21437: 21094: 20719: 20698: 20533: 20526: 20030: 19834: 19824: 19717: 19692: 19102: 19072: 18923: 18797: 18637: 18502: 18319: 17782: 17730: 17667: 17583: 17521: 17517: 17294: 17201: 16957: 16947: 16908: 16896: 16783: 16726: 16601: 16511: 16420: 16361: 16297: 16238: 16175: 16103: 16030: 15980: 15960: 15899: 15838: 15744: 15712: 15635: 15592: 15529: 15464: 15400: 15380: 15363: 15321: 15194: 15107: 15033: 14931: 14777: 14730: 14691: 14531: 14471: 14370: 14321: 14305: 14226: 14132: 14067: 14001: 13944: 13889: 13865: 13805: 13760: 13741: 13725: 13708: 13674: 13553: 13398: 13246: 13202: 13167: 13056: 12985: 12920: 12908: 12869: 12839: 12721: 12693: 12666: 12570: 12550: 12472: 12455: 12427: 12382: 12339: 12251: 12196: 12058: 12038: 12000: 11980: 11963: 11827: 11776: 11665: 11548: 11474: 11427: 11380: 11311: 11294: 11162: 11123: 11086: 11001: 10966: 10837: 10828: 10797: 10700: 10692: 10611: 10524: 10470: 10453: 10426: 10354: 10321: 10271: 10236: 10177: 10132: 10115: 10068: 10048: 9765: 9591: 9562: 9398: 9371: 9042: 9021:

Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Smrekar, S. E.; Hess, P. C.; Parmentier, E. M. (March 2007).

8900: 8816: 8765: 8669: 8661: 8599: 8535: 8422: 8174: 8137: 8115: 8066: 7921: 7846: 7791: 7726: 7623: 7485: 7278: 7231: 7153: 7098: 7040:. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. Vol. 74. p. 83. 6972: 6968: 6846: 6770: 6742: 6725: 6606: 6589: 6573: 6553: 6536: 6384: 6366: 6349: 6344: 6254: 6145: 6137: 6056: 5989: 5919: 5858: 5848: 5791: 5736: 5689: 5644: 5589: 5543: 5405: 5302: 5262: 5147: 5127: 5098: 4986: 4933: 4805: 4743: 4684: 4278:. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. 7 September 2007. 4237: 3662: 3538: 3534: 3439: 3386: 3378: 3348: 3260: 3232: 3148: 2879: 2746: 2326: 2256:(18.3–20.1 AU), uniquely among the planets, orbits the Sun on its side as its 2089: 2050: 2024:, compared to the inner planets Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury at the bottom right 1944: 1906: 1557:

in the atmosphere. The planet lacks a protective magnetic field to protect against

1510: 1485: 1446: 1348: 1329: 1174: 1043: 1020: 936:, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. 889:

Astronomers sometimes divide the Solar System structure into separate regions. The

870: 673: 637: 511: 398: 166: 118: 16787: 15716: 15325: 14036:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J.; Kaib, Nathan (2019).

12091: 11831: 11796: 9063:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8847:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8070: 6031:

Aungwerojwit, Amornrat; Gänsicke, Boris T; Dhillon, Vikram S; et al. (2024).

4412: 3426:, which enabled accurate computations of the positions of the then-known planets. 3224:; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave. 2811:

The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the

1789:

have orbits that approach relatively close to Earth's orbit, and some of them are

22746: 22549: 22418: 22262: 22233: 22174: 22169: 22044: 21772: 21737: 21671: 21617: 21612: 21557: 21367: 21258: 20865: 20540: 20457: 20395: 20350: 20294: 19901: 19799: 19707: 19598: 19576: 19373: 19317: 19307: 19097: 19077: 19052: 19040: 18994: 18982: 18886: 18869: 18829: 18807: 18802: 18210: 17463: 17375: 17078: 16605: 15294: 14696: 14665: 14161: 13949: 13924: 13206: 13171: 13083: 12843: 12608: 12554: 12476: 12200: 12121: 12016:"Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites" 12015: 11431: 10430: 10181: 10100: 9897: 9725: 9714: 9402: 9062: 8846: 7573: 7537: 7535: 6895: 6721:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter" 6183: 4558: 4528: 4125: 4106: 3603: 3585: 3569: 3565: 3554: 3462: 3446: 3427: 3413: 3320: 2867: 2783: 2724: 2697: 2649: 2639: 2506: 2273: 2230: 2162: 2150: 2123: 2119: 2104: 2100: 1749: 1663: 1616: 1481: 1312:

galaxy. It has a higher abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium ("

1059: 853: 712: 468: 391: 343: 18370: 18336: 13701: 13185:

Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. A. (2008). "Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?".

11891: 8665: 5693: 3613:

in 2006, hence the demotion of Pluto to a dwarf planet, and further interest in

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Orbit classification of Kuiper belt objects. Some clusters that is subjected to

1464:

The four terrestrial or inner planets have dense, rocky compositions, few or no

22969: 22945: 22808: 22574: 22413: 22240: 22211: 22186: 22119: 21808: 21676: 21562: 21464: 21354: 21344: 21078: 20712: 20645: 20547: 19885: 19665: 19655: 19593: 19456: 19383: 19344: 19265: 19238: 19092: 18962: 18933: 18911: 18901: 18891: 18844: 17587: 16107: 16035: 15998: 15904: 15867: 15843: 15806: 15639: 15112: 15075: 14536: 14509: 14476: 14439: 14309: 14137: 14096: 14072: 14037: 14006: 13965: 13729: 11863:"Geology of the Icy Galilean Satellites: A Framework for Compositional Studies" 11159:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

10963:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

9305:

Radioecology: Sources and Consequences of Ionising Radiation in the Environment

9023:"Volcanism and volatile recycling on a one-plate planet: Applications to Venus" 8603: 6850: 6404: 5795: 4116: 4087: 3729: 3599: 3581: 3470: 3390: 3327: 3313: 3182: 3133: 2953: 2812: 2604: 2494: 2482: 2378: 2365: 2332:

Regular satellites, which have circular orbits that lie near Neptune's equator.

2303: 2295: 2287: 2280: 2234: 2207: 2203: 2115: 2073: 2054: 1962: 1934: 1745: 1671: 1647: 1600: 1554: 1550: 1489: 1469: 1317: 1255: 1190: 1089: 940: 834: 805: 774: 716: 402: 130: 17734: 17299: 16900: 16301: 16179: 15928: 15670:; Bibring, J. P.; Blanc, M.; Barucci, M. A.; Roques, F.; Zarka, P. H. (2004). 13966:"Discovery of a Satellite of the Large Trans-Neptunian Object (225088) 2007 OR 13343: 12810:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 10841: 10696: 10052: 9583: 9567: 9542: 8820: 8685: 7978: 7489: 6720: 6647: 6141: 6018:"Giant red stars may heat frozen worlds into habitable planets - NASA Science" 5103: 5078: 3453:

independently discovered that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it.

2987: 23103: 22760: 22554: 22517: 22485: 22360: 22069: 21892: 21863: 21841: 21459: 21432: 21409: 21310: 21158: 21013: 20770: 19984: 19964: 19544: 19277: 19260: 19081: 19004: 18967: 18938: 18928: 18896: 18874: 18854: 18817: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18009: 17913: 17739: 17679: 17213: 17205: 17127: 16971: 16795: 16425: 16388: 16268:; et al. (2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the solar neighborhood". 16115: 16044: 15929:"A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" 15852: 15534: 15469: 15347: 15145:"Our solar system may have a hidden planet beyond Neptune – no, not that one" 15121: 15076:"C/2014 UN 271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein): The Nearly Spherical Cow of Comets" 14945: 14545: 14485: 14382: 14317: 13737: 13449: 13110: 12705: 11706: 10538: 10241: 10060: 9819: 9735: 9603: 8912: 8777: 8620: 8547: 8343: 7740: 7692: 7290: 7243: 6903: 6878: 6754: 6625: 5924: 4938: 4909: 4882: 4748: 4249: 3804: 3800: 3721: 3507: 3466: 3297: 3256: 3025: 2942: 2878:, are thought to originate in the Oort cloud. Many comet groups, such as the 2591: 2561:, and rotates so quickly (once every 3.9 hours) that it is stretched into an 2558: 2516: 2336: 2291: 2269: 2241: 2211: 2188: 2173: 2131: 1924: 1898: 1820: 1809: 1704: 1693: 1687: 1639: 1620: 1562: 1441: 1379: 1336: 1321: 1267: 1004: 976:

orbiting. This animation is 100 times faster than the inner planet animation.

894: 786: 622: 551: 16962: 16671: 15927:

Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016).

14095:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (12 September 2018).

13925:"Surface composition of the largest dwarf planet 136199 Eris (2003 UB{313})" 13893: 13745: 12042: 11903:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 263–280. 11780: 11219: 11127: 10325: 9629: 8673: 8221: 6061: 6032: 5306: 4330: 4155: 3136:, which is about 4.4 light-years away and may be in the Local Bubble's 23081: 22820: 22445: 22440: 22340: 22223: 22206: 22164: 22134: 22124: 22059: 21942: 21887: 21868: 21848: 21826: 21818: 21661: 21654: 21493: 21414: 21397: 21263: 20726: 20705: 20062: 19839: 19794: 19451: 19334: 19228: 19168: 19151: 18977: 18955: 18906: 18864: 18849: 18834: 18700: 18659: 18624: 18019: 16697:

Reid, M. J.; Brunthaler, A. (2004). "The Proper Motion of Sagittarius A*".

16309: 16187: 16123: 15972: 15563:"No Evidence for Orbital Clustering in the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects" 15431:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 September 2021).

15392: 15206: 14576: 14335: 14038:"A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387" 13901: 13704:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit" 13611: 12713: 12562: 12386: 12050: 11992: 11839: 11809: 11788: 11385: 11346: 11323: 11135: 11035: 10743: 10474: 10136: 9987:"Are Kuiper Belt Objects asteroids? Are large Kuiper Belt Objects planets?" 8681: 8624: 8178: 6817: 6762: 6693: 6610: 6565: 6370: 5872: 5853: 5750: 5314: 4991: 4954: 4099: 3482: 3474: 3458: 3450: 3398: 3201: 3171: 3141: 2544: 2510: 2452: 2427: 2322: 2299: 2226: 2192: 2108: 2096: 1999: 1974: 1927: 1894: 1520: 1170: 1108: 973: 961: 873:, returning some of the material that formed the Sun—but now enriched with 723: 558: 484: 439: 360: 293: 213: 90: 18246: 18045:"NASA planning to spend up to $ 1 billion on space station deorbit module" 17636:

Bhatnagar, Siddharth; Vyasanakere, Jayanth P.; Murthy, Jayant (May 2021).

17107: 16952: 14968:"ESA scientist discovers a way to shortlist stars that might have planets" 13429: 10395: 9915:

surface from Stickney appear to be surface fractures caused by the impact.

8319: 6927: 5212:

Irvine, W. M. (1983). "The chemical composition of the pre-solar nebula".

5040: 4910:"On the local and global properties of gravitational spheres of influence" 4712:"Past the outer rim, into the unknown: structures beyond the Kuiper Cliff" 3181:

The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider

1039:, but the planetary system can change chaotically over billions of years. 46: 22736: 22408: 22400: 22390: 22370: 22345: 22274: 22196: 21952: 21927: 21922: 21836: 21796: 21757: 21722: 21705: 21700: 21372: 21211: 21101: 20793: 20103: 20097: 19880: 19868: 19863: 19814: 19789: 19759: 19754: 19702: 19697: 19522: 19436: 19395: 19356: 19233: 19064: 18987: 18950: 18839: 17900:

Corum, Jonathan; Gröndahl, Mika; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya (13 July 2015).

16713: 16651: 16498: 15997:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (20 November 2019).

15597: 15562: 15020: 14936: 14911: 14350: 13558: 13533: 13043: 12972: 12895: 12641: 12414: 12238: 11167: 10971: 10802: 10777: 10615: 9595: 9145: 9047: 9022: 8769: 8539: 8427: 8400: 8314:

Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney C.; et al. (2022) .

8201: 8151: 7833: 6955: 6280: 5648: 5530: 5392: 4671: 3725: 3602:

in the 1960s and 1970s and will return to the Moon in the 2020s with the

3417: 3382: 3175: 3170:

exist in the region within 300 light-years of the Sun, known as the

3071: 3036: 3029: 3004: 2978: 2904: 2843: 2791: 2775: 2732: 2688: 2687:(red, brown and cyan) along with the predicted orbit of the hypothetical 2672: 2527:

of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other").

2498: 2420: 2410: 2374: 2222: 2134:. They are the largest moons of Jupiter and exhibit planetary properties. 1872: 1845: 1686:

internal structure, and lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago.

1675: 1608: 1501: 1371: 1340: 1313: 1259: 1234: 1202: 1198: 1135:

along with that of the other terrestrial planets would be smaller than a

1120: 902: 874: 866: 790: 645: 626: 488: 380: 17317: 17285:. Vol. 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–26. 16072:"Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble" 15964: 15384: 13641:

Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25 April 2016).

12697: 11984: 11315: 10705: 9341: 8555: 7409:"Luleå är Sedna. I alla fall om vår sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm" 6797: 6746: 6557: 5741: 5716: 5631: 4498: 4442: 1591:, which is the result of the presence of life. The planet has a complex 1003:

direction, matching the direction of planetary rotation; Neptune's moon

22957: 22320: 22017: 21990: 21967: 21947: 21932: 21784: 21688: 21666: 21644: 21639: 21503: 20763: 20740: 20220: 20122: 20069: 19809: 19388: 18972: 18167:

was created from a revision of this article dated 31 May 2021

17934:

McCartney, Gretchen; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (7 September 2018).

17871:"NASA's Parker Solar Probe becomes first spacecraft to 'touch' the sun" 17671: 17529: 17459: 17455: 17371: 17182:"Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow" 15232: 14734: 13534:"Let It Go: Geophysically Driven Ejection of the Haumea Family Members" 12735: 9870: 9748:

Nimmo, Francis; Tanaka, Ken (2005). "Early Crustal Evolution of Mars".

9187:. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Archived from 6149: 5593: 3515: 3473:

of a planet (more ideally using the transit of Venus) could be used to

3301: 3282: 3190: 3063: 3021: 3016: 2996: 2919: 2762: 2676: 2524: 2502: 2257: 2038: 1910: 1643: 1635: 1604: 1536: 1524: 1493: 1352: 1305: 1247: 1243: 1155: 1025: 948:, and it lies at roughly five times the Earth's distance from the Sun. 801: 676:, is 4.25 light-years (269,000 AU) away. Both stars belong to the 661: 641: 124: 22831: 17753:"50th Anniversary of OAO 2: NASA's 1st Successful Stellar Observatory" 17713:

Clemence, G. M. (1947). "The Relativity Effect in Planetary Motions".

15866:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (November 2019).

15495: 15430: 14553: 14374: 14094: 13250: 11345:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (21 May 2017).

11344: 11198: 9539: 7298: 7235: 5017: 4709: 3265: 3003:

of the Solar System, including a depiction of the much further inside

2339:, is Neptune's largest moon. It is geologically active, with erupting 2045:, as in chemical compounds with melting points of up to a few hundred 1316:" in astronomical parlance) than the older population II stars in the 1216:. Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the 22908: 22886: 22507: 22355: 22139: 22104: 22099: 22094: 22054: 22007: 21997: 21791: 21767: 21742: 21649: 21600: 21533: 21523: 21498: 21471: 21447: 21382: 21228: 21171: 21123: 20858: 20185: 20083: 20076: 19505: 19471: 19302: 19223: 19146: 19141: 19112: 18859: 18812: 18681: 18664: 18049: 16162: 15496:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 May 2022).

15198: 10503:

Tedesco, Edward F.; Cellino, Alberto; Zappalá, Vincenzo (June 2005).

8904: 4825:"NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space" 3749: 3553:, a planet interior of Mercury, but these attempts were quashed with 3344: 3290: 3274: 3194: 3152: 3145: 2896: 2821: 2712: 2562: 2184: 2127: 2034: 1837: 1770: 1766: 1612: 1497: 1477: 1309: 1294: 1286: 1119:, 40 km (25 mi) away, whereas the farthest current object, 1112: 858: 739: 677: 614: 539: 527: 100: 19107: 17988:"Parker Solar Probe Changed the Game Before it Even Launched - NASA" 14506: 6106:

Gesicki, K.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Miller Bertolami, M. M. (7 May 2018).

5151: 4472: 2707:

This population is divided into three subgroups by astronomers. The

2519:, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a 1783:

are those that cross the orbit of Venus. There are 2,809 as of 2015.

1496:

substantial enough to generate weather; all have impact craters and

1046:

of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and

22500: 22201: 21875: 21634: 21607: 21184: 21145: 20136: 19974: 19441: 19297: 19282: 19023: 18730: 18578: 18226: 17654: 16770: 16730: 16515: 16407: 16348: 16284: 16225: 16090: 16017: 15947: 15886: 15825: 15699: 15622: 15579: 15516: 15451: 15308: 15094: 15037: 14458: 14119: 14054: 13988: 13661: 13154: 12989: 12912: 12526:"Triton's Geyser-Like Plumes: Discovery and Basic Characterization" 12431: 11899:. In Fran Bagenal; Timothy E. Dowling; William B. McKinnon (eds.). 11528: 11479: 11454: 11367: 10529: 10504: 10223: 10035: 9385: 8486: 8325: 8120: 8093: 8053: 7850: 7778: 7713: 7610: 7282: 6124: 6051: 5906: 5547: 5409: 4928: 4730: 4688: 3514:

The term "Solar System" entered the English language by 1704, when

2738:

Currently, there is one ETNO that is classified as a dwarf planet:

2572: 1943:

are bodies located in within another body's gravitationally stable

1920: 1833: 1720: 1584: 1415: 1411: 1344: 1325: 1031: 981: 933: 602: 582: 247: 22918: 16883: 16588: 16551: 16138: 15433:"Peculiar orbits and asymmetries in extreme trans-Neptunian space" 12680: 11414: 10164: 9020: 7140: 7085: 5976: 5778: 5249: 5180:"Lecture 13: The Nebular Theory of the origin of the Solar System" 4973: 4908:

Souami, D; Cresson, J; Biernacki, C; Pierret, F (21 August 2020).

4777: 4224: 3591:

accelerating when flyby planets in the outer Solar System and the

2778:, a region of space dominated by the Sun, has its boundary at the 2343:

of nitrogen gas, and possesses a thin, cloudy nitrogen atmosphere.

1124: 22775: 22250: 22012: 21779: 21732: 21715: 21710: 21629: 19378: 19366: 19292: 18691: 18669: 18544: 18529: 17566:

Bourtembourg, René (2013). "Was Uranus Observed by Hipparchos?".

15926: 15073: 14437: 14409:"Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of Our Solar System" 13963: 11251:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 273–287. 10670:"The violent collisional history of aqueously evolved (2) Pallas" 9818:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9734:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9265: 8401:"Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations" 5670:

Chrysostomou, A.; Lucas, P. W. (2005). "The Formation of Stars".

5465:

Nagasawa, M.; Thommes, E. W.; Kenyon, S. J.; et al. (2007).

5214:

Cometary exploration; Proceedings of the International Conference

4710:

de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (January 2024).

3542: 3457:

followed on from these observations by discovering Saturn's moon

3312:. The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the 3137: 3125: 2965:, and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt. 2913:

The planets, zodiacal light and meteor shower (top left of image)

2750: 2728: 2490: 2316: 2169: 2063: 2021: 2009: 1888: 1868: 1829: 1679: 1596: 1592: 1531:. In the past, Mercury was volcanically active, producing smooth 1016: 901:

includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the bodies in the

547: 531: 351: 201: 186: 21257: 18404: 18251: 13703: 12171: 11758: 11246: 10862: 10015: 8037: 6845: 6339: 6030: 5715:

Gomes, R.; Levison, H. F.; Tsiganis, K.; Morbidelli, A. (2005).

3343:

on Earth. Spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of

3339:

The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the

1879:

material such as water are erupted onto the surface, as seen in

1492:. Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth, and Mars) have 848:

The current Sun compared to its peak size in the red-giant phase

844: 22896: 22765: 22753: 21972: 21858: 21032: 20888: 19819: 19016: 19011: 18725: 18720: 18686: 18674: 18619: 18571: 18564: 18539: 18534: 18413: 16270: 16148: 16076: 15933: 12629: 11643: 11641: 11529:"Further investigations of random models of Uranus and Neptune" 11522: 11520: 10824: 10300: 6105: 3703: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System 3530: 3058:. Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and 2938: 2926: 2882:, formed from the breakup of a single parent. Some comets with 2587: 2550: 2340: 2251: 2144: 2085: 2046: 2017: 2013: 1902: 1864: 1848:, a precursor stage before becoming a fully-formed planet (see 1738: 1588: 1539:

particles and ejected atoms. Mercury has no natural satellites.

1532: 1528: 1356: 1347:, the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a 1251: 1100: 578: 574: 550:). All terrestrial planets have solid surfaces. Inversely, all 543: 535: 503: 242: 237: 196: 191: 20962: 18101:"A Wild 'Interstellar Probe' Mission Idea Is Gaining Momentum" 17044:

Rufus, W. C. (1923). "The astronomical system of Copernicus".

15803: 15356:"A Sedna-like Body with a Perihelion of 80 Astronomical Units" 10775: 10202: 7536:

Robert T. Pappalardo; William B. McKinnon; K. Khurana (2009).

6295: 6293: 6291: 5714: 4529:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 225088 Gonggong (2007 OR10)" 4362:"HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)" 2870:: a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye. 19136: 18715: 18647: 18642: 18557: 18512: 18507: 18261: 16330: 15684: 14997:

Landgraf, M.; Liou, J.-C.; Zook, H. A.; Grün, E. (May 2002).

14282: 13758: 13082:

Dotto, E.; Barucci, M. A.; Fulchignoni, M. (1 January 2003).

11892:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C.; Porco, Carolyn (2004).

11617:

NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology

10446:"The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt" 6863:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 6802:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 82. 5337:"3. Present Understanding of the Origin of Planetary Systems" 4907: 4075: 3573: 3478: 3007:(inset); the sizes of objects are over-scaled for visibility. 2838: 2476: 2180: 1570: 1544: 1516: 1454: 1450: 1394:. The largest stable structure within the heliosphere is the 1092:, but ongoing discoveries have invalidated these hypotheses. 699: 606: 570: 519: 515: 460: 304: 232: 176: 171: 20154: 18256: 17899: 14909: 11638: 11527:

Podolak, M.; Podolak, J. I.; Marley, M. S. (February 2000).

11517: 5827:

Malhotra, R.; Holman, Matthew; Ito, Takashi (October 2001).

5464: 3606:. Discoveries in the 20th and 21st century has prompted the 3595:

decelerating closer towards the Sun after flyby with Venus.

3308:

in the direction of the current location of the bright star

2029:

extremely low melting points, such as hydrogen, helium, and

1575:(0.98–1.02 AU) is the only place in the universe where 1029:, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its 893:

includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the bodies in the

660:. The outermost region of the Solar System is the theorized 22114: 21333: 18768: 18652: 18517: 17940: 16621:"Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year)" 15666: 14586: 13531: 13477:"IAUC 8812: Sats OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637),, (90482)" 12519: 10391: 8471: 7509: 6623: 6410: 6288: 4301: 3681:

List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

3309: 2930: 2684: 2261: 2030: 1733:

Asteroids except for the largest, Ceres, are classified as

1657: 1631: 1576: 1458: 1332:

because the planets formed from the accretion of "metals".

1136: 523: 181: 23076: 22815: 17635: 15920: 14035: 13922: 12446: 12014:

Porco, C. C.; Baker, E.; Barbara, J.; et al. (2005).

10667: 10589: 10149: 8958:(PhD thesis). Southwest Research Institute. Archived from 8798: 8580: 4859:"Gravitational Spheres of the Major Planets, Moon and Sun" 3293:

population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane.

3035:

As of the 2020s, a few astronomers have hypothesized that

2723:

by Neptune and still interact with the giant planets. The

2161:

capable of producing weak auroras. As of 2024, Saturn has

927:

The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a

22480: 21058: 20330: 18497: 17112:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12, 27. 16751: 16263: 16144: 15503:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

13025: 12216: 11156: 10960: 10668:

Marsset, M.; Brož, M.; Vernazza, P.; et al. (2020).

10416: 10210:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

6997:

Introduction to the Maths and Physics of the Solar System

6940: 6663:"Planet found orbiting its star backwards for first time" 6033:"Long-term variability in debris transiting white dwarfs" 5476:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 639–654. 4717:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

4446: 3449:

publicized the use of the telescope in astronomy; he and

2863: 1229: 707:, out of which Earth and other Solar System bodies formed 652:

from the Sun, the solar wind is halted, resulting in the

456: 152: 53: 21302: 17841:"Hayabusa 2 probe begins journey to land on an asteroid" 17810:"This Is What It Sounded Like When We Landed on a Comet" 17109:

Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy

16208: 14758:"Meteorite and meteoroid: new comprehensive definitions" 14101:

as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects"

11960: 10760:

Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid

9963:. International Astronomical Union. 2006. Archived from 9243:"What Percentage of the Earth's Land Surface is Desert?" 8313: 4606:. Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from 4335:

The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center

2815:

of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as

2072:, with giant storms swirling on the surface such as the 1729:

Overview of the inner Solar System up to Jupiter's orbit

808:

between planetisimals and the gas giants caused each to

18237:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 157–158. 16539:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi

16537:

Gerhard, O. (2011). "Pattern speeds in the Milky Way".

16065: 15291: 13081: 10592:"Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas: Protoplanets, Not Asteroids" 10443: 10112: 9365: 8891:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 473–477. 8876:

Lebonnois, Sebastien; Schubert, Gerald (26 June 2017).

8736: 7434: 17414:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 3–16. 17342: 15996: 15865: 14756:

Rubin, Alan E.; Grossman, Jeffrey N. (February 2010).

14510:"A Three-dimensional Map of the Heliosphere from IBEX" 13431:

Dawn of Small Worlds: Dwarf planets, asteroids, comets

13091:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplementi

13084:"Beyond Neptune, the new frontier of the Solar System" 12948: 12807: 12497:. Carnegie Institution for Science. 23 February 2024. 11647: 11583:

Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

11526: 9203: 4955:"Two estimates of the distance to the Galactic Centre" 4654: 4150:

For more classifications of Solar System objects, see

3174:. The latter feature is an hourglass-shaped cavity or 3090:, with the different regions and their distances on a 3048:

dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars

1666:

in Martian soil, and the polar regions are covered in

1619:

that formed the continental masses. Earth's planetary

1599:

system, with conditions differing drastically between

1051:

with a possibly significant contribution from comets.

23029: 16386: 13138: 12358: 11291: 11161:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10965:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10502: 10355:"NEO Basics – Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)" 9513:. In Richard D. Johnson & Charles Holbrow (ed.). 9511:"Chapter 5, Appendix J: Impact Upon Lunar Atmosphere" 8986:"Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus" 7816: 6083:. Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 5012: 5010: 4053: 4026: 3999: 3972: 3815: 3785: 3385:, astronomers from Europe to India believed Earth to 3243:

of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System.

3112:

List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups

1488:—and metals such as iron and nickel which form their 1180: 502:

The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight

17936:"Legacy of NASA's Dawn, Near the End of its Mission" 17933: 17406:

Festou, M. C.; Keller, H. U.; Weaver, H. A. (2004).

15660: 14996: 13858: 13640: 12868: 12452: 12399: 10996: 10994: 9150:"Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted" 7353:"The Thousand-Yard Model: or, Earth as a Peppercorn" 7328:. Ask Astro. Vol. 30, no. 10. p. 70. 7123: 6894: 6497:

Weissman, Paul Robert; Johnson, Torrence V. (2007).

5955: 3624: 3580:). To save on fuel, some space missions make use of 3140:. Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of 2272:

and erratic cloud formation. As of 2024, Uranus has

1973:

The outer region of the Solar System is home to the

1793:

because they might collide with Earth in the future.

1701:

that is roughly 4.5 km (2.8 mi) in radius.

1583:

are known to exist. Earth's atmosphere contains 78%

1406:

The inner Solar System is the region comprising the

636:

The Solar System is constantly flooded by the Sun's

17283:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

16653:

Classical Mechanics: Point particles and relativity

16380: 15611: 10865:"Dawn Data Reveal Ceres' Complex Crustal Evolution" 10444:Petit, J.-M.; Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J. (2001). 9486:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 9210:Carlowicz, Michael; Simmon, Robert (15 July 2019). 8615: 8613: 8094:"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters" 6461: 6459: 5467:"The Diverse Origins of Terrestrial-Planet Systems" 5083:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

3319:The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the 2766:

Diagram of the Sun's magnetosphere and helioshealth

1603:. The solid surface of Earth is dominated by green 1343:, which spans much of the Solar System. Along with 944:volatile substances could coalesce is known as the 61:(true color, size to scale, distances not to scale) 20978: 17405: 17343: 15775:Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System 15404: 13213: 12483: 11393: 10634: 10019:"The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System" 8472:Del Genio, Anthony D.; Brain, David; Noack, Lena; 7942: 7459: 6719:Agnor, Craig B.; Hamilton, Douglas P. (May 2006). 5956:Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert (May 2008). 5007: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4209: 4066: 4039: 4012: 3985: 3956: 3791: 3155:was found to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called 2968: 2656: 2389:Beyond the orbit of Neptune lies the area of the " 1758:, that is, asteroids that orbit larger asteroids. 999:. Most of the larger moons orbit their planets in 21012: 20994: 17468:. New York: Random House. pp. 26–27, 37–38. 17277:Chapman, Allan (April 2005). 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Halley's friend 3332: 3041:extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2969:Boundary area and uncertainties 2952:, which is visible as the hazy 2657:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2043:'ice' in the astronomical sense 1678:, and has a rich collection of 1615:. Earth's surface is shaped by 1472:. They are composed largely of 1359:, dusty atmosphere, called the 1142: 1011:To a good first approximation, 483:of hydrogen into helium at its 27:The Sun and objects orbiting it 21100:2 (5?) planets: 17522:10.1080/0025570X.2003.11953207 17180:Pasachoff, Jay M. (May 2015). 16834:Mullen, Leslie (18 May 2001). 13373:"MPEC 2004-D15 : 2004 DW" 12491:"New Uranus and Neptune Moons" 12324:Reports on Progress in Physics 11036:"A look into Vesta's interior" 8200:Kallenrode, May-Britt (2004). 7383:"Tours of Model Solar Systems" 6973:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.581 5077:Standish, E. M. 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There are a vast number of 32:Solar System (disambiguation) 23009:Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar 21155:1? planets: b? 21033:Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris) 18216:Resources in other libraries 16758:Astronomy & Astrophysics 16606:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.03.020 15687:Astronomy & Astrophysics 14675:Astronomy & Astrophysics 14582:Astronomy Picture of the Day 14210:Astronomy & Astrophysics 13428:Moltenbrey, Michael (2016). 13207:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.020 13172:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116017 12844:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037 12555:10.1126/science.250.4979.410 12477:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.005 12201:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.038 11670:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5 11610:"Formation of Giant Planets" 11432:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.016 10419:Astronomy & Astrophysics 10182:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.031 9478:Norman, M. (21 April 2004). 9403:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768 9241:Cain, Fraser (1 June 2010). 8041:Astronomy & Astrophysics 6385:"The Sun's Vital Statistics" 4629:Hurt, R. 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Vol. 1. p. 3. 4780:Advances in Space Research 4242:10.1088/0004-6256/148/5/91 4100:naming guidelines document 4040:{\displaystyle \beta _{e}} 3986:{\displaystyle \beta _{g}} 3801:north pole of the ecliptic 3671:Interplanetary spaceflight 3401:reordering of the cosmos, 3362: 3250: 3218:Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex 3108:List of nearest exoplanets 3101: 3032:exerted by the Milky Way. 2972: 2894: 2836: 2660: 2602: 2408: 2353: 2159:Saturn has a magnetosphere 1997: 1763:Mercury-crossing asteroids 1718: 1500:surface features, such as 1434: 1396:heliospheric current sheet 1275:G2-type main-sequence star 1227: 1146: 916: 907:the objects beyond Neptune 687: 619:interplanetary dust clouds 29: 22996: 22926: 22915: 22869: 22799: 22724: 22573: 22471: 22399: 22298: 22155: 22030: 21908: 21817: 21553: 21544: 21423: 21353: 21340: 21332: 21253: 21238:T-type brown dwarf B 21206: 21122: 21049: 21023: 21008: 20993: 20974: 20898: 20690: 20667:Large Binocular Telescope 20632:Extremely Large Telescope 20625:Extremely large telescope 20598: 20481: 20421: 20342: 20304: 20265: 20258: 20192: 20043:Earth sciences portal 20002: 19957: 19894: 19765:Interplanetary dust cloud 19644: 19480: 19410: 19121: 19063: 18756: 18609: 18451: 18211:Resources in your library 17735:10.1103/RevModPhys.19.361 17715:Reviews of Modern Physics 17351:Oxford English Dictionary 17300:10.1017/S1743921305001225 17106:LoLordo, Antonia (2007). 17069:Weinert, Friedel (2009). 16901:10.1017/S147355040999005X 16700:The Astrophysical Journal 16485:The Astrophysical Journal 16443:Lang, Kenneth R. 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Stanford Solar Center. 6142:10.1038/s41550-018-0453-9 5379:The Astrophysical Journal 5237:The Astrophysical Journal 5186:. University of Arizona. 5104:10.1017/S1743921305001365 4604:interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov 4563:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4533:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4503:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4112:Oxford English Dictionary 4096:astronomical nomenclature 3799:is the angle between the 3608:redefinition of the term 3547:Mercury's orbital anomaly 3359:Discovery and exploration 2901:Interplanetary dust cloud 2856:small Solar System bodies 2832: 2828:Miscellaneous populations 2543:. It has one known moon, 2210:(trojans of Tethys), and 2037:. Uranus and Neptune are 1735:small Solar System bodies 1264:electromagnetic radiation 1117:Stockholm Arlanda Airport 951: 929:G-type main-sequence star 599:small Solar System bodies 497:G-type main-sequence star 467:when a dense region of a 434: 424: 412: 397: 389: 379: 369: 359: 342: 330: 318: 313: 302: 291: 280: 211: 158: 148: 143: 110: 75: 67: 44: 22940:Gravity Discovery Centre 22902:Eise Eisinga Planetarium 22669:With multiple exoplanets 20639:Gran Telescopio Canarias 20056:Local Interstellar Cloud 18774:other near-Earth objects 17380:. R. Taylor. p. 8. 17206:10.1177/0021828615585493 16650:Greiner, Walter (2004). 16036:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15905:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15844:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9120 15113:10.3847/2041-8213/ac32d3 15007:The Astronomical Journal 14664:Królikowska, M. 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The 3707: 3582:gravity assist maneuvers 3537:successfully measured a 3164:Local Interstellar Cloud 3122:Local Interstellar Cloud 3070:from the Sun. The Sun's 2721:gravitational scattering 2163:146 confirmed satellites 1781:Venus-crossing asteroids 806:gravitational encounters 85:Local Interstellar Cloud 71:4.568 billion years 21455:Asymptotic giant branch 21079:α Cen (Rigil Kentaurus) 20734:Astrology and astronomy 20444:Gravitational radiation 20019:Solar System portal 19745:Giant-impact hypothesis 19352:Trans-Neptunian objects 18234:Encyclopædia Britannica 17394:Posthumous publication. 17356:Oxford University Press 16780:2019A&A...625L..10G 15771:Littmann, Mark (2004). 15709:2019A&A...629A.139T 15652:: CS1 maint: bibcode ( 14774:2010M&PS...45..114R 14688:2001A&A...376..316K 14223:2000A&A...357..268F 13941:2007A&A...471..331D 13894:10.1126/science.1139415 13053:2003EM&P...92..113B 12248:2007ARA&A..45..261J 12043:10.1126/science.1108056 11781:10.1126/science.1110422 11662:1995P&SS...43.1517P 11545:2000P&SS...48..143P 11128:10.1126/science.1223272 11083:1997M&PS...32..841T 11040:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 10326:10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdn4.33 10045:2017A&ARv..25....5S 9724:6 November 2015 at the 9584:"How Mars got its rust" 9480:"The Oldest Moon Rocks" 9455:Oxford University Press 9424:"The Smell of Moondust" 8596:2009E&PSL.285..283W 8528:The Mathematics Teacher 8063:2022A&A...660A.131M 7918:2000A&G....41a..12W 6965:2001ARA&A..39..581L 6849:; Olenick, Richard P.; 6251:2000A&G....41a..12W 5307:10.1126/science.1101979 4331:"Latest Published Data" 4124:27 January 2008 at the 3615:trans-Neptunian objects 3430:used them to predict a 3325:supermassive black hole 3235:, which approached to ~ 3206:Ursa Major moving group 3079:to be 230,000 AU. 2758:Edge of the heliosphere 2683:(pink), and other very 2395:tilted toward the plane 2327:16 confirmed satellites 2274:28 confirmed satellites 2090:95 confirmed satellites 2070:atmospheric circulation 1797:Mars-crossing asteroids 1688:Mars has two tiny moons 1304:, having formed in the 1086:Johannes Kepler's model 885:General characteristics 839:eventually be disrupted 783:hydrostatic equilibrium 694: 684:Formation and evolution 283:natural satellites 22791:Tidal disruption event 22280:Circumstellar envelope 21514:Luminous blue variable 20653:Hubble Space Telescope 19907:Possible dwarf planets 19750:Gravitational collapse 19688:Circumstellar envelope 18493: 18153: 18129:Listen to this article 17005:Orrell, David (2012). 16426:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 15561:Napier, K. J. (2021). 15535:10.1093/mnrasl/slac012 15470:10.1093/mnras/stab1756 14160:Jewitt, David (2004). 13804:Jewitt, David (2005). 12387:10.1006/icar.1996.5568 12124:. NASA. January 2024. 10475:10.1006/icar.2001.6702 10242:10.1093/mnrasl/slac089 10137:10.1006/icar.2000.6520 9674:Noever, David (2004). 9517:. NASA. Archived from 9449:Melosh, H. J. (1989). 9216:NASA Earth Observatory 8714:. NASA. Archived from 8478:Planetary Astrobiology 8179:10.1006/icar.2001.6607 7875:. NASA. Archived from 7441:NASA Educator Features 7351:Ottewell, Guy (1989). 6630:The Cosmic Perspective 6611:10.1006/icar.1996.5637 6440:. NASA. Archived from 6371:10.1006/icar.2002.6837 5925:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 5854:10.1073/pnas.231384098 5442:The cosmic perspective 4939:10.1093/mnras/staa1520 4749:10.1093/mnrasl/slad132 4631:"The Milky Way Galaxy" 4302:"Solar System Objects" 4068: 4041: 4014: 3987: 3958: 3793: 3511: 3420:, Kepler produced the 3374: 3270: 3222:Taurus molecular cloud 3129: 3098:Celestial neighborhood 3094: 3066:, have aphelia around 3008: 2975:Planets beyond Neptune 2914: 2851: 2788:local standard of rest 2767: 2692: 2671:The current orbits of 2614: 2436: 2424: 2391:trans-Neptunian region 2385:Trans-Neptunian region 2366:scattered disc objects 2165:, grouped as follows: 2025: 1841: 1730: 1699:Stickney impact crater 1461: 1376:coronal mass ejections 1239: 1223: 1194: 1064: 977: 965: 849: 821:of the inner planets. 819:Late Heavy Bombardment 708: 22877:Antikythera mechanism 22316:Effective temperature 21172:Gliese 65 A (BL Ceti) 20757:Astroparticle physics 20492:Australian Aboriginal 20116:Laniakea Supercluster 19733:Sample-return mission 18492: 18152: 16953:10.4202/app.2011.0058 16840:Astrobiology Magazine 16619:Leong, Stacy (2002). 15348:Trujillo, Chadwick A. 15231:Arnett, Bill (2006). 14290:Space Science Reviews 13509:. 17 September 2008. 12092:"The moons of Saturn" 11010:The Planetary Society 10103:Retrieved 30 May 2012 9509:Globus, Ruth (1977). 8984:Rincon, Paul (1999). 8801:Space Science Reviews 8285:"The Sun Does a Flip" 7898:Woolfson, M. (2000). 7572:15 April 2023 at the 6624:Bennett, Jeffrey O.; 6231:Woolfson, M. (2000). 6062:10.1093/mnras/stae750 4069: 4042: 4015: 3993:= 27° 07′ 42.01″ and 3988: 3959: 3794: 3792:{\displaystyle \psi } 3505: 3488:Principia Mathematica 3485:, in his magisterial 3461:and the shape of the 3445:In the 17th century, 3372: 3268: 3119: 3085: 2990: 2912: 2846: 2817:solar magnetic fields 2782:. Based on the Sun's 2765: 2753:is named after Sedna. 2670: 2612: 2430: 2418: 2155:hexagon-shaped storms 2080:, enough to redirect 2007: 1895:Vesta asteroid family 1823: 1728: 1625:atmospheric stripping 1529:impact event remnants 1444: 1414:. Composed mainly of 1361:interplanetary medium 1279:effective temperature 1237: 1188: 1062: 971: 959: 917:Further information: 847: 831:gravitationally bound 815:grand tack hypothesis 702: 670:2,000–200,000 AU 459:and the objects that 453:gravitationally bound 408:~60°, to the ecliptic 22786:Planet-hosting stars 22664:With resolved images 22635:Historical brightest 22565:Photometric-standard 22491:Solar radio emission 22285:Eddington luminosity 22065:Triple-alpha process 22003:Thorne–Żytkow object 21378:Young stellar object 21097:(4.2465 ± 0.0003 ly) 21095:C (Proxima Centauri) 20749:Astronomers Monument 20681:Very Large Telescope 20228:Astronomical symbols 20031:Astronomy portal 19932:Solar System objects 19678:Circumplanetary disk 18228:"Solar System" 18184:More spoken articles 17877:. 14 December 2021. 17510:Mathematics Magazine 16625:The Physics Factbook 14937:10.1029/2020JE006509 14614:. 19 December 2019. 14415:. 19 November 2009. 14242:See Figures 1 and 2. 14170:University of Hawaii 13810:University of Hawaii 12150:. NASA. January 2024 11873:on 30 September 2007 11386:10.1093/mnras/stx197 11168:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10972:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10803:10.1002/2017JE005302 10616:10.1029/2006EO100002 10099:3 March 2016 at the 9713:20 July 2014 at the 9596:10.1038/news040503-6 9048:10.1029/2006JE002793 8770:10.1029/2012JE004161 8540:10.5951/MT.92.9.0786 8443:"Inner Solar System" 8428:10.1029/2001JA000299 8399:Riley, Pete (2002). 8316:"15.4 Space weather" 7437:"Solar System Scale" 7181:"Neptune Fact Sheet" 6847:Frautschi, Steven C. 6468:"Jupiter Fact Sheet" 6206:"Kuiper Belt: Facts" 5673:Contemporary Physics 5649:10.1029/2003JA009997 5089:(IAUC196): 163–179. 4992:10.1093/mnras/stu631 4105:25 July 2021 at the 4051: 4047:= 66° 33′ 38.6″ and 4024: 3997: 3970: 3813: 3783: 3397:had speculated on a 3395:Aristarchus of Samos 3279:barred spiral galaxy 2495:Pluto has five moons 1881:surface bright spots 1787:Near-Earth asteroids 1775:594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim 1682:. Mars has a highly 1581:surface liquid water 1214:orbital eccentricity 1167:zone of habitability 1055:Distances and scales 1019:with the Sun at one 986:synchronous rotation 775:thermonuclear fusion 477:balanced equilibrium 135: (4.36 ly) 30:For other uses, see 22988:Sweden Solar System 22984:(Somerset, England) 22982:Somerset Space Walk 22952:Monument to the Sun 22948:(Hvidovre, Denmark) 22942:(Gingin, Australia) 22863:Solar System models 22610:Highest temperature 22381:Color–color diagram 22246:Protoplanetary disk 22050:Proton–proton chain 21728:Chemically peculiar 20963: 20822:List of astronomers 20235:Astronomical object 20130:Observable universe 19927:Solar System models 19857:Protoplanetary disk 19780:Interstellar medium 19740:Frost/Ice/Snow line 17820:on 23 November 2014 17727:1947RvMP...19..361C 17664:2021AmJPh..89..454B 17580:2013JHA....44..377B 17420:2004come.book....3F 17354:(Online ed.). 17291:2005tvnv.conf....3C 17198:2015JHA....46..218P 17167:1996AAS...189.2404A 17056:1923PA.....31..510R 16893:2009IJAsB...8..213B 16723:2004ApJ...616..872R 16598:2008Icar..197..221K 16561:2011MSAIS..18..185G 16508:2001ApJ...556..181D 16417:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 16358:2015ApJ...800L..17M 16294:2020Natur.578..237A 16235:2015ApJ...814...13M 16172:2020Natur.578..237A 16100:2022Natur.601..334Z 16066:Zucker, Catherine; 16027:2019ApJ...886...41L 15965:10.1038/nature19106 15957:2016Natur.536..437A 15896:2019ApJ...886...41L 15835:2022ApJ...937L..32S 15632:2024NatAs.tmp..211P 15589:2021PSJ.....2...59N 15526:2022MNRAS.512L...6D 15461:2021MNRAS.506..633D 15412:on 16 December 2014 15385:10.1038/nature13156 15377:2014Natur.507..471T 15318:2019PhR...805....1B 15191:2001Natur.409..589S 15104:2021ApJ...921L..37B 15030:2002AJ....123.2857L 14928:2021JGRE..12606509J 14856:National Geographic 14727:1992CeMDA..54....1W 14651:2001PAICz..89...78S 14528:2021ApJS..254...40R 14468:2021ApJ...923..179K 14367:1993JGR....9815157B 14302:2023SSRv..219...18B 14129:2018RNAAS...2..167D 14064:2019AJ....157..139S 13998:2017ApJ...838L...1K 13886:2007Sci...316.1585B 13722:2023Natur.614..239M 13671:2016ApJ...825L...9P 13550:2022PSJ.....3..225N 13243:2001AmJPh..69.1096F 13199:2008Icar..195..851T 13164:2024Icar..41416017E 13103:2003MSAIS...3...20D 12982:2003AJ....126..430C 12905:2006ApJ...639L..43B 12836:2019Icar..334...30G 12698:10.1038/nature13155 12690:2014Natur.508...72B 12651:2008ssbn.book..161S 12547:1990Sci...250..410S 12524:(19 October 1990). 12469:2006Icar..185..258H 12424:2005AJ....129..518S 12379:1997Icar..125....1D 12336:2002RPPh...65.1741E 12193:2017Icar..287...54F 12035:2005Sci...307.1226P 11985:10.1038/nature06224 11977:2007Natur.449.1019S 11824:1999Sci...284.1146B 11818:(5417): 1146–1150. 11773:2005Sci...308.1291A 11767:(5726): 1291–1293. 11501:. 28 October 2018. 11499:Minor Planet Center 11471:2005AJ....130.2900Y 11424:2012Icar..217...27C 11377:2017MNRAS.467.1561D 11316:10.1038/nature10233 11308:2011Natur.475..481C 11234:1982BAAS...14..719F 11201:on 21 November 2021 11120:2012Sci...336..694S 11065:Takeda, H. (1997). 11006:"What Is A Planet?" 10794:2017JGRE..122.2267E 10689:2020NatAs...4..569M 10608:2006EOSTr..87..105M 10521:2005AJ....129.2869T 10484:on 21 February 2007 10467:2001Icar..153..338P 10318:2002aste.book..409M 10233:2022MNRAS.517L..49B 10174:2013Icar..223...48S 10129:2000Icar..148..312D 9762:2005AREPS..33..133N 9663:. pp. 301–314. 9559:2007CeMDA..98..155S 9395:2022Icar..37414768M 9067:spaceplace.nasa.gov 9039:2007JGRE..112.4S06E 8897:2017NatGe..10..473L 8851:spaceplace.nasa.gov 8813:2007SSRv..131..161D 8752:2012JGRE..117.0L09M 8648:1981Sci...213...62H 8524:"Astronomical Math" 8496:2018arXiv180704776D 8419:2002JGRA..107.1136R 8161:2001Icar..151..307L 8112:1973ApJ...185..477V 7843:2004ApJ...614..497G 7788:2015ApJ...806L..26V 7723:2016AJ....152..221S 7695:(7 December 2016). 7663:2015nova.pres..313K 7655:Aas Nova Highlights 7620:2015ApJ...810..105M 7567:Extract of page 658 7482:2005AdSpR..35.2084L 7228:1972AmJPh..40.1014J 7150:2012ApJ...750..135E 7095:2011ApJ...731L..42B 7046:1995ASPC...74...83M 6900:Leighton, Robert B. 6896:Feynman, Richard P. 6855:Goodstein, David L. 6747:10.1038/nature04792 6739:2006Natur.441..192A 6603:1997Icar..127...13L 6558:10.1038/nature02120 6550:2003Natur.426..419L 6438:"Saturn Fact Sheet" 6363:2002Icar..158...98K 6134:2018NatAs...2..580G 6077:"Planetary Nebulas" 5986:2008MNRAS.386..155S 5916:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 5845:2001PNAS...9812342M 5839:(22): 12342–12343. 5788:2009RvMA...21..215C 5742:10.1038/nature03676 5733:2005Natur.435..466G 5686:2005ConPh..46...29C 5641:2003JGRA..108.1437S 5586:1981SoPh...74...21G 5540:2001ApJS..136..417Y 5482:2007prpl.conf..639N 5402:2005ApJ...621L.137B 5299:2005Sci...307...68G 5259:2011ApJ...729..146V 5222:1983coex....1....3I 5144:2010NatGe...3..637B 5095:2005tvnv.conf..163S 4983:2014MNRAS.441.1105F 4875:1964SvA.....7..618C 4792:2003AdSpR..31.2563M 4740:2024MNRAS.527L.110D 4681:2003AJ....126..430C 4610:on 21 November 2013 4360:Yeomans, Donald K. 4234:2014AJ....148...91L 3635:Solar system portal 3566:telescopes in space 3438:did the same for a 3403:Nicolaus Copernicus 3168:interstellar clouds 3088:interstellar medium 3001:sphere of influence 2993:artist's impression 2950:zodiacal dust cloud 2772:stellar-wind bubble 2702:541132 Leleākūhonua 1983:short-period comets 1867:, frozen water and 1408:terrestrial planets 1160:interstellar medium 1105:Sweden Solar System 1097:Solar System models 1048:rotational momentum 991:As a result of the 879:interstellar medium 877:like carbon—to the 798:protoplanetary disk 732:protoplanetary disc 705:protoplanetary disk 508:terrestrial planets 473:protoplanetary disc 346:of outermost planet 123: (4.2465 41: 22978:(Ithaca, New York) 22892:Astronomical clock 22615:Lowest temperature 22366:Photometric system 22336:Absolute magnitude 22270:Circumstellar dust 21883:Stellar black hole 21519:Stellar population 21405:Herbig–Haro object 21042:white dwarf B 20808:Physical cosmology 20110:Virgo Supercluster 20091:Milky Way subgroup 19922:Natural satellites 19805:Nebular hypothesis 19785:Interstellar space 19775:Interstellar cloud 19683:Circumstellar disc 19273:Near-Earth objects 19157:names and meanings 18494: 18154: 18078:The New York Times 17906:The New York Times 17672:10.1119/10.0003349 17313:See, for example: 16266:Goodman, Alyssa A. 16068:Goodman, Alyssa A. 15598:10.3847/PSJ/abe53e 15352:Sheppard, Scott S. 14735:10.1007/BF00049540 14608:"In Depth: Comets" 13559:10.3847/PSJ/ac8e03 12744:American Scientist 12601:"Chiron biography" 11938:. 18 August 2021. 11932:"In Depth: Saturn" 11263:"Trojan Asteroids" 11042:. 6 January 2011. 10398:on 2 February 2002 10357:. CNEOS NASA/JPL. 9991:Cornell University 9839:The New York Times 9155:The New York Times 9148:(3 October 2013). 8718:on 12 January 2019 8324:. Houston, Texas: 7693:Trujillo, Chadwick 7689:Sheppard, Scott S. 7433:See, for example, 6318:on 29 January 2007 5594:10.1007/BF00151270 4064: 4037: 4010: 3983: 3954: 3789: 3701:Planetary mnemonic 3649:Outer space portal 3593:Parker Solar Probe 3584:, such as the two 3559:general relativity 3512: 3455:Christiaan Huygens 3432:transit of Mercury 3375: 3271: 3157:Proxima Centauri b 3130: 3095: 3009: 2915: 2852: 2768: 2751:sednoid population 2693: 2615: 2567:collisional family 2565:. It is part of a 2437: 2425: 2399:largely unexplored 2082:ionizing radiation 2026: 2008:The outer planets 1969:Outer Solar System 1842: 1731: 1670:made of water and 1636:very fine regolith 1480:—which form their 1462: 1437:Terrestrial planet 1402:Inner Solar System 1384:geomagnetic storms 1240: 1195: 1189:Comparison of the 1065: 978: 966: 899:outer Solar System 891:inner Solar System 850: 825:Present and future 709: 666:long-period comets 658:interstellar space 650:astronomical units 631:natural satellites 375:detected at 120 AU 320:Star spectral type 294:minor planets 270:more candidates... 214:dwarf planets 39: 18:Outer Solar System 23115:Planetary science 23027: 23026: 22976:Sagan Planet Walk 22972:(Lofoten, Norway) 22960:(Zagreb, Croatia) 22829: 22828: 22732:Substellar object 22711:Planetary nebulae 22130:Luminous red nova 22040:Deuterium burning 22026: 22025: 21509:Instability strip 21489:Wolf-Rayet nebula 21443:Horizontal branch 21388:Pre-main-sequence 21300: 21299: 21296: 21295: 21292: 21291: 21249: 21248: 21245: 21244: 21202: 21201: 21198: 21197: 21004: 21003: 21000: 20999: 20930: 20929: 20815:Quantum cosmology 20801:Planetary geology 20594: 20593: 20305:Celestial subject 20152: 20151: 19997: 19996: 19993: 19992: 19970:Lagrangian points 19942:by discovery date 19540:Human spaceflight 19511:historical models 19404: 19403: 19029:S/2015 (136472) 1 18192:Library resources 18150: 18029:978-0-553-59337-2 17475:978-0-3078-0105-0 17362:(Subscription or 17252:ESA Space Science 17119:978-0-511-34982-9 17092:978-1-4051-8183-9 17047:Popular Astronomy 16663:978-0-387-21851-9 16278:(7794): 237–239. 16156:(7794): 237–239. 16084:(7893): 334–337. 15941:(7617): 437–440. 15790:978-0-486-43602-9 15371:(7493): 471–474. 15185:(6820): 589–591. 14862:on 7 October 2015 14375:10.1029/93JA01171 13866:Brown, Michael E. 13716:(7947): 239–243. 13441:978-3-319-23003-0 13401:(23 March 2009). 13335:978-0-816-52755-7 13286:. 6 August 2021. 13280:"In Depth: Pluto" 13251:10.1119/1.1389278 13237:(10): 1096–1102. 12738:(February 2015). 12541:(4979): 410–415. 12330:(12): 1741–1783. 11971:(7165): 1019–21. 11920:on 26 March 2009. 11698:978-0-521-80090-7 11656:(12): 1517–1522. 11347:"Asteroid 2014 YX 11302:(7357): 481–483. 11114:(6082): 694–697. 11002:Lakdawalla, Emily 10788:(11): 2267–2293. 10567:. 14 April 2000. 9997:on 3 January 2009 9803:on 18 August 2011 9464:978-0-19-504284-9 9279:. 6 August 2006. 9164:on 3 October 2013 9131:978-1-4987-5428-6 8885:Nature Geoscience 8376:. 22 April 2003. 8335:978-1-947-17224-1 8213:978-3-540-20617-0 7964:978-0-691-05781-1 7879:on 2 January 2008 7549:978-0-8165-2844-8 7476:(12): 2084–2090. 7236:10.1119/1.1986734 6904:Sands, Matthew L. 6870:978-0-521-71590-4 6733:(7090): 192–194. 6639:978-0-134-87436-4 6544:(6965): 419–421. 6514:978-0-12-088589-3 6403:Eddy, J. (1979). 5727:(7041): 466–469. 5451:978-0-134-87436-4 5132:Nature Geoscience 4786:(12): 2563–2575. 4535:. 10 April 2017. 4169:astronomical unit 3748:found to date in 3475:trigonometrically 3436:Jeremiah Horrocks 3423:Rudolphine Tables 3353:extinction events 3253:Location of Earth 3247:Galactic position 3092:logarithmic scale 2935:atmospheric entry 2880:Kreutz sungrazers 2780:termination shock 2582:S/2015 (136472) 1 2433:orbital resonance 1638:and dominated by 1476:minerals such as 1302:population I star 1175:subsurface oceans 738:and a hot, dense 664:, the source for 638:charged particles 445: 444: 16:(Redirected from 23132: 23092: 23091: 23090: 23080: 23079: 23068: 23067: 23066: 23056: 23055: 23054: 23044: 23043: 23042: 23035: 22954:(Zadar, Croatia) 22921: 22882:Armillary sphere 22856: 22849: 22842: 22833: 22832: 22821:Stars portal 22819: 22818: 22807: 22806: 22463:Planetary system 22386:Strömgren sphere 22258:Asteroseismology 21979:Black hole star 21551: 21550: 21477:Planetary nebula 21438:Red-giant branch 21327: 21320: 21313: 21304: 21303: 21284: 21269: 21268: 21259:Sub-brown dwarfs 21255: 21254: 21234: 21217: 21216: 21208: 21207: 21190: 21177: 21164: 21151: 21141: 21128: 21084: 21072: 21067: 21038: 21021: 21020: 21010: 21009: 20991: 20990: 20987: 20982: 20976: 20975: 20957: 20950: 20943: 20934: 20933: 20923: 20919: 20918: 20911: 20907: 20906: 20891: 20882: 20875: 20868: 20861: 20852: 20845: 20838: 20836:Medieval Islamic 20831: 20824: 20817: 20810: 20803: 20796: 20789: 20780: 20773: 20766: 20759: 20752: 20743: 20736: 20729: 20722: 20720:Astroinformatics 20715: 20708: 20701: 20699:Archaeoastronomy 20683: 20676: 20669: 20662: 20660:Keck Observatory 20655: 20648: 20641: 20634: 20627: 20620: 20613: 20587: 20578: 20571: 20564: 20557: 20555:Medieval Islamic 20550: 20543: 20536: 20529: 20522: 20515: 20508: 20501: 20494: 20474: 20467: 20460: 20453: 20446: 20439: 20432: 20414: 20405: 20398: 20391: 20384: 20382: 20374: 20372: 20360: 20353: 20333: 20326: 20319: 20297: 20290: 20283: 20276: 20263: 20262: 20251: 20244: 20237: 20230: 20223: 20214: 20207: 20200: 20179: 20172: 20165: 20156: 20155: 20146: 20144: 20135: 20128: 20121: 20114: 20108: 20102: 20096: 20089: 20082: 20075: 20068: 20061: 20054: 20041: 20040: 20039: 20029: 20028: 20027: 20017: 20016: 20015: 19718:Exozodiacal dust 19408: 19407: 19374:Detached objects 18616: 18615: 18612: 18611: 18456: 18438: 18431: 18424: 18415: 18414: 18409: 18401: 18400: 18399: 18392: 18391:from Wikiversity 18384: 18383: 18382: 18375: 18367: 18366: 18365: 18358: 18350: 18349: 18348: 18341: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18324: 18316: 18315: 18314: 18307: 18299: 18298: 18297: 18290: 18282: 18281: 18280: 18270: 18238: 18230: 18174: 18172: 18161: 18160: 18151: 18141: 18139: 18135: 18130: 18116: 18115: 18113: 18111: 18096: 18090: 18089: 18087: 18085: 18068: 18062: 18061: 18059: 18057: 18040: 18034: 18033: 18006: 18000: 17999: 17997: 17995: 17990:. 4 October 2018 17984: 17978: 17977: 17975: 17973: 17967:science.nasa.gov 17959: 17953: 17952: 17950: 17948: 17931: 17925: 17924: 17922: 17920: 17897: 17891: 17890: 17888: 17886: 17867: 17861: 17860: 17858: 17856: 17836: 17830: 17829: 17827: 17825: 17816:. Archived from 17805: 17799: 17798: 17796: 17794: 17779: 17773: 17772: 17770: 17768: 17748: 17742: 17738: 17710: 17704: 17703: 17701: 17699: 17657: 17633: 17627: 17626: 17606: 17600: 17599: 17563: 17557: 17556: 17554: 17552: 17546: 17507: 17498: 17492: 17491: 17489: 17487: 17452: 17446: 17445: 17443: 17441: 17403: 17397: 17393: 17391: 17389: 17367: 17359: 17347: 17339: 17337: 17335: 17311: 17305: 17304: 17302: 17274: 17268: 17267: 17265: 17263: 17244: 17238: 17237: 17235: 17233: 17177: 17171: 17170: 17150: 17144: 17143: 17141: 17139: 17103: 17097: 17096: 17076: 17066: 17060: 17059: 17041: 17035: 17034: 17032: 17030: 17002: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16991: 16965: 16963:20.500.12128/534 16955: 16931: 16925: 16924: 16922: 16920: 16886: 16862: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16831: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16815: 16773: 16749: 16743: 16742: 16716: 16714:astro-ph/0408107 16694: 16688: 16687: 16685: 16683: 16647: 16641: 16640: 16638: 16636: 16616: 16610: 16609: 16591: 16571: 16565: 16564: 16554: 16534: 16528: 16527: 16501: 16499:astro-ph/0101259 16479: 16473: 16472: 16470: 16468: 16440: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16410: 16401:(3): 6126–6138. 16384: 16378: 16377: 16351: 16328: 16322: 16321: 16287: 16261: 16255: 16254: 16228: 16206: 16200: 16199: 16165: 16142: 16136: 16135: 16093: 16063: 16057: 16056: 16038: 16020: 15994: 15985: 15984: 15950: 15924: 15918: 15917: 15907: 15889: 15863: 15857: 15856: 15846: 15828: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15778: 15768: 15762: 15761: 15759: 15757: 15735: 15729: 15728: 15702: 15682: 15676: 15675: 15672:The Solar System 15664: 15658: 15657: 15651: 15643: 15625: 15614:Nature Astronomy 15609: 15603: 15602: 15600: 15582: 15558: 15552: 15551: 15549: 15547: 15537: 15519: 15493: 15487: 15486: 15484: 15482: 15472: 15454: 15428: 15422: 15421: 15419: 15417: 15411: 15408: 15403:. Archived from 15360: 15344: 15338: 15337: 15311: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15280: 15278: 15259: 15253: 15252: 15250: 15248: 15228: 15219: 15218: 15199:10.1038/35054508 15174: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15140: 15134: 15133: 15115: 15097: 15071: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15060: 15054: 15023: 15021:astro-ph/0201291 15014:(5): 2857–2861. 15003: 14994: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14983: 14964: 14958: 14957: 14939: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14878: 14872: 14871: 14869: 14867: 14858:. Archived from 14848: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14837: 14831: 14820: 14812: 14806: 14805: 14803: 14801: 14753: 14747: 14746: 14708: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14661: 14655: 14654: 14634: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14623: 14604: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14572: 14566: 14565: 14539: 14504: 14498: 14497: 14479: 14461: 14435: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14424: 14405: 14399: 14398: 14396: 14394: 14346: 14340: 14339: 14329: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14254:"The Heliopedia" 14249: 14243: 14241: 14239: 14237: 14232:on 8 August 2017 14231: 14225:. Archived from 14206: 14197: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14181: 14162:"Sedna – 2003 VB 14157: 14151: 14150: 14140: 14122: 14092: 14086: 14085: 14075: 14057: 14033: 14020: 14019: 14009: 13991: 13961: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13920: 13914: 13913: 13862: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851: 13832: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13821: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13784: 13767: 13756: 13750: 13749: 13699: 13693: 13692: 13682: 13664: 13638: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13627: 13614:(5 April 2008). 13608: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13597: 13588:. 19 July 2009. 13578: 13572: 13571: 13561: 13529: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13518: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13425: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13399:Michael E. Brown 13395: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13369: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13358: 13352: 13323: 13311: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13276: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13259: 13253:. Archived from 13226: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13182: 13176: 13175: 13157: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13119: 13088: 13079: 13073: 13072: 13046: 13044:astro-ph/0309251 13023: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 13006: 12975: 12973:astro-ph/0301458 12955: 12946: 12940: 12939: 12937: 12935: 12929: 12898: 12896:astro-ph/0510029 12878: 12866: 12860: 12859: 12858:on 7 April 2019. 12854:. Archived from 12821: 12816: 12812:(229762) 2007 UK 12805: 12796: 12795: 12779: 12769: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12683: 12661: 12655: 12654: 12644: 12642:astro-ph/0702538 12627: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12616: 12607:. Archived from 12596: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12579: 12530: 12522:Shoemaker, E. M. 12517: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12450: 12444: 12443: 12417: 12415:astro-ph/0410059 12397: 12391: 12390: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12289: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12278: 12272: 12241: 12239:astro-ph/0703059 12223: 12214: 12205: 12204: 12178: 12169: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12155: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12118: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12087: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12073: 12067: 12020: 12011: 12005: 12004: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11913:. Archived from 11898: 11889: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11878: 11869:. Archived from 11867:Brown University 11858: 11852: 11851: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11756: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11745: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11687:(9th ed.). 11680: 11674: 11673: 11645: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11631: 11626:on 26 March 2009 11625: 11619:. Archived from 11614: 11605: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11539:(2–3): 143–151. 11524: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11491: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11450: 11444: 11443: 11417: 11397: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11370: 11361:(2): 1561–1568. 11342: 11336: 11335: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11259: 11253: 11252: 11244: 11238: 11237: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11197:. Archived from 11191: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11170: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11103: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 10998: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10974: 10958: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10947: 10938:. 6 April 2017. 10928: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10917: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10880: 10874:. Vol. 12. 10869: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10829:Nature Astronomy 10822: 10816: 10815: 10805: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10763: 10757: 10755: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10723: 10708: 10677:Nature Astronomy 10674: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10587: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10532: 10515:(6): 2869–2886. 10500: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10483: 10477:. Archived from 10450: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10394:. Archived from 10377: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10351: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10334: 10307: 10298: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10268: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10244: 10226: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10167: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10110: 10104: 10091: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10038: 10013: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9993:. Archived from 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9945: 9943: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9894: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9878:on 22 April 2009 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9799:. Archived from 9788: 9782: 9781: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9702: 9696: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9686:on 14 March 2020 9682:. Archived from 9671: 9665: 9664: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9590:: news040503–6. 9579: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9388: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9191:on 8 August 2010 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9163: 9158:. Archived from 9142: 9136: 9135: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9089: 9083: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9007: 9001: 8995:. Archived from 8990: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8964: 8957: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8929: 8905:10.1038/ngeo2971 8882: 8873: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8807:(1–4): 161–186. 8796: 8790: 8789: 8763: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8690: 8684:. Archived from 8674:2060/20020090713 8659: 8633: 8625:Solomon, Sean C. 8617: 8608: 8607: 8590:(3–4): 283–296. 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8519: 8510: 8509: 8489: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8249: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8172: 8154: 8152:astro-ph/0012399 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8056: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7948: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7836: 7834:astro-ph/0404240 7814: 7808: 7807: 7781: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7734: 7716: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7613: 7591: 7576: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7517:on 10 April 2015 7513:. Archived from 7500: 7494: 7493: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7389:on 12 April 2011 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7359:. Archived from 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7222:(7): 1014–1023. 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7143: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7088: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7033: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6958: 6956:astro-ph/0111600 6938: 6932: 6931: 6892: 6883: 6882: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6444:on 4 August 2011 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6341:Krasinsky, G. A. 6337: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6317: 6311:. Archived from 6306: 6297: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281:astro-ph/0512256 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6245:(1): 1.12–1.19. 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6127: 6112:Nature Astronomy 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6054: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6014: 6008: 6007: 5997: 5979: 5953: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5927: 5909: 5900:(3): 6126–6138. 5883: 5877: 5876: 5866: 5856: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5781: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5744: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5634: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5533: 5531:astro-ph/0104292 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5471: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5437: 5422: 5421: 5395: 5393:astro-ph/0501592 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5252: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5178:Zabludoff, Ann. 5175: 5164: 5163: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5106: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5022:science.nasa.gov 5014: 5005: 5004: 4994: 4976: 4967:(2): 1105–1114. 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4931: 4922:(4): 4287–4297. 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4831:. Archived from 4820: 4814: 4813: 4803: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4751: 4733: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4674: 4672:astro-ph/0301458 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4635:science.nasa.gov 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4596: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4408: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4227: 4207: 4185: 4181: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4129: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4008: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3928: 3927: 3903: 3902: 3890: 3889: 3868: 3867: 3846: 3845: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3777: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3742: 3733: 3718: 3665: 3663:Astronomy portal 3660: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3539:stellar parallax 3535:Friedrich Bessel 3440:transit of Venus 3379:Late Middle Ages 3349:Shiva hypothesis 3287:Orion–Cygnus Arm 3261:Orbit of the Sun 3242: 3238: 3149:Proxima Centauri 3077:G. A. Chebotarev 3069: 3061: 3057: 3053: 2964: 2960: 2786:relative to the 2733:inner Oort cloud 2630: 2629: 2480: 2479: 2469: 2468: 2320: 2319: 2255: 2254: 2148: 2147: 2118:, consisting of 2067: 2066: 2051:hydrogen sulfide 1892: 1891: 1875:activity, where 1862: 1861: 1815: 1753: 1752: 1661: 1660: 1574: 1573: 1555:greenhouse gases 1548: 1547: 1514: 1513: 1426: 1366: 1330:planetary system 1133:Earth's diameter 1075: 1071: 1044:angular momentum 1037:numerical models 875:heavier elements 871:planetary nebula 737: 724:pre-solar nebula 674:Proxima Centauri 671: 419:24,000–28,000 ly 354: 338: 314:Planetary system 119:Proxima Centauri 96:Orion–Cygnus Arm 87: 49: 42: 38: 21: 23140: 23139: 23135: 23134: 23133: 23131: 23130: 23129: 23100: 23099: 23098: 23088: 23086: 23074: 23064: 23062: 23052: 23050: 23040: 23038: 23030: 23028: 23023: 22992: 22936:(Akaa, Finland) 22922: 22913: 22865: 22860: 22830: 22825: 22813: 22795: 22720: 22689:Milky Way novae 22625:Smallest volume 22569: 22550:Radial velocity 22473: 22467: 22419:Common envelope 22395: 22294: 22263:Helioseismology 22234:Bipolar outflow 22175:Microturbulence 22170:Convection zone 22151: 22045:Lithium burning 22032:Nucleosynthesis 22022: 21904: 21813: 21540: 21419: 21368:Molecular cloud 21349: 21336: 21331: 21301: 21288: 21282: 21261: 21241: 21232: 21194: 21188: 21175: 21162: 21149: 21139: 21126: 21125: 21118: 21093:red dwarf 21082: 21075:Alpha Centauri 21064: 21045: 21036: 21015: 20996: 20979: 20970: 20961: 20931: 20926: 20914: 20902: 20894: 20887: 20878: 20871: 20866:X-ray telescope 20864: 20857: 20848: 20841: 20834: 20827: 20820: 20813: 20806: 20799: 20792: 20785: 20776: 20769: 20762: 20755: 20746: 20739: 20732: 20725: 20718: 20711: 20704: 20697: 20686: 20679: 20672: 20665: 20658: 20651: 20644: 20637: 20630: 20623: 20616: 20609: 20601: 20590: 20583: 20574: 20567: 20560: 20553: 20546: 20539: 20532: 20525: 20518: 20511: 20504: 20497: 20490: 20477: 20472:Multi-messenger 20470: 20463: 20456: 20449: 20442: 20435: 20428: 20417: 20410: 20401: 20394: 20387: 20380: 20377: 20368: 20363: 20356: 20349: 20338: 20329: 20322: 20311: 20300: 20295:Space telescope 20293: 20286: 20279: 20272: 20254: 20247: 20240: 20233: 20226: 20219: 20210: 20203: 20196: 20188: 20183: 20153: 20148: 20142: 20140: 20139: 20133: 20126: 20119: 20112: 20106: 20100: 20094: 20087: 20080: 20073: 20066: 20059: 20052: 20037: 20035: 20025: 20023: 20013: 20011: 19998: 19989: 19953: 19890: 19874:vs. Hill sphere 19800:Molecular cloud 19728:Sample curation 19708:Detached object 19647: 19640: 19484: 19476: 19413: 19400: 19345:Neptune trojans 19128: 19126: 19124: 19117: 19059: 18752: 18623: 18605: 18491: 18454: 18447: 18442: 18412: 18402: 18397: 18395: 18385: 18380: 18378: 18368: 18363: 18361: 18357:from Wikisource 18351: 18346: 18344: 18334: 18329: 18327: 18317: 18312: 18310: 18300: 18295: 18293: 18289:from Wiktionary 18283: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18269:sister projects 18266:at Knowledge's 18225: 18222: 18221: 18220: 18200: 18199: 18195: 18188: 18187: 18176: 18170: 18168: 18165:This audio file 18162: 18155: 18146: 18143: 18137: 18133: 18132: 18128: 18125: 18120: 18119: 18109: 18107: 18097: 18093: 18083: 18081: 18069: 18065: 18055: 18053: 18041: 18037: 18030: 18007: 18003: 17993: 17991: 17986: 17985: 17981: 17971: 17969: 17961: 17960: 17956: 17946: 17944: 17932: 17928: 17918: 17916: 17898: 17894: 17884: 17882: 17869: 17868: 17864: 17854: 17852: 17837: 17833: 17823: 17821: 17806: 17802: 17792: 17790: 17781: 17780: 17776: 17766: 17764: 17749: 17745: 17711: 17707: 17697: 17695: 17634: 17630: 17623: 17607: 17603: 17564: 17560: 17550: 17548: 17544: 17505: 17499: 17495: 17485: 17483: 17476: 17453: 17449: 17439: 17437: 17430: 17404: 17400: 17387: 17385: 17361: 17333: 17331: 17316: 17312: 17308: 17275: 17271: 17261: 17259: 17246: 17245: 17241: 17231: 17229: 17178: 17174: 17151: 17147: 17137: 17135: 17120: 17104: 17100: 17093: 17079:Wiley-Blackwell 17067: 17063: 17042: 17038: 17028: 17026: 17019: 17003: 16999: 16989: 16987: 16932: 16928: 16918: 16916: 16863: 16859: 16849: 16847: 16832: 16823: 16813: 16811: 16750: 16746: 16695: 16691: 16681: 16679: 16664: 16648: 16644: 16634: 16632: 16617: 16613: 16572: 16568: 16535: 16531: 16480: 16476: 16466: 16464: 16457: 16441: 16434: 16385: 16381: 16329: 16325: 16262: 16258: 16207: 16203: 16143: 16139: 16064: 16060: 15995: 15988: 15925: 15921: 15864: 15860: 15802: 15798: 15791: 15769: 15765: 15755: 15753: 15736: 15732: 15683: 15679: 15665: 15661: 15645: 15644: 15610: 15606: 15559: 15555: 15545: 15543: 15494: 15490: 15480: 15478: 15429: 15425: 15415: 15413: 15409: 15358: 15345: 15341: 15295:Physics Reports 15290: 15286: 15276: 15274: 15261: 15260: 15256: 15246: 15244: 15229: 15222: 15175: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15141: 15137: 15072: 15068: 15058: 15056: 15052: 15001: 14995: 14991: 14981: 14979: 14966: 14965: 14961: 14908: 14904: 14897: 14879: 14875: 14865: 14863: 14850: 14849: 14845: 14835: 14833: 14829: 14818: 14814: 14813: 14809: 14799: 14797: 14754: 14750: 14709: 14705: 14662: 14658: 14635: 14631: 14621: 14619: 14606: 14605: 14601: 14591: 14589: 14573: 14569: 14505: 14501: 14436: 14432: 14422: 14420: 14407: 14406: 14402: 14392: 14390: 14347: 14343: 14281: 14277: 14267: 14265: 14250: 14246: 14235: 14233: 14229: 14204: 14198: 14189: 14179: 14177: 14165: 14158: 14154: 14100: 14093: 14089: 14034: 14023: 13969: 13962: 13958: 13921: 13917: 13863: 13859: 13849: 13847: 13834: 13833: 13829: 13819: 13817: 13802: 13798: 13788: 13786: 13782: 13776: 13765: 13757: 13753: 13700: 13696: 13639: 13635: 13625: 13623: 13609: 13605: 13595: 13593: 13580: 13579: 13575: 13530: 13526: 13516: 13514: 13501: 13500: 13496: 13486: 13484: 13473: 13469: 13459: 13457: 13442: 13426: 13422: 13412: 13410: 13396: 13392: 13382: 13380: 13371: 13370: 13366: 13356: 13354: 13350: 13336: 13321: 13312: 13303: 13293: 13291: 13278: 13277: 13273: 13263: 13261: 13257: 13224: 13218: 13214: 13183: 13179: 13137: 13133: 13123: 13121: 13117: 13086: 13080: 13076: 13024: 13020: 13010: 13008: 13004: 12953: 12947: 12943: 12933: 12931: 12927: 12876: 12867: 12863: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12806: 12799: 12792: 12770: 12763: 12753: 12751: 12733: 12729: 12674:(7494): 72–75. 12662: 12658: 12635:. p. 161. 12628: 12624: 12614: 12612: 12597: 12593: 12583: 12581: 12577: 12528: 12518: 12514: 12504: 12502: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12451: 12447: 12398: 12394: 12363: 12359: 12320:Esposito, L. W. 12317: 12313: 12303: 12301: 12290: 12286: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12221: 12215: 12208: 12176: 12170: 12163: 12153: 12151: 12146: 12145: 12141: 12131: 12129: 12120: 12119: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12088: 12081: 12071: 12069: 12065: 12018: 12012: 12008: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11930: 11929: 11925: 11917: 11911: 11896: 11890: 11886: 11876: 11874: 11859: 11855: 11808: 11804: 11757: 11753: 11743: 11741: 11734: 11718: 11714: 11699: 11691:. p. 240. 11681: 11677: 11646: 11639: 11629: 11627: 11623: 11612: 11606: 11602: 11592: 11590: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11525: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11493: 11492: 11488: 11451: 11447: 11398: 11394: 11350: 11343: 11339: 11290: 11286: 11276: 11274: 11261: 11260: 11256: 11245: 11241: 11218: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11193: 11192: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11155: 11151: 11104: 11100: 11063: 11059: 11049: 11047: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 10999: 10992: 10982: 10980: 10959: 10955: 10945: 10943: 10930: 10929: 10925: 10915: 10913: 10898: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10878: 10867: 10861: 10857: 10823: 10819: 10774: 10770: 10761: 10753: 10751: 10742: 10741: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10721: 10672: 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10639: 10635: 10625: 10623: 10588: 10584: 10574: 10572: 10559: 10558: 10554: 10501: 10497: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10448: 10442: 10438: 10415: 10411: 10401: 10399: 10378: 10374: 10364: 10362: 10353: 10352: 10348: 10338: 10336: 10332: 10305: 10299: 10295: 10285: 10283: 10270: 10269: 10262: 10252: 10250: 10201: 10197: 10148: 10144: 10111: 10107: 10101:Wayback Machine 10092: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10014: 10010: 10000: 9998: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9941: 9939: 9934:. 6 June 2023. 9926: 9925: 9921: 9907: 9905: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9830: 9826: 9814: 9806: 9804: 9789: 9785: 9746: 9742: 9730: 9726:Wayback Machine 9715:Wayback Machine 9703: 9699: 9689: 9687: 9672: 9668: 9657: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9580: 9576: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9476: 9472: 9465: 9447: 9443: 9433: 9431: 9430:on 8 March 2010 9422: 9421: 9417: 9367:Metzger, Philip 9364: 9360: 9350: 9348: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9316: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9239: 9235: 9225: 9223: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9185:"Climate Zones" 9181: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9143: 9139: 9132: 9116: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9099:on 8 April 2010 9091: 9090: 9086: 9076: 9074: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9019: 9015: 9005: 9003: 9002:on 14 June 2007 8999: 8988: 8982: 8978: 8968: 8966: 8965:on 14 June 2007 8962: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8880: 8874: 8870: 8860: 8858: 8845: 8844: 8840: 8797: 8793: 8761:10.1.1.676.5383 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8708: 8704: 8694: 8692: 8691:on 21 July 2018 8688: 8657:10.1.1.715.4402 8642:(4503): 62–76. 8631: 8618: 8611: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8474:Schaefer, Laura 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8336: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8250: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8214: 8198: 8194: 8170:10.1.1.254.7940 8133: 8129: 8090: 8086: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8007: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7939: 7935: 7896: 7892: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7815: 7811: 7760: 7756: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7647: 7643: 7592: 7579: 7574:Wayback Machine 7559: 7557: 7550: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7501: 7497: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7415:on 15 July 2010 7407: 7406: 7402: 7392: 7390: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7366: 7364: 7363:on 10 July 2016 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7318: 7314: 7267: 7263: 7253: 7251: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7173: 7122: 7118: 7067: 7063: 7056: 7034: 7027: 7017: 7015: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6939: 6935: 6920: 6893: 6886: 6871: 6851:Apostol, Tom M. 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6810: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6659: 6655: 6640: 6622: 6618: 6585: 6581: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6464: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6394: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6338: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6304: 6298: 6289: 6272: 6268: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6104: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6081:cfa.harvard.edu 6075: 6074: 6070: 6029: 6025: 6016: 6015: 6011: 5954: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5884: 5880: 5825: 5821: 5806: 5762: 5758: 5713: 5709: 5668: 5664: 5632:astroph/0306477 5613: 5609: 5570: 5563: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5438: 5425: 5374: 5370: 5360: 5358: 5351: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5293:(5706): 68–71. 5281: 5277: 5233: 5229: 5210: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5176: 5167: 5152:10.1038/NGEO941 5124: 5120: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5016: 5015: 5008: 4951: 4947: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4855: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4835:on 11 June 2020 4821: 4817: 4801:10.1.1.575.5091 4776: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4708: 4704: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4409: 4390: 4379: 4377: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4329: 4328: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4166: 4162: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4132: 4126:Wayback Machine 4107:Wayback Machine 4086: 4082: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4004: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3945: 3941: 3923: 3919: 3898: 3894: 3885: 3881: 3863: 3859: 3841: 3837: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3771: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3743: 3736: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3604:Artemis program 3555:Albert Einstein 3463:rings of Saturn 3428:Pierre Gassendi 3414:Johannes Kepler 3367: 3361: 3321:Galactic Center 3263: 3249: 3240: 3236: 3120:Diagram of the 3114: 3102:Main articles: 3100: 3067: 3060:100,000 AU 3059: 3055: 3052:125,000 AU 3051: 2985: 2971: 2962: 2958: 2907: 2895:Main articles: 2893: 2848:Comet Hale–Bopp 2841: 2835: 2830: 2784:peculiar motion 2760: 2698:semi-major axes 2685:distant objects 2665: 2659: 2627: 2626: 2607: 2601: 2475: 2474: 2466: 2465: 2458: 2447:" belt and the 2413: 2407: 2387: 2362:semi-major axes 2358: 2352: 2315: 2314: 2250: 2249: 2197:Saturn's E ring 2143: 2142: 2062: 2061: 2002: 1996: 1971: 1959: 1952: 1945:Lagrange points 1935:Hilda asteroids 1928:asteroid family 1887: 1886: 1857: 1856: 1813: 1806: 1765:are those with 1746:asteroid groups 1743: 1742: 1723: 1717: 1656: 1655: 1617:plate tectonics 1601:climate regions 1569: 1568: 1543: 1542: 1509: 1508: 1504:and volcanoes. 1439: 1433: 1424: 1404: 1364: 1232: 1226: 1191:habitable zones 1183: 1151: 1145: 1090:Platonic solids 1082:Titius–Bode law 1073: 1069: 1057: 954: 925: 915: 887: 827: 735: 713:molecular cloud 697: 692: 686: 669: 648:. Around 75–90 469:molecular cloud 430: 420: 415:Galactic Center 414: 392:Galactic Center 350: 344:Semi-major axis 336: 276: 275: 207: 206: 139: 138: 106: 105: 83: 63: 62: 60: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23138: 23128: 23127: 23122: 23117: 23112: 23097: 23096: 23084: 23072: 23070:Earth sciences 23060: 23048: 23025: 23024: 23022: 23021: 23016: 23011: 23006: 23000: 22998: 22994: 22993: 22991: 22990: 22985: 22979: 22973: 22970:Planet Lofoten 22967: 22961: 22955: 22949: 22946:Kystagerparken 22943: 22937: 22930: 22928: 22924: 22923: 22916: 22914: 22912: 22911: 22906: 22905: 22904: 22894: 22889: 22884: 22879: 22873: 22871: 22867: 22866: 22859: 22858: 22851: 22844: 22836: 22827: 22826: 22824: 22823: 22811: 22800: 22797: 22796: 22794: 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22757: 22756: 22751: 22750: 22749: 22744: 22728: 22726: 22722: 22721: 22719: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22707: 22706: 22701: 22691: 22686: 22681: 22676: 22671: 22666: 22661: 22660: 22659: 22654: 22653: 22652: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22620:Largest volume 22617: 22612: 22607: 22597: 22596: 22595: 22590: 22579: 22577: 22571: 22570: 22568: 22567: 22562: 22557: 22552: 22547: 22546: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22525: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22504: 22503: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22477: 22475: 22469: 22468: 22466: 22465: 22460: 22459: 22458: 22453: 22448: 22438: 22433: 22432: 22431: 22426: 22421: 22416: 22405: 22403: 22397: 22396: 22394: 22393: 22388: 22383: 22378: 22373: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22331:Magnetic field 22328: 22323: 22318: 22313: 22308: 22302: 22300: 22296: 22295: 22293: 22292: 22287: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22267: 22266: 22265: 22255: 22254: 22253: 22248: 22241:Accretion disk 22238: 22237: 22236: 22231: 22221: 22220: 22219: 22217:Alfvén surface 22214: 22212:Stellar corona 22209: 22204: 22199: 22189: 22187:Radiation zone 22184: 22183: 22182: 22177: 22167: 22161: 22159: 22153: 22152: 22150: 22149: 22144: 22143: 22142: 22137: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22112: 22107: 22102: 22097: 22092: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22072: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22036: 22034: 22028: 22027: 22024: 22023: 22021: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21994: 21993: 21988: 21985: 21977: 21976: 21975: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21925: 21920: 21914: 21912: 21906: 21905: 21903: 21902: 21897: 21896: 21895: 21885: 21880: 21879: 21878: 21873: 21872: 21871: 21866: 21856: 21846: 21845: 21844: 21834: 21829: 21823: 21821: 21815: 21814: 21812: 21811: 21809:Blue straggler 21806: 21805: 21804: 21794: 21789: 21788: 21787: 21777: 21776: 21775: 21770: 21765: 21760: 21755: 21750: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21725: 21720: 21719: 21718: 21713: 21708: 21698: 21697: 21696: 21686: 21685: 21684: 21679: 21674: 21664: 21659: 21658: 21657: 21652: 21647: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21621: 21620: 21615: 21605: 21604: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21567:Main sequence 21565: 21560: 21554: 21548: 21546:Classification 21542: 21541: 21539: 21538: 21537: 21536: 21531: 21521: 21516: 21511: 21506: 21501: 21496: 21491: 21486: 21485: 21484: 21482:Protoplanetary 21474: 21469: 21468: 21467: 21462: 21452: 21451: 21450: 21440: 21435: 21429: 21427: 21421: 21420: 21418: 21417: 21412: 21407: 21402: 21401: 21400: 21395: 21390: 21385: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21359: 21357: 21351: 21350: 21348: 21347: 21341: 21338: 21337: 21330: 21329: 21322: 21315: 21307: 21298: 21297: 21294: 21293: 21290: 21289: 21287: 21286: 21279:WISE 0855−0714 21275: 21273: 21266: 21251: 21250: 21247: 21246: 21243: 21242: 21240: 21239: 21236: 21225: 21223: 21214: 21204: 21203: 21200: 21199: 21196: 21195: 21193: 21192: 21182: 21179: 21169: 21166: 21156: 21153: 21143: 21136:Barnard's Star 21132: 21130: 21120: 21119: 21117: 21116: 21098: 21091: 21088: 21087: 21086: 21073: 21062: 21055: 21053: 21047: 21046: 21044: 21043: 21040: 21029: 21027: 21018: 21006: 21005: 21002: 21001: 20998: 20997: 20988: 20972: 20971: 20960: 20959: 20952: 20945: 20937: 20928: 20927: 20925: 20924: 20912: 20899: 20896: 20895: 20893: 20892: 20885: 20884: 20883: 20876: 20869: 20855: 20854: 20853: 20846: 20839: 20832: 20818: 20811: 20804: 20797: 20790: 20783: 20782: 20781: 20767: 20760: 20753: 20744: 20737: 20730: 20723: 20716: 20713:Astrochemistry 20709: 20702: 20694: 20692: 20688: 20687: 20685: 20684: 20677: 20670: 20663: 20656: 20649: 20646:Hale Telescope 20642: 20635: 20628: 20621: 20614: 20606: 20604: 20596: 20595: 20592: 20591: 20589: 20588: 20581: 20580: 20579: 20565: 20558: 20551: 20544: 20537: 20530: 20523: 20516: 20509: 20502: 20495: 20487: 20485: 20479: 20478: 20476: 20475: 20468: 20461: 20454: 20447: 20440: 20433: 20425: 20423: 20419: 20418: 20416: 20415: 20408: 20407: 20406: 20392: 20385: 20379:Visible-light 20375: 20361: 20354: 20346: 20344: 20340: 20339: 20337: 20336: 20335: 20334: 20320: 20308: 20306: 20302: 20301: 20299: 20298: 20291: 20284: 20277: 20269: 20267: 20260: 20256: 20255: 20253: 20252: 20245: 20238: 20231: 20224: 20217: 20216: 20215: 20201: 20193: 20190: 20189: 20182: 20181: 20174: 20167: 20159: 20150: 20149: 20046: 20045: 20033: 20021: 20009: 20003: 20000: 19999: 19995: 19994: 19991: 19990: 19988: 19987: 19982: 19977: 19972: 19967: 19961: 19959: 19955: 19954: 19952: 19951: 19946: 19945: 19944: 19939: 19929: 19924: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19898: 19896: 19892: 19891: 19889: 19888: 19886:Scattered disc 19883: 19878: 19877: 19876: 19866: 19861: 19860: 19859: 19854: 19853: 19852: 19842: 19837: 19832: 19827: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19736: 19735: 19730: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19674: 19673: 19671:Excretion disk 19666:Accretion disk 19663: 19658: 19656:Star formation 19652: 19650: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19618: 19613: 19608: 19603: 19602: 19601: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19580: 19579: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19558: 19557: 19552: 19547: 19545:space stations 19537: 19536: 19535: 19530: 19520: 19519: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19498: 19492: 19490: 19478: 19477: 19475: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19418: 19416: 19405: 19402: 19401: 19399: 19398: 19393: 19392: 19391: 19386: 19384:Scattered disc 19381: 19376: 19371: 19370: 19369: 19364: 19349: 19348: 19347: 19342: 19332: 19331: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19269: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19252: 19251: 19246: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19216: 19215: 19214: 19209: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19171: 19166: 19165: 19164: 19159: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19133: 19131: 19119: 19118: 19116: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19075: 19069: 19067: 19061: 19060: 19058: 19057: 19056: 19055: 19045: 19044: 19043: 19033: 19032: 19031: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19009: 19008: 19007: 19002: 18992: 18991: 18990: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18970: 18960: 18959: 18958: 18948: 18947: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18921: 18920: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18884: 18883: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18827: 18826: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18795: 18794: 18793: 18788: 18778: 18777: 18776: 18771: 18762: 18760: 18754: 18753: 18751: 18750: 18749: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18728: 18723: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18698: 18697: 18696: 18695: 18694: 18689: 18679: 18678: 18677: 18672: 18657: 18656: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18629: 18627: 18610: 18607: 18606: 18604: 18603: 18596: 18589: 18582: 18575: 18568: 18561: 18554: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18527: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18452: 18449: 18448: 18441: 18440: 18433: 18426: 18418: 18411: 18410: 18393: 18376: 18374:from Wikibooks 18359: 18342: 18340:from Wikiquote 18325: 18308: 18291: 18262: 18260: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18219: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18202: 18201: 18190: 18189: 18177: 18163: 18156: 18144: 18127: 18126: 18124: 18123:External links 18121: 18118: 18117: 18091: 18063: 18035: 18028: 18012:, ed. (2010). 18010:Glenday, Craig 18001: 17979: 17954: 17926: 17892: 17862: 17831: 17800: 17774: 17743: 17721:(4): 361–364. 17705: 17648:(5): 454–458. 17628: 17622:978-1351020138 17621: 17601: 17574:(4): 377–387. 17558: 17516:(5): 335–348. 17493: 17474: 17447: 17429:978-0816524501 17428: 17398: 17396: 17395: 17368: 17345:"solar system" 17340: 17306: 17269: 17239: 17192:(2): 218–234. 17172: 17145: 17118: 17098: 17091: 17061: 17036: 17018:978-0300186611 17017: 16997: 16946:(4): 681–702. 16926: 16877:(3): 213–219. 16857: 16821: 16744: 16731:10.1086/424960 16707:(2): 872–884. 16689: 16662: 16642: 16611: 16582:(1): 221–238. 16566: 16529: 16516:10.1086/321556 16492:(1): 181–202. 16474: 16456:978-1107016385 16455: 16432: 16379: 16323: 16256: 16201: 16137: 16058: 15986: 15919: 15858: 15819:(2): L32:1–2. 15796: 15789: 15763: 15730: 15677: 15659: 15604: 15553: 15488: 15445:(1): 633–649. 15423: 15339: 15284: 15254: 15220: 15166: 15135: 15066: 15038:10.1086/339704 14989: 14959: 14902: 14895: 14873: 14843: 14807: 14748: 14703: 14682:(1): 316–324. 14656: 14629: 14599: 14567: 14499: 14430: 14400: 14341: 14275: 14244: 14187: 14163: 14152: 14098: 14087: 14021: 13967: 13956: 13935:(1): 331–334. 13915: 13880:(5831): 1585. 13857: 13827: 13796: 13775:978-0816527557 13774: 13751: 13694: 13633: 13603: 13573: 13524: 13494: 13467: 13440: 13420: 13390: 13364: 13334: 13301: 13271: 13260:on 7 June 2011 13212: 13193:(2): 851–862. 13177: 13131: 13074: 13037:(1): 113–124. 13018: 12990:10.1086/375207 12966:(1): 430–443. 12941: 12913:10.1086/501524 12889:(1): L43–L46. 12861: 12813: 12797: 12791:978-0120885893 12790: 12761: 12727: 12656: 12622: 12591: 12512: 12482: 12463:(1): 258–273. 12445: 12432:10.1086/426329 12392: 12357: 12311: 12284: 12206: 12161: 12139: 12113: 12079: 12029:(5713): 1234. 12006: 11953: 11923: 11909: 11884: 11853: 11802: 11751: 11733:978-0521410083 11732: 11712: 11697: 11675: 11637: 11600: 11570: 11516: 11486: 11480:10.1086/497571 11465:(6): 2900–11. 11445: 11392: 11348: 11337: 11284: 11254: 11239: 11212: 11186: 11149: 11098: 11077:(6): 841–853. 11057: 11027: 10990: 10953: 10936:Universe Today 10923: 10892: 10855: 10836:(2): 140–145. 10817: 10768: 10735: 10683:(6): 569–576. 10660: 10633: 10582: 10552: 10530:10.1086/429734 10495: 10461:(2): 338–347. 10436: 10425:(2): 757–765. 10409: 10372: 10346: 10293: 10260: 10217:(1): L49–L54. 10195: 10142: 10123:(1): 312–315. 10105: 10086: 10008: 9978: 9967:on 3 June 2009 9952: 9919: 9889: 9857: 9824: 9783: 9756:(1): 133–161. 9740: 9697: 9666: 9651: 9621: 9574: 9553:(3): 155–180. 9532: 9521:on 31 May 2010 9501: 9470: 9463: 9441: 9415: 9358: 9333: 9315:978-1009040334 9314: 9294: 9264: 9247:Universe Today 9233: 9202: 9175: 9137: 9130: 9110: 9084: 9054: 9013: 8976: 8941: 8868: 8838: 8791: 8729: 8702: 8621:Head, James W. 8609: 8573: 8534:(9): 786–792. 8511: 8505:978-0816540655 8504: 8464: 8434: 8391: 8361: 8334: 8306: 8275: 8239: 8212: 8192: 8145:(2): 307–313. 8127: 8121:10.1086/152434 8084: 8030: 8015:Solar Center. 8000: 7970: 7963: 7933: 7890: 7864: 7851:10.1086/423612 7827:(1): 497–507. 7809: 7754: 7680: 7641: 7577: 7548: 7528: 7495: 7458: 7426: 7400: 7374: 7343: 7312: 7283:10.1086/349957 7277:(2): 196–200. 7261: 7202: 7171: 7116: 7061: 7054: 7025: 7007:978-0429682803 7006: 6986: 6949:(1): 581–631. 6933: 6918: 6884: 6869: 6835: 6808: 6788: 6711: 6684: 6653: 6638: 6626:Donahue, Megan 6616: 6579: 6520: 6513: 6489: 6455: 6428: 6376: 6345:Pitjeva, E. V. 6329: 6287: 6266: 6223: 6197: 6175: 6118:(7): 580–584. 6098: 6068: 6045:(1): 117–128. 6023: 6009: 5970:(1): 155–163. 5943: 5878: 5819: 5804: 5756: 5707: 5662: 5607: 5561: 5548:10.1086/321795 5524:(2): 417–437. 5502: 5457: 5450: 5423: 5410:10.1086/429160 5368: 5350:978-0309041935 5349: 5328: 5275: 5243:(2). id. 146. 5227: 5201: 5165: 5138:(9): 637–641. 5118: 5069: 5039: 5006: 4945: 4900: 4846: 4815: 4767: 4702: 4689:10.1086/375207 4665:(1): 430–443. 4647: 4621: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4550: 4520: 4490: 4464: 4434: 4388: 4352: 4319: 4293: 4263: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4173: 4160: 4143: 4130: 4088:Capitalization 4080: 4061: 4057: 4034: 4030: 4007: 4003: 3980: 3976: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3803:and the north 3788: 3769: 3734: 3730:Scattered Disc 3712: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3652: 3638: 3622: 3619: 3600:Apollo program 3493:laws of motion 3471:solar parallax 3363:Main article: 3360: 3357: 3328:Sagittarius A* 3314:galactic plane 3248: 3245: 3237:50,000 AU 3183:Radcliffe Wave 3142:Sun-like stars 3134:Alpha Centauri 3099: 3096: 3068:70,000 AU 3056:50,000 AU 2970: 2967: 2954:zodiacal light 2892: 2889: 2837:Main article: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2813:fluid dynamics 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2661:Main article: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2605:Scattered disc 2603:Main article: 2600: 2599:Scattered disc 2597: 2596: 2595: 2585: 2570: 2548: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2485:. Pluto has a 2483:ecliptic plane 2456: 2409:Main article: 2406: 2403: 2386: 2383: 2379:10199 Chariklo 2354:Main article: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2333: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2284: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2238: 2219: 2200: 2177: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2116:Galilean moons 2112: 2074:Great Red Spot 2055:carbon dioxide 1998:Main article: 1995: 1992: 1970: 1967: 1963:Jupiter trojan 1957: 1950: 1932: 1931: 1918: 1899:HED meteorites 1884: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1794: 1784: 1778: 1719:Main article: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1702: 1684:differentiated 1672:carbon dioxide 1668:white ice caps 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648:partial vacuum 1640:impact craters 1566: 1551:carbon dioxide 1540: 1435:Main article: 1432: 1429: 1427:from the Sun. 1403: 1400: 1392:magnetic poles 1390:seen near the 1318:galactic bulge 1228:Main article: 1225: 1222: 1182: 1179: 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1076:from the Sun. 1056: 1053: 997:Halley's Comet 953: 950: 941:light pressure 914: 911: 886: 883: 826: 823: 804:proposes that 696: 693: 688:Main article: 685: 682: 644:, forming the 491:. Astronomers 455:system of the 443: 442: 436: 435:Orbital period 432: 431: 428: 426: 422: 421: 418: 416: 410: 409: 406: 403:galactic plane 395: 394: 387: 386: 383: 377: 376: 373: 367: 366: 363: 357: 356: 347: 340: 339: 334: 328: 327: 322: 316: 315: 311: 310: 307: 300: 299: 296: 289: 288: 285: 278: 277: 274: 273: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 219: 218: 216: 209: 208: 205: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 163: 162: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 131:Alpha Centauri 128: 121: 115: 114: 112: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 80: 79: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23137: 23126: 23123: 23121: 23120:Space science 23118: 23116: 23113: 23111: 23108: 23107: 23105: 23095: 23085: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23071: 23061: 23059: 23049: 23047: 23037: 23036: 23033: 23020: 23017: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23005: 23002: 23001: 22999: 22995: 22989: 22986: 22983: 22980: 22977: 22974: 22971: 22968: 22965: 22962: 22959: 22956: 22953: 22950: 22947: 22944: 22941: 22938: 22935: 22932: 22931: 22929: 22925: 22920: 22910: 22907: 22903: 22900: 22899: 22898: 22895: 22893: 22890: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22874: 22872: 22868: 22864: 22857: 22852: 22850: 22845: 22843: 22838: 22837: 22834: 22822: 22817: 22812: 22810: 22802: 22801: 22798: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22781:Intergalactic 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22761:Galactic year 22759: 22755: 22752: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22739: 22738: 22735: 22734: 22733: 22730: 22729: 22727: 22723: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22705: 22702: 22700: 22697: 22696: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22680: 22677: 22675: 22672: 22670: 22667: 22665: 22662: 22658: 22655: 22651: 22648: 22647: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22640:Most luminous 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22602: 22601: 22598: 22594: 22591: 22589: 22586: 22585: 22584: 22581: 22580: 22578: 22576: 22572: 22566: 22563: 22561: 22558: 22556: 22555:Proper motion 22553: 22551: 22548: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22530: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22518:Constellation 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22502: 22499: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22487: 22486:Solar eclipse 22484: 22483: 22482: 22479: 22478: 22476: 22472:Earth-centric 22470: 22464: 22461: 22457: 22454: 22452: 22449: 22447: 22444: 22443: 22442: 22439: 22437: 22434: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22411: 22410: 22407: 22406: 22404: 22402: 22398: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22384: 22382: 22379: 22377: 22374: 22372: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22303: 22301: 22297: 22291: 22288: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22278: 22276: 22273: 22271: 22268: 22264: 22261: 22260: 22259: 22256: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22243: 22242: 22239: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22226: 22225: 22222: 22218: 22215: 22213: 22210: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22194: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22181: 22178: 22176: 22173: 22172: 22171: 22168: 22166: 22163: 22162: 22160: 22158: 22154: 22148: 22145: 22141: 22138: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22117: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22106: 22103: 22101: 22098: 22096: 22093: 22091: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22073: 22071: 22070:Alpha process 22068: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22037: 22035: 22033: 22029: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21992: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21980: 21978: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21930: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21915: 21913: 21911: 21907: 21901: 21898: 21894: 21891: 21890: 21889: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21877: 21874: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21861: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21851: 21850: 21847: 21843: 21842:Helium planet 21840: 21839: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21832:Parker's star 21830: 21828: 21825: 21824: 21822: 21820: 21816: 21810: 21807: 21803: 21800: 21799: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21786: 21783: 21782: 21781: 21778: 21774: 21771: 21769: 21766: 21764: 21763:Lambda Boötis 21761: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21751: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21730: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21721: 21717: 21714: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21703: 21702: 21699: 21695: 21692: 21691: 21690: 21687: 21683: 21680: 21678: 21675: 21673: 21670: 21669: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21660: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21642: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21610: 21609: 21606: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21568: 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21555: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21543: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21529:Superluminous 21527: 21526: 21525: 21522: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21510: 21507: 21505: 21502: 21500: 21497: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21483: 21480: 21479: 21478: 21475: 21473: 21470: 21466: 21463: 21461: 21458: 21457: 21456: 21453: 21449: 21446: 21445: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21433:Main sequence 21431: 21430: 21428: 21426: 21422: 21416: 21413: 21411: 21410:Hayashi track 21408: 21406: 21403: 21399: 21396: 21394: 21391: 21389: 21386: 21384: 21381: 21380: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21360: 21358: 21356: 21352: 21346: 21343: 21342: 21339: 21335: 21328: 21323: 21321: 21316: 21314: 21309: 21308: 21305: 21280: 21277: 21276: 21274: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21264:rogue planets 21260: 21256: 21252: 21237: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21224: 21222: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21209: 21205: 21186: 21183: 21180: 21173: 21170: 21167: 21160: 21159:Lalande 21185 21157: 21154: 21147: 21144: 21137: 21134: 21133: 21131: 21129: 21121: 21115: 21111: 21107: 21103: 21099: 21096: 21092: 21089: 21080: 21077: 21076: 21074: 21071: 21063: 21060: 21057: 21056: 21054: 21052: 21048: 21041: 21034: 21031: 21030: 21028: 21026: 21022: 21019: 21017: 21014:Main-sequence 21011: 21007: 20992: 20989: 20986: 20977: 20973: 20969: 20966: 20958: 20953: 20951: 20946: 20944: 20939: 20938: 20935: 20922: 20913: 20910: 20901: 20900: 20897: 20890: 20886: 20881: 20877: 20874: 20870: 20867: 20863: 20862: 20860: 20856: 20851: 20847: 20844: 20840: 20837: 20833: 20830: 20826: 20825: 20823: 20819: 20816: 20812: 20809: 20805: 20802: 20798: 20795: 20791: 20788: 20784: 20779: 20775: 20774: 20772: 20771:Constellation 20768: 20765: 20761: 20758: 20754: 20751: 20750: 20745: 20742: 20738: 20735: 20731: 20728: 20724: 20721: 20717: 20714: 20710: 20707: 20703: 20700: 20696: 20695: 20693: 20689: 20682: 20678: 20675: 20671: 20668: 20664: 20661: 20657: 20654: 20650: 20647: 20643: 20640: 20636: 20633: 20629: 20626: 20622: 20619: 20615: 20612: 20608: 20607: 20605: 20603: 20597: 20586: 20582: 20577: 20573: 20572: 20570: 20566: 20563: 20559: 20556: 20552: 20549: 20545: 20542: 20538: 20535: 20531: 20528: 20524: 20521: 20517: 20514: 20510: 20507: 20503: 20500: 20496: 20493: 20489: 20488: 20486: 20484: 20480: 20473: 20469: 20466: 20462: 20459: 20455: 20452: 20448: 20445: 20441: 20438: 20434: 20431: 20427: 20426: 20424: 20422:Other methods 20420: 20413: 20409: 20404: 20400: 20399: 20397: 20393: 20390: 20386: 20383: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20362: 20359: 20358:Submillimetre 20355: 20352: 20348: 20347: 20345: 20341: 20332: 20328: 20327: 20325: 20321: 20318: 20317:Extragalactic 20314: 20310: 20309: 20307: 20303: 20296: 20292: 20289: 20285: 20282: 20281:Observational 20278: 20275: 20271: 20270: 20268: 20264: 20261: 20257: 20250: 20246: 20243: 20239: 20236: 20232: 20229: 20225: 20222: 20218: 20213: 20209: 20208: 20206: 20202: 20199: 20195: 20194: 20191: 20187: 20180: 20175: 20173: 20168: 20166: 20161: 20160: 20157: 20147: 20138: 20131: 20124: 20117: 20111: 20105: 20099: 20092: 20085: 20078: 20071: 20064: 20057: 20050: 20044: 20034: 20032: 20022: 20020: 20010: 20008: 20005: 20004: 20001: 19986: 19985:Tidal locking 19983: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19965:Double planet 19963: 19962: 19960: 19956: 19950: 19947: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19934: 19933: 19930: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19917:Minor planets 19915: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19899: 19897: 19893: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19875: 19872: 19871: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19858: 19855: 19851: 19850:Merging stars 19848: 19847: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19833: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19822: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19725: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19672: 19669: 19668: 19667: 19664: 19662: 19659: 19657: 19654: 19653: 19651: 19649: 19643: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19617: 19614: 19612: 19609: 19607: 19604: 19600: 19597: 19596: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19578: 19575: 19574: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19556: 19553: 19551: 19548: 19546: 19543: 19542: 19541: 19538: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19525: 19524: 19521: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19503: 19502: 19499: 19497: 19494: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19483: 19479: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19452:Subsatellites 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19419: 19417: 19415: 19412:Hypothetical 19409: 19406: 19397: 19394: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19359: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19353: 19350: 19346: 19343: 19341: 19338: 19337: 19336: 19333: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19285: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19278:Asteroid belt 19276: 19274: 19271: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19241: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19221: 19220: 19217: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19174: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19154: 19153: 19152:Minor planets 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19134: 19132: 19130: 19120: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19083: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19070: 19068: 19066: 19062: 19054: 19051: 19050: 19049: 19046: 19042: 19039: 19038: 19037: 19034: 19030: 19027: 19026: 19025: 19022: 19018: 19015: 19014: 19013: 19010: 19006: 19003: 19001: 18998: 18997: 18996: 18993: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18965: 18964: 18961: 18957: 18954: 18953: 18952: 18949: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18926: 18925: 18922: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18889: 18888: 18885: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18832: 18831: 18828: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18800: 18799: 18796: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18783: 18782: 18779: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18766: 18764: 18763: 18761: 18759: 18755: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18703: 18702: 18699: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18684: 18683: 18680: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18667: 18666: 18663: 18662: 18661: 18658: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18635: 18634: 18631: 18630: 18628: 18626: 18621: 18617: 18614: 18613: 18608: 18602: 18601: 18597: 18595: 18594: 18590: 18588: 18587: 18583: 18581: 18580: 18576: 18574: 18573: 18569: 18567: 18566: 18562: 18560: 18559: 18555: 18553: 18552: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18526: 18525: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18495: 18450: 18446: 18439: 18434: 18432: 18427: 18425: 18420: 18419: 18416: 18408:from Wikidata 18407: 18406: 18394: 18390: 18389: 18377: 18373: 18372: 18360: 18356: 18355: 18343: 18339: 18338: 18326: 18323:from Wikinews 18322: 18321: 18309: 18305: 18304: 18292: 18288: 18287: 18275: 18274: 18271: 18265: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18236: 18235: 18229: 18224: 18223: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18185: 18181: 18166: 18106: 18102: 18095: 18080: 18079: 18074: 18067: 18052: 18051: 18046: 18039: 18031: 18025: 18021: 18017: 18016: 18011: 18005: 17989: 17983: 17968: 17964: 17958: 17943: 17942: 17937: 17930: 17915: 17911: 17907: 17903: 17896: 17880: 17876: 17872: 17866: 17850: 17846: 17845:New Scientist 17842: 17835: 17819: 17815: 17811: 17804: 17788: 17784: 17778: 17762: 17758: 17754: 17747: 17741: 17736: 17732: 17728: 17724: 17720: 17716: 17709: 17693: 17689: 17685: 17681: 17677: 17673: 17669: 17665: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17647: 17643: 17639: 17632: 17624: 17618: 17614: 17613: 17605: 17597: 17593: 17589: 17585: 17581: 17577: 17573: 17569: 17562: 17543: 17539: 17535: 17531: 17527: 17523: 17519: 17515: 17511: 17504: 17497: 17481: 17477: 17471: 17467: 17466: 17461: 17457: 17451: 17435: 17431: 17425: 17421: 17417: 17413: 17409: 17402: 17383: 17379: 17378: 17373: 17369: 17365: 17357: 17353: 17352: 17346: 17341: 17329: 17325: 17324: 17319: 17315: 17314: 17310: 17301: 17296: 17292: 17288: 17284: 17280: 17273: 17257: 17253: 17249: 17243: 17227: 17223: 17219: 17215: 17211: 17207: 17203: 17199: 17195: 17191: 17187: 17183: 17176: 17168: 17164: 17160: 17156: 17149: 17133: 17129: 17125: 17121: 17115: 17111: 17110: 17102: 17094: 17088: 17084: 17080: 17075: 17074: 17065: 17057: 17053: 17049: 17048: 17040: 17024: 17020: 17014: 17010: 17009: 17001: 16985: 16981: 16977: 16973: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16930: 16914: 16910: 16906: 16902: 16898: 16894: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16861: 16845: 16841: 16837: 16830: 16828: 16826: 16809: 16805: 16801: 16797: 16793: 16789: 16785: 16781: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16763: 16759: 16755: 16748: 16740: 16736: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16706: 16702: 16701: 16693: 16677: 16673: 16669: 16665: 16659: 16655: 16654: 16646: 16630: 16626: 16622: 16615: 16607: 16603: 16599: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16581: 16577: 16570: 16562: 16558: 16553: 16548: 16544: 16540: 16533: 16525: 16521: 16517: 16513: 16509: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16491: 16487: 16486: 16478: 16462: 16458: 16452: 16448: 16447: 16439: 16437: 16427: 16422: 16418: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16400: 16396: 16395: 16390: 16383: 16375: 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15706: 15701: 15696: 15692: 15688: 15681: 15673: 15669: 15663: 15655: 15649: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15615: 15608: 15599: 15594: 15590: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15572: 15568: 15564: 15557: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15527: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15510:(1): L6–L10. 15509: 15505: 15504: 15499: 15492: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15462: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15439: 15434: 15427: 15407: 15402: 15398: 15394: 15390: 15386: 15382: 15378: 15374: 15370: 15366: 15365: 15357: 15353: 15349: 15343: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15301: 15297: 15296: 15288: 15272: 15268: 15264: 15258: 15242: 15238: 15234: 15227: 15225: 15216: 15212: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15196: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15173: 15171: 15154: 15150: 15146: 15139: 15131: 15127: 15123: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15087: 15083: 15082: 15077: 15070: 15051: 15047: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15013: 15009: 15008: 15000: 14993: 14977: 14973: 14969: 14963: 14955: 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12668: 12660: 12652: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12634: 12626: 12611:on 2 May 2009 12610: 12606: 12602: 12595: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12535: 12527: 12523: 12516: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12486: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12449: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12396: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12361: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12315: 12299: 12295: 12288: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12232:(1): 261–95. 12231: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12211: 12202: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12182: 12175: 12168: 12166: 12149: 12143: 12127: 12123: 12117: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12086: 12084: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12017: 12010: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11927: 11916: 11912: 11910:0-521-81808-7 11906: 11902: 11895: 11888: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11857: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11806: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11755: 11739: 11735: 11729: 11725: 11724: 11716: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11679: 11671: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11644: 11642: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11604: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11574: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11523: 11521: 11504: 11500: 11496: 11490: 11481: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11449: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11407: 11403: 11396: 11387: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11341: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11288: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11258: 11250: 11249:Asteroids III 11243: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11190: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11160: 11153: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11121: 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10267: 10265: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10199: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10146: 10138: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10117: 10109: 10102: 10098: 10095: 10090: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10020: 10012: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9949: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9923: 9916: 9903: 9899: 9893: 9877: 9873: 9872: 9867: 9861: 9845: 9841: 9840: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9820:public domain 9802: 9798: 9794: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9736:public domain 9727: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9709: 9708: 9701: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9670: 9662: 9655: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9578: 9569: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9536: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9445: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9387: 9382: 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6657: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6532:Levison, H.F. 6527: 6525: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6493: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6462: 6460: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6357:(1): 98–105. 6356: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6282: 6277: 6270: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6227: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6185: 6184:"The Planets" 6179: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5805:9783527629190 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5666: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5625:(A12): 1437. 5624: 5620: 5619: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5574:Solar Physics 5568: 5566: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5372: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5206: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5126:Bouvier, A.; 5122: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5057: 5053: 5052:astro4edu.org 5049: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5011: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4949: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4851: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4772: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4651: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4595: 4591: 4586:Other sources 4568: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4324: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4281: 4277: 4276:astro.gsu.edu 4273: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4202: 4180: 4178: 4170: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4140: 4134: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4059: 4055: 4032: 4028: 4005: 4001: 3978: 3974: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3806: 3805:galactic pole 3802: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:Asteroid Belt 3717: 3713: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3650: 3639: 3636: 3625: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3557:'s theory of 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3508:Emanuel Bowen 3504: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3467:Edmond Halley 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3434:in 1631, and 3433: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3371: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3298:galactic year 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3257:Galactic year 3254: 3244: 3234: 3233:Scholz's Star 3230: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202:star clusters 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3065: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3026:galactic tide 3023: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2943:meteor shower 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2866:, creating a 2865: 2861: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2825: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2628:dwarf planets 2623: 2621: 2611: 2606: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2521:binary system 2518: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2487:2:3 resonance 2484: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2467:dwarf planets 2462: 2460: 2459: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2270:internal heat 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1994:Outer planets 1991: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:giant planets 1966: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1897:and numerous 1896: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1811: 1810:asteroid belt 1804:Asteroid belt 1798: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1727: 1722: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1621:magnetosphere 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1563:lid tectonics 1560: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521:thrust faults 1518: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1431:Inner planets 1428: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380:space weather 1377: 1373: 1368: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1351:) called the 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337:magnetosphere 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1300:The Sun is a 1298: 1296: 1293:stars in the 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283:hottest stars 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1268:visible light 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1236: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1192: 1187: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1088:based on the 1087: 1083: 1077: 1061: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 975: 974:outer planets 970: 963: 962:inner planets 958: 949: 947: 942: 937: 935: 930: 924: 920: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:asteroid belt 892: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 862: 860: 855: 846: 842: 840: 836: 832: 822: 820: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 787:main-sequence 784: 780: 779:reaction rate 776: 771: 768: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 745: 741: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 706: 701: 691: 681: 679: 675: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 632: 628: 624: 623:asteroid belt 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559:dwarf planets 555: 553: 552:giant planets 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 441: 440:million years 437: 433: 427: 425:Orbital speed 423: 417: 411: 407: 404: 400: 396: 393: 388: 384: 382: 378: 374: 372: 368: 364: 362: 358: 353: 348: 345: 341: 335: 333: 329: 326: 323: 321: 317: 312: 308: 306: 301: 297: 295: 290: 286: 284: 279: 272: 271: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 217: 215: 210: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 164: 161: 157: 154: 151: 147: 142: 134: 132: 129: 126: 122: 120: 117: 116: 113: 109: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 70: 66: 59: 55: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 23110:Solar System 23046:Solar System 23004:Solar System 23003: 22684:White dwarfs 22674:Brown dwarfs 22657:Most distant 22605:Most massive 22583:Proper names 22543:Photographic 22496:Solar System 22495: 22474:observations 22401:Star systems 22224:Stellar wind 22207:Chromosphere 22180:Oscillations 22060:Helium flash 21910:Hypothetical 21888:X-ray binary 21827:Compact star 21662:Bright giant 21415:Henyey track 21393:Herbig Ae/Be 21212:Brown dwarfs 21127:(red dwarfs) 21070:Solar System 21069: 20747: 20727:Astrophysics 20706:Astrobiology 20370:Far-infrared 20324:Local system 20323: 20259:Astronomy by 20249:... in space 20141:Each arrow ( 20063:Local Bubble 20049:Solar System 20048: 20047: 19840:Planetesimal 19795:Kuiper cliff 19523:Space probes 19496:Colonization 19335:Kirkwood gap 19256:Saturn Moons 19169:Planetesimal 18633:Terrestrials 18598: 18591: 18584: 18577: 18570: 18563: 18556: 18549: 18522: 18445:Solar System 18444: 18403: 18386: 18369: 18352: 18335: 18318: 18306:from Commons 18301: 18284: 18264:Solar System 18263: 18232: 18206:Online books 18197:Solar System 18196: 18110:23 September 18108:. Retrieved 18104: 18094: 18082:. Retrieved 18076: 18066: 18054:. Retrieved 18048: 18038: 18020:Bantam Books 18018:. New York: 18014: 18004: 17992:. Retrieved 17982: 17970:. Retrieved 17966: 17957: 17945:. Retrieved 17939: 17929: 17917:. Retrieved 17905: 17895: 17883:. Retrieved 17874: 17865: 17853:. Retrieved 17844: 17834: 17822:. Retrieved 17818:the original 17813: 17803: 17791:. Retrieved 17783:"Fact Sheet" 17777: 17765:. Retrieved 17756: 17746: 17718: 17714: 17708: 17696:. Retrieved 17645: 17641: 17631: 17611: 17604: 17571: 17567: 17561: 17549:. Retrieved 17513: 17509: 17496: 17484:. Retrieved 17464: 17450: 17438:. Retrieved 17411: 17401: 17386:. Retrieved 17376: 17349: 17332:. Retrieved 17321: 17309: 17282: 17278: 17272: 17260:. Retrieved 17251: 17242: 17230:. Retrieved 17189: 17185: 17175: 17158: 17154: 17148: 17136:. Retrieved 17108: 17101: 17072: 17064: 17045: 17039: 17027:. Retrieved 17007: 17000: 16988:. Retrieved 16943: 16939: 16929: 16917:. 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Retrieved 4275: 4266: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4197:Data sources 4163: 4146: 4133: 4117: 4110: 4083: 3716: 3609: 3597: 3586: 3570:Sun's corona 3563: 3529: 3513: 3486: 3483:Isaac Newton 3451:Simon Marius 3444: 3421: 3411: 3399:heliocentric 3393:philosopher 3376: 3338: 3318: 3295: 3272: 3226: 3199: 3186: 3180: 3172:Local Bubble 3161: 3131: 3045: 3034: 3014: 3010: 2947: 2924: 2916: 2872: 2853: 2850:seen in 1997 2810: 2799: 2796: 2779: 2769: 2737: 2717:eccentricity 2706: 2694: 2681:Leleākūhonua 2624: 2616: 2576: 2540: 2463: 2454: 2442: 2438: 2388: 2359: 2323:thermosphere 2027: 2000:Giant planet 1972: 1939: 1933: 1873:cryovolcanic 1846:protoplanets 1843: 1807: 1739:carbonaceous 1732: 1676:rift valleys 1502:rift valleys 1470:ring systems 1463: 1405: 1382:and causing 1372:solar flares 1369: 1334: 1299: 1272: 1244:Earth masses 1241: 1211: 1207: 1199:super-Earths 1196: 1171:liquid water 1164: 1152: 1143:Habitability 1129: 1109:Avicii Arena 1094: 1078: 1066: 1041: 1030: 1024: 1010: 990: 979: 938: 926: 888: 863: 851: 828: 795: 772: 764: 753: 749:minor bodies 721: 710: 635: 556: 501: 449:Solar System 448: 446: 390:Orbit about 361:Kuiper cliff 269: 111:Nearest star 91:Local Bubble 40:Solar System 36: 23094:Spaceflight 22737:Brown dwarf 22513:Circumpolar 22391:Kraft break 22371:Color index 22346:Metallicity 22306:Designation 22275:Cosmic dust 22197:Photosphere 21963:Dark-energy 21938:Electroweak 21923:Black dwarf 21854:Radio-quiet 21837:White dwarf 21723:White dwarf 21373:Bok globule 20794:Planetarium 20451:High-energy 20437:Cosmic rays 20389:Ultraviolet 20104:Local Sheet 20098:Local Group 19881:Rubble pile 19869:Roche limit 19864:Ring system 19815:Outer space 19790:Kuiper belt 19760:Hill sphere 19755:Hills cloud 19703:Debris disk 19698:Cosmic dust 19482:Exploration 19437:Planet Nine 19422:Fifth giant 19396:Hills cloud 19357:Kuiper belt 19328:exceptional 19244:Trojan camp 18286:Definitions 17947:8 September 17885:15 December 17460:Druyan, Ann 17456:Sagan, Carl 17372:Locke, John 17161:(4): 1305. 14852:"Meteoroid" 13315:Brown, Mike 13264:26 December 13124:26 December 12870:Brown, M.E. 12736:Stern, Alan 12505:23 February 12373:(1): 1–12. 11593:22 December 11509:28 December 10602:(10): 105. 10402:11 November 10312:: 409–422. 9273:"Ice Sheet" 9226:31 December 9006:19 November 8969:26 December 8106:: 477–498. 7953:. pp. 6150:11336/82487 5936:10 December 5772:: 215–227. 5386:(2): L137. 5194:27 December 5062:11 December 4573:13 December 4543:20 February 4427:11 December 3726:Kuiper Belt 3465:. In 1677, 3418:Tycho Brahe 3383:Renaissance 3323:(where the 3283:light-years 3241:100 AU 3176:superbubble 3072:Hill sphere 3037:Planet Nine 3030:tidal force 3020:(~0.9 3005:Kuiper belt 2979:Planet Nine 2920:micrometers 2905:Cosmic dust 2854:Comets are 2792:heliosheath 2776:heliosphere 2711:ETNOs have 2691:(dark blue) 2689:Planet Nine 2435:are marked. 2421:Kuiper belt 2411:Kuiper belt 2405:Kuiper belt 2375:2060 Chiron 2151:ring system 1988:sublimation 1907:metamorphic 1814:3.3 AU 1525:ray systems 1523:and bright 1494:atmospheres 1365:100 AU 1341:heliosphere 1306:spiral arms 1266:peaking in 1203:Planet Nine 1156:cosmic rays 1070:5.2 AU 913:Composition 903:Kuiper belt 867:white dwarf 791:heliosphere 736:200 AU 726:collapsed, 646:heliosphere 627:Kuiper belt 538:); and two 489:photosphere 463:it. It was 413:Distance to 405:inclination 381:Hill sphere 23104:Categories 22958:Nine Views 22699:Candidates 22694:Supernovae 22679:Red dwarfs 22538:Extinction 22326:Kinematics 22321:Luminosity 22299:Properties 22192:Atmosphere 22090:Si burning 22080:Ne burning 22018:White hole 21991:Quasi-star 21918:Blue dwarf 21773:Technetium 21689:Hypergiant 21667:Supergiant 21235:0.0011 ly) 21191:0.0009 ly) 21165:0.0007 ly) 21152:0.0013 ly) 21142:0.0004 ly) 21085:0.0022 ly) 21039:0.0054 ly) 20787:Photometry 20764:Binoculars 20741:Astrometry 20602:telescopes 20499:Babylonian 20343:EM methods 20221:Astronomer 20123:Local Hole 20070:Gould Belt 19810:Oort cloud 19646:Formation, 19636:Deep space 19472:Vulcanoids 19389:Oort cloud 19313:first 1000 19249:Greek camp 19147:Meteoroids 19142:Damocloids 19088:Charikloan 18337:Quotations 18180:Audio help 18171:2021-05-31 18084:18 January 17655:2102.04248 17366:required.) 17262:27 October 17081:. p. 16771:1904.05721 16408:2311.12171 16349:1502.04655 16285:2001.08748 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6052:2404.04422 5907:2311.12171 5128:Wadhwa, M. 4929:2005.13059 4731:2309.03885 4513:29 January 4483:4 December 4457:29 January 4286:2 December 4192:References 3750:meteorites 3746:inclusions 3516:John Locke 3355:on Earth. 3345:supernovae 3333:Oort cloud 3302:solar apex 3251:See also: 3191:Gould Belt 3064:Comet West 3017:Oort cloud 2997:Oort cloud 2973:See also: 2963:40 AU 2959:10 AU 2884:hyperbolic 2770:The Sun's 2747:Mike Brown 2677:2012 VP113 2541:anti-Pluto 2525:barycenter 2497:: Charon, 2258:axial tilt 2216:Polydeuces 2084:and cause 2039:ice giants 2035:gas giants 1911:Rheasilvia 1771:vulcanoids 1664:iron oxide 1613:ice sheets 1611:and white 1605:vegetation 1537:solar-wind 1527:formed by 1474:refractory 1421:frost line 1353:solar wind 1287:red dwarfs 1074:30 AU 1026:perihelion 946:frost line 837:, and may 802:Nice model 760:refractory 756:frost line 662:Oort cloud 654:heliopause 642:solar wind 615:meteoroids 601:, such as 540:ice giants 528:gas giants 399:Invariable 371:Heliopause 349:30.07 AU ( 337:~5 AU 332:Frost line 144:Population 23058:Astronomy 22909:Tellurion 22887:Astrarium 22630:Brightest 22528:Magnitude 22508:Pole star 22429:Symbiotic 22424:Eclipsing 22356:Starlight 22157:Structure 22147:Supernova 22140:Micronova 22135:Recurrent 22120:Symbiotic 22105:p-process 22100:r-process 22095:s-process 22085:O burning 22075:C burning 22055:CNO cycle 21998:Gravastar 21534:Hypernova 21524:Supernova 21499:Dredge-up 21472:Blue loop 21465:super-AGB 21448:Red clump 21425:Evolution 21383:Protostar 21363:Accretion 21355:Formation 21285:0.041 ly) 21229:Luhman 16 21178:0.012 ly) 20859:Telescope 20465:Spherical 20412:Gamma-ray 20381:(optical) 20186:Astronomy 20084:Milky Way 20077:Orion Arm 19845:Formation 19830:Migration 19825:Disrupted 19693:Coatlicue 19661:Accretion 19648:evolution 19594:Asteroids 19506:astronomy 19501:Discovery 19362:Cubewanos 19283:Asteroids 19113:Quaoarian 19103:Neptunian 19093:Chironean 19078:Saturnian 18860:Enceladus 18388:Resources 18371:Textbooks 18136:hour and 18105:Space.com 18050:SpaceNews 17914:0362-4331 17688:231846880 17680:0002-9505 17596:122482074 17412:Comets II 17374:(1754) . 17222:120470649 17214:0021-8286 17128:182818133 16972:0567-7920 16884:0905.3919 16804:119190574 16796:0004-6361 16589:0707.4515 16552:1003.2489 16318:210086520 16219:(1): 24. 16196:210086520 16132:245906333 16116:1476-4687 16053:203642080 16045:0004-637X 16011:(1): 41. 15914:203642080 15880:(1): 19. 15853:2041-8205 15725:195584070 15573:(2): 59. 15334:119248548 15215:205013399 15130:237581632 15122:2041-8205 14954:228840132 14946:2169-9097 14866:24 August 14790:129972426 14743:189827311 14645:: 78–93. 14562:235400678 14546:0067-0049 14522:(2): 40. 14494:239998560 14486:0004-637X 14383:0148-0227 14318:0038-6308 14296:(2): 18. 14236:24 August 14147:119433944 14082:119071596 13738:1476-4687 13689:119270442 13655:(1): L9. 13568:252620869 13544:(9): 19. 13450:926914921 13111:0037-8720 13011:15 August 12852:126574999 12830:: 30–38. 12706:0028-0836 12681:1409.7259 12352:250909885 12187:: 54–71. 12122:"Calypso" 11707:223304585 11563:25 August 11415:1110.4810 11332:205225571 11205:7 October 11144:206541950 10850:135013590 10812:133739176 10728:4 January 10715:212927521 10547:119906696 10539:0004-6256 10339:30 August 10253:1 October 10190:118612132 10165:1301.3804 10061:0935-4956 9644:6 January 9604:0028-0836 9411:240071005 9287:3 January 9257:3 January 9168:3 October 9103:30 August 9051:. E04S06. 8934:11 August 8921:133864520 8913:1752-0894 8829:121301247 8778:0148-0227 8756:CiteSeerX 8652:CiteSeerX 8548:0025-5769 8344:961476196 8321:Astronomy 8165:CiteSeerX 8079:246842719 7912:(1): 12. 7804:118052299 7749:119187392 7741:1538-3881 7636:119119390 7326:Astronomy 7307:145268784 7291:0021-1753 7244:0002-9505 7166:119255559 7141:1203.4898 7111:118681206 7086:1104.1032 6906:(1989) . 6879:227002144 6755:1476-4687 6322:3 January 6158:256708667 5977:0801.4031 5814:118414100 5779:0903.3008 5702:120275197 5602:120541081 5556:118940644 5250:1101.3090 5001:119235554 4974:1309.2629 4883:0004-6299 4796:CiteSeerX 4312:14 August 4258:118492541 4250:0004-6256 4225:1407.4820 4218:(5): 91. 4056:α 4029:β 4002:α 3975:β 3943:β 3936:⁡ 3921:β 3914:⁡ 3896:α 3892:− 3883:α 3876:⁡ 3861:β 3854:⁡ 3839:β 3832:⁡ 3823:ψ 3820:⁡ 3787:ψ 3561:in 1915. 3291:thin disk 3275:Milky Way 3195:Orion Arm 3153:exoplanet 3146:red dwarf 2961:to about 2937:, called 2918:~30 2897:Meteoroid 2876:Hale–Bopp 2860:sublimate 2822:bow shock 2713:perihelia 2709:scattered 2577:classical 2563:ellipsoid 2445:classical 2370:perturbed 2185:Enceladus 2174:shepherds 1981:and many 1767:perihelia 1715:Asteroids 1559:stripping 1478:silicates 1468:, and no 1425:5 AU 1416:silicates 1412:asteroids 1310:Milky Way 1295:Milky Way 1254:, mostly 1113:Stockholm 934:asteroids 859:red giant 744:accretion 740:protostar 678:Milky Way 603:asteroids 298:1,368,528 101:Milky Way 22809:Category 22704:Remnants 22600:Extremes 22560:Parallax 22533:Apparent 22523:Asterism 22501:Sunlight 22451:Globular 22436:Multiple 22361:Variable 22351:Rotation 22311:Dynamics 22202:Starspot 21876:Magnetar 21819:Remnants 21635:Subgiant 21608:Subdwarf 21460:post-AGB 21185:Ross 154 21146:Wolf 359 21104:?; Bc?; 20909:Category 20618:Category 20513:Egyptian 20430:Neutrino 20365:Infrared 20313:Galactic 20288:Sidewalk 20242:Glossary 20212:Timeline 20137:Universe 19975:Moonlets 19555:programs 19528:timeline 19516:timeline 19447:Planet X 19442:Planet V 19379:Sednoids 19367:Plutinos 19340:Centaurs 19318:families 19053:Dysnomia 19041:Xiangliu 19036:Gonggong 19024:Makemake 18983:Kerberos 18870:Hyperion 18808:Callisto 18803:Ganymede 18736:Gonggong 18731:Makemake 18586:Gonggong 18579:Makemake 18182: · 18056:13 March 17919:20 April 17879:Archived 17855:20 April 17849:Archived 17824:20 April 17787:Archived 17767:20 April 17761:Archived 17692:Archived 17542:Archived 17538:54867823 17480:Archived 17462:(1997). 17434:Archived 17388:18 March 17382:Archived 17334:17 March 17328:Archived 17256:Archived 17226:Archived 17132:Archived 17023:Archived 16984:Archived 16980:54021858 16913:Archived 16844:Archived 16808:Archived 16739:16568545 16682:29 March 16676:Archived 16672:56727455 16629:Archived 16524:15757160 16461:Archived 16374:40618530 16342:(1): 4. 16310:31910431 16251:54224451 16188:31910431 16124:35022612 15973:27558064 15756:10 April 15750:Archived 15546:20 April 15540:Archived 15481:20 April 15475:Archived 15393:24670765 15354:(2014). 15302:: 1–53. 15271:Archived 15241:Archived 15207:11214311 15153:Archived 15050:Archived 15046:38710056 14976:Archived 14974:. 2003. 14827:Archived 14800:10 April 14794:Archived 14622:31 March 14616:Archived 14417:Archived 14387:Archived 14336:36874191 14268:29 March 14262:Archived 14174:Archived 14016:46766640 13982:(1): 5. 13910:21468196 13902:17569855 13844:Archived 13814:Archived 13780:Archived 13742:Wikidata 13620:Archived 13590:Archived 13511:Archived 13481:Archived 13454:Archived 13413:25 March 13407:Archived 13377:Archived 13348:Archived 13317:(2008). 13294:31 March 13288:Archived 13115:Archived 13069:14820512 13002:Archived 12998:54079935 12925:Archived 12748:Archived 12714:24670644 12584:31 March 12575:Archived 12563:17793016 12499:Archived 12440:18688556 12298:Archived 12277:21 April 12268:Archived 12264:13282788 12126:Archived 12106:21 April 12100:Archived 12096:phys.org 12072:21 April 12063:Archived 12051:15731439 11993:17960236 11946:31 March 11940:Archived 11848:21272762 11840:10325220 11789:15919987 11744:13 April 11738:Archived 11587:Archived 11557:Archived 11503:Archived 11440:59474402 11324:21796207 11271:Archived 11179:22 April 11173:Archived 11136:22582256 11050:22 April 11044:Archived 11014:Archived 10983:22 April 10977:Archived 10946:14 April 10940:Archived 10916:22 April 10910:Archived 10876:Archived 10748:Archived 10719:Archived 10647:Archived 10620:Archived 10569:Archived 10488:22 March 10365:10 March 10359:Archived 10330:Archived 10280:Archived 10247:Archived 10097:Archived 10073:Archived 10029:(1): 5. 9942:21 April 9936:Archived 9928:"Deimos" 9908:21 April 9902:Archived 9866:"Phobos" 9844:Archived 9807:22 April 9778:45843366 9722:Archived 9711:Archived 9638:Archived 9608:Archived 9541:(2007). 9525:17 March 9494:12 April 9488:Archived 9434:15 March 9326:12 April 9320:Archived 9281:Archived 9251:Archived 9220:Archived 9195:24 March 9077:21 April 9071:Archived 8925:Archived 8861:21 April 8855:Archived 8786:22408219 8722:20 April 8682:17741171 8627:(1981). 8566:29 March 8560:Archived 8556:27971203 8451:Archived 8378:Archived 8348:Archived 8326:OpenStax 8293:Archived 8262:Archived 8226:Archived 8222:53443301 8187:14077895 8047:: A131. 8017:Archived 8013:Stanford 7987:Archived 7859:16419857 7673:31 March 7667:Archived 7570:Archived 7554:Archived 7445:Archived 7330:Archived 7248:Archived 7195:28 March 7189:Archived 7012:Archived 6981:55949289 6857:(2007). 6828:28 March 6822:Archived 6781:28 March 6775:Archived 6763:16688170 6698:Archived 6671:Archived 6566:14647375 6482:28 March 6476:Archived 6415:Archived 6389:Archived 6210:Archived 6208:. NASA. 6162:Archived 6085:Archived 6004:10073988 5930:Archived 5873:11606772 5751:15917802 5657:11148141 5495:10 April 5486:Archived 5418:15244154 5355:Archived 5323:27720602 5315:15637266 5188:Archived 5160:56092512 5113:55944238 5056:Archived 5032:19 April 5026:Archived 4887:Archived 4839:19 April 4829:nasa.gov 4754:Archived 4697:54079935 4640:19 April 4614:8 August 4567:Archived 4537:Archived 4507:Archived 4477:Archived 4451:Archived 4421:Archived 4374:Archived 4339:Archived 4306:Archived 4280:Archived 4122:Archived 4103:Archived 3621:See also 3306:Hercules 3220:and the 2729:sednoids 2725:detached 2650:Xiangliu 2646:Gonggong 2640:Dysnomia 2573:Makemake 2507:Kerberos 2491:plutinos 2350:Centaurs 2231:Hyperion 2170:moonlets 2124:Callisto 2120:Ganymede 2105:Amalthea 2101:Adrastea 1979:centaurs 1915:Veneneia 1903:basaltic 1877:volatile 1869:hydrated 1750:families 1721:Asteroid 1708:craters. 1680:minerals 1587:and 21% 1585:nitrogen 1533:basaltic 1498:tectonic 1410:and the 1326:universe 1256:radiated 1101:orreries 1032:aphelion 1001:prograde 982:ecliptic 767:volatile 680:galaxy. 611:centaurs 587:Gonggong 583:Makemake 495:it as a 493:classify 365:50–70 AU 253:Gonggong 248:Makemake 76:Location 23032:Portals 22997:Related 22870:Devices 22776:Gravity 22725:Related 22645:Nearest 22593:Chinese 22441:Cluster 22414:Contact 22251:Proplyd 22125:Remnant 22013:Blitzar 21987:Hawking 21943:Strange 21893:Burster 21849:Neutron 21802:Extreme 21753:He-weak 21398:T Tauri 21231:(6.5029 21187:(9.7063 21161:(8.3044 21148:(7.8558 21138:(5.9629 21081:(4.3441 21035:(8.7094 20983:member 20981:Primary 20921:Commons 20873:history 20843:Russian 20691:Related 20600:Optical 20585:Tibetan 20569:Serbian 20562:Persian 20506:Chinese 20483:Culture 20403:History 20274:Amateur 20205:History 20198:Outline 19958:Related 19937:by size 19626:Neptune 19611:Jupiter 19562:Mercury 19487:outline 19432:Phaeton 19427:Nemesis 19414:objects 19266:Neptune 19239:Jupiter 19219:Trojans 19212:Neptune 19197:Jupiter 19177:Mercury 19108:Haumean 19098:Uranian 19080: ( 19000:Hiʻiaka 18934:Proteus 18924:Neptune 18912:Miranda 18902:Umbriel 18892:Titania 18880:all 146 18845:Iapetus 18798:Jupiter 18692:Neptune 18670:Jupiter 18638:Mercury 18620:Planets 18545:Neptune 18530:Jupiter 18503:Mercury 18169: ( 18140:minutes 17793:3 March 17785:. JPL. 17723:Bibcode 17698:1 April 17660:Bibcode 17576:Bibcode 17551:3 April 17530:3654879 17486:28 June 17440:7 April 17416:Bibcode 17318:"solar" 17287:Bibcode 17232:1 April 17194:Bibcode 17163:Bibcode 17138:1 April 17052:Bibcode 16990:1 April 16919:1 April 16909:2028999 16889:Bibcode 16814:1 April 16776:Bibcode 16764:: L10. 16719:Bibcode 16635:2 April 16594:Bibcode 16557:Bibcode 16545:: 185. 16504:Bibcode 16467:8 April 16413:Bibcode 16354:Bibcode 16290:Bibcode 16231:Bibcode 16168:Bibcode 16096:Bibcode 16023:Bibcode 15981:4451513 15953:Bibcode 15892:Bibcode 15831:Bibcode 15727:. A139. 15705:Bibcode 15628:Bibcode 15585:Bibcode 15522:Bibcode 15457:Bibcode 15401:4393431 15373:Bibcode 15314:Bibcode 15247:23 June 15187:Bibcode 15159:7 April 15100:Bibcode 15026:Bibcode 14924:Bibcode 14836:25 July 14770:Bibcode 14723:Bibcode 14684:Bibcode 14670:comets" 14647:Bibcode 14592:23 June 14554:1890983 14524:Bibcode 14464:Bibcode 14423:9 April 14393:9 April 14363:Bibcode 14327:9974711 14298:Bibcode 14219:Bibcode 14217:: 268. 14180:23 June 14125:Bibcode 14060:Bibcode 13994:Bibcode 13937:Bibcode 13882:Bibcode 13874:Science 13850:2 April 13820:16 July 13718:Bibcode 13667:Bibcode 13626:15 July 13596:9 April 13546:Bibcode 13517:9 April 13460:9 April 13357:9 April 13239:Bibcode 13195:Bibcode 13160:Bibcode 13099:Bibcode 13049:Bibcode 12978:Bibcode 12921:2578831 12901:Bibcode 12832:Bibcode 12722:4467484 12686:Bibcode 12647:Bibcode 12615:23 June 12571:1948948 12543:Bibcode 12534:Science 12465:Bibcode 12420:Bibcode 12375:Bibcode 12332:Bibcode 12304:6 April 12244:Bibcode 12189:Bibcode 12059:1058405 12031:Bibcode 12023:Science 12001:4330204 11973:Bibcode 11820:Bibcode 11812:Science 11769:Bibcode 11761:Science 11658:Bibcode 11541:Bibcode 11467:Bibcode 11420:Bibcode 11373:Bibcode 11304:Bibcode 11277:13 June 11230:Bibcode 11228:: 719. 11116:Bibcode 11108:Science 11079:Bibcode 11020:3 April 10885:19 July 10790:Bibcode 10746:. IAU. 10685:Bibcode 10653:30 July 10604:Bibcode 10575:1 March 10517:Bibcode 10463:Bibcode 10314:Bibcode 10229:Bibcode 10170:Bibcode 10125:Bibcode 10079:9 March 10069:7683815 10041:Bibcode 10001:1 March 9971:1 March 9882:19 July 9850:25 July 9758:Bibcode 9705:NASA – 9690:23 July 9614:9 April 9555:Bibcode 9391:Bibcode 9183:Staff. 9035:Bibcode 8893:Bibcode 8809:Bibcode 8748:Bibcode 8644:Bibcode 8636:Science 8592:Bibcode 8492:Bibcode 8457:2 April 8415:Bibcode 8384:1 April 8354:9 March 8299:1 April 8268:2 April 8232:1 April 8157:Bibcode 8108:Bibcode 8059:Bibcode 7993:6 April 7955:120–127 7914:Bibcode 7839:Bibcode 7784:Bibcode 7719:Bibcode 7659:Bibcode 7616:Bibcode 7560:6 April 7521:8 April 7478:Bibcode 7451:2 April 7336:9 April 7254:2 April 7224:Bibcode 7146:Bibcode 7091:Bibcode 7042:Bibcode 6961:Bibcode 6818:6533014 6771:4420518 6735:Bibcode 6599:Bibcode 6574:4395099 6546:Bibcode 6448:31 July 6421:12 July 6401:citing 6395:29 July 6359:Bibcode 6247:Bibcode 6216:6 April 6190:6 April 6130:Bibcode 6091:6 April 5982:Bibcode 5912:Bibcode 5841:Bibcode 5784:Bibcode 5729:Bibcode 5682:Bibcode 5637:Bibcode 5582:Bibcode 5536:Bibcode 5478:Bibcode 5398:Bibcode 5361:9 April 5295:Bibcode 5286:Science 5255:Bibcode 5218:Bibcode 5140:Bibcode 5091:Bibcode 4979:Bibcode 4871:Bibcode 4869:: 812. 4788:Bibcode 4736:Bibcode 4677:Bibcode 4380:18 July 4230:Bibcode 3587:Voyager 3543:Neptune 3520:a comet 3497:gravity 3495:and of 3447:Galileo 3138:G-Cloud 3126:G-Cloud 2995:of the 2939:meteors 2801:Cassini 2555:Hiʻiaka 2356:Centaur 2341:geysers 2317:Neptune 2304:Miranda 2296:Umbriel 2288:Titania 2281:chaotic 2235:Iapetus 2208:Telesto 2204:Calypso 2086:auroras 2064:Jupiter 2047:kelvins 2022:Neptune 2010:Jupiter 1941:Trojans 1609:deserts 1597:weather 1593:climate 1511:Mercury 1486:mantles 1447:Mercury 1388:aurorae 1339:is the 1308:of the 1017:ellipse 854:remnant 835:chaotic 810:migrate 722:As the 548:Neptune 532:Jupiter 526:); two 512:Mercury 504:planets 479:by the 451:is the 352:Neptune 202:Neptune 187:Jupiter 167:Mercury 159:Planets 22927:Models 22897:Orrery 22766:Galaxy 22754:Planet 22742:Desert 22650:bright 22588:Arabic 22409:Binary 22229:Bubble 21953:Planck 21928:Exotic 21864:Binary 21859:Pulsar 21797:Helium 21758:Barium 21701:Carbon 21694:Yellow 21682:Yellow 21655:Yellow 21494:PG1159 21281:(7.430 21272:Y-type 21221:L-type 21174:(8.724 21124:M-type 21061:(0 ly) 21051:G-type 21025:A-type 20889:Zodiac 20829:French 20534:Indian 20527:Hebrew 20266:Manner 20132: 20125: 20118: 20093: 20086: 20079: 20072: 20065: 20058: 20051: 19980:Syzygy 19902:Comets 19835:System 19820:Planet 19713:EXCEDE 19621:Uranus 19616:Saturn 19606:Comets 19599:mining 19577:mining 19467:Vulcan 19308:active 19303:Hygiea 19298:Pallas 19261:Uranus 19207:Uranus 19202:Saturn 19137:Comets 19129:bodies 19127:System 19073:Jovian 19017:Weywot 19012:Quaoar 19005:Namaka 18995:Haumea 18968:Charon 18944:all 16 18939:Nereid 18929:Triton 18917:all 28 18897:Oberon 18887:Uranus 18875:Phoebe 18855:Tethys 18830:Saturn 18823:all 95 18818:Europa 18791:Deimos 18786:Phobos 18765:Earth 18726:Quaoar 18721:Haumea 18701:Dwarfs 18687:Uranus 18675:Saturn 18660:Giants 18625:dwarfs 18572:Quaoar 18565:Haumea 18540:Uranus 18535:Saturn 18194:about 18026: 17912: 17740:(math) 17686: 17678: 17619: 17594: 17536: 17528: 17472: 17426: 17220: 17212: 17126: 17116: 17089: 17029:13 May 17015: 16978: 16970: 16907: 16850:1 June 16802: 16794: 16737: 16670: 16660: 16576:Icarus 16522: 16453: 16376:. L17. 16372: 16316: 16308: 16271:Nature 16249: 16194: 16186: 16149:Nature 16130: 16122: 16114: 16077:Nature 16051: 16043: 15979: 15971: 15934:Nature 15912: 15851: 15787: 15783:–163. 15723: 15693:: 13. 15399: 15391: 15364:Nature 15332: 15277:1 July 15213: 15205: 15179:Nature 15128: 15120: 15044: 14952: 14944: 14893: 14788: 14741: 14560: 14552: 14544: 14492: 14484: 14381: 14334: 14324: 14316: 14145: 14080: 14014: 13908: 13900: 13789:12 May 13772: 13744: 13736: 13709:Nature 13687: 13570:. 225. 13566: 13487:4 July 13448: 13438: 13383:5 July 13342: 13332: 13187:Icarus 13142:Icarus 13109: 13097:: 20. 13067: 12996: 12919: 12850: 12824:Icarus 12788: 12784:–620. 12720: 12712: 12704: 12667:Nature 12569: 12561: 12456:Icarus 12438: 12367:Icarus 12350: 12262: 12181:Icarus 12154:16 May 12132:16 May 12057: 12049: 11999: 11991: 11964:Nature 11907: 11846: 11838: 11797:924257 11795: 11787: 11730: 11705: 11695: 11438: 11402:Icarus 11330: 11322: 11295:Nature 11267:Cosmos 11142: 11134: 10848: 10810: 10762: 10713: 10545: 10537: 10454:Icarus 10286:3 June 10188: 10152:Icarus 10116:Icarus 10067: 10059: 9776: 9602: 9588:Nature 9461: 9409: 9372:Icarus 9312: 9128: 9033:(E4). 8919: 8911: 8827: 8784: 8776: 8758: 8680: 8654: 8554: 8546: 8502: 8342: 8332: 8220: 8210: 8185: 8167: 8138:Icarus 8077: 8023:23 May 7961: 7883:14 May 7857: 7802: 7747: 7739: 7634: 7546: 7539:Europa 7419:10 May 7393:10 May 7367:10 May 7305: 7299:227915 7297: 7289: 7242: 7164: 7109: 7052: 7018:10 May 7004: 6979: 6928:531535 6926: 6916: 6877: 6867: 6816: 6806: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6726:Nature 6704:15 May 6646: 6636: 6590:Icarus 6572: 6564: 6537:Nature 6511: 6350:Icarus 6186:. NASA 6156: 6002: 5871: 5861: 5812: 5802: 5749: 5721:Nature 5700: 5655: 5600: 5554: 5448: 5416: 5347: 5321: 5313: 5158: 5111: 4999: 4881: 4798: 4695: 4345:27 May 4256: 4248: 3966:where 3807:then: 3728:, and 3610:planet 3589:probes 3551:Vulcan 3531:Uranus 3524:Seneca 3300:. The 3259:, and 3216:, the 3210:Hyades 3124:, the 3110:, and 3028:, the 2981:, and 2927:nickel 2903:, and 2864:ionise 2833:Comets 2774:, the 2592:Weywot 2588:Quaoar 2559:Namaka 2551:Haumea 2517:Charon 2509:, and 2337:Triton 2302:, and 2292:Oberon 2252:Uranus 2242:Phoebe 2233:, and 2212:Helene 2191:, and 2189:Tethys 2145:Saturn 2132:Europa 2130:, and 2107:, and 2053:, and 2018:Uranus 2014:Saturn 1925:Pallas 1921:Pallas 1865:carbon 1838:Hygiea 1834:Pallas 1705:Deimos 1694:Phobos 1589:oxygen 1482:crusts 1349:plasma 1314:metals 1252:energy 1005:Triton 952:Orbits 897:. The 800:, the 640:, the 617:, and 607:comets 593:, and 579:Quaoar 575:Haumea 544:Uranus 536:Saturn 481:fusion 305:comets 303:Known 292:Known 281:Known 267: 243:Quaoar 238:Haumea 212:Known 197:Uranus 192:Saturn 23082:Stars 22771:Guest 22575:Lists 22456:Super 22110:Fusor 21983:Black 21968:Quark 21948:Preon 21933:Boson 21869:X-ray 21785:Shell 21738:Ap/Bp 21640:Giant 21558:Early 21504:OH/IR 21334:Stars 21016:stars 20880:lists 20850:Women 20541:Inuit 20520:Greek 20458:Radar 20396:X-ray 20351:Radio 20331:Solar 19895:Lists 19631:Pluto 19589:Ceres 19567:Venus 19462:Tyche 19457:Theia 19293:Vesta 19288:Ceres 19229:Earth 19224:Venus 19187:Earth 19182:Venus 19162:moons 19125:Solar 19123:Small 19082:Rhean 19065:Rings 18978:Hydra 18963:Pluto 18956:Vanth 18951:Orcus 18907:Ariel 18865:Mimas 18850:Dione 18835:Titan 18758:Moons 18746:Sedna 18716:Pluto 18711:Orcus 18706:Ceres 18648:Earth 18643:Venus 18600:Sedna 18558:Pluto 18551:Orcus 18524:Ceres 18513:Earth 18508:Venus 18354:Texts 18303:Media 17994:2 May 17972:2 May 17814:Wired 17684:S2CID 17650:arXiv 17592:S2CID 17545:(PDF) 17534:S2CID 17526:JSTOR 17506:(PDF) 17465:Comet 17360: 17218:S2CID 16976:S2CID 16905:S2CID 16879:arXiv 16800:S2CID 16766:arXiv 16735:S2CID 16709:arXiv 16584:arXiv 16547:arXiv 16520:S2CID 16494:arXiv 16403:arXiv 16370:S2CID 16344:arXiv 16314:S2CID 16280:arXiv 16253:. 13. 16247:S2CID 16221:arXiv 16192:S2CID 16158:arXiv 16128:S2CID 16086:arXiv 16049:S2CID 16013:arXiv 15977:S2CID 15943:arXiv 15916:. 41. 15910:S2CID 15882:arXiv 15821:arXiv 15721:S2CID 15695:arXiv 15618:arXiv 15575:arXiv 15512:arXiv 15447:arXiv 15410:(PDF) 15397:S2CID 15359:(PDF) 15330:S2CID 15304:arXiv 15211:S2CID 15126:S2CID 15090:arXiv 15053:(PDF) 15042:S2CID 15016:arXiv 15002:(PDF) 14950:S2CID 14922:(3). 14830:(PDF) 14819:(PDF) 14786:S2CID 14739:S2CID 14558:S2CID 14490:S2CID 14454:arXiv 14230:(PDF) 14205:(PDF) 14143:S2CID 14115:arXiv 14078:S2CID 14050:arXiv 14018:. L1. 14012:S2CID 13984:arXiv 13906:S2CID 13783:(PDF) 13766:(PDF) 13685:S2CID 13657:arXiv 13564:S2CID 13351:(PDF) 13322:(PDF) 13258:(PDF) 13225:(PDF) 13150:arXiv 13118:(PDF) 13087:(PDF) 13065:S2CID 13039:arXiv 13005:(PDF) 12994:S2CID 12968:arXiv 12954:(PDF) 12928:(PDF) 12917:S2CID 12891:arXiv 12877:(PDF) 12848:S2CID 12820:(PDF) 12718:S2CID 12676:arXiv 12637:arXiv 12578:(PDF) 12567:S2CID 12529:(PDF) 12436:S2CID 12410:arXiv 12348:S2CID 12271:(PDF) 12260:S2CID 12234:arXiv 12222:(PDF) 12177:(PDF) 12066:(PDF) 12055:S2CID 12019:(PDF) 11997:S2CID 11918:(PDF) 11897:(PDF) 11844:S2CID 11793:S2CID 11624:(PDF) 11613:(PDF) 11436:S2CID 11410:arXiv 11363:arXiv 11328:S2CID 11140:S2CID 10879:(PDF) 10868:(PDF) 10846:S2CID 10808:S2CID 10722:(PDF) 10711:S2CID 10673:(PDF) 10543:S2CID 10482:(PDF) 10449:(PDF) 10333:(PDF) 10306:(PDF) 10219:arXiv 10186:S2CID 10160:arXiv 10065:S2CID 10031:arXiv 9774:S2CID 9407:S2CID 9381:arXiv 9000:(PDF) 8989:(PDF) 8963:(PDF) 8956:(PDF) 8928:(PDF) 8917:S2CID 8881:(PDF) 8825:S2CID 8782:S2CID 8689:(PDF) 8632:(PDF) 8552:JSTOR 8482:arXiv 8183:S2CID 8147:arXiv 8075:S2CID 8049:arXiv 7855:S2CID 7829:arXiv 7800:S2CID 7774:arXiv 7745:S2CID 7709:arXiv 7632:S2CID 7606:arXiv 7303:S2CID 7295:JSTOR 7162:S2CID 7136:arXiv 7107:S2CID 7081:arXiv 6977:S2CID 6951:arXiv 6767:S2CID 6570:S2CID 6316:(PDF) 6305:(PDF) 6276:arXiv 6154:S2CID 6120:arXiv 6047:arXiv 6000:S2CID 5972:arXiv 5902:arXiv 5864:60054 5810:S2CID 5774:arXiv 5698:S2CID 5653:S2CID 5627:arXiv 5598:S2CID 5552:S2CID 5526:arXiv 5489:(PDF) 5470:(PDF) 5414:S2CID 5388:arXiv 5319:S2CID 5245:arXiv 5156:S2CID 5109:S2CID 4997:S2CID 4969:arXiv 4924:arXiv 4893:6 May 4726:arXiv 4693:S2CID 4667:arXiv 4254:S2CID 4220:arXiv 4076:J2000 3708:Notes 3578:Ceres 3574:Pluto 3479:Venus 3459:Titan 3391:Greek 3187:Split 2839:Comet 2743:Sedna 2673:Sedna 2545:Vanth 2537:phase 2533:Orcus 2511:Hydra 2477:Pluto 2453:1992 2300:Ariel 2227:Titan 2193:Dione 2181:Mimas 2168:Ring 2109:Thebe 2097:Metis 1889:Vesta 1859:Ceres 1830:Vesta 1826:Ceres 1644:maria 1571:Earth 1545:Venus 1517:rupes 1490:cores 1466:moons 1455:Earth 1451:Venus 1345:light 1291:fusor 1260:space 1258:into 1125:Luleå 1121:Sedna 1095:Some 1021:focus 717:fused 595:Sedna 571:Pluto 567:Orcus 563:Ceres 520:Earth 516:Venus 461:orbit 438:~230 309:4,591 263:Sedna 233:Pluto 228:Orcus 223:Ceres 177:Earth 172:Venus 149:Stars 22446:Open 22341:Mass 22165:Core 22115:Nova 22008:Iron 21958:Dark 21768:Lead 21748:HgMn 21743:CEMP 21672:Blue 21645:Blue 21563:Late 21345:List 21262:and 21066:rest 20985:type 20611:List 20576:folk 20548:Maya 19584:Mars 19572:Moon 19550:list 19533:list 19234:Mars 19192:Mars 19048:Eris 18988:Styx 18840:Rhea 18781:Mars 18769:Moon 18741:Eris 18653:Mars 18593:Eris 18518:Mars 18405:Data 18320:News 18112:2019 18086:2022 18058:2023 18024:ISBN 17996:2024 17974:2024 17949:2018 17941:NASA 17921:2022 17910:ISSN 17887:2021 17857:2022 17826:2022 17795:2016 17769:2022 17757:NASA 17700:2022 17676:ISSN 17617:ISBN 17553:2022 17488:2021 17470:ISBN 17442:2022 17424:ISBN 17390:2022 17336:2022 17264:2010 17234:2022 17210:ISSN 17140:2022 17124:OCLC 17114:ISBN 17087:ISBN 17031:2022 17013:ISBN 16992:2022 16968:ISSN 16921:2022 16852:2020 16816:2022 16792:ISSN 16684:2022 16668:OCLC 16658:ISBN 16637:2007 16469:2022 16451:ISBN 16306:PMID 16184:PMID 16120:PMID 16112:ISSN 16041:ISSN 15969:PMID 15849:ISSN 15785:ISBN 15758:2022 15654:link 15548:2024 15483:2024 15418:2016 15389:PMID 15279:2023 15249:2006 15203:PMID 15161:2022 15118:ISSN 15061:2007 14984:2007 14942:ISSN 14891:ISBN 14868:2015 14838:2020 14802:2022 14624:2022 14594:2006 14587:NASA 14550:OSTI 14542:ISSN 14482:ISSN 14425:2022 14395:2022 14379:ISSN 14332:PMID 14314:ISSN 14270:2022 14258:NASA 14238:2008 14182:2006 13898:PMID 13852:2007 13822:2006 13791:2022 13770:ISBN 13734:ISSN 13628:2012 13598:2022 13519:2022 13489:2011 13462:2022 13446:OCLC 13436:ISBN 13415:2009 13385:2011 13359:2022 13340:OCLC 13330:ISBN 13296:2022 13266:2006 13126:2006 13107:ISSN 13013:2009 12936:2011 12786:ISBN 12756:2018 12710:PMID 12702:ISSN 12617:2006 12586:2022 12559:PMID 12507:2024 12306:2024 12279:2024 12156:2024 12134:2024 12108:2024 12074:2024 12047:PMID 11989:PMID 11948:2022 11905:ISBN 11879:2006 11836:PMID 11785:PMID 11746:2022 11728:ISBN 11703:OCLC 11693:ISBN 11632:2006 11595:2020 11565:2019 11511:2018 11320:PMID 11279:2017 11207:2020 11181:2024 11132:PMID 11052:2024 11022:2022 10985:2024 10948:2017 10918:2024 10887:2020 10756:2008 10730:2023 10655:2011 10628:2021 10577:2021 10565:NASA 10535:ISSN 10490:2007 10404:2016 10392:NASA 10367:2022 10341:2009 10288:2024 10276:NASA 10255:2022 10081:2022 10057:ISSN 10003:2009 9973:2009 9944:2024 9910:2024 9884:2021 9852:2020 9809:2022 9692:2006 9646:2022 9616:2022 9600:ISSN 9527:2010 9496:2007 9459:ISBN 9436:2010 9353:2024 9328:2022 9310:ISBN 9289:2023 9259:2023 9228:2022 9197:2007 9170:2013 9126:ISBN 9105:2011 9079:2024 9008:2006 8971:2006 8936:2023 8909:ISSN 8863:2024 8774:ISSN 8724:2018 8697:2017 8678:PMID 8568:2022 8544:ISSN 8500:ISBN 8459:2022 8386:2022 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