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958:). At the time he took over, all Iranian provinces in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and even in western Iran were occupied by the Ottomans, while the Uzbeks had seized swaths of its eastern territories. Therefore, in order to settle matters at home first and to defeat the Uzbeks, he decided to sign a humiliating peace treaty on 21 March 1590, by which the war ended.
1005:
in its own lands. By ceding many of its integral regions to the
Ottomans, Abbas could settle matters in his crumbling state first, which had been neglected for so long by his father Mohammad Khodabanda. After having the matters settled and the state and military significantly reorganised, Abbas would
904:
until the end of the war. The reverses that the
Safavids suffered on the battlefield also intensified several internal factional power struggles, in which Mirza Salman and Hamza Mirza were assassinated by assassins of the other faction within the court, with Hamza Mirza, son of Mohammad Khodabanda,
842:
The
Safavids, who were left unable to conduct effective campaigns on both the eastern and western fronts, were met with repeated setbacks that forced them back into Iran's heartlands. The seizure of much of the Caucasus had now given the Ottomans a direct land route from the east with their allied
790:
over
Safavid Iran decades earlier, but was not able to hold them for long. The sentiment for war was once again fueled by the fact that the Uzbeks had made an appeal to the Ottomans to make a combined attack from two fronts, as well as the Ottoman clergy that pushed the sultan to step us as the
928:. That same year, the Uzbeks had concluded their own problems back in Central Asia, and had started to attack the Safavids' eastern provinces once again. It appeared that the very existence of the Safavid state was now in question. In 1588, the Ottoman commander Farhād Pasha advanced into
750:
during several stages of the war, eventually becoming geo-politically and military relatively stable for several years with both parties losing and winning smaller battles till around 1580. It eventually had a turning point following the
1192:
Maeda, Hirotake (2006). "The forced migrations and reorganisation of the regional order in the
Caucasus by Safavid Iran: Preconditions and developments described by Fazli Khuzani". In Ieda, Osamu; Uyama, Tomohiko (eds.).
741:
Starting with several years prior to the war and up to including most of the war itself, the
Safavids were experiencing significant domestic issues and rivalling noble factions within the court since the death of Shah
885:, the Safavid capital at that time. In the meanwhile, on the far eastern Safavid front, the Uzbeks were forced to retreat due to problems with the Kirghiz-Kazakh tribes of Central Asia. As a result of this, the
485:
746:. The Ottomans decided to declare war in 1577–1578 to exploit the chaos. The war, despite swift Ottoman victories in the first few years and large amounts of support from the Ottoman vassal
478:
889:
princes which had fallen under
Ottoman rule several years before, now changed their allegiance back to Safavid Iran, which they demonstrated by killing large numbers of Sunnis.
791:
rightful defender of the Sunni's in the
Safavid Empire. The latter pleaded that the sultan should seize the opportunity of Safavid weakness in order to bring a complete end to
597:
778:
was constantly urging against another war, but was overridden by the Sultan. The sultan however, pushed by the pro-war activists, decided to start the attack. Following Shah
564:
554:
471:
559:
1329:
549:
534:
529:
544:
17:
524:
940:
590:
1013:
The advent of the
Ottoman-Safavid war temporarily deflected Ottoman interest from European affairs, where the Ottoman Empire had been active with the
759:
and Hamza Mirza. Following these turns of events and internal chaos in the
Safavid state, the Ottomans headed towards the eventual victory in 1590.
936:
tribes, which formed the backbone of the Safavid military, submitted without any significant resistance in order to protect their own interests.
1299:
1334:
583:
1289:
1314:
970:
824:
509:
1059:
1177:
1082:
944:
786:
had not been stable yet. The sultan saw it as a unique opportunity to conquer once again the territories that had been conquered by
1034:
690:
685:
673:
668:
651:
646:
641:
631:
1007:
853:
fell before the end of the summer of 1578, by which fact the Ottomans had now control of almost all territories west of the
1339:
1304:
997:
was concluded on 21 March 1590, in which Iran was forced to confirm these Ottoman conquests, as well as promising to end
916:, which would remain under Ottoman rule for the next two decades. In 1587, Ottoman forces under the Governor of Baghdad,
896:. With that victory, the Ottomans had consolidated control as far as the Caspian, including the Safavid possessions of
1284:
917:
427:
1010:
on the Ottomans in 1603, crushingly defeating them and reconquering all lost territories by the Treaty of Istanbul.
1319:
905:
being assassinated on 10 December 1587. With their deaths, the war efforts of the Safavids deteriorated even more.
113:
795:
in Persia and its territories. When the Uzbeks started to attack the Safavids' far eastern territories comprising
1294:
94:
1265:
1207:
1092:
1069:
1309:
433:
227:
1324:
909:
416:
892:
Nevertheless, the war headed for an Ottoman victory, which was becoming clearer and clearer following the
656:
1258:
The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
1194:
1202:. Slavic Eurasian Studies, No.10. Sapporo: Slavic Research Centre, Hokkaido University. p. 243.
994:
316:
264:
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607:
276:
196:
41:
975:
514:
1022:
1014:
720:
394:
870:
519:
1222:
1149:
252:
208:
1241:
Matthee, Rudi (2014). "The Ottoman-Safavid War of 986-998/1578-90: Motives and Causes". In
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clan- Mohammad Khodabanda decided to abdicate, favouring the throne to his son Shah
1163:
796:
711:
439:
125:
463:
237:
1039:
844:
747:
355:
232:
166:
161:
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109:
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coast, and it also opened the way for an attack on what is nowadays the core of
866:
735:
731:
221:
77:
73:
1278:
768:
1196:
Reconstruction and interaction of Slavic Eurasia and its neighbouring worlds
1242:
1018:
939:
In the face of all these difficulties -and even a staged coup in Qazvin by
772:
346:
329:
878:
854:
820:
405:
342:
901:
862:
792:
575:
281:
1179:
The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric
1084:
The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric
1021:, in an interesting episode of mutually-supportive relations between
947:
933:
886:
779:
743:
372:
865:, which were subsequently attacked in 1579 by a large contingent of
1246:
929:
921:
897:
812:
69:
730:) was one of the many wars between the neighboring arch rivals of
27:
16th century war between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire
925:
858:
850:
816:
799:, the Ottomans started the attack, effectively starting the war.
998:
913:
882:
832:
807:
The Ottomans started the war, with the objective of conquering
783:
755:
on 7–11 May 1583 and the assassination of the Safavid generals
338:
321:
312:
303:
294:
1002:
828:
815:. They invaded the Safavids' Caucasian territories through
65:
869:, led by Adil Giray, but he was captured in a remarkable
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1129:
1127:
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1123:
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1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1001:
propaganda in Ottoman territories and persecution of
725:
1098:
839:
to become a tributary vassal of the Ottoman Empire.
493:
1330:Military operations involving the Crimean Khanate
966:The main battles and events of the war included:
1276:
961:
591:
479:
598:
584:
486:
472:
1248:International Journal of Turkish Studies
605:
1240:
971:Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign
510:Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign
108:Ottomans gain the Safavid provinces of
14:
1277:
1255:
1137:
1058:Ga ́bor A ́goston,Bruce Alan Masters.
1300:Military history of Georgia (country)
1191:
579:
467:
1335:Wars involving the Kingdom of Kartli
1064:Infobase Publishing, 1 January 2009
932:through Georgia. Many of the Turkic
782:'s death, the central government in
1290:Ottoman period in Georgia (country)
715:
24:
1061:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
25:
1351:
1315:16th century in Georgia (country)
1224:The Encyclopedia of world history
1151:The Encyclopedia of World History
954:(who would be later be known as
908:In 1585, an Ottoman force under
708:Ottoman–Iranian War of 1578–1590
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269:
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176:
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35:Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590
1035:Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618)
704:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
497:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
95:Treaty of Constantinople (1590)
1260:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1216:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1075:
1052:
727:Jange Irân va Osmânī 1578–1590
13:
1:
1251:. Vol. 20, Nos 1& 2.
657:Occupation of Basra 1697–1701
18:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)
988:
918:Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
716:جنگ ایران و عثمانی ۱۵۹۰–۱۵۷۸
428:Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
7:
1340:Wars involving Safavid Iran
1305:1580s in the Ottoman Empire
1087:I.B.Tauris, 30 August 2009
1028:
962:Summary of the main battles
726:
455:150,000+ Killed or captured
10:
1356:
1245:; Balgamış, Deniz (eds.).
1234:
762:
1167:by Gerhard Endress, p.194
617:
505:
449:
287:
265:Principality of Mingrelia
147:
47:
39:
34:
1045:
881:, and later executed in
835:in 1585, while pressing
788:Suleiman the Magnificent
317:Imam-Quli Khan Undiladze
277:Principality of Samtskhe
197:Principality of Samtskhe
1320:History of the Caucasus
1256:Sicker, Martin (2001).
1226:Peter N. Stearns, p.352
1153:Peter N. Stearns, p.352
1023:Islam and Protestantism
1017:and the support of the
1015:Franco-Ottoman alliance
663:Campaigns of Nader Shah
417:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
395:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
255:(1578-1583, after 1587)
1295:16th-century conflicts
802:
520:Battle of Mollahasanli
288:Commanders and leaders
825:Tiflis in August 1578
450:Casualties and losses
438:Adil Giray Khan
253:Principality of Guria
209:Principality of Guria
1310:16th century in Iran
1285:Ottoman–Persian Wars
912:had managed to take
776:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
680:Subsequent conflicts
621:Ottoman–Safavid Wars
609:Ottoman–Persian Wars
384:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
42:Ottoman–Persian Wars
1325:History of Dagestan
1081:Colin P. Mitchell.
875:Mirza Salman Jaberi
757:Mirza Salman Jaberi
362:(Simon I of Kartli)
326:Mirza Salman Jabiri
299:Mohammed Khodabanda
920:, managed to take
242:Kingdom of Imereti
184:Kingdom of Kakheti
1008:declare war again
995:peace of Istanbul
982:Battle of Torches
894:Battle of Torches
753:Battle of Torches
724:
699:
698:
573:
572:
540:Battle of Torches
462:
461:
199:(1578, 1582-1587)
171:Kingdom of Kartli
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
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1271:
1252:
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1220:
1214:
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1135:
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1079:
1073:
1056:
976:Battle of Çıldır
941:Murshi Quli Khan
823:in August 1576,
729:
719:
717:
691:War of 1821–1823
686:War of 1775–1776
674:War of 1743–1746
669:War of 1730–1735
652:War of 1623–1639
647:War of 1616–1618
642:War of 1603–1612
637:War of 1578–1590
632:War of 1532–1555
612:
610:
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515:Battle of Çıldır
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90:Ottoman victory
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1140:, pp. 2–3.
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1040:Crimean Khanate
1031:
991:
984:(9–11 May 1583)
978:(9 August 1578)
964:
956:Abbas the Great
845:Crimean Khanate
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748:Crimean Khanate
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114:Erivan Province
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867:Crimean Tatars
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736:Ottoman Empire
732:Safavid Empire
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360:Shahnavaz Khan
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222:Ottoman Empire
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162:Safavid Empire
150:
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136:, and most of
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78:South Caucasus
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871:counterattack
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769:Sublime Porte
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64:Mesopotamia (
62:
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54:
51:
50:
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43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
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1223:
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1187:
1178:
1173:
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1159:
1150:
1145:
1083:
1077:
1060:
1054:
1019:Dutch Revolt
1012:
992:
965:
955:
938:
907:
891:
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841:
806:
773:Grand Vizier
766:
740:
707:
703:
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636:
495:
441:
348:
331:
308:Shah Abbas I
148:Belligerents
89:
40:Part of the
29:
1138:Sicker 2001
910:Osman Pasha
879:Hamza Mirza
855:Caspian Sea
821:Akhaltsikhe
406:Sinan Pasha
343:Hamza Mirza
279:(1578-1582)
211:(1583–1587)
173:(1578-1588)
103:Territorial
1279:Categories
1267:027596891X
1209:4938637391
1093:0857715887
1070:1438110251
902:Azerbaijan
863:Azerbaijan
809:Azerbaijan
282:Shaybanids
138:Azerbaijan
989:Aftermath
948:Qizilbash
943:, of the
934:Qizilbash
819:, taking
780:Tahmasp I
744:Tahmasp I
721:romanized
627:Chaldiran
373:Murad III
134:Khuzestan
118:Daghestan
55:1578–1590
1029:See also
930:Karabakh
922:Luristan
898:Dagestan
887:Georgian
813:Caucasus
811:and the
797:Khorasan
734:and the
565:Karabakh
555:Luristan
130:Lorestan
126:Karabakh
70:Caucasus
60:Location
1235:Sources
952:Abbas I
945:Ustalju
926:Hamadan
873:led by
859:Armenia
851:Shirvan
817:Ardahan
767:At the
763:Prelude
723::
712:Persian
560:Hamadan
535:Tbilisi
530:Derbent
525:Shirvan
458:Unknown
442:†
349:†
332:†
122:Shirvan
110:Georgia
105:changes
1264:
1206:
1091:
1068:
1003:Sunnis
999:Shiite
914:Tabriz
883:Qazvin
837:Kartli
833:Tabriz
827:, and
793:Shiism
784:Qazvin
550:Tabriz
345:
328:
274:
194:
186:(1578)
181:
159:
112:, the
86:Result
1200:(PDF)
1182:p 163
1165:Islam
1095:p 162
1072:p 282
1046:Notes
74:North
1262:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1066:ISBN
924:and
900:and
877:and
861:and
831:and
829:Kars
702:The
545:Kars
76:and
66:Iraq
52:Date
803:War
706:or
68:),
1281::
1100:^
1025:.
993:A
847:.
771:,
738:.
718:,
714::
132:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
1270:.
1212:.
710:(
599:e
592:t
585:v
487:e
480:t
473:v
80:)
72:(
20:)
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