Oswaldo Castro - Knowledge

709:

diplomats to fill these posts, a message Castro would later stress in all his visits through South America. From September 6 through 18 he participated in The First General Assembly of the Inter-American Statistical Institute along with fellow Ecuadorian delegate, Luis López Muñoz. He was President of the International Statistics Division. Shortly thereafter he became FAO's Liaison Officer for southern South America, joining colleagues, William G. Casseres, Liaison Officer for Central America and the Caribbean, and A. G. Sandoval, Liaison Officer for northern South America, in this continent-encompassing effort. Castro had received ample training for this endeavor not only from his innate communication and speaking skills he had honed in the United States, but also as a spokesperson for the Ecuadorian National Committee of the United Nation's newly formed FAO, directed by Ecuadorian U.N. expert and Human Rights advocate, Arturo Meneses Pallares, early August 1947; and as designated Statistics and Census Representative for said Committee in mid August. A whirlwind tour followed that would take him to ten countries in two and a half months. It started with a week-long collaborative meeting on November 2, 1947, at the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Turrialba, Costa Rica, and then a quick stint through Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador before visiting his target countries in South America: November 20 to December 2, Peru; December 2 to December 11, Bolivia; December 11 to December 23, Chile; January 4, 1948 to January 13, Argentina; January 13 to January 22, Paraguay; January 22 to January 28, Uruguay. He visited various statistical and agricultural institutions in these countries, and delivered clear and concise reasons for his mission. The message was the same, slightly tweaked to meet the circumstances of each country — the history of FAO; praise and vision of its founder; the need for a coordinated effort to address poverty and hunger, ravages of the recent war, through better growth and distribution of food and other resources; the importance of the 1950s Census of the Americas and the World Agricultural Census; the merits of joining FAO, purveyor of technical advice and of information on financial assistance; an announcement of the creation of three regional hubs to be based in Central, Pacific, and Atlantic South America; and an exhortation to attend the conference on forestry in Teresopolis, Brazil in April, and on nutrition in Montevideo, Uruguay in July. He held press conferences in venues arranged for him in advance by likeminded technical functionaries or, when these were not forthcoming, in his hotel lobby, where newspaper reporters, pad in hand, were offered "cocktails," new to their experience, along with his message. Newspapers printed his words in a favorable and newsworthy light, as can be seen in the reference section, although the three-pronged headline in Chile's

673:, Chief of the National Office of Vital Statistics, sent him back to the south, this time to observe the registration and tabulation of census data in Jackson, Mississippi, where he remained for over a month. In late October 1946 Castro was among the international demographers from fifteen countries in New York City invited by the Population Association of America. He attended the Association's meeting on October 25 and 26, 1946. On October 29 and 30, he participated in the "Post-war Problems of Migration" roundtable at the annual conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund. Back again in Washington, he attended a conference on census procedures given by the Bureau of Census, Department of Commerce on November 1, and on November 2 a roundtable on world population and nutrition given by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. He filled the double role of delegate representing Ecuador as Director of Statistics and Census, and trainee of the United States Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. Perhaps it was here that the crucial link between his knowledge of statistics and of agricultural needs through his banking experience back home solidified. The standards for population statistics were being developed "under the auspices of the Inter-American Statistical Institute; those for agriculture under the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." The doors of FAO began to open and soon he would be tapped to be their Liaison Officer for the southern part of Latin America, a post he would easily fill thanks to his communication and integrating skills. It was precisely these skills that enabled him to put to use the census practices he had observed in North Carolina and Mississippi and to bring together census experts he had met up north to work closely with their Ecuadorian counterparts. Hence, the road to the first census of Ecuador's capital, Quito, became quite smooth. 700:. Quito streets were deserted. Only enumerators roamed from house to house, leaving a red notice on doors to indicate that the household had been registered. When they encountered an imminent death or birth scenario, they waited patiently at the door. Nine deaths and twenty births were recorded in Quito in those eight hours. An anecdote tells of an enumerator on horseback who came across a hermit living in a cave in the highest part of the Pampa Chupa area of the city. He quickly whipped out a special census form designed for just such an encounter, and having registered the resident, finding no door on which to peg his red form, nailed it to a near-by tree. From 3 to 7 P M. results were gathered and tabulated by 50 bank adding machines and respective personnel of the Banco Central and other financial institutions: Banco del Pichincha, Banco de Préstamos, Caja de Pensiones, Oficina del Comercio; under the directorship of Carlos Procaccia, Banco Central's Director of Economic Research. There were 211,174 residents in Quito on June 27, 1947. Granted, it was just a provisional figure and a trial census, as was the one Castro had studied in Wilmington, North Carolina, but one that was most valuable for the implementation of the general census of Ecuador scheduled for 1950. As Calvert Dedrick, Coordinator of the United States Department of Commerce's International Statistics Bureau of the Census, had said a month earlier on his visit to Ecuador, "I think there is a good atmosphere in this country: one can see a lot of interest and I'm sure the census of Quito will be a valuable trial, a good test; but Ecuadorians must go further; that is, they must do a complete census of their country." 691:

enumerating techniques and introduced to the art of canvassing, a word new to them. They in turn recruited and trained their students, both university and high school (seniors), as enumerators; while the elementary school teachers imparted to the children the need and importance of censuses in general and of the imminent census of Quito in particular, a message that was absorbed and brought home to parents, grandparents, friends and relatives. Under the Census Propaganda directorship of Gustavo Vallejo Larrea and future novelist, Arturo Montesinos Malo (1913–2009) who had also helped in the training of enumerators, a million flyers containing general census instructions were distributed throughout the city, some in the form of tags attached to popular snacks and soft drinks, many dropped from airplanes. Upper echelons of society had been informed through Castro's well-publicized lectures given in Quito City Hall and in the Ecuadorian–North American Center. They were inspired and perhaps moved to indignation upon hearing his words, "I've been working with the Census Bureau in Washington, D. C. where they have a large map of countries that have implemented population censuses; in there are all countries of the Americas, those who have had censuses cover a white space... to Ecuador corresponds a large black blotch... for which it has been named 'the demographic jungle of the Americas'." Quito's Mayor

783:'s Editorial Management Office of the Ministry of Information and Tourism banned the novel, prohibiting its distribution in Spain and its territories, and any sales transaction in pesetas. A few copies reached Latin America at the author's expense. Spanish editor Alfaguara, with whom arrangements had been made before censorship was unable to distribute. The free-fall from enthusiasm to dismay is reflected in Uruguayan critic H. Alvarez M.'s words: "With this novel filled with passion, fantasy, and color, this Ecuadorian writer residing in Spain is revealed as one of the most outstanding creators of contemporary Ecuador," followed in the very next issue by: "The work presents undeniable esthetic, thematic, and stylistic values and constitutes a courageously defined and valuable account of what we deem to be daily occurrences carefully studied by the author... Perhaps because of these values, because of the crudeness of its language, because of the honesty of its approach, the book in question has just been banned in Spain, victim of another outrage, impossible to understand in this century." Perceiving his work as mutilated, he meticulously glued back the expurgated passages, in a vain attempt to make it whole again. 644:) the Guayaquileian gave the Manabitan as a reward for his mathematical feat." Perhaps it was this episode that earned him the moniker "magus of math." In it one can glimpse the influence of Castro's old high-school math teacher, Tomás Rouseau. This insightful man took special interest in students who showed a true love of learning, teaching them material which was above and beyond the curriculum, and surely Castro was among them. It was this dexterity in math and statistics that opened doors for him in his non-teaching career, first in banking and then as Director of Statistics and Census in the Ministry of Economics in Quito in 1944. During this tenure, Castro was sent abroad to acquire knowledge of census techniques. Ecuador had had no previous census experience and was scheduled to participate in the census of the Western Hemisphere planned for 1950. Equipped, then, with a solid knowledge of these fields, it was not long before he was picked not only to teach statistics, as mentioned above, but to lead the University of Michigan's School of Public Health student delegation touring Toledo, Ohio in their field research, and to observe the 669:, Dean of Public Health adds "... You did good work with us, especially in your own field of bio statistics. Let me tell you how much pleasure it gave us to have you at the School of Public Health this last year." and quickly left for Washington, D. C. to continue his work with his sponsoring agency, the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. They sent him south, to North Carolina. "This will introduce Mr. Oswaldo Castro... to observe some of the pre-test in Wilmington, including the training of the enumerators and editing the schedules, in the local office," stated his perfunctory letter of introduction. Wilmington, North Carolina was a "test-tube" city, the first city in the United States where a comprehensive interim census was made, and Castro was its official foreign observer. Then back to Washington to await and study the Wilmington census results. Mid September, 381:, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, and from 1936 to 1937, the Faculty of Economics. He received a certificate in Law and Social Sciences, and another in Economics. On August 20, 1939, the student body of the Department of Economics unanimously voted him first President of the nascent University of Guayaquil Association of the School of Economic Sciences. After a hiatus in the workforce, chiefly in teaching, banking, and accounting, he competed and won a scholarship to study in the United States out of a pool of 10,000 according to historiographer, J. Gonzalo Orellana, not an unlikely figure since U. S. veterans had been returning home to the tune of 200,000 a month after the Second World War. Post graduate work abroad included a series of courses relating to bio statistics taken in the School of Public Health, 1693:, January 31, 1999, Portoviejo; and in Castro, 1970 pp.302–304. An approximate translation: "The smile of your decadent princess hands, The smile of your kind Samaritan woman hands has kissed my hair, the lines in my forehead, and my two childlike eyes which laugh at nirvana. And in my two childlike eyes laughing at nirvana I have seen as through a lens the flaring of your incandescent gaze, of your lascivious gaze like that of a cruel gypsy or of Ila who loved Buddha there in the Far East. And in your eyes two morning stars of erotic mystery, like those of Saint Theresa, insane lover of solitary prayer, I saw the soft and shining chastity of your hysteric flesh imprinted, and your hysteric flesh, with heathen gasping breath, granted me in gift the smile of your hands". This translation appears in 652:, among other census/statistics related excursions. He quickly garnered the title, the Segura of Statistics. Yet all this would have been impossible without fluent English, no easy feat for a forty-three-year-old with only a theoretical knowledge of the language. After all, he had taught English at Olmedo High School in Portoviejo. The following excerpt from a Mississippi newspaper article shows how Castro was able to pull out of this morass: "Instead of nightschool... Castro went to the movies, every day. He saw musical comedies, gangster pictures, and westerns: he saw the same picture over and over until he could recite whole scenes like a parrot. Now, after ten months in the country, he speaks glibly of things being "swell" or "on the beam," with the faintest of south-of-the-border accent." 682:

the duties entrusted to you?" A resounding "We do!" answered him in unison. The Census of Quito started the very next morning at precisely 6 AM; and then, at exactly 1:46 PM, the blaring of sirens, the clanging of bells, the shrill voices of multiple radio station anchors, pronounced it over. At 8:30 that evening, Castro, on behalf of the Census Junta, released the results. But how could such a monumental task have been accomplished in just under eight hours, while the one he had witnessed in Wilmington, North Carolina had taken over a week? With military precision, the Junta, under the leadership of Miguel Ángel Zambrano, had planned and foreseen every aspect of the census execution. Actuary

749:

economics, statistics, and forestry in Rome until 1956, and in budgetary matters for the Fifth Commission for the United Nations back in New York until the end of 1962. Then returning once more to Rome he revised papers on economics and statistics for FAO's 1962–1963 budget. His last work was designated as Job D6420/S 7–54545, a 250-page Spanish translation of G. W. Chapman's "A Manual on Establishment Techniques in Man-made Forests" FAO, FO:MISC/73/3, 1973. Residing in Europe in semi-retirement, he began to write his memories of the "corner of the tropics" where he was born in the form of a narrative adumbrating

409:. His next teaching experience found him in the halls of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1946, assisting in the teaching of vital statistics. "And it just so happened" writes Castillo, "that the day he arrived at the University in Ann Arbor, Michigan, taking his entrance exam, they find that the man knows a lot about the topic and as a stimulus they make him a Teaching Assistant..." His interest and love of statistics and teaching never left him. In early 1947 he was able to procure ten scholarships for Ecuadorians interested in statistics to study abroad; and in retirement he wrote a short textbook, 377:. Of that incident, fellow Manabitan novelist Othon Castillo, wrote: "Such a spectacle, I couldn't miss... I saw some heavily escorted men marching off to the army barracks... my attention was caught by a youth marching with them. 'He's just a crazy kid... just graduated from school... joined up with the revolutionaries as a telegraph operator. His name is Oswaldo Castro Intriago,' my father told me." From 1928 to 1931 he attended Escuela de Comercio Marco A. Reinoso in Guayaquil, from which he received a certificate in Accounting and Business Administration. During those years he also attended the 640:

Cicerón Robles Velásquez will show the first. "When a math teacher, who enjoyed a well-deserved reputation, came from Rocafuerte High School in Guayaquil to our Olmedo High School in Portoviejo, I was present at an exchange between the two: Don Oswaldo and him. The Guayaquileian showed off a brilliant knowledge of his subject, and when he revealed the solution to a complicated theorem, Don Oswaldo took a piece of chalk and with two numerical strokes produced the same solution taking a different route from that of the great Rocafuerte School teacher. I remember the spontaneous pat on the back (

775:, he introduced a thread of erotica, not often seen in Spanish letters. He tested the waters by reading his material to friend Luis Coloma Silva, who had been Ecuador's Representative to the U. N. in the late '50s. Coloma's response, "How is your project... going? I hope you soon decide to publish, I harbor the certainty of its success, for the new focus on "real reality" is set in pure and nimble language and all this in an environment of exuberant, tropical color. Full speed ahead, then! There's no time to lose!" encouraged him to proceed. He published 841:; ..." Julio Hernández Luna would say many years later. With the brouhaha of the censorship dying down and retaining the lasting merit of descriptive and poetic expression immortalizing the northern coast of Ecuador at one time, the novel would see four more editions and an English translation. In 2008, recognizing the cultural value of the work, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture included the novel among works contributing to the propagation of national identity, allocating funds for its dissemination. 725:, former Chilean ambassador to the United Nations. Chile eventually became FAO's regional hub for the Pacific. On February 10, he returned to Washington, reporting on his findings and giving his recommendations. He had prepared the terrain for future interaction between FAO and Latin America. The link between demographic and agricultural censuses and their importance had been made, thus facilitating these two components of 1950's hemispheric census. The two promised conferences were well attended. 38: 252: 2748:"Oswaldo Castro, delegado del Ecuador ante la FAO, ha preparado el terreno para conferencia regional sobre bosques, en Brasil, y otra sobre naciones." With sub-headline: "Castro ha regresado a Washington luego de jira de tres meses y medio por paises latinoamericanos." Guayaquil, Ecuador, Miércoles, February 11, 1948, Year 64, Ocho Páginas. A similar press release also appears in: "En torno a la producciòn agrícola en Latino América", 665:'s vision for alleviating world hunger through cooperation and harmony rather than dominance and conflict. Slowly but steadily, massive postwar geopolitical plates were moving. On March 15, 1946 Castro completed his studies at the University of Michigan. In a letter dated March 7, 1946 with letterhead: "University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Office of the Dean", giving an early release of his grades. 757:. Now, vivid in his mind, the colors, sounds, smells, tastes, songs, words, dreams, of his youth splash his narrative with vibrancy. "That multifaceted experience of a town and a people when pulsed by the harmony of inspiration, becomes a veritable score that everyone can hear... and the writer feels empty or frustrated if he has not fulfilled the tacit duty of setting it down ... in a book.... And this is how, it seems to us, 761:, was born...," Spanish writer and translator, José Méndez Herrera, wrote in the prologue to the novel's first edition. He interweaved the fabric of his narration with multiple threads of sayings, proverbs, and aphorisms: seventy six, to be exact, which later Professor Francisco Soldevilla from the University of California extracted for a critical study. Influenced by the English literature of his time, specifically 515:) written when he was 21. Almost half a century later, he used the poem almost like a script in the narrative of his novel, and then literally grafted it seamlessly to an untitled poem the novel's young protagonist was writing to his beloved. Clearly Castro's desire to fuse disciplines (poetry and prose) also included the fusion of time. Often poems submitted for publication by the young poets of the 2592:(With picture of Castro and 4 unidentified reporters) Buenos Aires, Saturday, January 10, 1948, "El Doctor Osvaldo Castro, funcionario de enlace de las Naciones Unidas para los países de América Latina en las cuestiones relacionadas con la agricultura y la alimentación, que ayer partió para Asunción en un Clipper de la Pan American World" caption on picture of Castro at airplane door, no article, 1240:"Uniformación de la nomenclatura aduanera y de las estadísticas de comercio exterior," working paper, Primer Congreso de Cooperación Económica, Instituto de Cultura Hispànica, published by the Instituto Iberoamericano de Cooperación Económica, Madrid, 1953. His attendance and presentation at the meeting is reported in "Del congreso iberoamericano de cooperación económica", 661:

and housing, but now also to incorporate the production of food and other land resources in order to reap the most from the forthcoming 1950 Census of the Americas. All this in view of rebuilding and ameliorating the sorry state of post-war economies. The idea was to put into practice Nobel Peace Prize recipient (and first Director General of FAO),

299:, illustrated monthly magazines dedicated mainly to poetry and socio-political critique published in the 1920s, Portoviejo's "golden age" of vibrant poetic activity. Contributions to these magazines came mainly from a group of young Manabitan poets. Castro sent his poems to Portoviejo while he was still a student in Quito. In 1972, Spain's 454:). The year 1932 found him a member of the Guayaquil faction of the ABE (Ala Bolchevique Ecuatoriana), and the following year attending the First Congress of the Ecuadorian Communist Party Central Committee also in Guayaquil, a political adhesion that may have cost him an expulsion, albeit a temporary one, and perhaps even a job. 866:. In February 2021, Chone's Grupo Ariel released a song entitled "La mula ciega," by Hermogenes Williams Rodriguez (lyrics and vocal) and Jósse Cedeño (music and arrangement) thanking Castro for his work and highlighting the novel's characters. Gutiérrez Solórzano best described Castro's life trajectory: "An admirer of 1477:

He completed a four-month International Seminar on Agricultural Statistics sponsored by said entities, where he presented the paper "Sampling in Agricultural Credit. Short term loans in the Province of Manabì, Ecuador." The same paper was delivered at the University of Manabí on July 18, 1956 in "Dr.

1410:

His Honorary Diploma stated "The students of the Faculty of Economic Sciences, gathered in a General Assembly on August 20, 1939, to designate their first president, unanimously elected Oswaldo Castro Intriago as their first president. As proof of such an important act in the life of the Institution,

681:

On Thursday, June 26, 1947, Castro in front of a large gathering in the sports field of Quito's Instituto Nacional Mejia, uttered these words, "Enumerators, Patrol Leaders, Segment Leaders, Ladies and Gentlemen, do you swear by God, by the Fatherland, and by your personal honor, to faithfully fulfill

519:

generation were set to music. That "golden" period encompassed many arts, and music was a must in many Portoviejo households. Castro was a proficient piano and guitar player as were others in his circle. Of his poems set to music, chiefly by pianist and composer Constantino Mendoza Moreira, only two

2316:

Tuesday, April 22, 1947, a lecture given in Quito City Hall. A picture of the flyer advertising this lecture but entitled "La necesidad, naturaleza y beneficios del censo" can be seen in "Levantamiento y análisis preliminar de las fuentes primarias y secundarias de la Historia de la Comunicación de

786:

And yet, reviewers such as Ecuadorian R. A. Carbo Noboa and Mexican Cristina Romero while wholeheartedly agreeing with the censorship could not help but admire the "pure, poetic quality... in describing our scenery, our people, our traditions which could be Ecuadorian or Mexican;" or, in the case of

713:

might be a bit tongue-in-cheek with whiffs of Hollywood in the air. It begins with eye-catching "FAO, three-letter fairy god-mother, seeks a cure to poverty and hunger," is quickly amended by bigger, bolder letters, "We will help people who suffer from hunger: fishery plan," finally settling into a

660:

A surge of statistical activity arose in Washington, DC beginning in mid-1946, peaking in 1947, and rippling beyond; and Castro was in the thick of it. The meetings, roundtables, and conferences that convened began dealing with the confluence of statistical methods, not only as applied to population

639:

Two factors guaranteed Castro's success in making the leap from South to North America: the first was his extensive knowledge and love of mathematics, the second, his dedication and perseverance in acquiring persuasive communication skills and well-spoken English. An anecdote written by former pupil

445:

were probably lost at this time. He was able to recover some of his poetry only years later when a friend from his hometown, "knowing of that death sentence decreed by the author, had learned by heart the pyromaniac poet's verses" and recited them back to him, and they now struck that "ingrate poet

211:

destined specifically to her by the young journalists. Items of interest were gathered from the private library of Guadalupe Martínez de Santos, a wealthy Mexican actress and neighbor; from illustrated magazines arriving from Europe which the boys were allowed to read at the post office before their

404:

Excelling in every subject, he would soon become a teacher himself, first as a laboratory assistant in his school's physics lab, then as a teacher of History of Literature at Colegio Vicente Rocafuerte, of Accounting at Marco A. Reinoso School, both in Guayaquil; of Math, English, and World History

729:

Argentina would not form part of the technical organizations of the United Nations at this time, although they sent observers to the Teresopolis and Montevideo conferences. As Statistical Information Officer of FAO's Publications Branch, Castro himself attended the follow-up of the 1948 Montevideo

708:

By the end of August 1947 Castro was off again, back to the United States to prepare for the forthcoming International Congress of Statistics and Demography of the United Nations. This recently created international body had requested specifically that governments send technical personnel and not

184:

From 1907 to 1914 Castro attended El Vergel, a private school founded and directed by Raymundo Aveiga Moreira (1876–1959), in Chone, Ecuador. At fourteen, under the tutelage and guidance of his teacher and with several of his schoolmates, most notably Enrique Amadeo Bolaños Moreira (1898–1929), he

2253:

A picture of one of the flyers distributed in May 1947 entitled "No crea usted en fantasmas" can be seen in "Levantamiento y análisis preliminar de las fuentes primarias y secundarias de la Historia de la Comunicación de la provincia de Pichincha en el periodo 1944 -1953" by Brazzero Novilla and

1555:

In the introduction he writes, "..this is not a text, in the true meaning of the term, but rather only a conjunction of instructions to apply, in the simplest manner, the results obtained by great mathematical experts." This text of 208 pages plus graphics written while in retirement was never

857:

where he was interred. Numerous accolades and commemorations were given to him from his native province; a school named after him, a literary prize, and even a coffee. In 2008, Chone's theater group, "Arte Popular" under the directorship of Roger Bustamante produced a hybrid theater/video work

748:

Castro moved from visibility to anonymity with ease, for his true love had always been language. From now on his work would lack name recognition and acquire a job number. He translated and revised FAO documents, working papers, and books in the fields of diplomatic correspondence, nutrition,

696:

snacks. Interpreters were on the ready in case of non-Spanish speakers; to wit: English, German, French, Czech, Russian, and, most importantly, Quechua. Census planners had divided Quito into seven segments, each of which comprised 147 zones. An executive order had been procured from President

695:

along with the Municipal Council and other dignitaries had attended these lectures. With the city thus prepared, two thousand one hundred and thirty two enumerators set forth that morning in cars, on foot, and on horseback and were welcomed with (literally) open doors and often with coffee and

686:, also a Census Technical Commission member, had joined Castro in studying Quito's existing statistical data, taking full advantage of work done in the past by institutions such as Quito's Department of Health. Press and radio cooperated in every way. Participation in the census was cast in a 690:

light. As early as March census experts from the Inter-American Statistical Institute began arriving in Mariscal Sucre airport, and Castro was there to welcome them. Simultaneously teachers at the university, high school, and elementary school level were recruited and instructed in census

202:

readership consisted of a few families arbitrarily selected by the young publishers. There arose an aura of suspense every week among these families to see if they would be the ones to receive the prized manuscript. Many years later during a visit by cultural historiographer,

197:

was launched on April 23, 1916, its few copies painstakingly handwritten for lack of a printing press. Good penmanship was a highly desirable and respected skill at the time and was part of El Vergel's eight-year curriculum along with the more traditional subjects.

1467:

Inter American Statistical Institute pamphlet, 'Latin Americans Receiving Some Statistical Training in the United States' from about 1942 to November 10, 1959, Pan American Union, General Secretariat, Organization of American States, Washington, D.C. – 1959, p.

2612:

Asunción, Paraguay, Saturday, January 17, 1948, among other Paraguayan newspaper sources; "Funcionario de la UN en el Uruguay" (with picture of Castro with Uruguayan statisticians, Eduardo Fonticelli, Alberto Munilla, and Fermín C. Boado)

168:

Castro was the son of Carlos María Castro Araus (1873–1945) from Portoviejo, Ecuador; and Olimpia Edeltrudis Intriago Minaya (1881–1963) from Riochico, Ecuador. Both of his parents died in Bahìa de Caráquez, Ecuador. He was born in

2039:, Castro is seated third from right between Germano Jardim (Brazil) and J. C. Capt (USA). The same picture also appears in the International Statistical Institute web site but Adrian Fisher (USA) seated first on right is cut off. " 1878:"The first census ever to be conducted in Ecuador, South America, will be patterned directly after Wilmington's forthcoming population count and economic survey." "Foreign Census Director Here to View Count", 2679:"La Fao, hada madrina de 3 letras, busca remedio a la miseria. Ayudaremos a los pueblos que sufren hambre: Plan Pesquero. Chile tambien cooperarà con el organismo mundial en la alimentación de Europa." 2575:

Santiago, Tuesday, December 23, 1947, among other Chilean sources; "'Alimento, Casa y Vestido necesitan los Pueblos,' dice un Funcionario de la UN" (with picture of Castro and an unidentified reporter)

2079:"Misión estadística de los Estados Unidos vendrá a hacer detenido estudio de nuestra realidad nacional," Subtitle: "Con citada misión vendrá técnico nacional Sr. Oswaldo Castro en unión de americanos" 825:. Castro's was among the 30 semi-finalist novels of the 165 submitted that year. "In a strict sense of historical-cultural justice, I think Gabriel García Márquez must have read and learned from 2617:

Montevideo, Uruguay, Wednesday, January 21, 1948, "Visita la Dirección Gral. de Estadística el coordinador para Latinoamerica de la F.A.O." (with picture of Castro, Fonticelli, and Boado),

2925:

In a letter dated 18 November 1969, addressed to Castro in Rome, signed Luis Coloma Silva, on letterhead stationery, Dr. Luis Coloma Silva, Abogado, Apartado N. 251, Quito, Ecuador, S. A.

2054:, Vol 7, # 2, May 1947, pp. 41–47. Following an FAO international meeting in Copenhagen, a World Food Board Commission had been assigned to meet in Washington in October that same year. 2625:

Montevideo, Uruguay, Wednesday, January 28, 1948, "Sobre los Alcances de la Obra de la 'FAO' nos habló ayer el señor Osvaldo Castro" with picture of Castro and picture of Boyd Orr,

2781: 236:; that is to say, Germanophiles versus Francophiles. After perhaps seven issues and the acquisition of a printing press generously donated by Colonel Juan Crecencio Álvarez Loor, 389:

International School, Suitland, Maryland, 1946–47, with special focus on census training and census legislation; a certificate in Economic and Agricultural Statistics from the

3229: 3174: 1130:, Guayaquil, June 2, 1952; Oscar Waldoosty, "Matita Molina: ritmo ecuatoriano en los tablados de Madrid." Instantáneas de Europa por Oscar Waldoosty, Madrid, August 1971, 429:; and an almost clinical, scientific look at his poetic material. Méndez Herrera states that Castro, in a fit of pique (not unlike the rashness of his contemporaries, the 795:

in the poetic purity of Castro's narrative deemed the erotic and rustic to have been represented with artistic mastery. Mid 1972, he entered his novel in Caracas' second

2642:

In an interview given on November 2, 1952, "Los técnicos de la FAO estudian problemas de nuestra producciòn." Ecuadorian newspaper. "FAO-Institute Cooperation Outlined"

2312:"Dr. Oswaldo Castro dió una conferencia sobre necesidad y beneficio del censo," "Asistieron el Alcalde de la ciudad, consejales y delegados de entidades culturales." 271:. Macario Gutiérrez Solórzano wrote, "He was always restless, impulsive, exuberant, and even anarchic." His journalistic output would continue with articles such as 2916:

Members of Permanent Missions to the United Nations Entitled to Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities, Documents Department, University of California, July 31, 1959.

787:

Carbo Noboa, "In what is folkloric and indigenous, I must point out that it is difficult to write something more beautiful." Walter Rubin who saw similarities with

2990:

Página Editorial, Los Angeles, California, Friday June 16, 1972, page 6. Professor Rubin was from the University of Houston, Texas, Division of Foreign Languages.

212:

patrons picked them up; and from news-about-town submitted by collaborating young itinerant reporters. Examples of these diverse topics were: the tercentenary of

1411:

they decided to grant him the present Diploma of Honor." This honor is mentioned in: "Hizo Declaraciones a LA RAZÓN el Dr. Castro, Coordinador de las N. Unidas"

2621:

Montevideo, Wednesday, January 21, 1948, "Entrevista con el Dr. Osvaldo Castro, miembro coordinador, para Latinoamerica, de la FAO" (with picture of Castro),

2087:, Tuesday, March 25, 1947; and "Significado Social del Censo en las Américas," Subtitle, "Conferencia sustentada ayer por el doctor Oswaldo Castro Intriago", 2176:"Prensa y radio cooperaron con todo empeño en la realización del censo" Sub headline: "Un equipo de intérpretes estuvo a las ordenes de los enumeradores..." 2116:"Se Realizó Censo de la Ciudad de Quito", sub headline: "Dr. Oswaldo Castro anunció a las ocho y media de la noche cifra provicional de 211.174 habitantes." 1895:, Quito, Ecuador – Wednesday, April 24, 1946. Same article with proposition 'de' changed to 'en' appears in "Terminó sus estudios en ciencias estadísticas," 1715:

Horacio Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel, 1997, pp. 4, 210, 216; and "Oswaldo Castro Intriago, ecuatoriano benemérito y multifacético ha muerto!"

730:

Conference on Nutrition, held in Rio, June 5–13, 1950, joining the delegation headed by nutritionist Wallace R. Aykroyd, Then early in 1951, he boarded the

120:(29 July 1902 – 26 June 1992) was an Ecuadorian journalist, teacher, poet, statistician, translator/reviser, and novelist. He was instrumental in founding 3214: 1689:, (Quito -- 1923) Year III, January 1924, No. 26, page 16. The poem also appears as one of three in "Diplomático y Novelista: Oswaldo Castro Intriago," 373:. No sooner did he receive his diploma than he was arrested for revolutionary activities, spending three months as a political prisoner in Portoviejo's 1865:"... he would show them various things outside the program, like, for example, differential calculus and statistics." From the preamble to Castro's 1192:, Enciclopedia historico-antológica de las más famosas obras en lengua castellana, Fascículo 82, p.2595, published by Siglo Ilustrado, Madrid (1972) 714:

third sub-headline, "Chile also will cooperate with the world organization in feeding Europe." Castro's promotion of FAO was cast in the light of a

2865: 2355:, "Se ultíman los preparativos para el censo de Quito que se realizará mañana" subtitle "Personal del Banco Central ha ofrecido su cooperación..." 939: 278:, written for the newspaper's twentieth anniversary edition. He also wrote articles under the anagrammed pseudonym Oscar Waldoosty for Guayaquil's 2567:

Santiago, December 18, 1947, "La FAO, hada madrina de 3 letras, busca remedio a la miseria" (with picture of Castro and an unidentified reporter)

2147:

A graphic showing the breakdown of the Census' division of labor appears on page 11 of "En la mañana de hoy tuvo lugar la realizaciòn del Censo"

1596:

Castro, 1970. Prologue pp. 14,15. Méndez Herrera's Prologue also appears in the novel's Third Edition, Círculo de Lectores, Quito, 1988; and in

1274:

November 7, 1946. The two men, Bolivar and DeSoto, the flower, the magnolia. Also noted in Resumen biográfico de don Oswaldo Castro Intriago,

2596:

Buenos Aires, Wednesday, January 14, 1948, among other Argentinian sources; "Se encuentra en la Capital el Coordinador de las Naciones Unidas"

1492: 3045: 1613:, Publicación de la Matriz, de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Gráficas Ramirez - Portoviejo, October 1983, page 37, among other sources. 369:

during the years of the discrediting of private or religious institutions in favor of accredited state and secular ones espoused by General

2297: 799:

competition. A telegram stamped July 27, 1972, from the National Fine Arts and Culture Institute informed him that the jury, composed of

446:

with unexpected sweetness." The transition from French poetic symbolism to revolutionary social concern is clearly outlined in the poem

3184: 2571:

Santiago, Thursday, December 18, 1947, "Estrecha relación hay entre el plan agrario chileno y la labor que realiza en el mundo la FAO"

2214:

Quito, Friday, May 9, 1947 (Arrival of Calvin Dedrick); "Técnico norteamericano en Estadística viene a dirigir los trabajos del Censo"

2066:

Counters Here May finish Job This Week, Interim Census Work, First of its kind in World, Studied as Pattern for Similar Work in Ecuador

1214:

Magazine started in Quito for Mejía graduates under the directorship of Olmedo del Pozo, "Órgano de la sociedad graduados del "Mejía."

2535:

La Paz, Bolivia, Tuesday, December 2, 1947, "Oswaldo Castro reunirá a los periodistas para explicarles los alcances del censo 1.950"

2456:

under the bold heading "Portoviejo, – Domingo 24 de Agosto de 1.947 " A picture of the 9 members of the Division appears in the clip.

2368: 2317:

la provincia de Pichincha en el periodo 1944 -1953" by Brazzero Novilla and María Karola, Centro Universitario Quito, 2013. Page 91.

2288:"Significado Social del Censo en las Americas", "Conferencia sustentada ayer por el doctor Oswaldo Castro Intriago." May 28, 1947, 3244: 2275:

Tuesday, June 3, 1947; A. Clark "Race, ‘Culture,’ and Mestizaje: The Statistical Construction of the Ecuadorian Nation, 1930–1950"

3144: 977:

Universidad Laica de Manabí, Talleres de Imprenta y Gráficas "Ramirez," Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador, August 1997. Pages 25 and 30.

901: 3224: 1729: 2543:

La Paz, Bolivia, Friday, December 5, 1947, "El hambre y la miseria son las causas de la guerra, dijo el Doctor Oswaldo Castro"

2531:, Lima, Perú, Monday, November 24, 1947, among other Lima and Callao newspaper sources; "Visita a Bolivia Dn. Osvaldo Castro" 1021: 263:

Castro's interest in journalism would surface again in Portoviejo when, in 1934, he joined the editorial board of the nascent

128:; in organizing the first census of the city of Quito, Ecuador as president of its technical commission; and in promoting the 2539:, La Paz, Bolivia, Wednesday, December 3, 1947, "Hay que producir más para eliminar el hambre en que se debaten los pueblos" 2292:. See also "Significado Social del Censo en las Americas, Conferencia sustentada ayer por el doctor Oswaldo Castro Intriago" 1004: 2419:"Delegado del Ecuador a la conferencia Mundial de Estadística en Washington" (with picture of Castro and López in the clip) 1000: 2840: 1706:

Castro, 1970, pp 302–304. The expanded poem appears in Chapter 23 pp. 302–304 and is played out in Chapter 18, pp. 236–240.

2547:

La Paz, Friday, December 5, 1947, among other Bolivian newspaper sources; "Funcionario ecuatoriano de la NU llega mañana"

2424: 1174:

Segunda edición en homenaje al primer centenario del nacimiento del poeta, novelista, y maestro, Horacio Hidrovo Velásquez

858:

entitled, "Homage to Oswaldo Castro and his blind mule." In November 2015, his novel was revisited by the students of the

3219: 987: 915: 3069: 3032: 2904: 2296:, May 27, 1947 where the term "demographic jungle of the Americas" is quoted; also for a lack of census experience see 2352:

Director General of Statistics and Census of Ecuador's Banco Central is the title given Procaccia by Daniel Kersffeld

1766:(Singing the Memory) Tango. Aterrizaje (Landing) is also listed in Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Pérez Pimentel, 1997, p. 221. 3204: 1109:

Oswaldo Castro, "La Mística de Pasternak, Especial para Diario Manabita en el vigésimo aniversario de su fundación."

1092:

Macario Gutiérrez Solórzano, "Un capítulo de interés periodístico que hace época en anales manabitas. Quienes hacían

887: 133: 2523:

Lima, Peru, November 20, 1947; "Declaraciones del doctor Oswaldo Castro funcionario en Latino-America de la F.A.O."

2499: 1330: 1176:, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador, 2002, pp. 28–34; and Jaime Alcívar Intriago, ReHuSo: 964:

Horacio Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Periódico de Puño y Letra, Suplemento "El Mundo" Portoviejo, Ecuador, January 31, 1982.

3179: 2608:

Asunción, Wednesday, January 14, 1948, "Hizo declaraciones a La Razón el Dr. Castro, Coordinador de las N. Unidas,

2301: 859: 2559:

Santiago, Thursday, December 18, 1947, "Representante de la NU. se entrevistò hoy con el Ministro de Agricultura"

1342: 3209: 3189: 870:, Oswaldo Castro, like the French philosopher, wanted to be both 'author and actor of everything in this life'." 2380:

Calvert Dedrick highlights the importance of these trial censuses in "Cultural Differences and Census Concepts"

3128: 697: 3113: 2555:

Santiago de Chile, Thursday, December 11, 1947, 'El Ministro Bascuñán sostuvo reunión con delegado de las NU"

1973: 204: 3194: 2563:

Santiago, Wednesday, December 17, 1947, "Delegado agrícola de las Naciones Unidas se entrevistará con S. E."

2353: 821: 511:

While in retirement he revisited the poetry of his youth, such as the poem, "La sonrisa de tus manos" , (see

406: 2134: 2069: 1939:, Department of State, Publication 3443 International Organization and Conference Series I, 7, pp. 275–281. 421:

From a generous repertoire, some published, some not, the guiding thread in Castro's poetry were the French

692: 2436: 826: 144:(1970), a loosely autobiographical novel about two teenagers coming of age in the early 1900s with Chone, 2551:

Santiago, Chile, Wednesday, December 10, 1947, "Funcionario de las Naciones Unidas llega hoy a Santiago"

2210:, March 26, 1947. (Arrival of Jorge Zarur and Frank S. Morrison); "Técnico norteamericano viene al país" 1758:, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Núcleo de Manabí, Editorial Gregorio, Portoviejo, October 1975. p. 112 1542:"Mission estadística de los Estados Unidos vendrá a hacer detenido estudio de nuestra realidad nacional" 816: 405:

at Olmedo High School, in Portoviejo. He also taught economics at Universidad Central de Quito, now the

390: 386: 2629:

Montevideo, Uruguay, Wednesday, January 28, 1948, "La FAO cumple un programa de rehabilitación mundial"

366: 2600:

Asunción, Paraguay, Wednesday, January 14, 1948, "Funcionario de las Naciones Unidas llegó a Asunción"

1039:

UTM Universidad Técnica de Manabí, July 1994, Pages 19 and 21. A picture of Columba Coppiano's copy of

362: 1937:

Participation of the United States Government in International Conferences: July 1, 1946–June 30, 1947

722: 3199: 3156: 1921:

Tom Robertson, "Ecuador Official Learns English Easy Way; Studies Recording of Statistics in State",

891:, Oswaldo Castro, First Edition, November 1970; printed by Gráficas Gardal, Boix y Morer, 17, Madrid. 2437:

International Statistical conferences meet in Washington; Committee on Census of the Americas meets"

1567: 808: 2941:, June 1971, CBA 12, June 1971, vol. III. This quote also appears in Iglesias Matas, 2002, p. 224. 2040: 1386: 1134:, Guayaquil; Oscar Waldoosty, "Marcos Uscocovich: un hombre símbolo." Instantáneas de Washington, 796: 430: 2646:, Turrialba, Costa Rica, January, 1948; "Mañana inicia sus sesiones la conferencia de Nutrición" 2425:

First Session of the Inter American Statistical Institute, September 6–18, 1947 Washington, D. C.

1309: 955:, AFYC Agrupación Fraterna y Cultural, July 21, 1985, Chone, Ecuador, p. 15, among other sources. 788: 378: 3098: 2604:

Asunción, Paraguay, Wednesday, January 14, 1948, "Visita nuestro país el Doctor Oswaldo Castro"

2271:

Saturday, June 28, 1947; "Muchos datos estadísticos de interés dará a conocer el próximo censo"

2240:

Wednesday, June 4, 1947; "Muchos datos estadísticos de interés dará a conocer el próximo censo"

3145:

https://vdocuments.mx/nuevo-encuentro-del-club-de-lectura-en-la-biblioteca-la-obra-la-mula.html

2588:

Tuesday, January 6, 1948, "Formuló declaraciones un delegado de la U. N. en la América Latina"

1675: 1520: 394: 382: 229: 145: 2129:"Ecuadorian here for census study: Enumeration expected to be completed in City by April 11," 1663: 2580:

Buenos Aires, Sunday, January 4, 1948, "Encuentrase en Buenos Aires un funcionario de la UN"

307:".) His technical papers were published in professional magazines and journals, most notably 2485:

August 1, 1947; "Comité de organización de alimentos y agricultura filial de ONU sesionará"

2025: 1836:

Cicerón Robles Velásquez, "Cuando los maestros mueren" (When teachers die), in an obituary,

1823:; "Aterrizaje" Mendoza Moreira, page 112; "Untitled" Castro, 1970 pp. 302–304; "Buenos ..." 287:

Romantic poems as well as those appealing for social justice were written for the newspaper

224:(written by Castro), social, literary, humor, and daily life columns, as well as updates on 3239: 3234: 2083:

January 8, 1947; "Técnicos norteamericanos colaborarán en el censo de la ciudad de Quito",

1278:, Portoviejo, Thursday July 2, 1992 – 9B; "Dr. Oswaldo Castro Intriago" Alfredo Vera Vera, 342: 244:

under the directorship of Ramón Verduga Cornejo. Due to the exodus of many of its writers,

240:

was taken over by the Centro Social Juventud Chonense. By 1921, it was a well-established

3011:, Colección Luna Llena, Editor Antonio Correa Losada, 2004 Quito, Ecuador; Oswaldo Castro 2895:– Santa Cruz de Tenerife – Islas Canarias, Friday, December 8, 1972. The list appears in 1949: 1926: 1432:. Segundo Tomo. Editorial "Fr. Jodoco Ricke" Quito, Ecuador 1948, p. 318; see also p. 310. 8: 1779:, No. 3, page 79, in the year 1922, Hidrovo Peñaherrera and Pérez Pimentel, 1997, p. 26, 754: 213: 3086: 2773: 2584:

Buenos Aires, Lunes, January 5, 1948, "Llegó en misión oficial un funcionario de la UN"

1017: 753:

a full year before the term hit mainstream, and narrowly missing the full impact of the

2937:

Madrid, Alfaguara, 1971 351 pps. S. Ilut. H. Alvarez M., CBA 11, March 1971, vol. III;

1652:

Nómina de los miembros de la fracción universitaria de izquierda que fueron expulsados"

1651: 850: 812: 649: 426: 73: 174: 3028: 2900: 2859: 1925:, Jackson, Mississippi, Friday morning, October 11, 1946. For the complete clip see: 1511: 933: 2406:"El hambre y la miseria son las causas de la guerra, dijo el Doctor Oswaldo Castro" 867: 804: 612:(Bahìa de Caráquez, 1958 – Set to music as a Pasillo by Constantino Mendoza Moreira) 2891:"La Mula Ciega, del ecuatoriano Oswaldo Castro - II" Constantino Aznar de Acevedo, 2267:, June 29, 1947; "211.174 habitantes da el computo provisional del Censo de Quito" 1244:, Barcelona, June 3, 1953, and in "Trabajo del Dr. Oswaldo Castro será publicado," 800: 780: 743: 737: 666: 645: 422: 328: 2878:"La Mula Ciega, del ecuatoriano Oswaldo Castro - I" Constantino Aznar de Acevedo, 2776:. "Chegam ao Rio, amanhã, os representantes da FAO para Conferência de Nutricão" 2189:"Vienen a realizar trabajos preliminares para el Censo del las Americas en 1950." 1372:

Othon Castillo Vélez, "La fecunda e interesante vida de Oswaldo Castro Intriago,"

779:

in November 1970 in Madrid. To his dismay, whole passages were cut; and even so,

2510:, 4500 Sixteenth St. N. W., Washington 11, D.C., No. 51, February 15, 1948. p. 2. 1331:

https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219626220421144&set=gm.3082412995195425

1123: 863: 670: 274: 2326:"Nadie podrà abandonar su casa mientras se realice el censo de Quito de este." 1291:

Oswaldo Castro ¿Crisis de la novela en el Ecuador? p. 6, Los Angeles, Calif. –

337: 233: 221: 170: 129: 121: 57: 20: 3124: 2792:

From February 1951 FAO job application, and January 31, 1963 curriculum vitae.

2236:"Profesores primarios coadyuvarán a la realizaciòn del censo de esta ciudad." 365:. All of its students were required to take their examinations in the secular 3168: 2055: 1419:

November 20, 1947 Lima, Peru, states that he is founder of this Organization.

792: 750: 683: 662: 634: 345:, wrote of its genesis. One of his last journalistic articles on literature, 332: 2527:

Lima, Peru, November 21, 1947, "Colegio de doctores en ciencias economicas"

2100:"Prestaron juramento los enumeradores que realizaron el censo de Quito hoy" 1533:

Horacio Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel, 1997, pp. 24, 126, 227.

1442: 1270:

Ecuador Envoy Finds Familiar Word Here, Tells of Origin of DeSoto, Bolivar;

726: 2802: 2393:"El Censo de Quito será un ensayo de valor para el censo general del país" 2263:"Varias personas han concurrido a la O. del Censo para hacerse empadronar" 1856:

Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Núcleo de Manabí, Portoviejo, 2002, p. 223.

1626: 766: 762: 136:

as its liaison officer for Southern Latin America. While in retirement in

1609:

Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Pérez Pimentel, 1997. page 29; Dumar Iglesias Matas,

433:

poets), burned his early poems. His two unpublished collections of poems,

157: 3076:

Tuesday, July 30, 2002; among many other before and after death tributes.

2481:"Organizaciòn de la Naciones Unidas para la alimentaciòn y agricultura." 731: 370: 280: 225: 37: 3003:, segunda edición, Editorial Gregorio, Portoviejo, 1979; Oswaldo Castro 2030:. Division of Cultural Cooperation, Department of State. 1947. p. 1 736:

and headed to Rome to a behind-the-scenes, behind-the-desk position at

2519:"Visita Lima un funcionario de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas" 2160:"En Quito hay 12.311 casas con 18 habitantes más o menos en cada casa" 854: 771: 84: 2708:"Delegado Agrícola de las Naciones Unidas se entrevistará con S. E." 397:

and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, in

251: 153: 2882:– Santa Cruz de Tenerife – Islas Canarias, Friday, December 1, 1972. 2722: 193:, a weekly published in Portoviejo, the capital of Manabí province. 2782:"Reunião da organização de gèneros e agricultura no Rio de Janeiro" 2371:

p. 45, although the number of inhabitants differs in this document.

1387:"Docentes (Marco A. Reinoso) y estudiantes de la Escuela Mercantil" 1295:, 8 November 1971; Oswaldo Castro ¿Crísis de la novela en Ecuador? 3157:

https://www.facebook.com/ermogenes.willians/videos/757717338507710

2660:

Formuló Declaraciones Un Delegado de la U. N. en la America Latina

2227:"La planificación técnica del censo de Quito" Friday, July 4, 1947 1899:, Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador, (no picture) Friday, April 26, 1946. 207:, Columba Coppiano Delgado was able to produce a pristine copy of 2298:

Desde 1950, en Ecuador se cuenta cuántos somos a través de censos

1811:

Pages 32, 33; "Cantando..." Mendoza Moreira, page 137; "Pibe..."

178: 2670:, Year XVIII Buenos Aires, Saturday, January 10, 1948. No. 5999. 1719:, July 2, 1992, Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador, among other sources. 744:

Translator/reviser of words and memories: the writing of a novel

2834: 2832: 137: 1478:

Oswaldo Castro dará Conferencia en la Universidad de Manabí,"

1148: 1022:

El Iris Órgano del Centro Social Juventud Chonense-Chone 1917"

628: 356: 3015:, Colecciòn Bicentenario, Ministerio de Cultura, Quito, 2008. 185:

edited and wrote articles for Chone's first cultural weekly,

149: 2829: 1803:, Year II, No. 22, September 1923, page 18; "La sonrisa..." 1807:, Year III, January 1924, No. 26, page 16; "Miss Chone..." 1730:"Prof. Constantino Mendoza Moreira - Personajes Históricos" 1065: 398: 3046:

Ministerio de Cultura del Ecuador Informe de gestión 2008"

2452:"La División de Estadística Internacional en Washington", 413:("Elementary Statistical Analysis") for non-math majors. 2254:

María Karola, Centro Universitario Quito, 2013. Page 92.

2202:"Personalidades en el campo estadístico que llegan hoy" 594:(Set to music as a Tango by Constantino Mendoza Moreira) 189:. The only newspaper available in Chone at the time was 2508:

Dominican Republic, A Bulletin of the Dominican Embassy

1310:"Un colegio que cumple 105 años - Revista Mundo Diners" 1282:, Bahía de Caráquez, July 2, 1992, among other sources. 1180:, Year 2019, Vol. 4, No. 1. p. 33, among other sources. 853:. He had a double funeral: one in Bethesda and one in 479:

como en un cristal he visto la eclosión de tu candente,

3102:

de Santos Miranda. A 12 años de un triunfo literario."

2662:

with picture of Castro and 4 reporters with caption "'

1641:

Natal y João Pessoa, Brasil, November 2012, Chapter 5.

1592: 1590: 1588: 1088: 1086: 3230:

University of Michigan School of Public Health alumni

2774:

https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/137/4/873/4664689

1848: 1846: 483:

o la de Ila que amó a Buda allá en el lejano Oriente.

385:

1945–46; a certificate in Census Statistics from the

3007:, Círculo de Lectores, Quito, 1988; Oswaldo Castro, 2218:

Sunday, May 28, 1947 (Arrival of Robert Richardson).

497:

me brindó como un presente la sonrisa de tus manos.

103:

poet, journalist, statistician, translator, novelist

3175:

Academic staff of the Central University of Ecuador

3147:

among other studies and readings done posthumously.

1799:Year 2, No.21, August 1923, page 23; "Figulina..." 1585: 1083: 973:

Horacio Hidrovo Peñaherrera, Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel

967: 721:On December 19, 1947, he was received by President 703: 486:

Y en tus ojos dos luceros de misterios de erotismo,

259:

1916–1935; a copy owned by Columba Coppiano Delgado

1843: 490:de los rezos solitarios, miré impresa la brillante 477:Y en mis dos ojos ingenuos que se ríen del Nirvana 16:Ecuadorian journalist and statistician (1902–1992) 2644:Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences 2470:Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences 2464: 2462: 2369:Una mirada histórica a la estadística del Ecuador 1891:"Terminó sus estudios de ciencias estadísticas," 1415:– Saturday, January 17, 1948, Asunción, Bolivia. 1183: 495:y tu carne de histerismo, con estertores paganos, 317:Instituto Iberoamericano de Cooperación Económica 3166: 1795:Year 2, No. 19, June 1923, p. 11; "Mi nocturno" 1556:published and, apart from the prologue, is lost. 1149:"El Comercio - Noticias del Ecuador y del mundo" 488:cual los ojos de Teresa de Jesús, la loca amante 481:de tu lúbrica mirada cual la de una cruel gitana 474:y mis dos ojos ingenuos que se ríen del Nirvana. 472:ha besado mis cabellos, las arrugas de mi frente 353:), was written in Madrid during his retirement. 2206:, Sunday, March 23, 1947; "Comentarios de hoy" 2172: 2170: 2012:Mississippi Vital Statistics Monthly Newsletter 1791:Year 1, No. 12, page 11, November 1922; "Frio" 1787:, Year 1, No. 8, July 1922, page 21; "¡Tarde!" 1018:El Iris: Precursor de la comunicación chonense" 323:also in Madrid; An article in English entitled 3072:; "Recordaron natalicio de escritor manabita" 2459: 2120:, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Saturday, June 28, 1947. 1984:"Foreign Census Director Here To View Count," 1043:appears in the back cover of this publication. 880: 493:y la suave castidad de tu carne de histerismo, 468:La sonrisa de tus manos de Princesa decadente, 2506:, Sikeston, Missouri, 6 November 1947. p. 4; 2143: 2141: 2068:, The Wilmington Morning Star, April 9, 1946. 1031: 1029: 2864:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2839:S.A, El Diario, Grupo Ediasa (Jul 4, 2017). 2167: 2112: 2110: 1882:, Wilmington North Carolina, March 29, 1946. 938:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 512: 470:la sonrisa de tus manos de gentil Samaritana 3215:Food and Agriculture Organization officials 3125:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JASlpsMX_Y4 2973:: novela prohibida" por R. A. Carbo Noboa, 2664:Cocktail' a los Representantes de la Prensa 1988:, Wilmington, N. C., Friday, March 9, 1946. 1368: 1366: 1364: 1178:Revista de Ciencias Humanísticas y Sociales 914:S.A, El Diario, Grupo Ediasa (2017-10-31). 629:The magus of math, the Segura of statistics 357:High school, higher education, and teaching 118:Oswaldo José de los Ángeles Castro Intriago 2949: 2947: 2410:La Paz, Bolivia, Friday, December 5, 1947. 2138: 1035:Dr. Jacinto Alejandro González Vintimilla 1026: 36: 2826:Castro, 1970, Dedication, no page number. 2780:Rio de Janeiro, domingo 29 de maio 1950; 2441:American Statistical Association Bulletin 2107: 2052:American Statistical Association Bulletin 1443:"200,000 soldiers return home each month" 2633:Montevideo, Wednesday, January 28, 1948. 2397:Quito, Ecuador – Saturday, May 10, 1947. 1361: 1261:, Oswaldo Castro, Madrid, December 1956. 1257:"La dinámica del crédito agropecuario," 902:Biografia de don Raymundo Aveiga Moreira 250: 228:. The students took sides: some for the 220:, an account of the gales besetting the 124:'s first newspaper, the cultural weekly 2986:Walter Rubin "La Mula Ciega y Platero" 2944: 1565: 163: 3167: 3131:; "'La mula ciega' al cine y teatro," 3070:Centenario del escritor Oswaldo Castro 2650:, Montevideo, Saturday, July 17, 1948. 2472:, Turrialba, Costa Rica, January, 1948 1568:"José Méndez, poeta y autor dramático" 1566:Tecglen, Eduardo Haro (Jun 18, 1986). 1227:"Abaratamiento de las subsistencias," 1122:Oscar Waldoosty, "Panoramas de Europa 1055:, Year 1, Number 5, April 1922, page 2 1005:Chone: iris, periodismo precursor (ii) 2468:"FAO-Institute Cooperation Outlined" 2339:For pictures of a deserted Quito see 1908:"Compatriota que triunfa en EE. UU." 1001:Chone: iris, periodismo percursor (i) 2500:Three FAO experts tour Latin America 2193:March 26, 1947, among other sources. 1639:Ricardo Paredes y su Luz en el Mundo 216:(most probably written by Bolaños); 3087:Unidad Educativa Oswaldo Castro I." 2838: 2384:Vol. 27, No. 3 (July 1949), p. 288. 2382:The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 2302:Demographic Status of South America 1997:"Population Count begins tomorrow" 1783:; "Va llegando..." and "Thinking," 913: 844: 655: 361:From 1918 to 1924, Castro attended 13: 2841:"El gran gabo y nuestros macondos" 2712:Santiago, Chile, 18 December 1947. 2695:; La Paz, Bolivia, where the word 2041:Noteworthy moments in our history" 1343:"Un siglo de Othón Castillo Vélez" 833:; from Oswaldo Castro Intriago in 304: 14: 3256: 3185:20th-century Ecuadorian educators 3135:, Edición 233, February 23, 2008. 3114:La Mula Ciega en el Bankers Club" 1218:, Vol. IV, #7, July 1941, p. 265. 860:Universidad Politécnica Salesiana 849:Castro died on June 26, 1992, in 303:also published his poetry. (See " 134:Food and Agriculture Organization 3150: 3138: 3118: 3106: 3091: 3079: 3063: 3051: 3038: 3018: 2993: 2980: 2963: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2885: 2872: 2820: 2795: 2786: 2767: 2755: 2752:, Lima, Peru, February 10, 1948. 2742: 2715: 2702: 2686: 2673: 2653: 1248:, Quito, Thursday, July 30, 1953 916:"Las memorias de un historiador" 704:Promoter of FAO in Latin America 531: 393:, Italy in conjunction with the 347:¿Crísis de la novela en Ecuador? 335:could not be found although the 3245:Ecuadorian expatriates in Spain 2636: 2513: 2492: 2475: 2446: 2429: 2413: 2400: 2387: 2374: 2362: 2346: 2333: 2320: 2306: 2282: 2277:Journal of Historical Sociology 2257: 2247: 2230: 2221: 2196: 2183: 2154: 2123: 2094: 2073: 2059: 2045: 2017: 2004: 1991: 1978: 1967: 1942: 1930: 1915: 1902: 1885: 1872: 1867:Análisis Estadístico Elemental, 1859: 1830: 1769: 1748: 1722: 1709: 1700: 1680: 1668: 1664:¿Que hice en el senado?" p. 26. 1656: 1644: 1631: 1616: 1603: 1559: 1549: 1536: 1527: 1485: 1471: 1461: 1435: 1422: 1404: 1379: 1335: 1324: 1302: 1285: 1264: 1251: 1234: 1221: 1208: 1195: 1166: 1141: 1116: 1103: 1058: 1046: 988:Chone: Creciente forja cultural 837:; from Othon Castillo Vélez in 676: 451: 3225:University of Guayaquil alumni 2279:Volume 11, Issue 2, June 1998. 1762:(Landing), Pasillo and p. 137 1623:Diccionario Biográfico Ecuador 1010: 993: 980: 958: 946: 907: 894: 648:tabulating machines at IBM in 411:Análisis Estadístico Elemental 1: 2935:Castro Oswaldo: La mula ciega 2683:, 18 December 1947, Santiago. 1754:Constantino Mendoza Moreira, 1611:Testimonio Cultural de Manabí 1430:Resumen histórico del Ecuador 1113:, Portoviejo, March 13, 1959. 873: 822:One Hundred Years of Solitude 407:Central University of Ecuador 2954:La Mula Ciega: Semifinalista 1974:"In-service training grants" 1950:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1949" 1391:Fondo Nacional de Fotografía 1138:, Guayaquil, August 7, 1977. 7: 1999:The Wilmington Morning Star 1637:Lenin Eduardo Paredes Ruiz 1482:, Portoviejo, 17 July 1956. 1457:– via Newspapers.com. 1037:Historia de Chone 1894–1994 769:'s then recently published 441:, as well as a short story 387:United States Census Bureau 291:, in Quito, as well as for 205:Horacio Hidrovo Peñaherrera 10: 3261: 3220:People from Chone, Ecuador 3127:Uploaded by Raúl Zavala; " 1625:, Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel. 1600:Portoviejo, November 1970. 1376:, Sunday, January 6, 1946. 1216:The Pan American Bookshelf 975:Vidas ejemplares de Manabí 632: 242:popular semanario chonense 18: 1519:Cite uses generic title ( 1172:Mariana Petroni Andrade, 1096:en Portoviejo en 1.934." 827:Horacio Hidrovo Velásquez 815:, had given the prize to 698:José María Velasco Ibarra 416: 111:Spanish, English, Italian 107: 99: 91: 80: 63: 44: 35: 28: 3205:Ecuadorian statisticians 2907:. Appendix, pp. 369–378. 2010:"Visitor from Ecuador", 1734:Enciclopedia Del Ecuador 1449:. 11 Oct 1945. p. 1 1299:– Sunday, Nov. 14, 1971. 1259:Revista Moneda y Crédito 738:FAO's world headquarters 367:Instituto Nacional Mejía 19:Not to be confused with 3180:Ecuadorian demographers 2343:Saturday, June 28, 1947 2330:Tuesday, June 10, 1947. 2131:Wilmington Morning Star 1581:– via elpais.com. 723:Gabriel González Videla 693:Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño 598:Pibe de montaña adentro 580:La sonrisa de tus manos 463:LA SONRISA DE TUS MANOS 379:University of Guayaquil 3210:Ecuadorian translators 3190:Ecuadorian journalists 3129:La mula ciega al cine: 2244:Tuesday, June 3, 1947. 2151:Friday, June 27, 1947. 1852:Dumar Iglesias Matas, 1697:Oswaldo Castro, p. 320 817:Gabriel García Márquez 809:Emir Rodríguez Monegal 508: 395:University of Nebraska 383:University of Michigan 260: 255:Chone's first weekly, 140:, Spain, he published 3060:Sunday, June 28, 1992 2939:Ecuatoriano Prohibido 2439:pages 1 and 4. Also 2104:Friday, June 27, 1947 2014:, September 15, 1946. 1428:J. Gonzalo Orellana, 1203:Trimestre Estadístico 1201:"Economia Dirigida," 797:Rómulo Gallegos Prize 544:Va llegando el hastío 528:have been published. 457: 450:written in 1935 (see 431:Generación decapitada 375:Cuartel de Infantería 309:Trimestre Estadístico 254: 3195:Ecuadorian novelists 2681:Las Últimas Noticias 2569:Las Últimas Noticias 2423:September 27, 1947; 1764:Cantando el Recuerdo 711:Las Últimas Noticias 592:Cantando el recuerdo 526:Cantando el Recuerdo 343:Jackson, Mississippi 325:Two men and a flower 164:Youth and journalism 3058:The Washington Post 2960:, January 31, 1973. 2956:" Cristina Romero, 2899:, Oswaldo Castro, 2573:El Diario Ilustrado 1986:The Wilmington News 1880:The Wilmington News 1825:La Tijera Literaria 1813:La Tijera Literaria 1756:Melodías de mi vida 1493:"Log into Facebook" 1190:La Tijera Literaria 1066:"El Diario Ecuador" 807:, Domingo Miliani, 755:Latin American Boom 538:Sigo rimando versos 363:Colegio San Gabriel 301:La Tijera Literaria 214:Miguel de Cervantes 2778:Diario de Noticias 2504:The Daily Standard 1923:The Clarion Ledger 1838:El Diario Manabita 1775:"Sigo..." Revista 1676:Una demanda" p. 4. 1546:, January 8, 1947. 1272:The Clarion-Ledger 1153:www.elcomercio.com 1098:El Diario Manabita 851:Bethesda, Maryland 831:Un hombre y un rio 813:Mario Vargas Llosa 650:Endicott, New York 586:Miss Chone, Salve: 427:Russian Revolution 391:University of Rome 261: 181:on July 29, 1902. 74:Bethesda, Maryland 2977:, 15 August 1971. 2845:El Diario Ecuador 2762:Noticias Gráficas 2668:Noticias Gráficas 2590:Noticias Gráficas 2133:, April 5, 1946. 2001:, March 31, 1946. 1100:, March 13, 1959. 920:El Diario Ecuador 606:(Guayaquil, 1935) 600:(Guayaquil, 1935) 267:, today known as 248:folded in 1935. 146:Bahía de Caráquez 115: 114: 3252: 3200:Ecuadorian poets 3159: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3042: 3036: 3022: 3016: 2997: 2991: 2984: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2951: 2942: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2836: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2727: 2719: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2690: 2684: 2677: 2671: 2657: 2651: 2640: 2634: 2517: 2511: 2496: 2490: 2489:August 14, 1947. 2479: 2473: 2466: 2457: 2450: 2444: 2433: 2427: 2417: 2411: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2350: 2344: 2337: 2331: 2324: 2318: 2310: 2304: 2290:Ultimas Noticias 2286: 2280: 2261: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2200: 2194: 2187: 2181: 2174: 2165: 2158: 2152: 2145: 2136: 2127: 2121: 2114: 2105: 2098: 2092: 2089:Últimas Noticias 2085:Últimas Noticias 2077: 2071: 2063: 2057: 2049: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2002: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1976: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1919: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1889: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1863: 1857: 1854:Ecuador Cultural 1850: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1773: 1767: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1726: 1720: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1635: 1629: 1620: 1614: 1607: 1601: 1594: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1489: 1483: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1439: 1433: 1426: 1420: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1383: 1377: 1370: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1339: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1306: 1300: 1289: 1283: 1268: 1262: 1255: 1249: 1238: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1212: 1206: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1145: 1139: 1120: 1114: 1107: 1101: 1090: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1033: 1024: 1014: 1008: 997: 991: 984: 978: 971: 965: 962: 956: 950: 944: 943: 937: 929: 927: 926: 911: 905: 898: 892: 884: 845:Death and legacy 839:Sed en el puerto 801:Antonia Palacios 718:against hunger. 667:Henry F. Vaughan 656:The statistician 646:Herman Hollerith 622:Buenos días luna 574:Figulina de humo 465: 329:Hernando de Soto 321:Moneda y Crédito 70: 54: 52: 40: 26: 25: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3100:La Casa de Nené 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3039: 3023: 3019: 2999:Oswaldo Castro 2998: 2994: 2985: 2981: 2968: 2964: 2952: 2945: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2890: 2886: 2877: 2873: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2743: 2734: 2732: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2703: 2691: 2687: 2678: 2674: 2658: 2654: 2648:El Bien Público 2641: 2637: 2518: 2514: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2467: 2460: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2430: 2418: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2388: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2321: 2311: 2307: 2287: 2283: 2262: 2258: 2252: 2248: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2184: 2180:, July 1, 1947. 2175: 2168: 2159: 2155: 2146: 2139: 2128: 2124: 2115: 2108: 2099: 2095: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2046: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2009: 2005: 1996: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1968: 1958: 1956: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1935: 1931: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1890: 1886: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1851: 1844: 1835: 1831: 1774: 1770: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1649: 1645: 1636: 1632: 1621: 1617: 1608: 1604: 1598:Recado Cultural 1595: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1518: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1480:Diario Manabita 1476: 1472: 1466: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1447:The Tampa Times 1441: 1440: 1436: 1427: 1423: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1290: 1286: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1252: 1239: 1235: 1229:Revista Eslabòn 1226: 1222: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1184: 1171: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1121: 1117: 1111:Diario Manabita 1108: 1104: 1094:Diario Manabita 1091: 1084: 1074: 1072: 1070:www.eldiario.ec 1064: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1034: 1027: 1015: 1011: 998: 994: 985: 981: 972: 968: 963: 959: 951: 947: 931: 930: 924: 922: 912: 908: 899: 895: 885: 881: 876: 847: 819:with his novel 746: 706: 679: 671:Halbert L. Dunn 658: 637: 631: 534: 509: 501: 499: 496: 494: 492: 491: 489: 487: 485: 484: 482: 480: 478: 476: 475: 473: 471: 469: 467: 466: 461: 460: 419: 359: 265:Diario Manabita 232:, some for the 230:Triple Alliance 166: 95:Oscar Waldoosty 72: 68: 56: 50: 48: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3258: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3161: 3160: 3149: 3137: 3133:El Autonomista 3117: 3105: 3090: 3078: 3062: 3050: 3037: 3033:978-1987695076 3025:The Blind Mule 3017: 2992: 2979: 2962: 2943: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2905:978-1987695076 2897:The Blind Mule 2884: 2871: 2828: 2819: 2803:"Bibliography" 2794: 2785: 2766: 2754: 2741: 2723:"FAO pamphlet" 2714: 2701: 2699:is first used. 2685: 2672: 2652: 2635: 2512: 2491: 2474: 2458: 2445: 2428: 2412: 2399: 2386: 2373: 2361: 2359:June 26, 1947. 2345: 2332: 2319: 2305: 2281: 2256: 2246: 2229: 2220: 2195: 2182: 2166: 2164:April 5, 1947. 2153: 2137: 2122: 2106: 2093: 2072: 2058: 2044: 2016: 2003: 1990: 1977: 1966: 1954:NobelPrize.org 1941: 1929: 1914: 1901: 1884: 1871: 1858: 1842: 1829: 1768: 1747: 1736:. May 20, 2016 1721: 1717:El Nuevo Globo 1708: 1699: 1695:The Blind Mule 1679: 1667: 1655: 1643: 1630: 1615: 1602: 1584: 1558: 1548: 1535: 1526: 1484: 1470: 1460: 1434: 1421: 1403: 1378: 1360: 1349:. Jun 29, 2012 1334: 1323: 1301: 1284: 1280:El Nuevo Globo 1263: 1250: 1233: 1220: 1207: 1205:, Quito, 1944. 1194: 1182: 1165: 1140: 1115: 1102: 1082: 1057: 1045: 1025: 1009: 992: 979: 966: 957: 953:Chone Cultural 945: 906: 893: 878: 877: 875: 872: 846: 843: 805:José Luis Cano 745: 742: 705: 702: 678: 675: 657: 654: 630: 627: 626: 625: 624:(Madrid, 1972) 619: 618:(Madrid, 1970) 613: 607: 601: 595: 589: 583: 577: 571: 565: 559: 553: 547: 541: 533: 530: 507: 506: 505:, Quito, 1923. 458: 456: 418: 415: 358: 355: 349:(published in 338:Clarion-Ledger 273:La Mística de 234:Triple Entente 222:Cantabrian Sea 165: 162: 160:as backdrops. 130:United Nations 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 82: 78: 77: 71:(aged 89) 65: 61: 60: 58:Chone, Ecuador 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 30:Oswaldo Castro 29: 21:Osvaldo Castro 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3257: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3054: 3047: 3041: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3014: 3013:La Mula Ciega 3010: 3009:La Mula Ciega 3006: 3005:La Mula Ciega 3002: 3001:La Mula Ciega 2996: 2989: 2983: 2976: 2972: 2971:La mula ciega 2966: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2881: 2875: 2867: 2861: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2833: 2823: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2745: 2731: 2724: 2718: 2711: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2383: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2342: 2336: 2329: 2323: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2171: 2163: 2157: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2135: 2132: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2103: 2097: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2042: 2029: 2028: 2020: 2013: 2007: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1912:, July, 1946. 1911: 1905: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1839: 1833: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1718: 1712: 1703: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1640: 1634: 1628:Vol. 2, p. 6. 1627: 1624: 1619: 1612: 1606: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1530: 1522: 1513: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1464: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1407: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1312:. 6 July 2012 1311: 1305: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1260: 1254: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1231:, Quito, 1945 1230: 1224: 1217: 1211: 1204: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1112: 1106: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1030: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1006: 1002: 996: 989: 983: 976: 970: 961: 954: 949: 941: 935: 921: 917: 910: 903: 897: 890: 889: 888:La Mula Ciega 883: 879: 871: 869: 865: 861: 856: 852: 842: 840: 836: 835:La mula ciega 832: 828: 824: 823: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 784: 782: 778: 777:La Mula Ciega 774: 773: 768: 764: 760: 759:La mula ciega 756: 752: 751:magic realism 741: 739: 735: 734: 728: 724: 719: 717: 712: 701: 699: 694: 689: 685: 684:Peter Thullen 674: 672: 668: 664: 663:John Boyd Orr 653: 651: 647: 643: 636: 635:Pancho Segura 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 588:(Chone, 1928) 587: 584: 582:(Quito, 1923) 581: 578: 576:(Quito, 1923) 575: 572: 570:(Quito, 1923) 569: 566: 564:(Quito, 1923) 563: 560: 558:(Quito, 1922) 557: 554: 552:(Quito, 1922) 551: 548: 546:(Quito, 1922) 545: 542: 540:(Quito, 1922) 539: 536: 535: 532:List of poems 529: 527: 523: 518: 514: 504: 503: 502: 498: 464: 455: 453: 449: 444: 443:Una de tantas 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 414: 412: 408: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 339: 334: 333:Simon Bolivar 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305:list of poems 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 282: 277: 276: 270: 266: 258: 253: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 206: 201: 196: 192: 188: 182: 180: 176: 172: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 142:La Mula Ciega 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 83: 81:Resting place 79: 75: 67:June 26, 1992 66: 62: 59: 55:July 29, 1902 47: 43: 39: 34: 27: 22: 3152: 3140: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3099: 3093: 3081: 3073: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3040: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2987: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2921: 2912: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2879: 2874: 2848:. Retrieved 2844: 2822: 2810:. Retrieved 2806: 2797: 2788: 2777: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2744: 2733:. Retrieved 2729: 2717: 2709: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2561:El Imparcial 2560: 2556: 2552: 2549:El Imparcial 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2469: 2453: 2448: 2440: 2431: 2420: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2394: 2389: 2381: 2376: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2340: 2335: 2327: 2322: 2313: 2308: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2190: 2185: 2177: 2161: 2156: 2148: 2130: 2125: 2118:El Telégrafo 2117: 2101: 2096: 2091:May 26, 1947 2088: 2084: 2081:El Telégrafo 2080: 2075: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2047: 2032:. Retrieved 2026: 2019: 2011: 2006: 1998: 1993: 1985: 1980: 1969: 1957:. Retrieved 1953: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1917: 1910:El Telégrafo 1909: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1879: 1874: 1869:unpublished. 1866: 1861: 1853: 1840:, July 1992. 1837: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1738:. Retrieved 1733: 1724: 1716: 1711: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1638: 1633: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1605: 1597: 1575:. Retrieved 1571: 1561: 1551: 1544:El Telégrafo 1543: 1538: 1529: 1500:. Retrieved 1496: 1487: 1479: 1473: 1463: 1451:. Retrieved 1446: 1437: 1429: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1394:. Retrieved 1390: 1381: 1374:El Telégrafo 1373: 1351:. Retrieved 1346: 1337: 1326: 1314:. Retrieved 1304: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1258: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1228: 1223: 1215: 1210: 1202: 1197: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1156:. Retrieved 1152: 1143: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:EN MADRID." 1118: 1110: 1105: 1097: 1093: 1073:. Retrieved 1069: 1060: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1036: 1020:, page 12. " 1012: 995: 982: 974: 969: 960: 952: 948: 923:. Retrieved 919: 909: 896: 886: 882: 848: 838: 834: 830: 820: 785: 776: 770: 767:John Cleland 763:Henry Miller 758: 747: 732: 720: 715: 710: 707: 687: 680: 677:Quito census 659: 641: 638: 621: 615: 609: 603: 597: 591: 585: 579: 573: 567: 561: 555: 549: 543: 537: 525: 521: 516: 510: 500: 462: 459: 447: 442: 438: 434: 420: 410: 403: 374: 360: 350: 346: 336: 324: 320: 316: 315:, in Quito; 312: 308: 300: 296: 292: 288: 286: 279: 272: 268: 264: 262: 256: 245: 241: 237: 217: 208: 199: 194: 191:El Horizonte 190: 186: 183: 167: 141: 125: 117: 116: 69:(1992-06-26) 3240:1992 deaths 3235:1902 births 2975:El Universo 2958:El Universo 2807:www.fao.org 2750:El Comercio 2730:www.fao.org 2553:El Mercurio 2545:Última Hora 2525:El Comercio 2521:El Comercio 2487:El Comercio 2483:El Comercio 2421:El Comercio 2408:Última Hora 2395:El Comercio 2357:El Comercio 2341:El Comercio 2328:El Comercio 2314:El Comercio 2273:El Comercio 2269:El Comercio 2265:El Comercio 2242:El Comercio 2238:El Comercio 2216:El Comercio 2212:El Comercio 2208:El Comercio 2204:El Comercio 2191:El Comercio 2178:El Comercio 2162:El comercio 2149:El Comercio 2102:El Comercio 1893:El Comercio 1417:El Comercio 1347:El Universo 1297:El Universo 1246:El Comercio 1136:El Universo 1132:El Universo 1128:El Universo 568:Mi nocturno 425:poets; the 371:Eloy Alfaro 351:El Universo 319:in Madrid; 289:El Comercio 284:newspaper. 281:El Universo 226:World War I 3169:Categories 2988:La Opinión 2735:2021-01-08 2602:La Tribuna 2034:2021-01-09 2027:The Record 1805:Iniciación 1801:Iniciación 1797:Iniciación 1793:Iniciación 1789:Iniciación 1785:Iniciación 1760:Aterrizaje 1687:Iniciación 1293:La Opinión 1053:Iniciación 925:2021-01-08 874:References 855:Portoviejo 772:Fanny Hill 633:See also: 610:Aterrizaje 604:Ayer y hoy 522:Aterrizaje 448:Ayer y Hoy 439:Oro Blanco 297:Iniciación 218:La Galerna 156:, and the 100:Occupation 85:Portoviejo 51:1902-07-29 3074:el Diario 2710:La Nación 2693:El Diario 2631:El Diario 2627:La Mañana 2615:El Diario 2586:La Nación 2565:La Nación 2541:El Diario 2529:La Prensa 1821:La Prensa 1781:La Prensa 1691:La Prensa 1276:el Diario 1242:El Diario 868:Descartes 688:patriotic 435:Llamarada 423:symbolist 401:in 1956. 275:Pasternak 269:El Diario 158:Galápagos 154:Guayaquil 87:, Ecuador 2860:cite web 2619:La Razón 2610:La Razón 2598:La Razòn 2582:El Mundo 2578:La Razón 2537:La Noche 2533:La Razón 2454:El Globo 1897:El Globo 1512:cite web 1497:Facebook 1413:La Razón 934:cite web 733:Saturnia 727:Perónist 616:Untitled 550:Thinking 513:blue box 257:El Iris, 200:El Iris' 108:Language 92:Pen name 2764:, 1948. 2697:crusade 2606:El País 2557:La Hora 1819:p. 67, 1572:El País 1124:DICKENS 1041:El Iris 793:Platero 789:Jiménez 716:crusade 562:Frio... 556:¡Tarde! 313:Eslabón 246:El Iris 238:El Iris 209:El Iris 195:El Iris 187:El Iris 179:Ecuador 126:El Iris 3048:p. 11. 3031: 2903: 2893:El Día 2880:El Día 2850:Jan 8, 2812:Jan 8, 2623:El Día 2594:Clarín 2443:p. 41. 2300:; and 2294:El Día 1959:Jan 8, 1817:Pregòn 1809:Pregòn 1740:Jan 8, 1577:Jan 8, 1502:Jan 8, 1453:Jan 8, 1396:Jan 8, 1353:Jan 8, 1316:Jan 8, 1158:Jan 8, 1075:Jan 8, 864:Cuenca 781:Franco 642:abrazo 417:Poetry 327:about 175:Manabí 138:Madrid 2726:(PDF) 1777:Argos 517:Argos 452:below 293:Argos 171:Chone 150:Quito 122:Chone 76:, USA 3029:ISBN 2901:ISBN 2866:link 2852:2021 2814:2021 1961:2021 1742:2021 1579:2021 1521:help 1504:2021 1455:2021 1398:2021 1355:2021 1318:2021 1160:2021 1077:2021 940:link 811:and 765:and 524:and 437:and 399:Rome 331:and 295:and 64:Died 45:Born 2666:," 2502:", 1468:15. 1003:" " 862:in 829:in 341:of 3171:: 3027:, 2946:^ 2862:}} 2858:{{ 2843:. 2831:^ 2805:. 2728:. 2461:^ 2169:^ 2140:^ 2109:^ 1952:. 1845:^ 1815:; 1732:. 1587:^ 1570:. 1516:: 1514:}} 1510:{{ 1495:. 1445:. 1389:. 1363:^ 1345:. 1151:. 1085:^ 1068:. 1028:^ 990:". 936:}} 932:{{ 918:. 803:, 791:' 740:. 311:, 177:, 173:, 152:, 148:, 132:' 3112:" 3097:" 3085:" 3044:" 3035:. 2969:" 2868:) 2854:. 2816:. 2738:. 2498:" 2435:" 2037:. 2023:" 1963:. 1827:. 1744:. 1674:" 1662:" 1650:" 1523:) 1506:. 1400:. 1357:. 1320:. 1162:. 1079:. 1016:" 1007:" 999:" 986:" 942:) 928:. 904:" 900:" 53:) 49:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index