1403:
1381:
311:
2985:
201:(also called membrane-bounded organelles) or are spatially distinct functional units without a surrounding lipid bilayer (non-membrane bounded organelles). Although most organelles are functional units within cells, some function units that extend outside of cells are often termed organelles, such as
700:
There are also occasional exceptions to the number of membranes surrounding organelles, listed in the tables below (e.g., some that are listed as double-membrane are sometimes found with single or triple membranes). In addition, the number of individual organelles of each type found in a given cell
487:
The first, broader conception of organelles is that they are membrane-bounded structures. However, even by using this definition, some parts of the cell that have been shown to be distinct functional units do not qualify as organelles. Therefore, the use of organelle to also refer to non-membrane
2062:
WĂ€hrend die
Fortpflanzungszellen der vielzelligen Tiere unthĂ€tig fortleben bis sie sich loslösen, wandern und entwickeln, treten die einzelligen Tiere auch durch die an der Fortpflanzung beteiligten Leibesmasse in Verkehr mit der AuĂenwelt und viele bilden sich dafĂŒr auch besondere Organula".
460:). In a footnote, which was published as a correction in the next issue of the journal, he justified his suggestion to call organs of unicellular organisms "organella" since they are only differently formed parts of one cell, in contrast to multicellular organs of multicellular organisms.
1466:
has revealed a number of compartmentalization features. The
Planctomycetota cell plan includes intracytoplasmic membranes that separates the cytoplasm into paryphoplasm (an outer ribosome-free space) and pirellulosome (or riboplasm, an inner ribosome-containing space). Membrane-bounded
2008:
It may possibly be of advantage to use the word organula here instead of organ, following a suggestion by Möbius. Functionally differentiated multicellular aggregates in multicellular forms or metazoa are in this sense organs, while, for functionally differentiated portions of
2063:
Footnote on p. 448: "Die Organe der
Heteroplastiden bestehen aus vereinigten Zellen. Da die Organe der Monoplastiden nur verschieden ausgebildete Teile e i n e r Zelle sind schlage ich vor, sie âOrganula" zu nennen
688:
Not all eukaryotic cells have each of the organelles listed below. Exceptional organisms have cells that do not include some organelles (such as mitochondria) that might otherwise be considered universal to eukaryotes. The several
504:
that carry out particular and specialized functions, but they lack membrane boundaries. Many of these are referred to as "proteinaceous organelles" as their main structure is made of proteins. Such cell structures include:
2807:
Lindsay, M. R.; Webb, R. I.; Strous, M; Jetten, M. S.; Butler, M. K.; Forde, R. J.; Fuerst, J. A. (2001). "Cell compartmentalisation in planctomycetes: Novel types of structural organisation for the bacterial cell".
1981:
Die
Vacuolen sind demnach in strengem Sinne keine bestÀndigen Organe oder O r g a n u l a (wie Möbius die Organe der Einzelligen im Gegensatz zu denen der Vielzelligen zu nennen
1432:; but slowly, details are emerging about prokaryotic internal structures that overturn these assumptions. An early false turn was the idea developed in the 1970s that bacteria might contain
779:
rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes (which are bound to the ribosome membrane), has folds that are flat sacs; smooth endoplasmic reticulum has folds that are tubular
1977:
Dr. H. G. Bronn's
Klassen u. Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band. Protozoa. Dritte Abtheilung: Infusoria und System der Radiolaria
2753:
Scheffel A, Gruska M, Faivre D, Linaroudis A, Plitzko JM, SchĂŒler D (March 2006). "An acidic protein aligns magnetosomes along a filamentous structure in magnetotactic bacteria".
419:
of bodily organs to microscopic cellular substructures is obvious, as from even early works, authors of respective textbooks rarely elaborate on the distinction between the two.
665:
cells are structurally complex, and by definition are organized, in part, by interior compartments that are themselves enclosed by lipid membranes that resemble the outermost
1455:. These subcellular compartments are 100â200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by a shell of proteins. Even more striking is the description of membrane-bounded
137:
1447:
However, there is increasing evidence of compartmentalization in at least some prokaryotes. Recent research has revealed that at least some prokaryotes have
1809:
Kerfeld CA, Sawaya MR, Tanaka S, Nguyen CV, Phillips M, Beeby M, Yeates TO (August 2005). "Protein structures forming the shell of primitive organelles".
629:
Using this definition, there would only be two broad classes of organelles (i.e. those that contain their own DNA, and have originated from endosymbiotic
2363:
Imanian B, Carpenter KJ, Keeling PJ (MarchâApril 2007). "Mitochondrial genome of a tertiary endosymbiont retains genes for electron transport proteins".
476:, a space often bounded by one or two lipid bilayers, some cell biologists choose to limit the term to include only those cell compartments that contain
1933:
3456:
2179:
Nott TJ, Petsalaki E, Farber P, Jervis D, Fussner E, Plochowietz A, Craggs TD, Bazett-Jones DP, Pawson T, Forman-Kay JD, Baldwin AJ (March 2015).
3027:
2471:
Fahey RC, Newton GL, Arrick B, Overdank-Bogart T, Aley SB (April 1984). "Entamoeba histolytica: a eukaryote without glutathione metabolism".
611:
The mechanisms by which such non-membrane bounded organelles form and retain their spatial integrity have been likened to liquid-liquid
650:
Other organelles are also suggested to have endosymbiotic origins, but do not contain their own DNA (notably the flagellum â see
2539:
Badano JL, Mitsuma N, Beales PL, Katsanis N (September 2006). "The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders".
3449:
2859:
Jetten, Mike S. M.; Niftrik, Laura van; Strous, Marc; Kartal, Boran; Keltjens, Jan T.; Op den Camp, Huub J. M. (2009-06-01).
2455:
2426:
2290:
2163:
770:
translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
816:
cis-face (convex) nearest to rough endoplasmic reticulum; trans-face (concave) farthest from rough endoplasmic reticulum
2013:
or for such differentiated portions of the unicellular germ-elements of metazoa, the diminutive organula is appropriate.
2523:
3020:
1424:
are not as structurally complex as eukaryotes, and were once thought to have little internal organization, and lack
3442:
2414:
1407:
144:
217:(these could be referred to as membrane bound in the sense that they are attached to (or bound to) the membrane).
3089:
2959:
334:
2660:
Ryter A (JanuaryâFebruary 1988). "Contribution of new cryomethods to a better knowledge of bacterial anatomy".
1524:; studies have revealed that the cell membrane and the thylakoid membranes are not continuous with each other.
3191:
2418:
2181:"Phase transition of a disordered nuage protein generates environmentally responsive membraneless organelles"
1782:
575:
532:
427:
132:
2306:
Brangwynne CP, Eckmann CR, Courson DS, Rybarska A, Hoege C, Gharakhani J, JĂŒlicher F, Hyman AA (June 2009).
3013:
1777:
1556:
536:
355:
488:
bounded structures such as ribosomes is common and accepted. This has led many texts to delineate between
3000:
2989:
1787:
339:
618:
The second, more restrictive definition of organelle includes only those cell compartments that contain
2514:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Morgan D, Raff MC, Roberts K, Walter P, Wilson JH, Hunt T (2014-11-18).
1592:
1448:
265:
17:
2611:"Structural analysis of CsoS1A and the protein shell of the Halothiobacillus neapolitanus carboxysome"
125:
1521:
1440:, but these were later shown to be artifacts produced by the chemicals used to prepare the cells for
701:
varies depending upon the function of that cell.The cell membrane and cell wall are not organelles.
1831:
3186:
1662:
1493:
853:
120:
108:
2609:
Tsai Y, Sawaya MR, Cannon GC, Cai F, Williams EB, Heinhorst S, Kerfeld CA, Yeates TO (June 2007).
3521:
3465:
1138:
430:
theory which said that microorganisms have the same organs of multicellular animals, only minor.
3151:
3126:
1826:
1714:
1649:
1280:
842:; has own DNA; theorized to have been engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)
827:
2308:"Germline P granules are liquid droplets that localize by controlled dissolution/condensation"
2028:
Journal de l'anatomie et de la physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'homme et des animaux
3556:
3390:
3176:
3069:
2696:
1615:
1501:
1477:
765:
651:
241:
2045:
1995:
442:
3423:
2935:
2817:
2762:
2711:
2480:
2319:
2106:
2010:
1818:
1772:
1767:
1425:
497:
2552:
8:
3551:
3049:
2406:
1441:
1429:
1359:
272:; and there is also evidence of other membrane-bounded structures. Also, the prokaryotic
233:
2821:
2766:
2715:
2484:
2323:
2110:
2026:
1822:
1681:
Adhesion to other cells for conjugation or to a solid substrate to create motile forces.
2898:
2841:
2786:
2735:
2697:"Magnetosomes are cell membrane invaginations organized by the actin-like protein MamK"
2637:
2610:
2388:
2345:
2254:
2229:
2205:
2180:
2132:
1909:
1884:
1852:
1684:
a hair-like appendage sticking out (though partially embedded into) the plasma membrane
225:
3005:
276:
which protrudes outside the cell, and its motor, as well as the largely extracellular
3501:
3373:
3211:
3094:
2939:
2902:
2890:
2833:
2778:
2727:
2677:
2673:
2642:
2591:
2556:
2519:
2496:
2451:
2422:
2380:
2376:
2337:
2286:
2259:
2210:
2159:
2124:
1914:
1844:
1333:
1010:
622:(DNA), having originated from formerly autonomous microscopic organisms acquired via
518:
480:(DNA), having originated from formerly autonomous microscopic organisms acquired via
2845:
2739:
2392:
2349:
2136:
1856:
423:
3509:
2931:
2880:
2872:
2825:
2790:
2770:
2719:
2669:
2632:
2622:
2583:
2548:
2488:
2372:
2327:
2249:
2241:
2200:
2192:
2114:
1904:
1896:
1836:
1386:
681:. They were among the first biological discoveries made after the invention of the
678:
612:
473:
237:
48:
2922:
Fuerst JA (October 13, 2005). "Intracellular compartmentation in planctomycetes".
1972:
3505:
3074:
2627:
2279:
2196:
2050:"Das Sterben der einzelligen und der vielzelligen Tiere. Vergleichend betrachtet"
1757:
1586:
1574:
1509:
1489:
1463:
802:
524:
407:
344:
245:
178:
113:
3233:
2973:
1900:
3513:
3037:
2587:
2574:
Anderson P, Kedersha N (March 2008). "Stress granules: the Tao of RNA triage".
2443:
1734:
1607:
1485:
1294:
1059:
1028:
741:
596:
198:
170:
84:
2876:
2119:
2094:
978:
movement in or of external medium; "critical developmental signaling pathway".
826:
energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of
3545:
3525:
3320:
3280:
3255:
3171:
3084:
3059:
2152:
1743:
1513:
1471:
have been discovered in five
Planctomycetota "anammox" genera, which perform
1433:
1084:
934:
821:
757:
666:
637:
623:
556:
501:
481:
394:
360:
249:
2860:
2723:
2492:
2332:
2307:
2049:
1840:
1481:, a nucleus-like structure surrounded by lipid membranes has been reported.
3300:
3272:
3250:
3243:
3223:
3163:
3079:
3064:
2943:
2894:
2837:
2782:
2731:
2646:
2595:
2560:
2384:
2341:
2263:
2214:
2128:
2077:
Nuclear import of histone fold motif containing heterodimers by importin 13
1918:
1848:
1551:
1497:
1468:
1414:
1317:
1210:
1203:
956:
939:
vesicle that sequesters cytoplasmic material and organelles for degradation
847:
751:
670:
581:
560:
496:
bounded organelles. The non-membrane bounded organelles, also called large
350:
323:
291:
162:
2829:
2681:
2500:
3529:
3489:
3402:
3368:
3295:
3290:
3181:
1638:
1581:
1456:
1452:
1391:
1369:
1024:
981:
962:
878:
731:
694:
514:
300:
2774:
1402:
3493:
3397:
3337:
3330:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3260:
3206:
3196:
3146:
3141:
3131:
2245:
1762:
1602:
1569:
1505:
1421:
1364:
1258:
1226:
1193:
1116:
1068:
1045:
1016:
839:
682:
566:
528:
434:
389:
257:
221:
214:
210:
194:
182:
2885:
3485:
3477:
3418:
3380:
3353:
3325:
3218:
3201:
3136:
3109:
1728:
1622:
1561:
1517:
1171:
1152:
1039:
1032:
992:
950:
784:
662:
630:
601:
591:
586:
571:
378:
318:
273:
229:
206:
3434:
2409:(2004). "Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: A Historical Perspective".
150:
3497:
3363:
3119:
3104:
3099:
2442:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002).
1708:
1656:
1437:
1274:
1242:
1187:
1132:
1100:
1054:
1003:
918:
674:
552:
510:
412:
384:
328:
1380:
441:(i.e., little organ) for cellular structures was German zoologist
3385:
3285:
3238:
3114:
2995:
1692:
1472:
1354:
1157:
872:
735:
690:
643:
416:
370:
365:
261:
253:
177:
comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as
2470:
2305:
3228:
2984:
2230:"Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry"
2079:. NiedersÀchsische Staats-und UniversitÀtsbibliothek Göttingen.
1105:
breakdown of large molecules (e.g., proteins + polysaccharides)
973:
865:
540:
2752:
2025:
Robin C, Pouchet G, Duval MM, Retterrer E, Tourneux F (1891).
310:
3481:
1883:
Murat, Dorothee; Byrne, Meghan; Komeili, Arash (2010-10-01).
1676:
548:
544:
454:
277:
202:
197:. Organelles are either separately enclosed within their own
96:
51:
2538:
1305:
807:
sorting, packaging, processing and modification of proteins
66:
57:
2024:
1263:
degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis
852:
DNA maintenance, controls all activities of the cell, RNA
3358:
2858:
2513:
2178:
2088:
2086:
1808:
619:
477:
54:
2861:"Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria"
3035:
2806:
2441:
2362:
756:
has own DNA; theorized to be engulfed by the ancestral
2865:
Critical
Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2695:
Komeili A, Li Z, Newman DK, Jensen GJ (January 2006).
2083:
260:
do not possess eukaryotic organelles, some do contain
228:. There are many types of organelles, particularly in
2694:
2149:
1996:"Embryology: The Structure of the Human Spermatozoon"
1961:. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 218.
63:
1925:
1147:
a few unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria
69:
2608:
2227:
959:, organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers
697:are distributed among some but not all eukaryotes.
411:are defined as confined functional units within an
60:
2444:"The Genetic Systems of Mitochondria and Plastids"
2278:
2228:Banani SF, Lee HO, Hyman AA, Rosen MK (May 2017).
2151:
1612:light harvesting complex attached to cell membrane
1882:
1484:Compartmentalization is a feature of prokaryotic
1394:. (B) Image of intact carboxysomes isolated from
3543:
2573:
2518:(Sixth ed.). Garland Science. p. 679.
2092:
2802:
2800:
1269:all eukaryotes, all archaea, and some bacteria
897:Minor eukaryotic organelles and cell components
3450:
3021:
2040:
2038:
468:While most cell biologists consider the term
2797:
2541:Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1192:detects light and possibly shapes, allowing
2662:Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Microbiology
2150:Campbell NA, Reece JB, Mitchell LG (2002).
1953:
646:(e.g. in plants, algae, and some protists).
269:
232:. They include structures that make up the
169:is a specialized subunit, usually within a
3457:
3443:
3028:
3014:
2532:
2035:
1889:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
1530:Prokaryotic organelles and cell components
283:
2884:
2636:
2626:
2331:
2253:
2204:
2118:
1908:
1863:
1830:
1375:
173:, that has a specific function. The name
2095:"Organelle evolution: what's in a name?"
1971:
1931:
1885:"Cell Biology of Prokaryotic Organelles"
1401:
1379:
1231:breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide
877:storage, transportation, helps maintain
657:
268:, which are thought to act as primitive
2405:
2276:
2093:Keeling PJ, Archibald JM (April 2008).
14:
3544:
2936:10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121258
2921:
2365:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
2074:
2044:
1804:
1802:
1496:, which are reaction centers found in
3464:
3438:
3009:
2659:
2553:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610
2411:The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles
2234:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
1993:
669:. The larger organelles, such as the
315:Components of a typical animal cell:
280:, are often spoken of as organelles.
1959:: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith
2158:(6th ed.). Benjamin Cummings.
1799:
24:
25:
3568:
2953:
1739:photosystem proteins and pigments
1646:inorganic crystal, lipid membrane
1475:. In the Planctomycetota species
929:most animals (including sponges)
565:large DNA and protein complexes:
509:large RNA and protein complexes:
27:Specialized subunit within a cell
2996:Tree of Life project: Eukaryotes
2983:
2377:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00245.x
1512:found bonded to cell membranes.
1089:energy & hydrogen production
923:helps spermatozoa fuse with ovum
309:
248:), and other structures such as
145:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
47:
2915:
2852:
2746:
2688:
2653:
2602:
2567:
2507:
2464:
2435:
2415:Springer Science+Business Media
2399:
2356:
2299:
2270:
2221:
2172:
2143:
1994:Ryder JA, ed. (February 1889).
1934:"Mastering the Parts of a Cell"
1526:
1459:in bacteria, reported in 2006.
893:
703:
433:Credited as the first to use a
2576:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
2068:
2018:
1987:
1965:
1947:
1522:light-dependent photosynthesis
987:animals, protists, few plants
677:, are easily visible with the
551:; membrane protein complexes:
224:, and can also be purified by
13:
1:
3192:Microtubule organizing center
2924:Annual Review of Microbiology
2516:Molecular biology of the cell
2448:Molecular Biology of the Cell
2419:National Institutes of Health
1932:Peterson L (April 17, 2010).
1793:
1417:and intracytoplasmic membrane
1387:Halothiobacillus neapolitanus
1095:a few unicellular eukaryotes
1073:conversion of fat into sugars
576:microtubule-organizing center
533:DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
220:Organelles are identified by
2674:10.1016/0769-2609(88)90095-6
2628:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050144
2197:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.013
1778:Membrane vesicle trafficking
1557:anaerobic ammonium oxidation
1473:anaerobic ammonium oxidation
838:constituting element of the
744:, traps energy from sunlight
537:RNA polymerase II holoenzyme
356:Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7:
1901:10.1101/cshperspect.a000422
1788:Vesiculo-vacuolar organelle
1751:
1627:movement in external medium
1508:, which are photosynthetic
1384:(A) Electron micrograph of
1341:single-membrane compartment
1250:single-membrane compartment
1234:single-membrane compartment
1199:double-membrane compartment
1144:double-membrane compartment
1124:single-membrane compartment
1108:single-membrane compartment
1092:double-membrane compartment
1076:single-membrane compartment
1050:single-membrane compartment
942:double-membrane compartment
926:single-membrane compartment
883:single-membrane compartment
858:double-membrane compartment
832:double-membrane compartment
810:single-membrane compartment
773:single-membrane compartment
747:double-membrane compartment
707:Major eukaryotic organelles
340:Rough endoplasmic reticulum
266:bacterial microcompartments
10:
3573:
2588:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.12.003
1593:bacterial microcompartment
1350:Other related structures:
1266:very large protein complex
640:(in almost all eukaryotes)
607:neuronal transport granule
500:, are large assemblies of
445:(1884), who used the term
3472:
3411:
3346:
3271:
3162:
3048:
2974:Resources in your library
2877:10.1080/10409230902722783
2281:Introduction to Histology
2120:10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.065
2054:Biologisches Centralblatt
1783:Hostâpathogen interaction
1137:probably plays a role in
308:
299:
290:
143:
131:
119:
107:
95:
90:
80:
42:
37:
32:
3187:Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
2810:Archives of Microbiology
2075:Walker, Patrick (2009).
2060:(13, 14): 389â392, 448.
1537:Organelle/macromolecule
1398:. Scale bars are 100 nm.
1390:cells, arrows highlight
1015:detects light, allowing
904:Organelle/Macromolecule
463:
377:; with which, comprises
2724:10.1126/science.1123231
2493:10.1126/science.6322306
2333:10.1126/science.1172046
1954:Di Gregorio MA (2005).
1841:10.1126/science.1113397
1322:mRNA encoding proteins
1176:pre-ribosome production
752:kleptoplastic organisms
284:History and terminology
1650:magnetotactic bacteria
1500:of the cell membrane.
1418:
1399:
1376:Prokaryotic organelles
1202:members of the family
1027:and other unicellular
828:adenosine triphosphate
498:biomolecular complexes
472:to be synonymous with
270:prokaryotic organelles
3177:Intermediate filament
3070:Endoplasmic reticulum
2830:10.1007/s002030100280
2011:unicellular organisms
1957:From Here to Eternity
1723:bacteria and archaea
1616:green sulfur bacteria
1502:Green sulfur bacteria
1478:Gemmata obscuriglobus
1462:The bacterial phylum
1426:cellular compartments
1411:Brocadia anammoxidans
1405:
1383:
766:endoplasmic reticulum
760:cell (endosymbiosis)
658:Eukaryotic organelles
652:evolution of flagella
620:deoxyribonucleic acid
478:deoxyribonucleic acid
373:(fluid that contains
242:endoplasmic reticulum
3522:Biomolecular complex
3424:Extracellular matrix
2992:at Wikimedia Commons
1773:Organelle biogenesis
1768:Endosymbiotic theory
1717:of RNA into proteins
1643:magnetic orientation
1283:of RNA into proteins
1000:coiled hollow tubule
750:plants, algae, rare
453:, the diminutive of
3127:Cytoplasmic granule
3001:Organelle Databases
2822:2001ArMic.175..413L
2775:10.1038/nature04382
2767:2006Natur.440..110S
2716:2006Sci...311..242K
2485:1984Sci...224...70F
2324:2009Sci...324.1729B
2277:Cormack DH (1984).
2111:2008CBio...18.R345K
2000:American Naturalist
1823:2005Sci...309..936K
1533:
1442:electron microscopy
1360:endomembrane system
1139:Ironâsulfur cluster
900:
789:locomotion, sensory
710:
331:(dots as part of 5)
302:Animal cell diagram
234:endomembrane system
3152:WeibelâPalade body
3036:Structures of the
2246:10.1038/nrm.2017.7
2048:(September 1884).
1687:prokaryotic cells
1573:" bacteria within
1527:
1419:
1400:
1338:material transport
1031:organisms such as
894:
704:
539:, symmetric viral
443:Karl August Möbius
226:cell fractionation
126:H1.00.01.0.00009
3539:
3538:
3466:Hierarchy of life
3432:
3431:
3212:Spindle pole body
2988:Media related to
2960:Library resources
2457:978-0-8153-3218-3
2428:978-0-306-47990-8
2318:(5935): 1729â32.
2292:978-0-397-52114-2
2165:978-0-8053-6624-2
1749:
1748:
1661:DNA maintenance,
1633:some prokaryotes
1510:antenna complexes
1449:microcompartments
1348:
1347:
1218:not characterized
1215:not characterized
1163:bundled filaments
1011:eyespot apparatus
892:
891:
864:contains bulk of
525:protein complexes
403:
402:
159:
158:
154:
16:(Redirected from
3564:
3532:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2987:
2948:
2947:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2888:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2701:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2450:(4th ed.).
2439:
2433:
2432:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2335:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2122:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1979:. p. 1412.
1969:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1880:
1861:
1860:
1834:
1806:
1630:protein filament
1534:
1494:"chromatophores"
1312:most eukaryotes
1247:secretory portal
1182:most eukaryotes
901:
795:some eukaryotes
711:
679:light microscope
613:phase separation
490:membrane-bounded
474:cell compartment
347:(or, Golgi body)
313:
303:
294:
288:
287:
238:nuclear envelope
230:eukaryotic cells
151:edit on Wikidata
148:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
30:
29:
21:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3433:
3428:
3407:
3342:
3267:
3158:
3075:Golgi apparatus
3051:
3044:
3034:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2857:
2853:
2805:
2798:
2761:(7080): 110â4.
2751:
2747:
2710:(5758): 242â5.
2699:
2693:
2689:
2658:
2654:
2607:
2603:
2572:
2568:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2512:
2508:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2404:
2400:
2361:
2357:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2275:
2271:
2226:
2222:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2148:
2144:
2099:Current Biology
2091:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2043:
2036:
2023:
2019:
1992:
1988:
1970:
1966:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1936:. Lesson Planet
1930:
1926:
1895:(10): a000422.
1881:
1864:
1832:10.1.1.1026.896
1817:(5736): 936â8.
1807:
1800:
1796:
1758:CoRR hypothesis
1754:
1587:carbon fixation
1575:Planctomycetota
1490:Purple bacteria
1464:Planctomycetota
1396:H. neapolitanus
1378:
1344:all eukaryotes
1328:most organisms
1289:all eukaryotes
1253:all eukaryotes
1237:all eukaryotes
1179:proteinâDNAâRNA
1141:(FeâS) assembly
1121:pigment storage
945:all eukaryotes
835:most eukaryotes
803:Golgi apparatus
660:
466:
399:
345:Golgi apparatus
301:
292:
286:
246:Golgi apparatus
155:
50:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3347:Other internal
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:External links
2952:
2950:
2949:
2914:
2871:(2â3): 65â84.
2851:
2796:
2745:
2687:
2652:
2601:
2566:
2531:
2525:978-0815345244
2524:
2506:
2479:(4644): 70â2.
2463:
2456:
2434:
2427:
2398:
2355:
2298:
2291:
2285:. Lippincott.
2269:
2240:(5): 285â298.
2220:
2191:(5): 936â947.
2185:Molecular Cell
2171:
2164:
2142:
2082:
2067:
2034:
2017:
1986:
1964:
1946:
1924:
1862:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:photosynthesis
1732:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1703:some bacteria
1701:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1608:photosynthesis
1605:
1599:
1598:
1597:some bacteria
1595:
1591:protein-shell
1589:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:lipid membrane
1559:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:Main function
1538:
1520:membranes for
1516:have internal
1486:photosynthetic
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1300:
1297:
1295:stress granule
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1029:photosynthetic
1022:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1001:
998:
995:
989:
988:
985:
979:
976:
970:
969:
966:
960:
953:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
931:
930:
927:
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
908:
907:Main function
905:
890:
889:
887:
886:all eukaryotes
884:
881:
875:
869:
868:
862:
861:all eukaryotes
859:
856:
850:
844:
843:
836:
833:
830:
824:
818:
817:
814:
813:all eukaryotes
811:
808:
805:
799:
798:
796:
793:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
776:all eukaryotes
774:
771:
768:
762:
761:
754:
748:
745:
742:photosynthesis
739:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:Main function
715:
659:
656:
648:
647:
641:
609:
608:
605:
599:
597:stress granule
594:
589:
584:
579:
569:
563:
521:
502:macromolecules
465:
462:
424:FĂ©lix Dujardin
422:In the 1830s,
401:
400:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
342:
337:
332:
326:
321:
314:
306:
305:
297:
296:
285:
282:
199:lipid bilayers
157:
156:
147:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3569:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3526:Macromolecule
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Proteinoplast
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Mitochondrion
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3273:Endosymbionts
3270:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Lamellipodium
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Microfilament
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Autophagosome
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Cell membrane
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3050:Endomembrane
3047:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:(6): 413â29.
2815:
2811:
2803:
2801:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:(3): 141â50.
2581:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:(2): 146â53.
2370:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:(8): R345-7.
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1744:cyanobacteria
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:transcription
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Cyanobacteria
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:invaginations
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:anammoxosomes
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:folds termed
1435:
1434:cell membrane
1431:
1428:and internal
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:, showing an
1412:
1410:
1406:Structure of
1404:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:membraneless
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:membraneless
1301:
1299:mRNA storage
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:to take place
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
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1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:hydrogenosome
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
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1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:to take place
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
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977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
964:
961:
958:
954:
952:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
936:
935:autophagosome
933:
932:
928:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
888:
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876:
874:
871:
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867:
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860:
857:
855:
854:transcription
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
837:
834:
831:
829:
825:
823:
822:mitochondrion
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:archaeplastid
755:
753:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
702:
698:
696:
692:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:cell membrane
664:
655:
653:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
634:
632:
627:
625:
624:endosymbiosis
621:
616:
614:
606:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
573:
570:
568:
564:
562:
558:
557:photosystem I
554:
550:
546:
543:, complex of
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
483:
482:endosymbiosis
479:
475:
471:
461:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
409:
396:
395:Cell membrane
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
380:
376:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Mitochondrion
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
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295:
289:
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279:
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263:
259:
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251:
247:
243:
239:
236:(such as the
235:
231:
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218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
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127:
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118:
115:
112:
110:
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
89:
86:
83:
79:
74:
45:
43:Pronunciation
41:
36:
31:
19:
3557:Cell anatomy
3528: >
3524: >
3520: >
3517:
3516: >
3512: >
3508: >
3504: >
3502:Organ system
3500: >
3496: >
3492: >
3488: >
3484: >
3480: >
3301:Gerontoplast
3251:Pseudopodium
3244:Radial spoke
3224:Undulipodium
3164:Cytoskeleton
3080:Parenthesome
3041:
2964:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2906:. Retrieved
2868:
2864:
2854:
2813:
2809:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2668:(1): 33â44.
2665:
2661:
2655:
2618:
2615:PLOS Biology
2614:
2604:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2447:
2437:
2410:
2401:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2280:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2153:
2145:
2102:
2098:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2027:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1927:
1892:
1888:
1814:
1810:
1700:circular DNA
1697:DNA exchange
1671:prokaryotes
1568:
1552:anammoxosome
1529:
1528:
1488:structures.
1483:
1476:
1461:
1457:magnetosomes
1453:carboxysomes
1446:
1420:
1415:anammoxosome
1408:
1395:
1392:carboxysomes
1385:
1349:
1318:TIGER domain
1303:
1211:parenthesome
1204:Warnowiaceae
1060:Trypanosomes
1058:
1044:carries out
957:cytoskeleton
896:
895:
706:
705:
699:
695:chloroplasts
687:
661:
649:
638:mitochondria
628:
617:
610:
582:cytoskeleton
561:ATP synthase
494:non-membrane
493:
489:
486:
469:
467:
457:
450:
446:
438:
432:
421:
406:
405:In biology,
404:
374:
351:Cytoskeleton
293:Cell biology
250:mitochondria
219:
190:
186:
174:
166:
163:cell biology
160:
101:
3530:Biomolecule
3490:Biocoenosis
3403:Magnetosome
3369:Spliceosome
3296:Chromoplast
3291:Chloroplast
3182:Microtubule
2930:: 299â328.
2621:(6): e144.
2031:. F. Alcan.
1982:vorschlug).
1720:RNA-protein
1715:translation
1668:DNA-protein
1639:magnetosome
1582:carboxysome
1506:chlorosomes
1422:Prokaryotes
1370:microtubule
1308:complexes)
1286:RNA-protein
1281:translation
1160:contraction
1025:green algae
982:Microtubule
963:Microtubule
955:anchor for
879:homeostasis
732:chloroplast
515:spliceosome
449:(plural of
258:prokaryotes
189:the suffix
181:are to the
91:Identifiers
3552:Organelles
3546:Categories
3494:Population
3398:Proteasome
3391:Inclusions
3338:Nitroplast
3331:Apicoplast
3316:Elaioplast
3311:Amyloplast
3306:Leucoplast
3261:Filopodium
3207:Basal body
3197:Centrosome
3147:Peroxisome
3142:Glyoxysome
3132:Melanosome
3042:organelles
2990:Organelles
2908:2020-08-03
2886:2066/75127
2547:: 125â48.
1973:BĂŒtschli O
1940:2010-04-19
1794:References
1763:Ejectosome
1603:chlorosome
1570:Candidatus
1546:Organisms
1543:Structure
1451:, such as
1409:Candidatus
1365:nucleosome
1259:proteasome
1227:peroxisome
1194:phototaxis
1117:melanosome
1069:glyoxysome
1057:, such as
1046:glycolysis
1017:phototaxis
1004:cnidarians
913:Organisms
910:Structure
840:chondriome
723:Organisms
720:Structure
714:Organelle
693:including
683:microscope
663:Eukaryotic
567:nucleosome
529:proteasome
435:diminutive
390:Centrosome
375:organelles
222:microscopy
215:trichocyst
213:, and the
211:archaellum
195:diminutive
187:organelle,
18:Organellar
3518:Organelle
3486:Ecosystem
3478:Biosphere
3419:Cell wall
3381:Cytoplasm
3354:Nucleolus
3326:Tannosome
3234:Flagellum
3219:Myofibril
3202:Centriole
3137:Microbody
3110:Phagosome
2965:Organelle
2903:205694872
2407:Mullins C
1827:CiteSeerX
1731:membranes
1729:thylakoid
1623:flagellum
1562:ladderane
1518:thylakoid
1438:mesosomes
1430:membranes
1172:nucleolus
1153:myofibril
1040:glycosome
1033:euglenids
993:cnidocyst
951:centriole
785:flagellum
602:germ cell
592:nucleolus
587:flagellum
572:centriole
470:organelle
451:organulum
428:Ehrenberg
379:cytoplasm
319:Nucleolus
274:flagellum
264:-shelled
207:flagellum
175:organelle
167:organelle
102:organella
33:Organelle
3498:Organism
3412:External
3364:Ribosome
3120:Acrosome
3105:Endosome
3100:Lysosome
2944:15910279
2895:19247843
2846:21970703
2838:11491082
2783:16299495
2740:36909813
2732:16373532
2647:17518518
2596:18291657
2561:16722803
2393:20393495
2385:17403155
2350:42229928
2342:19460965
2264:28225081
2215:25747659
2137:11520942
2129:18430636
2046:Möbius K
1975:(1888).
1919:20739411
1857:24561197
1849:16081736
1752:See also
1709:ribosome
1657:nucleoid
1275:ribosome
1243:porosome
1188:ocelloid
1166:animals
1133:mitosome
1127:animals
1111:animals
1101:lysosome
1055:protozoa
997:stinging
968:animals
919:acrosome
792:protein
691:plastids
675:vacuoles
644:plastids
631:bacteria
553:porosome
511:ribosome
447:organula
426:refuted
413:organism
385:Lysosome
329:Ribosome
256:. While
254:plastids
193:being a
185:, hence
3386:Cytosol
3286:Plastid
3239:Axoneme
3115:Vacuole
3095:Exosome
3090:Vesicle
3065:Nucleus
2818:Bibcode
2791:4372846
2763:Bibcode
2712:Bibcode
2704:Science
2682:3289587
2638:1872035
2501:6322306
2481:Bibcode
2473:Science
2320:Bibcode
2312:Science
2255:7434221
2206:4352761
2154:Biology
2107:Bibcode
2006:: 184.
1910:2944366
1819:Bibcode
1811:Science
1742:mostly
1693:plasmid
1355:cytosol
1334:vesicle
1158:myocyte
1079:plants
984:protein
965:protein
873:vacuole
848:nucleus
736:plastid
671:nucleus
604:granule
541:capsids
458:organum
417:analogy
371:Cytosol
366:Vacuole
335:Vesicle
324:Nucleus
262:protein
114:D015388
81:Part of
38:Details
3510:Tissue
3229:Cilium
3052:system
2962:about
2942:
2901:
2893:
2844:
2836:
2789:
2781:
2755:Nature
2738:
2730:
2680:
2645:
2635:
2594:
2559:
2522:
2499:
2454:
2425:
2391:
2383:
2348:
2340:
2289:
2262:
2252:
2213:
2203:
2162:
2135:
2127:
1917:
1907:
1855:
1847:
1829:
1665:to RNA
1221:fungi
974:cilium
866:genome
726:Notes
578:(MTOC)
523:large
415:. The
408:organs
244:, and
205:, the
179:organs
3506:Organ
3482:Biome
3374:Vault
2899:S2CID
2842:S2CID
2787:S2CID
2736:S2CID
2700:(PDF)
2389:S2CID
2346:S2CID
2133:S2CID
1853:S2CID
1711:(70S)
1677:pilus
1504:have
1492:have
1277:(80S)
1053:Some
549:GroES
545:GroEL
519:vault
464:Types
455:Latin
439:organ
278:pilus
203:cilia
191:-elle
165:, an
149:[
138:63832
97:Latin
3514:Cell
3038:cell
2940:PMID
2891:PMID
2834:PMID
2779:PMID
2728:PMID
2678:PMID
2643:PMID
2592:PMID
2557:PMID
2520:ISBN
2497:PMID
2452:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2381:PMID
2338:PMID
2287:ISBN
2260:PMID
2211:PMID
2160:ISBN
2125:PMID
1915:PMID
1845:PMID
1306:mRNP
673:and
574:and
547:and
492:and
252:and
209:and
183:body
171:cell
109:MeSH
85:Cell
3359:RNA
2932:doi
2881:hdl
2873:doi
2826:doi
2814:175
2771:doi
2759:440
2720:doi
2708:311
2670:doi
2666:139
2633:PMC
2623:doi
2584:doi
2549:doi
2489:doi
2477:224
2373:doi
2328:doi
2316:324
2250:PMC
2242:doi
2201:PMC
2193:doi
2115:doi
1905:PMC
1897:doi
1837:doi
1815:309
654:).
633:):
437:of
161:In
133:FMA
52:ÉËr
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3040:/
2938:.
2928:59
2926:.
2897:.
2889:.
2879:.
2869:44
2867:.
2863:.
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2832:.
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2812:.
2799:^
2785:.
2777:.
2769:.
2757:.
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2726:.
2718:.
2706:.
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2676:.
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2037:^
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2002:.
1998:.
1913:.
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1865:^
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3029:e
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