Orange S.A. - Knowledge

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Partner can opt out, with either party being able to opt out in the second year. Regardless of which party opts to exercise the out clause, Orange will pay Partner an additional €50 million to end the arrangement. Orange stated that the money paid to Partner was purely for re-branding purposes and affirmed their previous statement that their wish to leave Israel is based on desire to discontinue license agreements and maintain only subsidiaries that they control, rather than a boycott. Orange would make the relevant payments over the course of two years and charge it to their books as a mix of marketing, sales, customer services and related expenses. As part of the agreement Orange's research and development activities within Israel would transition to the Orange name, but would be restricted from entering the telecommunications services market.

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solidarity from ADMICAL. The board of directors of Orange Foundation consists of representatives of Orange, independent personalities and employee representatives. Its purpose is to support projects related to health, particularly autism; education, particularly schooling for girls in developing countries; and culture, particularly group vocal music. Projects supported by Orange Foundation are chosen by committees of experts devoted to each major theme. The Foundation has been involved in 300 to 400 projects per year since 1987. The Foundation works with international NGOs and local associations involved in long-term projects in countries in which Orange is based for better follow-up of these projects.

1016:. On 11 December 2009, Egypt's regulator approved an offer from a unit of France Telecom (Orange) to buy Mobinil. In 2010, Orange's CEO, Didier Lombard, was replaced by Stéphane Richard. The company was also reorganised internally, most notably with the arrival of former Culture Minister Christine Albanel as head of communications for the group. In mid-April 2010, Orange UK announced that it would outsource the management of its broadband network to BT. This announcement was greeted positively by broadband commentators, who felt that the move was likely to improve Orange's broadband quality and customer services. 1330: 2467: 1305: 2031: 2163: 1120: 2308:). The Livebox has evolved over time. The Livebox 1.0 was replaced by version 1.1, the Mini Livebox, followed by the Livebox 2.0. The newest version was scheduled to be rolled out in 2012. The Livebox is offered on a monthly contract for €3 per month or for purchase for €59. The Number of Liveboxes rented in 2008,this statistic reflects Orange's significant market penetration and growth in the broadband internet sector. With 7.3 million Liveboxes rented out, Orange experienced a notable 12.3% increase in just one year. 1434: 1203: 2535: 2196: 1128: 1965: 2000: 1409: 910: 1767: 1717: 1255: 9749: 1536: 1511: 2130: 1230: 1897: 1792: 1280: 3290: 2062: 1846: 1586: 1486: 1742: 1690: 1611: 9759: 2097: 1459: 1384: 1357: 8462: 4055: 46: 9738: 1561: 1638: 1665: 1177: 114: 1930: 1819: 399: 382: 365: 348: 325: 9769: 4069: 697:. It became autonomous in 1990. This was in response to a European directive, aimed at making competition mandatory in public services from 1 January 1998. The 2 July 1990 Bill changed France Télécom into an operator of public law, with Marcel Roulet as the first Chairman. Since then, the company has had a separate body corporate from the State and acquired financial autonomy. It was privatised by 3952: 2669:

in 2010. Orange employs 3,700 people in research and development per year throughout the organisation, including more than 200 doctoral candidates and post-doctorates. Orange's research and development is based on partnerships with industry, suppliers and operators, universities and schools, academic institutes and research programs such as the following:

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in response that "The Orange Group is a telecoms operator and as such its primary concern is to defend and promote the value of its brand in markets in which it is present," the statement began. "The Group does not engage in any kind of political debate under any circumstance." Later, Richard visited Israel to clarify his remarks. He met Israeli PM

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of short-term liabilities. The company obtained €15 billion of debt adjustment that needed to be borne by banks and investors, another €15 billion as a capital increase from the French State since it was still the majority shareholder, and an additional 15bn in cash from internal savings. On 25 February 2005, Thierry Breton was appointed

3509:, when the phone detects the higher speed. The Orange UK mobile broadband USB adapter works with the new network. The 3G networks for all telecommunication suppliers still struggle to get the throughput that was originally advertised when these networks were announced. The UK Telecoms Regulator has reported on the challenges for all suppliers. 2571:. In December 2014, Orange were in talks with BT Group regarding the acquisition of EE for an estimated £12.5 billion. On 5 February 2015, it was announced that BT would be acquiring EE in a £12.5 billion deal, in which Orange S.A would take a 4% stake in the BT Group. The acquisition of EE was completed on 29 January 2016. 1027:, left the company. His departure was shadowed by controversy over his stock options: he was suspected of having stayed with the company longer to wait for the France Telecom share to recover and then exercise his stock option. The share was trading at around €16, whereas his stock options were at €23. On 3 February 2012, 1044:'s Orascom Telecom Media and Technology (OTMT) in an effort to double its revenue in MENA by 2015. On 28 May 2013 at the Annual Shareholders' Meeting, shareholders approved changing the name of the group to Orange S.A. This became effective on 1 July 2013. In September 2014, Orange agreed a deal to acquire 3581:

said, "I call on Jews of France and the world to disconnect from Orange unless Stéphane Richard takes back his words. The time has come for them to understand that Jews in the world and sane voices that oppose anti-Semitism and racism also have power." The statement on the company's website announced

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firm Technologia at the request of France Télécom's management. Of the 102,843 employees in the group's parent company, 80,080 responded, i.e. a response rate of 77.9%. The fact-finding report revealed a "very poor general feeling", "strained physical and mental health", and a "tense and even violent

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In 2010, Orange devoted 1.9% of its revenue, or €845 million, to research and development. Since January 2007 Orange has unified its research laboratories and technocentres in the Orange Labs network. As of 31 December 2010 Orange held a portfolio of 7,892 patents, 327 which were filed

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Orange is the sole brand used in the marketing of the company's mobile offers; the Itineris, Ola and Mobicarte brands have been combined since 2001, and Mobicarte became a special prepaid calling offer. As of 31 December 2010, Orange has 150 million mobile customers worldwide, 17.9% of whom

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announced they were in advanced talks to merge their UK operations to create the largest mobile operator with 37% of the market. Both T-Mobile and Orange brands were kept due to differences in their targeted markets. T-Mobile remained the budget-conscious offering and Orange the premium one, although

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was given the task of turning the company around after the company became crippled by debt following the drop of the company's stock price. On 30 September 2002, the company's stock price was €6.94, down from €219 on 2 March 2000. France Télécom was the second most indebted company worldwide in terms

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On 30 June 2015, Orange and Partner announced a change to their 10-year licensing agreement. Orange paid Partner €40 million to add an opt out clause to the contract, with which Partner conducted a market survey which is determine the best course of action moving forward. In the first year only

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The French chairman and CEO of the Orange telecommunications company, Stéphane Richard said in Cairo regarding his company operations in Israel, "Believe me, I would cancel the contract tomorrow if I could. We want to end this and to fix this; we don't want it." Later, Orange announced its desire to

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In November 2009, three users lodged a complaint against Orange for false advertising concerning its "Unlimited 3G Key" service. These customers criticised the operator for the misleading way in which this service is presented, since it isn't in fact unlimited. While it is true that there is no time

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The Orange group is governed by a board of directors composed of a minimum of twelve members and a maximum of twenty-two members, divided as follows: three are appointed by the French State, three are elected by the employees, one is elected by the shareholders and represents employee shareholders,

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In 1987 France Télécom established the France Télécom Foundation. On 16 January 2007, the foundation changed its name to Orange Foundation. In 1990 France Telecom Foundation received the top award for corporate philanthropy from ADMICAL. In 1995 France Telecom Foundation received the top award for

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Between January 2008 and April 2011, more than 60 France Télécom employees died by suicide, some leaving notes blaming stress and misery at work. In October 2009, the wave of suicides led former Deputy CEO Louis-Pierre Wenes to resign under trade union pressure, to be replaced by Stéphane Richard.

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In the 1970s, France attempted to make up for its delay in developing communications infrastructure, compared to other countries, by launching the programme "Delta LP" (increasing the main lines). It was at that time that the majority of the local loop was built (that is all the cables linking the

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were sent and billed multiple times. The operator agreed to reimburse the excess costs to consumers, explaining that the error came from a "third party operator" (which turned out to be Bouygues Telecom), said not to have sent acknowledgements, which caused the messages to be resent. A computer

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Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee: Created in 2010, it comprises at least three members appointed by the board of directors on the recommendation of its chairman. Its remit is to examine the main risks and opportunities in relation with the environment, Orange's policies

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The NeXT scheme was the recovery plan for France Télécom which aimed at, among other things, reducing costs, especially wage costs, carrying on a converging policy for its products and services, and grouping together all the brands under a single brand, except for the activities dealing with

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and Mobilcom), of which some have since been sold back. Through this process, France Télécom became the fourth-biggest global operator. The mobile telephone operations of Orange plc were merged with the majority of the mobile operations of France Télécom, forming the new group Orange S.A.

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Strategy Committee: Created in 2003, the Strategy Committee comprises at least three members appointed by the board of directors on the recommendation of its chairman. The latter chairs the committee. It examines the group's international development strategic and the strategic mid-term

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The executive committee reports to the chairman and CEO. Its purpose is to coordinate the implementation of Orange's strategic orientations and to oversee the achievement of operational, social, technical and financial resource allocation objectives. It comprises fifteen members.

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Two types of infrastructure coexist in Orange's research and development: the research laboratories and the technocentres. The latter are responsible for Orange innovations and consist of multidisciplinary teams of researchers, engineers, and marketing and sales personnel.

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working environment" for some categories of personnel. Working conditions were deemed difficult, mainly for personnel in charge of sales and customer interventions. Given heavy media coverage, these findings were the source of major contention about working conditions.

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said in response "Just yesterday Israel faced attacks from anti-Israel and anti-Semitic bodies, who have chosen to delegitimise the state of Israel, and to launch rockets at us from the Gaza Strip. We must face these challenges together, right and left," Rivlin said.

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problem at the Bouygues platform was blamed. During the night of 31 December 2010 to 1 January 2011, more than 930 million text messages were exchanged in France (for the three operators combined), setting a new record compared with the peaks of the previous years.

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and establish a new telecommunications entity. As part of this agreement, the Romanian government would own a 20% stake in the new entity, and Orange would take over fixed operations. The MCSI had first entered talks to sell Telekom Romania in September 2019, when

2440:. In 2007 Goa ceases to be a subsidiary and is merged into Orange. In 2009 Orange refocuses Goa.com on online entertainment and gradually ceases to operate massively multiplayer online games. In August 2010, goa.com disappears to become the Orange Jeux portal. 921:

From 1 June 2006, France Télécom tried to commercialise all its products under a single worldwide brand, becoming the sole brand of the France Telecom group for Internet, television and mobile services in the majority of countries in which Orange operated.

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Orange offers services for video on demand access using the Orange decoder, a computer or a mobile phone. Orange offers free programming from the catalogues of available works of France Television, M6 and TF1 for one week after their initial broadcast.

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performances, customers compared their download speed and discovered that Orange in France was capping 3G download bandwidth. Orange admitted capping to 384 kbit/s, well below the theoretical 7.2 Mbit/s provided by the iPhone. Orange uncapped

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The company is headed either by the chairman of the board of directors, whose title in that case is the chairman and chief executive officer, or by another person appointed by the board of directors and given the title of chief executive officer.

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and, in 2008, entered into a partnership with France Televisions to broadcast pre-recorded programming from the public national television and to roll out themed channels for sports, cinema and television series. Orange dubbed the strategy

3098:, a French online video platform, at a cost of €58.8 million. The group also secured an option to acquire all of the shares in the platform in 2013. This is indicative of a new strategy by Orange, which seeks to offer a full range of 2582:

is a provider of managed services for the media and broadcast industry, such as TV channel distribution via satellite and Internet, live event production, contribution and distribution services, channel content preparation and playout.

3590:. Richard told both Netanyahu and Peres that Orange has not and will not support anti-Israel boycott efforts, and insisted that its announced decision to abrogate its relationship with Partner was purely commercial and not political. 2351:

Orange Cinema Series is launched 13 November 2008, along with Orange Sport; it comprises five channels devoted to movies (Orange Ciné Max, Ciné Happy, Ciné Choc, Ciné Novo, Ciné Géant). The channels primarily show films from the

580:. It has 266 million customers worldwide and employs about 89,000 people or more in France and 59,000 people worldwide. In 2023, the group had a revenue of approximately €43 billion. The company's head office is located in 2236:

Orange took over the landline and Internet businesses of France Telecom and Wanadoo in 2006. Since then, Orange is the sole brand of France Telecom for landline and Internet services worldwide, with a few exceptions, such as

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In 1941, a General Direction of Telecommunications was created within this ministry. Then, in 1944, the National Centre of Telecommunications Studies (CNET) was created to develop the telecommunications industry in France.

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in 2008, announcing it simultaneously with the launch of the Orange cinema series television channels and aimed to offer customers access to all content available through Orange's services, anywhere and from any device.

2458:: Created by Orange in 2008, Liveradio is a free, live, on-demand IP radio streaming service. Users gain access through this service to more than 10,000 FM and web radio stations and 11,000 podcasts from 100 countries. 655:. Telephone services were nationalised and added to the ministry in 1889. However, it was not until 1923 that the second 'T' (for 'telephones') appeared and the department of P&T (Posts and Telegraphs) became PTT. 3621:

Audit Committee: Created in 1997, the Audit Committee comprises three members appointed for indefinite terms by the board of directors on the recommendation of the Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility

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In August 2000, France Télécom bought Orange plc from Vodafone for a total estimated cost of €39.7 billion. At the time, France Télécom also bought stakes in several other international firms (GlobalOne,

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In 1997, France Telecom created Goa, an online entertainment subsidiary. The site is launched as a platform for players of massively multiplayer online games. In 2002, Goa acquires the operating license for

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is a provider of IPTV and OTT TV service platforms and security services. It is headquartered in Paris La Defense. Viaccess-orca acquired Squadeo company in 2017 and is able to supply video secured player.

3498:, it was voted as the most unreliable broadband provider, and it had the highest number of dissatisfied customers. Two thirds of Orange customers experienced problems cancelling their Orange broadband. 1035:

for US$ 1.7 billion. The deal closed on 3 January 2013, and the Orange brand was phased out on 19 August 2013, when its operations were merged into 3. In March 2012, France Télécom bought 93.9% of

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The company's former head office was based at 6, Place d'Alleray in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. The building was the head office from 1998 until 2012. Eight hundred employees worked at the site.

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web site known as OrangeProblems.co.uk focuses on the poor level of service provided by Orange Broadband in the UK. Initially set up as WanadooProblems.co.uk, the site focuses on the infamous Orange

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limit, the user cannot download more than 1 gigabyte per month, thus limiting browsing. Unaware of this, the three plaintiffs browsed beyond plan limits and had to pay additional fees as a result.

4231: 3072:. With this acquisition, the operator offered its subscribers a new "Deezer Premium" option: paid streaming music service with no advertising and 7 million titles. In 2016 Orange sold Deezer to 5799: 3437:, making use of the data which they have access to, France Télécom has targeted former subscribers who had switched to a competitor, in order to win them back, offering them specific deals. 3349:

The suicide rate among France Télécom's 102,000 domestic employees was 15.3 per year in that year, compared with an average of 14.7 suicides per 100,000 in the overall French population.

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services on its channels, allowing viewers to watch programmes broadcast in the previous 30 days whenever they like, as well as supplementary programmes from the previous month.

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Faced with multiple suicides of employees, the company promoted Stéphane Richard to the chief executive officer on 1 February 2010, while Didier Lombard remained as chairman.

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which went on to win best picture and four further awards at the 84th Academy Awards. This makes it the first silent film to win an award since the original ceremony in 1929.

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Orange Labs (formerly France Télécom R&D) is the research and development division of Orange. This division was derived from different previous entities, such as CNET (

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the fifteen other members are appointed by the shareholders. The board members serve for a term of four years. In 2011, the board of directors was composed of 15 members:

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was a brand by Globecast for its north-american direct-to-home satellite broadcast of international channels. In 2012, Globecast also began launching a direct-to-consumer

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Beginning in 2003, Orange's strategy has centred on the acquisition, creation and diffusion of content. This starts with the creation of MaLigne.tv in 2003, later renamed

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in Austria, Belgium, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Jordan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland and Orange's African markets. On 8 September 2009, Orange and

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accused Orange of tied-selling as the Orange channels were only available to its subscribers. In June 2008, the firm abandoned a €27 billion bid for Swedish operator

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at faster speeds. Planned to begin operation in 2020, the fibre-based cable has a design capacity of 250 terabits per second (Tbit/s) and will span approximately 6600

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they held. According to the survey Orange was the worst ISP in the UK. 68% of Orange customers that took part in the survey said they were unsatisfied with Orange's

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that the work organisation at France Télécom "was conducive to generating suffering at work" and "health risks" for employees. An investigation was conducted by the

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fined France Télécom €27.6 million for having improperly impeded the development of new competing operators in the French overseas departments (primarily Réunion).

2320:, an ADSL television access service and a video-on-demand service. In 2004, Orange organised a television access service for mobile phones. In 2007, Orange created 10325: 10315: 5445: 4814: 56: 10223: 6413: 795:. Hutchison renamed Microtel to Orange Personal Communications Services Ltd, and on 28 April 1994 the Orange brand was launched in the UK mobile phone market. A 7389: 5372: 772: 3537:

In August 2007 Orange was criticised for summarily deleting email accounts tied to old Freeserve and Wanadoo 'pay as you go' dial-up accounts with no warning.

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In February 2016, Orange and Partner decided to terminate their agreement. As a result, rebranding has resulted in Orange Israel becoming part of Partner.

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bullish. A second share offering occurred in 1998. France Télécom got behind in the internationalisation launched by its international competitors such as

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concerning industrial, the publication of societal and environmental information, and the main orientations of its corporate social responsibility policy.

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Cityvox is a network of websites with local content (restaurants, cultural happenings, etc.) created in 1999. Orange purchased the network site in 2008.

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are in France. Orange France is the leading mobile telecommunications operator in France, with a market share of 45.38% as of 2 November 2009.

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On 5 April 2009, Orange won an Arbitration Court case against Orascom Telecom, forcing Orascom to transfer its stake in Mobinil to Orange at a price of

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experiments aimed at mobile receivers were first carried out by France's Centre Commun d'Etudes de Telediffusion et Telecommunications (CCETT) in 1984.

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per Mobinil share. On 28 October 2009, Orange changed the name of its Luxembourgish telecommunication company VOXMobile to Orange. On 5 November 2009,

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bid for Mannesmann. Shortly thereafter, in February 2000, Vodafone acquired Mannesmann for US$ 183 billion, and decided to divest Orange because

636:, the first communication network was developed to enable the rapid transmission of information in a warring and unsafe country. That was the optical 7038: 6934: 6355: 5146: 4129: 4014: 9798: 6387: 4263: 10335: 10310: 7149: 6835: 6765: 4630: 4191: 3387:

accused Orange of not providing sufficient connectivity to its site, thus severely limiting throughput from France, an allegation Orange denied.

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fixed-line telephone which would stay under the designation 'France Télécom'. Consequently, this led to the disappearance of a number of brands.

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In response to the problems with Orange UK broadband and 3G broadband during March 2009 and April 2009 the 3G data network has been upgraded to

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created in 1972, as well as other entities. In 2007, France Télécom R&D became known as Orange Labs, a global network of R&D entities.

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but covers a wider range of Orange operations such as lost email, significantly delayed SMTP and outages, suspicions of eavesdropping, et al.

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Governance of the Orange group is centered in its board of directors, executive committee and three committees that steer Orange's strategy:

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Orange is a communications access provider offering customers access through multiple platforms. The four key platforms Orange operates are:

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This article is about the French telecommunications company. For the former British mobile network operator the company is named after, see

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France Télécom used its dominant position, resulting in particular from its former monopoly, to take unfair advantage of its competitors.

716:, continues to hold a stake of almost 27% in the company. In addition, The French government's role in naming the CEO. In September 1995, 10305: 10216: 9791: 7828: 6792: 6738: 6448: 6014: 4341: 3115: 2516: 2448: 2321: 71: 2591:

IPTV service called MyGlobeTV in the United States using NetGem set top boxes. The MyGlobeTV service was discontinued In December 2013.

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customers in Cameroon. It serves as a bridge between the Internet access and the home network through several communication interfaces (

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acquired Orange for a price equivalent to €7,900 per customer, i.e. US$ 33 billion. Mannesmann's acquisition of Orange triggered

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and increased signal coverage. This new network can be seen in action on many mobile phones which display network for instance the

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starts the studio, which has an initial budget of 30 million Euros. For its growth, Orange negotiates exclusivity agreements with

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to launch Future4care. This all-European start-up accelerator will help develop upcoming companies focused on digital health.

3172:(22%). In March 2015, Orange acquired all remaining shares of Cloudwatt to strengthen its enterprise cloud services offering. 9710: 9700: 9680: 9482: 8159: 7706: 7250: 6984: 4414: 2804: 7650: 7105: 5652: 4792: 9882: 7213: 6470: 881:

were replaced by the Orange brand. On 21 November 2003, France Telecom withdrew the 13.7% of Orange's shares traded on the

807:, majority-owned by Hutchison (48.22%), followed by BAe (21.1%). In June 1996, it became the youngest company to enter the 8847: 7301: 6908: 5817: 2501:

France Télécom merged the different internal divisions managing each platform and now all operate under the Orange brand.

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became the brand for all its business services offerings worldwide, replacing the Equant brand. In June 2007, Orange and

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structure was adopted in 1995 with the establishment of Orange plc. In April 1996, Orange went public and floated on the

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Senior Executive Vice-President of CSR, Diversity, Partnerships and Philanthropy, Deputy Chair of the Orange Foundation

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In November 2008, Orange launched five Orange Cinema Series channels. To do so, Orange bought the exclusive rights from

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National Academey of Television Arts and Sciences, Outstanding Achievement in Technical/Engineering Development Awards

5572: 5283: 10121: 9571: 7949: 6212: 4500: 93: 7927: 6854: 6095: 5257: 9953: 9356: 8904: 8706: 6315:"Monitoring research 11 September 97 – Analysis; What's new on the DAB front?". BBC Monitoring. 11 September 1997. 4018: 3940:

Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Orange for mobile financial services, and Chief Executive Officer of Orange Bank

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Orange Sport is launched 13 November 2008. Orange secures the broadcast rights for the Saturday evening line-up of

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in 1999 and then was acquired by France Télécom in 2000. On 1 July 2013 France Télécom was rebranded to Orange.

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is Orange's backbone network. It covers Europe, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, and loops back to Paris.

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Orange is present in the U.S. through its Orange Business division and its venture capital historical partner

9487: 5988: 5962: 4022: 2753: 2412:). The acquisition of these rights marks the start of competition for sports programs with the Canal+ group. 6712: 5762: 4863: 3417: 9815: 9762: 9523: 9420: 8963: 8758: 8730: 3960: 3457: 2634: 600: 17: 8119: 7774: 7046: 6362: 5696: 5334: 4982: 1871:

The Orange brand name was licensed to a number of operators which Orange S.A. did not own, these include:

9752: 9259: 8699: 827: 788: 186: 6391: 9611: 9533: 9472: 9179: 8635: 7440: 6565: 2782: 2646: 2642: 970: 7792: 5168: 4638: 9963: 9383: 9344: 9189: 9089: 9018: 8951: 8778: 8665: 8436: 8152: 7573: 3149:, ensuring a stream of films for its TV Orange Cinema Series package. In 2011, Studio 37 co-produced 993: 573: 7680:"Orange Redoes Brand Licensing Agreement With Partner Costs Up To $ 100 Million If It Leaves Israel" 6260: 9742: 8984: 8919: 8872: 8832: 8280: 6049: 5034: 4957: 4103: 3550: 3502: 1310: 923: 835: 499: 5312: 3443:

maintaining call barring services inconsistent with the prior selection of an alternative operator

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The major shareholders of Orange as of 31 December 2015 are the state of France through

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Laurent, Barbotin. France Télécom Le dinosaure se réveille. L'Expansion, January 2007, n°715, p84

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of €95 per share, with a secondary listing in London. In May 2001, Orange S.A. was listed on the

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Delegate Chief Executive Officer, Group Transformation and Chairman of Orange Business Services

3235:, a subsidiary of Orange, acquired SUMA Móvil Spain from Grupo-Ingenium for an undisclosed sum. 2466: 1106:) for 23.04%. As of mid-2013, Orange employees owned 4.81%, and the company itself owned 0.58%. 10320: 10029: 9914: 9909: 9503: 9289: 9104: 9049: 9044: 8857: 8822: 4475: 4029: 3408:

uncovered a questionable financial deal that enabled the Orange group to acquire a 3G license.

3165: 2179: 6018: 4345: 4287:"The Telegraph of Claude Chappe -an Optical Telecommunication Network for the Xviiith Century" 663:

users to the operator). Moreover, with the help of French manufacturers, digital switching --

10071: 9904: 9405: 9209: 9174: 9094: 9074: 8996: 8884: 8805: 5549:[End of the Orange Era: Partner to Part With the Orange Brand as Early as February]. 4901: 3520: 3513: 3453: 3353: 3134: 2763: 2658: 863: 800: 8738: 6179: 10290: 9958: 9319: 9279: 9249: 9006: 8941: 8763: 8406: 8314: 8145: 8061: 7684: 7546: 4098: 3471: 3340: 3164:

is a cloud services provider set up in 2012 by Orange (44%), the French government through

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matches from season 2008/2009 to season 2011/2012, and the rights to home matches of eight

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investigation for a lack of security which potentially exposed customer records to fraud.

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provider SecureData for an undisclosed sum, merging it with Orange Cyberdefense Division.

8: 10005: 9943: 9329: 9269: 9028: 8990: 8788: 8773: 8680: 8560: 7655: 3310: 2437: 1099: 962: 927: 581: 228: 8391: 5674: 4829: 3647: 1024: 10019: 9833: 9556: 9513: 9444: 9314: 9244: 9219: 9154: 9001: 8722: 8645: 8630: 8385: 8273: 7748: 7725: 7628: 7070:"Orange, SFR et Bouygues Telecom condamnés à une amende record de 534 millions d'euros" 5989:"CCETT – Joint Research Center for Broadcast and Telecommunications (archived website)" 5521: 5472:"Parts de marché : opérateurs de téléphone mobiles en France | iPhone Killer" 4815:"Mid Europa Announces Agreement for The Sale of Orange Austria to Hutchison 3G Austria" 4571: 4368:"Esmertec Welcomes Michel Bon, Former CEO and Chairman of France Telecom, to its Board" 3583: 3491: 3476: 3099: 3077: 2584: 2168: 874: 647:

In 1878, after the invention of the electrical telegraph and then the invention of the

254: 8530: 7597:"Orange Group and Partner Communications outline new relationship framework agreement" 6713:"Orange reaches agreement to take over Deutsche Telekom's fixed operations in Romania" 5911: 3597:

In September 2015, Orange reaffirmed their commitment to Israel with an investment in

10101: 10091: 9783: 9596: 9518: 9432: 9415: 9378: 9224: 9054: 9023: 8889: 8783: 8580: 8338: 7858: 7412:"Orange confirms it plans to cut ties with Israeli firm, but says move not political" 6208: 4587: 4316: 4185: 3722: 3150: 3073: 2626:

CCETT/France Télécom R&D contributed to various international standards, such as

2474: 2389: 2201: 1082:

in July 2020, Orange launched a satellite-based home broadband service utilising the

1028: 784: 776: 706: 633: 608: 63: 9264: 6121: 5373:"Orange partners with Eutelsat to provide broadband via satellite throughout France" 4450: 4013:

The company was the official jersey sponsor of the national basketball teams of the

2607:

is also involved in content tracking over internet, providing anti-piracy services.

728:

In 1997, the capital of the new public company was successfully floated whereas the

10243: 10158: 9931: 9926: 9899: 9601: 9561: 9541: 9508: 9437: 9395: 9309: 9164: 9149: 9124: 9099: 9059: 8909: 8768: 8753: 8555: 8344: 8252: 7161: 6766:"Orange, Generali, Sanofi and Capgemini launch Future4care, a start-up accelerator" 4908: 4286: 4177: 4074: 3524: 3495: 3314: 3253: 3120: 2693: 2564: 2346: 2326: 1802: 1119: 1083: 997: 843: 749: 745: 391: 8257: 7905: 7489:"Netanyahu calls on French govt to publicly denounce Orange's pullout from Israel" 6973: 6494:"Warner Music's Parent Company Now In Control of Deezer Following French Approval" 5714: 5004: 4594: 4544: 4421: 3232: 2497:, though currently only in France, Spain, Poland and Slovakia, known as Orange TV. 1829: 901:, who had been head of the firm's new technologies division, replaced him as CEO. 473: 10285: 9229: 9084: 8852: 8827: 8815: 8650: 8374: 8114: 8109: 7541: 7142: 5357: 4660: 4608: 3567: 3273: 3248: 2510: 2421: 2361: 1138:

France, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia and Poland: leading mobile telephone business.

796: 710: 678: 560: 436: 10201: 10163: 7217: 5544: 10086: 9997: 9992: 9427: 9299: 9274: 9234: 9204: 9079: 8914: 8867: 8842: 8800: 8320: 8285: 8262: 8247: 8231: 8186: 7245: 5234: 4909:"Football – MAXIFOOT : Droits TV : Orange remporte la seconde manche" 4309:"France says farewell to the Minitel – the little box that connected a country" 4007: 4003: 3959:

Orange's head office, since 2012, is based at 78, Rue Olivier de Serres in the

3641: 3531: 3516: 3372: 3256:

announced that it was prepared to sell its stake in Telekom Romania to Orange.

2743: 2534: 2381: 2273: 2261: 2250: 2072: 1970: 1940: 1856: 1700: 1621: 1213: 1041: 1032: 1020: 1009: 931: 898: 889: 882: 851: 808: 792: 753: 733: 729: 604: 468: 451: 167: 149: 132: 67: 8132: 6793:"Future4Care: Four Corporates Team To Make Europe A Global Leader In E-Health" 6123:

Des élaborations collectives – Le pôle de compétitivité – Images & Réseaux

5591:"Equatorial Guinea makes final payment to remove Orange from Getesa ownership" 953:), as well as all films in its catalogue and rights to the film catalogues of 862:, the benchmark stock market index of the top 40 French companies in terms of 10279: 9972: 9948: 9887: 9860: 9576: 9349: 9339: 9254: 9144: 9139: 9129: 9114: 8936: 8795: 8660: 8600: 8500: 8400: 8332: 8325: 8292: 8239: 6152: 4320: 4060: 4040: 3570: 3200: 3126: 2683: 2657:

developed a digital audio two-channel compression system known as Musicam or

2524: 2470: 2409: 2385: 2242: 2005: 1948: 1648: 1469: 1414: 1127: 1068: 950: 765: 698: 641: 462: 441: 140: 10106: 8575: 8415: 7173: 7154: 6204:

Digital audio broadcasting: principles and applications of DAB, DAB+ and DMB

5885:"Bienvenue au CNET – centre de R&D de France Télécom (archived website)" 10010: 9894: 9870: 9454: 9294: 9239: 9169: 9134: 9069: 8968: 8958: 8810: 8655: 8620: 8359: 8205: 7278: 4439: 3587: 3433:

as operators of the quasi-totality of the telecommunication infrastructure

3411: 3169: 3138: 2539: 2453: 2353: 1772: 1722: 1367: 1260: 942: 935: 909: 588: 457: 290: 8104: 5191:"Didier Lombard quitte définitivement France Telecom – TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS" 4983:"Orange brings iPhone to customers in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East" 4545:"Mannesmann to buy UK cellular firm; Vodafone, Hutchinson likely to react" 3852:

Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Chief Executive Director of Orange France

3375:

and Orange were found guilty of moral harassment towards their employees.

791:, which by then had acquired a licence to develop a mobile network in the 10248: 10148: 9855: 9654: 9304: 9214: 9199: 9159: 9119: 8978: 8510: 8485: 8382: 7150:« Comment les opérateurs expliquent le «bégaiement» de textos » 6099: 4923: 3992: 3357: 3216: 3130: 3095: 3089: 2281: 2277: 2036: 1439: 978: 741: 702: 446: 7464:"Benjamin Netanyahu to France: Renounce the miserable actions of Orange" 6543: 6432: 3868:

Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer of Orange Spain

3860:

Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technology and Innovation Officer

3309:

Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections

870: 756:

without letting the French know; even if this project ended up failing.

10116: 10081: 10039: 9659: 9366: 9064: 8973: 8929: 8899: 8877: 8640: 8200: 8178: 8124: 6096:"CCETT – Welcome to the CCETT's MPEG Audio Web Site (archived website)" 5623: 5117: 3598: 3578: 3464: 3434: 3384: 3068:

In late August 2010 Orange acquired an 11% share in the streaming site

2662: 2397: 2265: 1913: 1541: 1516: 1340: 1076: 985: 974: 815: 717: 637: 616: 428: 357: 162: 7128:"Bug des SMS du Nouvel An : Orange met Bouygues Telecom en cause" 4178:"ORANGE SA company : Shareholders, managers and business summary" 3447: 2733: 2567:

merged their UK businesses in 2010 to form a joint venture branded as

2253:. As of 31 December 2010, Orange has 13.7 million broadband 1670: 904: 10143: 10024: 9644: 9109: 8924: 8691: 8525: 8520: 7624:"Orange, Partner pave way for cutting ties following BDS controversy" 5675:"MyTF1 arrive chez Orange le 7 Juin (ADSL et Sat) | Orange Info" 5213:"Polémique autour du placard doré de Didier Lombard – LExpansion.com" 4705:"Video [Introduction Orange en bourse] notice archives video" 4683:"TELECOMS: France Télécom boucle le rachat d'Orange - LExpansion.com" 4294:

Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics - College of the Holy Cross

4088: 3506: 3488: 3269: 3161: 2579: 2317: 2297: 2135: 1975: 965:. Orange also secured exclusive rights to broadcast Saturday evening 878: 839: 780: 648: 612: 479: 295: 31: 8565: 6558: 6516: 6514: 5940: 3951: 3556: 10183: 10111: 10096: 9865: 9639: 9629: 9546: 9371: 9194: 8675: 8605: 8590: 8515: 8308: 7920: 7799: 7516:"Orange CEO sows confusion on Israel trip aimed to resolve dispute" 7363: 7169:« Plus de 930 millions de SMS envoyés pour le Nouvel An » 7011: 6939: 6333: 5493: 4028:

Orange was the kit sponsor of the French association football club

3484: 2558: 2301: 2238: 1902: 1797: 1285: 1235: 946: 823: 819: 737: 596: 592: 305: 285: 268: 7900: 7898: 6540:"Vivendi raises its stake in Dailymotion « Dailymotion Press" 6330:"CCETT – DAB : Digital Audio Broadcasting (archived website)" 5992: 5966: 5963:"Expanding the offer of France Telecom and TDF (archived website)" 5615: 5205: 3836:

Delegate Chief Executive Officer, Finance, Performance and Europe

3562:

discontinue use of its popular brand name by its Israeli operator

10188: 10178: 10173: 10133: 10128: 10076: 10051: 9938: 9921: 9845: 9634: 9619: 8837: 8610: 8545: 8350: 8040:"Orange devient le partenaire majeur de l'Olympique de Marseille" 6662:"Orange acquires SecureLink in European enterprise security push" 6511: 6463: 5102: 4108: 4093: 4036: 3360: 3103: 2654: 2405: 2393: 2377: 2373: 2289: 2231: 2067: 1851: 1747: 1695: 1616: 1591: 1491: 1208: 1049: 1037: 1013: 966: 675: 664: 577: 484: 7390:"Orange Exec Pleads for BDS Pity, Hopes to Cut Ties with Israel" 6235:"STERNE: the CCETT proposal for digital television broadcasting" 6200: 5913:

R&D management, TDF Customer- and product-oriented expertise

5139: 4793:"France Telecom Names Lombard Chief Executive, Replacing Breton" 4766:"Orange: l'ADAM gagne un sursis jusqu'à l'examen de ses recours" 4697: 3884:

Chief Executive Officer of Wholesale and International Networks

930:

acquired Austrian mobile network company One, re-branding it as

748:

based on a reciprocal capital contribution of 2% broke off when

9850: 9838: 9664: 9624: 8946: 8670: 8625: 8615: 8570: 8535: 8495: 8490: 8466: 8461: 7895: 5400:(in French). Agence des participations de l'État. 30 April 2015 5183: 4878: 4855: 4727:"OPA sur Orange et Wanadoo: les petits porteurs sont en colère" 3265: 3069: 3063: 2520: 2269: 2102: 1643: 1464: 1423: 1398: 1389: 1182: 1072: 1056: 989: 859: 804: 603:(IPTV) services since 2006. The Orange brand originated in the 173: 8137: 6882:"France Telecom Names Richard CEO; Lombard to Remain Chairman" 5760: 5729: 4741: 3094:

On 25 January 2011 Orange announced the acquisition of 49% of

770: 113: 10138: 9649: 9586: 8894: 8550: 7359:"3G+ Orange : l'opérateur débride totalement les débits" 7074: 6590:(Press release). Paris: Orange. 20 March 2015. Archived from 6441: 5464: 5335:"Orange strikes 3.4 billion euro deal to buy Spain's Jazztel" 5284:"Hutchison keeps rock-bottom tariff after Orange Austria buy" 4130:"France's Orange Hunts for New Leader After CEO's Conviction" 3390: 3364: 3220: 2305: 2293: 2285: 1935: 1824: 1362: 1045: 374: 7651:"Telecom giant Orange to end Israel presence within 2 years" 6818:"Selbstmordserie: France Telecom Mitarbeiter verbrennt sich" 5494:"Salt Mobile - We used to be Orange. We are now called Salt" 3892:

Executive Director of Strategy and Cybersecurity activities

2461: 507: 10168: 10066: 10061: 9982: 9875: 9591: 8585: 3955:

Orange's former head office in Paris at 6, Place d'Alleray.

3540:

In August 2008, after well publicised problems with iPhone

3180:

In January 2019 Orange acquired a minority shareholding in

2494: 2254: 2185: 2146: 2119: 2080: 1566: 1500: 1148: 1141: 1134: 329: 310: 300: 8091: 7767: 7569:"Israeli affiliate to stop using Orange name in 24 months" 7435: 7433: 6449:"France TĂŠlĂŠcom s'offre Cityvox - Le Nouvel Observateur" 4958:"TeliaSonera: France Télécom hangs up on Swedish operator" 4083:

Centre commun d'études de télévision et télécommunications

3243:

In early August 2020 Orange reached an agreement with the

2542:, Orange operates phone booths in Wellington, New Zealand. 1244: 759: 671:

standard—were invented by engineers and CNET researchers.

10258: 9987: 9977: 8505: 7171:

paru le 3 January 2011 sur le site Internet du quotidien

7152:

paru le 3 January 2011 sur le site Internet du quotidien

6739:"Orange poised to acquire Telekom Romania stake from OTE" 6015:"EBU Technical Review – Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)" 5791:"BT returns to mobile phones with £12.5bn takeover of EE" 5763:"BT in talks to buy mobile phone operator EE for £12.5bn" 5546:תום העידן הכתום: פרטנר תיפרד מהמותג אורנג' - כבר בפברואר 3924:

Chief Executive Officer of Orange Middle East and Africa

3480: 3142: 2357: 958: 684: 668: 7749:"Israel's Partner Rebrands, Cuts Final Ties With Orange" 7721:"French telecom firm Orange invests in Israeli start-up" 6471:"Orange prend 11% du capital de Deezer – LExpansion.com" 5937:"CNET – a half century of innovation (archived website)" 5909: 5645: 5353:"Google and Orange building cable between US and France" 5258:"Hutchison Whampoa closes acquisition of Orange Austria" 3412:

Anticompetitive practices in French overseas departments

1600: 744:

rate of the dot-com bubble. Moreover, its alliance with

9824:

Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 10 billion

7430: 7007:"Orange visé par une plainte pour publicité mensongère" 6614:"Orange invests in Aire, an innovative fintech company" 5689: 5235:"Hutchison to buy Orange Austria as it seeks expansion" 3900:

Secretary General, Secretary of the Board of Directors

3799:

Director representing the public sector (French State)

3791:

Director representing the public sector (French State)

3783:

Director representing the public sector (French State)

3546: 3541: 3197: 3185: 2216: 1954: 1862: 1835: 1808: 1781: 1756: 1731: 1706: 1679: 1654: 1627: 1575: 1550: 1525: 1475: 1448: 1373: 1346: 1319: 1294: 1269: 1219: 1192: 1145:

Belgium and Luxembourg: ranked 2nd in mobile telephony.

9813: 7098:"les SMS ou MMS envoyés la nuit de la Saint-Sylvestre" 6935:"France Télécom: la souffrance au travail est établie" 6909:"Why are France Télécom employees committing suicide?" 5888: 5631:"Orange : programmes de France Television en VOD" 4933:(in French). Capital.fr. 25 April 2013. Archived from 2020: 1989: 1919: 752:

announced that they were planning to do business with

740:, thus, it started looking for targets at the highest 7707:"Orange strikes new deal with Partner Communications" 6173: 6146: 2086: 2051: 528: 7542:"Israeli Co. to Be Paid Millions After Orange Snafu" 6687:"Orange España acquires Spanish unit of SUMA Mobile" 6414:"Une étroite collaboration avec le monde académique" 5814:"GlobeCast Announces Commercial Launch of MyGlobeTV" 5667: 5608: 5096:

Sharp, Alastair; El Dahan, Maha (10 December 2009).

4931:"Orange suspend la commercialisation d'Orange Sport" 4837:"Le torchon brûle entre Orange et Canal+ Orange FAI" 4050: 3932:

Chief Executive Officer of Orange Business Services

3465:

Controversies in UK regarding the quality of service

2152: 945:

for first runs of all new films, previously held by

627: 538: 74:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a 7881:"France Télécom : un legs de l'administration" 7384: 7382: 6836:"France Telecom talks with unions on suicide spate" 3448:

SMS and MMS propagation of 1 January 2011 in France

2249:broadband Internet offers are supplied through the 905:

NeXT scheme and rebranding to Orange (2006–present)

850:On 13 February 2001, Orange S.A. was listed on the 584:, in the southwestern suburban area of Paris City. 27:

French multinational telecommunications corporation

5863:"GlobeCast to pull plug on MyGlobeTV IPTV service" 5789: 5737: 5125:"Le président de France Télécom tire sa révérence" 3245:Ministry of Communications and Information Society 2484:fixed line telephone, mainly in France and Poland. 2257:customers worldwide, 67% of whom are in France40. 10231: 8062:"Team Vitality nab major sponsorship from Orange" 7039:"Ben Ali: les compromissions d'Orange en Tunisie" 6981:"Orange dément brider l'accès au site Megaupload" 5841:"MyGlobeTV 'closed OTT' service launches in U.S." 4447:"Vodafonews est un site non officiel de Vodafone" 3557:Accusations of antisemitism and calls for boycott 3426:The practices identified by the Authority were: 3383:In 2011, following complaints by Internet users, 723: 10301:Telecommunications companies established in 1988 10277: 7976:"Orange becomes UEFA EURO 2012 Official Sponsor" 7379: 6201:Wolfgang Hoeg, Thomas Lauterbach (3 June 2009), 5098:"Egypt regulator OKs France Tel bid for Mobinil" 4501:"Hutchison Whampoa Releases Annual Results 1996" 4420:. na.baesystems.com. p. 107. Archived from 4260:"France Telecom to become Orange on 1 July 2013" 3908:Executive Director in charge of Human Resources 2774:École Normale Supérieure - chaire de cryptologie 2268:supplied to Orange's ADSL and FTTH customers in 830:would not allow it to hold two mobile licences. 10326:Multinational companies headquartered in France 10316:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange 7441:"Netanyahu: French Govt. Partially Owns Orange" 7274:"Orange mounts sneaky Freeserve accounts purge" 6616:(Press release). Paris: Orange. 8 February 2019 6072: 5573:"Téléphonie: Orange Maurice devient MyT Mobile" 4476:"BAe's record-breaking sterling Eurobond issue" 4163:"Orange S.A. Consolidated financial statements" 3378: 2617:Centre national d'études des télécommunications 981:after the two companies failed to agree terms. 869:In June 2001, the France Telecom Mobile brands 7950:"Orange end sponsorship agreement with Arrows" 7302:"Orange admits to capping 3G speeds in France" 6566:"Cinéma : L'appétit d'Orange – L'EXPRESS" 6388:"La force de la recherche et du développement" 5422:. Orange S.A. 16 February 2016. Archived from 1055:As of October 2018, Orange has teamed up with 10217: 9799: 8707: 8444: 8420: 8153: 5739:"Mobile giants promise Everything Everywhere" 5095: 4254: 4252: 938:and the Orange Austria brand was terminated. 587:Orange has been the company's main brand for 7883:(in French). Le Journal du Net. 27 June 2007 7807:"Corporate Website of France Telecom-Orange" 6149:"Riding the Media Bits – MPEG's third steps" 6075:"France Telecom R&D devient Orange Labs" 6042:SVC – a highly-scalable version of H.264/AVC 5412: 4887:"VoD : Orange et MGM signent un accord" 3916:Executive Director Communications and Brand 3693:Director representing employee shareholders 1001:there was some overlap as of February 2011. 913:Logo of France Télécom from 2006 until 2013. 689:Until 1988, France Télécom was known as the 9722:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 6588:"Orange acquires the totality of Cloudwatt" 5169:"Orange's successful broadband outsourcing" 4470: 4468: 4190:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3653: 3530:Orange Mobile has been criticised during a 3440:margin squeeze on broadband Internet offers 3125:co-produces and acquires films, unlike the 720:was appointed to run France Télécom Group. 705:government starting on 1 January 1998. The 10224: 10210: 9806: 9792: 9758: 8714: 8700: 8451: 8437: 8160: 8146: 7793:"Orange to replace CEO Richard by Jan. 31" 6855:"Wave of staff suicides at France Telecom" 6147:Leonardo Chiariglione (6 September 2009). 5215:. Lexpansion.lexpress.fr. 24 February 2011 5147:"Christine Albanel rejoint France Télécom" 4790: 4249: 4232:"FY 2023 Consolidated Financial Statement" 4198: 3391:Accusations of false advertising in France 3219:-based cybersecurity company, in 2019 for 984:In 2008, Orange was given permission from 112: 8059: 7068:Guillemin, Christophe (1 December 2005). 7067: 6853:Chrisafis, Angelique (9 September 2009). 6852: 5653:"M6 Replay accessible sur la TV d'Orange" 5542: 5536: 4306: 4127: 3796:Bpifrance Participations (representative) 3612: 3487:protection, published the results from a 2462:Subsidiaries, joint ventures and holdings 814:In October 1999, the German conglomerate 691:direction générale des Télécommunications 94:Learn how and when to remove this message 7677: 7357:Champeau, Guillaume (3 September 2008). 7356: 7272:Williams, Christopher (30 August 2007). 7271: 6879: 6790: 6491: 6473:. Lexpansion.lexpress.fr. 27 August 2010 5929: 5816:. GlobeCast. 1 July 2012. Archived from 5420:"2015 Consolidated financial statements" 4685:. Lexpansion.lexpress.fr. 22 August 2000 4631:"France Telecom buys Orange for $ 37 bn" 4623: 4559: 4537: 4523:"Telecommunications - Hutchison Whampoa" 4515: 4493: 4465: 4407: 4391:. licensing.ofcom.org.uk. Archived from 4381: 3991:, Orange was a major sponsor of British 3950: 3399: 2533: 2465: 2225: 1126: 1118: 908: 695:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 8027:2015 FIBA Africa Championship - Senegal 7325: 6763: 6522:"Orange prend 49 % de Dailymotion" 6451:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 23 June 2008 6174:Leonardo Chiariglione (17 March 2005). 5787: 5281: 5255: 3404:In March 2011, the information website 2430: 2360:catalogues. Orange installs additional 1052:for a fee of around €3.4 billion. 1012:launched telecommunication services in 760:Acquisition of Orange and privatisation 14: 10336:Telecommunications companies of France 10311:Companies listed on the Borsa Italiana 10278: 8721: 8060:Mitrevski, Lydia (13 September 2018). 7539: 7461: 7299: 7238: 6791:Schenker, Jennifer L. (11 June 2021). 5838: 4864:"Les futures séries de HBO sur Orange" 4128:Berthelot, Benoit (24 November 2021). 3805: 2814:Beijing University of Post and Telecom 1152:Spain: ranked 3rd in mobile telephony. 685:Creation of France Télécom (1988–1997) 615:: that company became a subsidiary of 55:contains content that is written like 10205: 9787: 8695: 8432: 8419: 8141: 7443:. Israelnationalnews.com. 4 June 2015 6880:Campbell, Matthew (1 February 2010). 6492:Flanagan, Andrew (8 September 2016). 6257:"DVB Project – List of Members – TDF" 5735: 5514: 5311:. Nuqudy. 29 May 2012. Archived from 5309:"France Telecom Buys Egypt's Mobinil" 4861: 4791:Ruitenberg, Rudy (27 February 2005). 4661:"France Telecom clinches Orange deal" 4307:Chrisafis, Angelique (28 June 2012). 4262:. Orange. 28 May 2013. Archived from 4175: 4032:for the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons. 3828:Chairman and chief executive officer 3685:Chairman and chief executive officer 3662: 2805:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 559: 10341:Internet service providers of France 10331:Government-owned companies of France 9883:China Telecommunications Corporation 9768: 7930:. Generation-nt.com. 17 January 2007 7621: 6906: 6356:"Document de Référence 2010 - p.286" 5761:Simon Goodley and Juliette Garside. 5543:Libeskind, Kalman (2 January 2016). 5282:Prodhan, Georgina (19 August 2013). 4567:"Mannesman to buy Orange for $ 33bn" 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 3969: 3717:Director representing the employees 3709:Director representing the employees 3701:Director representing the employees 3299:"criticism" or "controversy" section 3283: 2519:as well as two R&D labs: one in 1040:, an Egyptian mobile operator, from 39: 7906:"Carrefour du Mécénat d'entreprise" 7019:from the original on 18 August 2020 6659: 6416:(in French). Orange. Archived from 6390:(in French). Orange. Archived from 6073:Olivier Corredo (19 January 2007). 6033: 5903: 5715:"Wanadoo is to make way for Orange" 5341:(Press release). 15 September 2014. 5256:Shields, Michael (3 January 2013). 4955: 3264:In June 2021, Orange partners with 1131:Mobile network locations in Europe. 1096:Agence des participations de l'État 24: 10306:Companies listed on Euronext Paris 8029:, FIBA.com, Retrieved 11 May 2016. 7928:"Naissance de la Fondation Orange" 7513: 7239:Reuben, Emily (22 November 2006). 6764:Tazrout, Zacharie (11 June 2021). 6542:. 5 September 2015. Archived from 6332:. 11 February 2001. Archived from 5788:Neville, Simon (5 February 2015). 5517:"Orange to pay Partner up to €90m" 5005:"T-Mobile and Orange in UK merger" 4884: 4609:"Vodafone seals Mannesmann merger" 4284: 3238: 2766:- Chaire Media & Entertainment 2504: 2415: 1104:Fonds stratégique d'investissement 1023:, who remained special advisor to 787:, acquired a controlling stake in 25: 10352: 8083: 7326:Nichols, Shaun (26 August 2008). 6636:"Orange acquires UK's SecureData" 5910:C. Schwartz, D. Frossard (1997), 5802:from the original on 24 May 2022. 5750:from the original on 24 May 2022. 5071:"Orange Armenia Official Website" 4144: 3452:On 1 January 2011, Orange users' 3334: 3196:In February 2019 Orange acquired 2796:- chaire Innovation et Régulation 1883:Rebranding/ License cancellation 628:Nationalised service (1878–1980s) 9767: 9757: 9748: 9747: 9736: 9357:Free-space optical communication 8460: 8201:Democratic Republic of the Congo 8053: 8032: 8020: 7994: 7968: 7942: 7873: 7857:. France Télécom. Archived from 7847: 7821: 7785: 7741: 7713: 7699: 7671: 7643: 7615: 7589: 7561: 7533: 7507: 7481: 7455: 7404: 7350: 7328:"Orange admits to 3G speed caps" 7319: 7293: 7265: 7232: 7206: 7180: 7120: 7090: 7061: 7031: 6999: 6955: 6927: 6907:Sage, Adam (23 September 2009). 6900: 6873: 6846: 6828: 6810: 6784: 6757: 6731: 6705: 6679: 6653: 6628: 6606: 6580: 6532: 6361:. France Télécom. Archived from 4449:. Vodafonews.com. Archived from 4344:. France Telecom. Archived from 4085:(CCETT), now part of Orange Labs 4067: 4053: 4035:The company became a sponsor of 3601:, a video distribution network. 3371:On 20 December 2019, former CEO 3352:Following an investigation, the 3288: 3279: 3184:, a credit data platform in the 2833:Agence Nationale de la Recherche 2704:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2594: 2194: 2161: 2128: 2095: 2060: 2029: 1998: 1963: 1928: 1895: 1844: 1817: 1790: 1765: 1740: 1715: 1688: 1663: 1636: 1609: 1584: 1559: 1534: 1509: 1484: 1457: 1432: 1407: 1382: 1355: 1336:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1328: 1303: 1278: 1253: 1228: 1201: 1175: 1147: 1140: 1133: 1100:Banque publique d'investissement 895:Minister of Finance and Industry 709:, both directly and through its 653:Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs 611:acquired a controlling stake in 398: 397: 381: 380: 364: 363: 347: 346: 324: 323: 44: 8476:Last updated: 30 September 2023 8167: 8100:Business data for Orange S.A.: 7678:Goldberg, Niva (30 June 2015). 7392:. The Jewish Press. 3 June 2015 7334:. San Francisco. Archived from 7188:"BBC Watchdog Broadband Survey" 7015:(in French). 22 December 2009. 6884:. Business Week. Archived from 6485: 6406: 6380: 6348: 6322: 6308: 6275: 6249: 6227: 6194: 6167: 6140: 6114: 6088: 6066: 6007: 5981: 5965:. 20 April 2001. Archived from 5955: 5877: 5855: 5832: 5806: 5781: 5754: 5707: 5583: 5565: 5508: 5486: 5448:. NYSE Euronext. Archived from 5438: 5390: 5365: 5345: 5327: 5301: 5275: 5249: 5227: 5171:. Choose.co.uk. 21 October 2011 5161: 5149:. Lefigaro.fr. 19 February 2010 5089: 5063: 5049: 5023: 4997: 4975: 4949: 4807: 4784: 4758: 4719: 4675: 4653: 4601: 4360: 2529:South San Francisco, California 2367: 2311: 1089: 10154:Trilogy International Partners 7300:Oliver, Sam (26 August 2008). 7241:"Concern over mobile security" 5839:Hunter, Philip (9 July 2012). 5515:Koren, Hillel (30 June 2015). 5398:"Les participations publiques" 5127:. Lefigaro.fr. 20 January 2011 4839:. Echos du Net. Archived from 4729:. Silicon.fr. 24 February 2004 4389:"History of Cellular services" 4334: 4300: 4278: 4224: 4169: 4121: 3978: 3946: 3564:Partner Communications Company 3259: 3083: 2610: 724:'Roaring Nineties' (1997–2000) 13: 1: 10296:1988 establishments in France 10233:French mobile phone companies 8356:Telecom Vanuatu Limited (50%) 7540:Dvorin, Tova (30 June 2015). 6943:(in French). 10 December 2009 5579:(in French). 9 November 2017. 4637:. 30 May 2000. Archived from 4208:. Orange Jobs. Archived from 4114: 4023:2015 FIBA Africa Championship 3607: 3356:(Labour Inspection) told the 3302:may compromise the article's 3226: 3206: 3191: 3106:acquired 90% of Dailymotion. 1109: 651:, the French State created a 9816:telecommunications companies 9743:Telecommunication portal 9524:Telecommunications equipment 7775:"Document de Référence 2010" 7462:Keinon, Herb (5 June 2015). 6176:"VADIS FINAL PROJECT REPORT" 5697:"Document de Référence 2010" 4772:(in French). 2 December 2003 3961:15th arrondissement of Paris 3857:Mari-Noëlle Jégo-Laveissière 3379:Access to some sites limited 3156: 3109: 3102:to its subscribers. In 2015 2574: 1067:, to share data between the 1031:announced that it would buy 888:On 2 October 2002, the CEO, 674:In 1982, Telecom introduced 601:Internet Protocol television 7: 9260:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 7809:. Orange.com. 24 April 2013 7755:. Reuters. 17 February 2016 7130:. 01net.com. 1 January 2012 5736:Clark, Nick (12 May 2010). 5677:. Orangeinfo.fr. 3 May 2010 5655:. 01net.com. 1 January 2012 4046: 4002:Orange was the sponsor for 3634: 2785:- chaire pluridisciplinaire 2552: 789:Microtel Communications Ltd 10: 10357: 8964:Telecommunications history 6568:. Lexpress.fr. 22 May 2008 5057:"De Tijd, 20 October 2009" 4956:Gow, David (1 July 2008). 4911:. Maxifoot.fr. 16 May 2009 3338: 3087: 3061: 3049: 2783:Paris Descartes University 2556: 2508: 2419: 2344: 2229: 1084:Eutelsat Konnect satellite 971:French Football Federation 969:football matches from the 934:. In 2012, it was sold to 811:, valued at £2.4 billion. 763: 622: 29: 10239: 9829: 9822: 9731: 9673: 9610: 9572:Public Switched Telephone 9532: 9496: 9453: 9394: 9384:telecommunication circuit 9345:Fiber-optic communication 9328: 9090:Francis Blake (telephone) 9037: 8885:Optical telecommunication 8729: 8666:Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield 8481: 8474: 8426: 8421:Links to related articles 8399: 8381: 8369: 8301: 8177: 7622:Elis, Niv (1 July 2015). 7574:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 6207:, John Wiley & Sons, 5633:. Clubic.com. 2 July 2007 5193:. FRANCE 24. 2 March 2011 3577:Israeli culture minister 3057: 1114: 779:, a UK subsidiary of the 520: 516: 498: 494: 427: 417: 406: 389: 372: 355: 338: 319: 278: 245: 235: 224: 192: 182: 138: 128: 120: 111: 9483:Orbital angular-momentum 8920:Satellite communications 8759:Communications satellite 8281:Orange Business Services 8197:Central African Republic 7831:. Orange. Archived from 5717:. BBC News. 29 June 2005 5545: 5237:. BBC News. 2 March 2012 4749:"Orange IPO on Euronext" 4342:"Shareholding structure" 4104:List of French companies 4099:The Orange S.A. suicides 4015:Central African Republic 3654:Chief executive officers 2754:École Normale Supérieure 2443: 1311:Central African Republic 1123:Orange world activities. 924:Orange Business Services 766:Orange UK § History 9362:Molecular communication 9185:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 9014:Undersea telegraph line 8749:Cable protection system 6940:Le Nouvelle Observateur 4611:. BBC. 11 February 2000 4597:. CNN. 21 October 1999. 4595:"$ 36B Orange consumed" 4415:"The Facts : 2004" 4206:"Get to know us better" 3566:. The president of the 3553:by mid-September 2008. 3175: 2823:Imperial College London 2619:) created in 1944, the 2490:mobile phone telephony. 856:initial public offering 854:stock exchange with an 613:Microtel Communications 9915:Hutchison Asia Telecom 9504:Communication protocol 9290:Charles Sumner Tainter 9105:Walter Houser Brattain 9050:Edwin Howard Armstrong 8858:Information revolution 6098:. 1997. Archived from 6048:, 2008, archived from 6017:. 2001. Archived from 5991:. 1997. Archived from 5939:. 2008. Archived from 5887:. 1996. Archived from 4547:. CNN. 21 October 1999 4030:Olympique de Marseille 3956: 3613:Overview of governance 3586:and former president, 2698:Supplier and operator 2688:Supplier and operator 2665:in Engineering 2000). 2543: 2477: 2340: 1777:Orange (Group Sonatel) 1752:Orange (Group Sonatel) 1571:Orange (Group Sonatel) 1394:Orange (Group Sonatel) 1153: 1124: 1059:in order to install a 914: 385:€109.65 billion (2023) 211:; 11 years ago 198:; 36 years ago 9905:CK Hutchison Holdings 9478:Polarization-division 9210:Narinder Singh Kapany 9175:Erna Schneider Hoover 9095:Jagadish Chandra Bose 9075:Alexander Graham Bell 8806:online video platform 8370:Products and services 6963:"Orange Found Guilty" 6743:www.capacitymedia.com 6691:www.capacitymedia.com 5843:Broadcast Engineering 4985:. Orange. 16 May 2008 4635:The Financial Express 3954: 3767:Independent director 3759:Independent director 3751:Independent director 3743:Independent director 3740:Charles-Henri Filippi 3735:Independent director 3727:Independent director 3521:local loop unbundling 3514:consumer organisation 3430:excessive rate levels 3418:Competition Authority 3416:On 28 July 2011, the 3400:Corruption in Tunisia 3354:Inspection du travail 3145:, Fidélité Films and 2537: 2469: 2226:Landline and Internet 1130: 1122: 949:(a subsidiary of the 912: 864:market capitalisation 801:London Stock Exchange 557:French pronunciation: 402:€34.96 billion (2023) 76:neutral point of view 9320:Vladimir K. Zworykin 9280:Almon Brown Strowger 9250:Charles Grafton Page 8905:Prepaid mobile phone 8833:Electrical telegraph 8407:Orange S.A. suicides 8315:Jordan Telecom Group 7685:Jewish Business News 7547:Israel National News 4266:on 24 September 2015 3905:Valérie Le Boulanger 3772:Jean-Michel Severino 3756:Helle Kristoffersen 3748:Bernard Ramanantsoa 3341:Orange S.A. suicides 2431:Online entertainment 2245:in Poland. Orange's 883:Paris stock exchange 838:, Internet Telecom, 783:-based conglomerate 732:phenomenon made the 693:, a division of the 368:€2.62 billion (2023) 351:€4.80 billion (2023) 286:Fixed line telephone 265:Jacques Aschenbroich 9270:Johann Philipp Reis 9029:Wireless revolution 8991:The Telephone Cases 8848:Hydraulic telegraph 8561:Eurofins Scientific 8469:companies of France 8133:Company information 7835:on 9 September 2013 7729:. 25 September 2015 7656:The Times of Israel 7520:The Times of Israel 7049:on 8 September 2019 6969:. 20 December 2019. 6745:. 26 September 2019 6546:on 5 September 2015 6368:on 17 February 2012 6336:on 11 February 2001 5891:on 22 December 1996 5616:"Parc Livebox 2008" 5315:on 14 November 2013 4937:on 10 December 2014 4707:(in French). Ina.fr 4212:on 23 December 2016 4165:. 16 February 2023. 3806:Executive committee 3775:Independent member 3247:(MCSI) to purchase 2963:Issy les Moulineaux 2794:École polytechnique 2728:Academic institute 2718:Academic institute 2708:Academic institute 2659:MPEG Audio Layer II 2438:Dark Age of Camelot 928:Mid Europa Partners 681:for its customers. 632:In 1792, under the 582:Issy-les-Moulineaux 576:telecommunications 566:France Télécom S.A. 419:Number of employees 229:Issy-les-Moulineaux 207:(as France Télécom) 196:1 January 1988 124:France Télécom S.A. 108: 68:promotional content 10020:Lumen Technologies 9468:Frequency-division 9445:Telephone exchange 9315:Charles Wheatstone 9245:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 9220:Innocenzo Manzetti 9155:Reginald Fessenden 8890:Optical telegraphy 8723:Telecommunications 8646:STMicroelectronics 8631:Schneider Electric 8394:(Chairman and CEO) 7726:The Jerusalem Post 7629:The Jerusalem Post 7253:on 15 October 2007 6888:on 5 February 2010 6693:. 21 November 2019 6660:Osborne, Charlie. 6640:ComputerWeekly.com 6528:. 25 January 2011. 6155:on 22 January 2011 6055:on 20 January 2012 6021:on 20 January 2012 5361:. 15 October 2018. 5011:. 8 September 2009 4663:. BBC. 30 May 2000 4572:The New York Times 4427:on 25 January 2007 4395:on 5 February 2013 4348:on 1 February 2013 4236:gallery.orange.com 3957: 3865:Laurent Paillassot 3841:Gervais Pellissier 3732:Christel Heydemann 3698:Sébastien Crozier 3682:Christel Heydemann 3663:Board of directors 3584:Benyamin Netanyahu 3311:through discussion 3100:multi-screen video 3078:Warner Music Group 2827:University/School 2817:University/School 2809:University/School 2799:University/School 2788:University/School 2777:University/School 2769:University/School 2758:University/School 2748:University/School 2738:University/School 2649:standards. CCETT, 2585:GlobeCast World TV 2544: 2478: 2475:cable-laying ships 2334:Content Everywhere 2169:Dominican Republic 1154: 1125: 915: 255:Christel Heydemann 187:Telecommunications 106: 70:and inappropriate 10273: 10272: 10267: 10266: 10199: 10198: 10102:Tata Teleservices 9781: 9780: 9519:Store and forward 9514:Data transmission 9428:Network switching 9379:Transmission line 9225:Guglielmo Marconi 9190:Internet pioneers 9055:Mohamed M. Atalla 9024:Whistled language 8689: 8688: 8541:Dassault Systèmes 8413: 8412: 8339:Mauritius Telecom 8008:. 28 October 2015 7982:. 19 January 2011 7956:. 11 October 2002 7338:on 30 August 2008 7108:on 6 January 2011 6842:. 7 October 2009. 5595:Telegeography.com 5474:. 2 November 2009 4817:. 3 February 2012 4575:. 21 October 1999 3970:Orange Foundation 3944: 3943: 3873:Christine Albanel 3803: 3802: 3723:Alexandre Bompard 3477:television series 3469:On 21 March 2007 3332: 3331: 3231:In November 2019 3166:Caisse des Dépôts 3074:Access Industries 3047: 3046: 2841: 2840: 2837:Research program 2527:and the other in 2487:broadband access. 2223: 2222: 2202:Equatorial Guinea 1886:Present operator 1869: 1868: 1424:orange-bissau.com 1399:orange-guinee.com 1029:Hutchison Whampoa 1019:On 2 March 2012, 785:Hutchison Whampoa 777:Hutchison Telecom 707:French government 634:French Revolution 609:Hutchison Whampoa 550: 549: 104: 103: 96: 16:(Redirected from 10348: 10244:Bouygues Telecom 10226: 10219: 10212: 10203: 10202: 9927:Deutsche Telekom 9900:Chunghwa Telecom 9808: 9801: 9794: 9785: 9784: 9771: 9770: 9761: 9760: 9751: 9750: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9612:Notable networks 9602:Wireless network 9542:Cellular network 9534:Types of network 9509:Computer network 9396:Network topology 9310:Thomas A. Watson 9165:Oliver Heaviside 9150:Philo Farnsworth 9125:Daniel Davis Jr. 9100:Charles Bourseul 9060:John Logie Baird 8769:Data compression 8764:Computer network 8716: 8709: 8702: 8693: 8692: 8636:Société Générale 8556:EssilorLuxottica 8465: 8464: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8430: 8429: 8417: 8416: 8392:Stéphane Richard 8171: 8162: 8155: 8148: 8139: 8138: 8095: 8094: 8092:Official website 8077: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7386: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7249:. Archived from 7236: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7220:on 27 March 2010 7216:. Archived from 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7194:on 27 March 2007 7190:. Archived from 7184: 7178: 7165: 7159: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7104:. Archived from 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7045:. Archived from 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6983:. Archived from 6977: 6971: 6970: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6824:. 27 April 2011. 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6719:. 17 August 2020 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6594:on 26 March 2015 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6445: 6439: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6420:on 28 March 2012 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6394:on 28 March 2012 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6367: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6297:on 14 April 2010 6296: 6290:, archived from 6289: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6259:. 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Archived from 6144: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6128: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6102:on 14 April 1997 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6054: 6047: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5969:on 20 April 2001 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5918: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5820:on 11 March 2013 5810: 5804: 5803: 5793: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5073:. Archived from 5067: 5061: 5060: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5033:. Archived from 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4480: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4256: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4125: 4077: 4075:Companies portal 4072: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4057: 4056: 3929:Helmut Reisinger 3913:Béatrice Mandine 3825:Stéphane Richard 3814: 3813: 3671: 3670: 3648:Stéphane Richard 3525:customer service 3496:customer service 3327: 3324: 3318: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3254:Deutsche Telekom 3211:Orange acquired 3135:Frédérique Dumas 3124: 3114:Created in 2007 3076:, the parent of 3018:Sophia Antipolis 2847: 2846: 2694:Deutsche Telekom 2672: 2671: 2565:Deutsche Telekom 2457: 2347:OCS (TV channel) 2330: 2219: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2155: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2122: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2089: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2023: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1957: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1922: 1901: 1899: 1898: 1880:Former operator 1874: 1873: 1865: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1838: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1811: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1784: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1759: 1746: 1744: 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10345: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10268: 10263: 10235: 10230: 10200: 10195: 10087:SoftBank Mobile 9825: 9818: 9812: 9782: 9777: 9737: 9735: 9727: 9669: 9606: 9528: 9492: 9449: 9398: 9390: 9331: 9324: 9230:Robert Metcalfe 9085:Tim Berners-Lee 9033: 8853:Information Age 8725: 8720: 8690: 8685: 8651:Teleperformance 8531:Crédit Agricole 8477: 8470: 8459: 8457: 8422: 8414: 8409: 8395: 8377: 8365: 8297: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8129: 8090: 8089: 8086: 8081: 8080: 8070: 8068: 8066:Esports Insider 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8009: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7926: 7925: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7896: 7886: 7884: 7879: 7878: 7874: 7864: 7862: 7855:"Legal matters" 7853: 7852: 7848: 7838: 7836: 7829:"Legal matters" 7827: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7777: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7747: 7746: 7742: 7732: 7730: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7620: 7616: 7606: 7604: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7438: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7395: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7355: 7351: 7341: 7339: 7324: 7320: 7310: 7308: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7237: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7166: 7162: 7147: 7143: 7133: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7081: 7079: 7066: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6987:on 22 July 2015 6979: 6978: 6974: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6851: 6847: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6717:Romania Insider 6711: 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6520: 6519: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6337: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6263:on 23 June 2017 6255: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6233: 6232: 6228: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6182:on 25 July 2011 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6145: 6141: 6132: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6071: 6067: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5943:on 12 June 2008 5935: 5934: 5930: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 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Rapid TV News 5861: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5796:The Independent 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5759: 5755: 5744:The Independent 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5554: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5452:on 15 June 2013 5444: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5426:on 20 July 2020 5418: 5417: 5413: 5403: 5401: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5358:TheGuardian.com 5351: 5350: 5346: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5077:on 4 March 2016 5069: 5068: 5064: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5037:on 10 July 2017 5029: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4503:. 26 March 1996 4499: 4498: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4305: 4301: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4183: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4049: 3981: 3972: 3949: 3833:Ramon Fernandez 3808: 3665: 3656: 3637: 3615: 3610: 3568:State of Israel 3559: 3467: 3450: 3414: 3402: 3393: 3381: 3343: 3337: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3308: 3297:This article's 3293: 3289: 3282: 3262: 3249:Telekom Romania 3241: 3239:Telekom Romania 3229: 3209: 3194: 3178: 3159: 3133:. The producer 3118: 3112: 3092: 3086: 3066: 3060: 3052: 2878:United Kingdom 2613: 2597: 2577: 2561: 2555: 2538:As a result of 2513: 2511:Orange Business 2507: 2505:Orange Business 2493:most recently, 2464: 2451: 2446: 2433: 2424: 2422:Video on demand 2418: 2416:Video on demand 2370: 2349: 2343: 2324: 2314: 2241:in Belgium and 2234: 2228: 2215: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2129: 2127: 2118: 2096: 2094: 2085: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2030: 2028: 2019: 1999: 1997: 1988: 1964: 1962: 1953: 1929: 1927: 1918: 1896: 1894: 1861: 1845: 1843: 1834: 1818: 1816: 1807: 1791: 1789: 1780: 1766: 1764: 1755: 1741: 1739: 1730: 1716: 1714: 1705: 1689: 1687: 1678: 1664: 1662: 1653: 1637: 1635: 1626: 1610: 1608: 1599: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1560: 1558: 1549: 1535: 1533: 1524: 1510: 1508: 1499: 1485: 1483: 1474: 1458: 1456: 1447: 1433: 1431: 1422: 1408: 1406: 1397: 1383: 1381: 1372: 1356: 1354: 1345: 1329: 1327: 1318: 1304: 1302: 1293: 1279: 1277: 1268: 1254: 1252: 1243: 1229: 1227: 1218: 1202: 1200: 1191: 1176: 1174: 1146: 1139: 1132: 1117: 1112: 1092: 1005: 907: 797:holding company 773: 771: 768: 762: 734:stock exchanges 726: 711:holding company 687: 679:online ordering 630: 625: 561:[ɔʁɑ̃ʒ] 556: 546: 537: 527: 512: 490: 437:Orange Business 420: 390: 373: 360: 343: 328: 315: 274: 248: 238: 215: 213: 210: 208: 202: 200: 197: 178: 143: 100: 89: 83: 80: 61: 49: 45: 37: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10354: 10344: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10271: 10270: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10229: 10228: 10221: 10214: 10206: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10191: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10043: 10042: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10008: 9998:Liberty Global 9995: 9993:KT Corporation 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9951: 9941: 9936: 9935: 9934: 9924: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9842: 9841: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9811: 9810: 9803: 9796: 9788: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9765: 9755: 9745: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9725: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9683: 9677: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9616: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9538: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9500: 9498: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9463:Space-division 9459: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9425: 9424: 9423: 9413: 9408: 9402: 9400: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9386: 9376: 9375: 9374: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9342: 9336: 9334: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9300:Camille Tissot 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9275:Claude Shannon 9272: 9267: 9265:Tivadar Puskás 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9235:Antonio Meucci 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9205:Charles K. Kao 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9180:Harold Hopkins 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9080:Emile Berliner 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9019:Videotelephony 9016: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8994: 8987: 8982: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8922: 8917: 8915:Radiotelephone 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8881: 8880: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8801:Internet video 8793: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8735: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8719: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8456: 8455: 8448: 8441: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8357: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8328: 8323: 8321:Jordan Telecom 8312: 8305: 8303: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8278: 8277: 8276: 8268: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8242: 8237: 8234: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8165: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8085: 8084:External links 8082: 8079: 8078: 8052: 8031: 8019: 7993: 7967: 7941: 7919: 7894: 7872: 7861:on 29 May 2012 7846: 7820: 7798: 7784: 7766: 7740: 7712: 7698: 7670: 7659:. 30 June 2015 7642: 7614: 7603:. 30 June 2015 7588: 7577:. 30 June 2015 7560: 7532: 7506: 7480: 7468:Jerusalem Post 7454: 7429: 7416:Jerusalem Post 7403: 7378: 7349: 7318: 7292: 7264: 7246:Channel 4 News 7231: 7205: 7179: 7160: 7141: 7119: 7089: 7060: 7030: 6998: 6972: 6954: 6926: 6899: 6872: 6845: 6827: 6809: 6783: 6756: 6730: 6704: 6678: 6652: 6627: 6605: 6579: 6557: 6531: 6510: 6484: 6462: 6440: 6431: 6405: 6379: 6347: 6321: 6307: 6274: 6248: 6226: 6213: 6193: 6166: 6139: 6113: 6087: 6065: 6032: 6006: 5995:on 3 July 1997 5980: 5954: 5928: 5902: 5876: 5854: 5831: 5805: 5780: 5753: 5728: 5706: 5688: 5666: 5644: 5622: 5607: 5582: 5564: 5535: 5507: 5485: 5463: 5437: 5411: 5389: 5364: 5344: 5326: 5300: 5274: 5248: 5226: 5204: 5182: 5160: 5138: 5116: 5088: 5062: 5048: 5022: 4996: 4974: 4948: 4922: 4900: 4877: 4854: 4843:on 28 May 2013 4828: 4806: 4783: 4757: 4740: 4718: 4696: 4674: 4652: 4641:on 22 May 2013 4622: 4600: 4586: 4558: 4536: 4514: 4492: 4481:. 22 June 1999 4464: 4453:on 24 May 2013 4438: 4406: 4380: 4359: 4333: 4299: 4277: 4248: 4223: 4197: 4168: 4143: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4078: 4064: 4048: 4045: 4008:UEFA Euro 2016 4004:UEFA Euro 2012 3980: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3937:Paul de Leusse 3934: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3922: 3921:Alioune Ndiaye 3918: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897:Nicolas Guérin 3894: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3849:Fabienne Dulac 3846: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3764:Mouna Sepehri 3761: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706:Fabrice Jolys 3703: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3664: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3644: 3642:Didier Lombard 3636: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3558: 3555: 3532:Channel 4 News 3466: 3463: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3431: 3413: 3410: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3380: 3377: 3373:Didier Lombard 3336: 3335:Staff suicides 3333: 3330: 3329: 3296: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3261: 3258: 3240: 3237: 3228: 3225: 3208: 3205: 3193: 3190: 3177: 3174: 3158: 3155: 3111: 3108: 3088:Main article: 3085: 3082: 3062:Main article: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2922:United States 2920: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2744:IMT Atlantique 2740: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2699: 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1594: 1580: 1579: 1572: 1569: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1530: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1467: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1428: 1427: 1420: 1417: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1392: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1338: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1313: 1299: 1298: 1291: 1288: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1263: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1238: 1224: 1223: 1216: 1211: 1197: 1196: 1189: 1186: 1185:(headquarters) 1171: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1091: 1088: 1042:Naguib Sawiris 1033:Orange Austria 1021:Didier Lombard 1010:Orange Armenia 932:Orange Austria 906: 903: 899:Didier Lombard 890:Thierry Breton 852:Euronext Paris 828:EU regulations 793:United Kingdom 775:In July 1991, 769: 761: 758: 754:Telecom Italia 730:dot-com bubble 725: 722: 686: 683: 629: 626: 624: 621: 607:in 1994 after 605:United Kingdom 572:) is a French 570:france telecom 568:, stylised as 548: 547: 545: 544: 535: 524: 522: 518: 517: 514: 513: 511: 510: 504: 502: 496: 495: 492: 491: 489: 488: 482: 477: 471: 469:Orange Romania 466: 460: 455: 452:Orange Belgium 449: 444: 439: 433: 431: 425: 424: 423:132,002 (2021) 421: 418: 415: 414: 408: 404: 403: 395: 387: 386: 378: 370: 369: 361: 356: 353: 352: 344: 339: 336: 335: 321: 317: 316: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 282: 280: 276: 275: 273: 272: 262: 251: 249: 246: 243: 242: 239: 236: 233: 232: 226: 222: 221: 194: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 177: 176: 171: 165: 156: 150:Euronext Paris 146: 144: 139: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 102: 101: 72:external links 52: 50: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10353: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10321:French brands 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10238: 10234: 10227: 10222: 10220: 10215: 10213: 10208: 10207: 10204: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10041: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9949:Vodafone Idea 9947: 9946: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9933: 9930: 9929: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9888:China Telecom 9886: 9885: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9861:Bharti Airtel 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9835: 9834:América Móvil 9832: 9831: 9828: 9821: 9817: 9809: 9804: 9802: 9797: 9795: 9790: 9789: 9786: 9774: 9766: 9764: 9756: 9754: 9746: 9744: 9734: 9733: 9730: 9723: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9531: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9488:Code-division 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9473:Time-division 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9443: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399:and switching 9397: 9393: 9385: 9382: 9381: 9380: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9350:optical fiber 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9340:Coaxial cable 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9255:Radia Perlman 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9145:Lee de Forest 9143: 9141: 9140:Thomas Edison 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9130:Donald Davies 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9115:Claude Chappe 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8959:Smoke signals 8957: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8937:Semiconductor 8935: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8796:Digital media 8794: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8661:TotalEnergies 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8601:Pernod Ricard 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8501:ArcelorMittal 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8480: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8454: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8435: 8434: 8431: 8425: 8418: 8408: 8404: 8402: 8401:Controversies 8398: 8393: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8333:Korek Telecom 8331: 8327: 8326:Orange Jordan 8324: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302:Shareholdings 8300: 8294: 8293:Orange Marine 8291: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8227: 8224: 8221: 8218: 8216:Guinea-Bissau 8215: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8163: 8158: 8156: 8151: 8149: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8067: 8063: 8056: 8041: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8007: 8003: 7997: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7929: 7923: 7907: 7901: 7899: 7882: 7876: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7808: 7802: 7794: 7788: 7782:pp.307 et 308 7776: 7770: 7754: 7750: 7744: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7716: 7708: 7702: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7674: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7618: 7602: 7601:TeleGeography 7598: 7592: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7564: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7521: 7517: 7514:Surkes, Sue. 7510: 7495:. 4 June 2015 7494: 7490: 7484: 7469: 7465: 7458: 7442: 7436: 7434: 7418:. 4 June 2015 7417: 7413: 7407: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7322: 7307: 7303: 7296: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7268: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7235: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7164: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7145: 7129: 7123: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7002: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6798: 6797:The Innovator 6794: 6787: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6744: 6740: 6734: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6615: 6609: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6466: 6450: 6444: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6409: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6364: 6357: 6351: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6293: 6286: 6285: 6278: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6236: 6230: 6216: 6214:9780470746196 6210: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6181: 6177: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6125: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6076: 6069: 6051: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6020: 6016: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5915: 5914: 5906: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5864: 5858: 5842: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5732: 5716: 5710: 5698: 5692: 5676: 5670: 5654: 5648: 5632: 5626: 5617: 5611: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5552: 5548: 5539: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5495: 5489: 5473: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5399: 5393: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5236: 5230: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5186: 5170: 5164: 5148: 5142: 5126: 5120: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5092: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5058: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4984: 4978: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4910: 4904: 4888: 4881: 4865: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4816: 4810: 4794: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4750: 4744: 4728: 4722: 4706: 4700: 4684: 4678: 4662: 4656: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4610: 4604: 4596: 4590: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4546: 4540: 4524: 4518: 4502: 4496: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4423: 4416: 4410: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4369: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4295: 4288: 4285:Dilhac, J-M. 4281: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4253: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4187: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4065: 4062: 4061:France portal 4051: 4044: 4042: 4041:Team Vitality 4039:organisation 4038: 4033: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3953: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3889:Hugues Foulon 3888: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3780:Lucie Muniesa 3779: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3660: 3649: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3572: 3571:Reuven Rivlin 3569: 3565: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3397: 3388: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3326: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3280:Controversies 3277: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3233:Orange España 3224: 3223:515 million. 3222: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3201:cybersecurity 3199: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3055: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2919:San Francisco 2918: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2684:China Telecom 2682: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2641:standards or 2640: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2605:Viaccess Orca 2601: 2600:Viaccess Orca 2595:Viaccess Orca 2592: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2525:Massachusetts 2522: 2518: 2512: 2502: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2471:Orange Marine 2468: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2441: 2439: 2428: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2338: 2335: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2186:altice.com.do 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176:November 2017 2175: 2172: 2170: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143:November 2017 2142: 2139: 2137: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2120:partner.co.il 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110:February 2016 2109: 2106: 2104: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077:December 2015 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2006:Liechtenstein 1996: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980:February 2015 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1949:Vodafone Idea 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1501:orange.com.lr 1498: 1495: 1493: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1415:Guinea-Bissau 1405: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1339: 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