214:
155:
36:
167:. The central image represents forward gaze, and each image around it represents gaze in that direction (for example, in the upper left image, the patient looks up and right; the left eye is unable to accomplish this movement). The examination shows
241:
Internal ophthalmoplegia means involvement limited to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle. External ophthalmoplegia refers to involvement of only the extraocular muscles. Complete ophthalmoplegia indicates involvement of both.
2177:
547:
528:
454:
Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying condition. For example, in thiamine deficiency, treatment would be the immediate administration of vitamin B1.
1627:
1024:
1696:
1622:
636:
1644:
1639:
1464:
100:
72:
1504:
277:
1617:
79:
1612:
1499:
1066:
1367:
1227:
119:
53:
1332:
86:
1907:
1425:
1337:
17:
319:
1327:
1056:
57:
1420:
1311:
1177:
68:
1818:
1509:
1494:
337:
706:
664:
629:
1634:
1430:
1404:
1362:
1357:
1222:
1095:
1083:
1039:
402:. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as
1813:
1701:
1607:
1454:
1299:
1100:
1046:
446:
It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".
281:
213:
1352:
1323:
947:
912:
586:
315:
164:
398:
deficiency can cause ophthalmoparesis in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called
163:
Neuro-ophthalmologic examination showing ophthalmoplegia affecting the left eye in a patient with
1823:
1577:
1377:
897:
890:
440:
436:
399:
46:
2092:
2062:
1997:
1992:
1719:
997:
862:
622:
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354:
326:
288:
231:
93:
2035:
1711:
432:
330:
1679:
1808:
1394:
1389:
1347:
1162:
1078:
428:
250:
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:
8:
2113:
1987:
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1670:
1662:
1450:
1414:
1399:
1254:
1034:
814:
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484:
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1743:
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1306:
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1007:
992:
852:
801:
576:
572:
568:
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556:
341:
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Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the
2067:
1964:
1729:
1589:
1372:
1029:
935:
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365:
292:
202:
1855:
1845:
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1115:
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857:
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734:
347:
303:
180:
1922:
1886:
1850:
1469:
1294:
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1215:
1172:
1090:
902:
834:
754:
739:
591:
361:
307:
262:
184:
168:
2152:
2004:
1949:
1792:
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1271:
1241:
1187:
1141:
1012:
885:
819:
809:
311:
192:
188:
602:
541:
537:
2178:
Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction
2171:
2072:
1927:
1867:
1584:
1532:
1479:
1409:
1318:
1205:
1182:
1110:
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824:
729:
299:
207:
154:
614:
1937:
1765:
1146:
1061:
969:
847:
842:
787:
782:
376:
2136:
2087:
2030:
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1982:
1960:
1871:
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1782:
1760:
1572:
1544:
1342:
1210:
1051:
872:
749:
701:
648:
520:
2057:
2020:
1944:
1932:
1876:
1837:
1658:
1548:
907:
772:
2108:
2082:
1956:
1902:
1890:
1775:
1770:
1755:
1751:
1289:
987:
964:
777:
724:
719:
696:
403:
265:
of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in
254:
Infection around the eye. Ophthalmoplegia is an important finding in
235:
172:
329:
of these nerves, as in certain patterns of brainstem stroke such as
226:
refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more
35:
2147:
1912:
1446:
1249:
880:
395:
350:
1974:
1917:
1459:
1266:
1197:
1167:
1157:
764:
463:
176:
2077:
979:
956:
676:
532:
384:
369:
273:
2049:
388:
380:
175:(outward deviation) of the primary look of the left eye, and
1129:
691:
510:
1678:
336:White matter tracts connecting these nuclei, as in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1623:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
2169:
644:
630:
1697:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
27:Weakness or paralysis of extraocular muscles
1025:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
684:
637:
623:
485:"Orbital Cellulitis Clinical Presentation"
212:
153:
238:, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
14:
2170:
482:
234:. It is a physical finding in certain
2134:
1530:
933:
662:
618:
1505:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
278:progressive external ophthalmoplegia
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1628:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
1465:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
406:, can also cause ophthalmoparesis.
24:
1500:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
25:
2189:
1228:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
506:
414:
1333:Central retinal artery occlusion
34:
1338:Branch retinal artery occlusion
1067:Terrien's marginal degeneration
45:needs additional citations for
2135:
1368:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
1328:Central retinal vein occlusion
1057:Pellucid marginal degeneration
476:
13:
1:
1421:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
1312:Posterior vitreous detachment
1178:Persistent pupillary membrane
469:
1908:Leber's congenital amaurosis
1819:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
1531:
1510:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
1495:Persistent fetal vasculature
1426:Leber's congenital amaurosis
449:
409:
338:internuclear ophthalmoplegia
320:raised intracranial pressure
7:
707:Meibomian gland dysfunction
457:
340:, an occasional finding in
10:
2194:
1431:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
1405:Central serous retinopathy
1223:Focal choroidal excavation
1096:Corneal neovascularization
913:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
663:
230:which are responsible for
2143:
2130:
2101:
2048:
2013:
1973:
1898:
1885:
1836:
1814:Convergence insufficiency
1801:
1742:
1710:
1687:
1657:
1598:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1526:
1455:Primary juvenile glaucoma
1439:
1300:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
1280:
1240:
1196:
1137:
1128:
978:
955:
946:
942:
934:
929:
871:
833:
800:
763:
715:
675:
671:
658:
649:Diseases of the human eye
514:
245:
201:
161:
152:
142:
137:
1324:Ocular ischemic syndrome
441:superior oblique muscles
316:cavernous sinus syndrome
1824:One and a half syndrome
1578:Foster Kennedy syndrome
400:Wernicke encephalopathy
2063:Argyll Robertson pupil
863:Periorbital cellulitis
289:neuromuscular junction
2036:Scintillating scotoma
1702:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
1645:Toxic and nutritional
1618:posterior (PION)
1101:Kayser–Fleischer ring
360:Certain parts of the
282:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
1809:Conjugate gaze palsy
1680:Paralytic strabismus
1613:anterior (AION)
1395:Retinitis pigmentosa
1390:Macular degeneration
1163:Intermediate uveitis
1079:Keratoconjunctivitis
483:Harrington, John N.
171:of the left eyelid,
165:Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
54:improve this article
2114:Childhood blindness
2093:Parinaud's syndrome
1663:Extraocular muscles
1451:Ocular hypertension
1415:Epiretinal membrane
1400:Retinal haemorrhage
1255:Congenital cataract
355:Parinaud's syndrome
228:extraocular muscles
1640:Leber's hereditary
1307:Retinal detachment
1260:Childhood cataract
1072:Post-LASIK ectasia
853:Orbital cellulitis
802:Lacrimal apparatus
366:frontal eye fields
353:structures, as in
342:multiple sclerosis
331:Foville's syndrome
302:(specifically the
256:orbital cellulitis
185:fourth (trochlear)
181:third (oculomotor)
179:(weakness) of the
69:"Ophthalmoparesis"
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2068:Marcus Gunn pupil
2044:
2043:
1965:Visual impairment
1832:
1831:
1738:
1737:
1725:Fourth-nerve (IV)
1653:
1652:
1590:Optic disc drusen
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1236:
1235:
1124:
1123:
1030:Corneal dystrophy
925:
924:
921:
920:
796:
795:
612:
611:
293:myasthenia gravis
221:
220:
132:Medical condition
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2185:
2132:
2131:
1896:
1895:
1887:Vision disorders
1846:Refractive error
1788:Brown's syndrome
1744:Other strabismus
1730:Sixth-nerve (VI)
1720:Oculomotor (III)
1692:Ophthalmoparesis
1685:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1667:Binocular vision
1600:Optic neuropathy
1566:optic papillitis
1554:
1553:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1527:
1417:(Macular pucker)
1135:
1134:
1116:Band keratopathy
953:
952:
944:
943:
931:
930:
858:Orbital lymphoma
745:Blepharophimosis
735:Blepharochalasis
682:
681:
673:
672:
660:
659:
639:
632:
625:
616:
615:
512:
511:
500:
499:
497:
495:
480:
437:inferior oblique
224:Ophthalmoparesis
217:
216:
189:sixth (abducens)
157:
138:Ophthalmoparesis
135:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2139:
2118:
2097:
2040:
2009:
1969:
1923:Color blindness
1889:
1881:
1828:
1802:Other binocular
1797:
1734:
1706:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1649:
1594:
1547:
1535:
1514:
1470:Ocular hypotony
1435:
1295:Chorioretinitis
1276:
1232:
1216:Chorioretinitis
1192:
1173:Rubeosis iridis
1151:
1120:
1091:Corneal opacity
1047:Corneal ectasia
974:
938:
917:
903:Pseudopterygium
867:
829:
792:
759:
755:Ankyloblepharon
711:
667:
654:
653:
643:
613:
608:
607:
523:
509:
504:
503:
493:
491:
481:
477:
472:
460:
452:
417:
412:
364:(including the
362:cerebral cortex
267:Graves' disease
248:
211:
197:
196:
147:Ophthalmoplegia
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ophthalmoplegia
15:
12:
11:
5:
2191:
2181:
2180:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2153:Onchocerciasis
2150:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2005:Quadrantanopia
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1950:Oguchi disease
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1793:Duane syndrome
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1561:Optic neuritis
1557:
1551:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Phthisis bulbi
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1373:Coats' disease
1370:
1365:
1363:of prematurity
1360:
1355:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1272:Ectopia lentis
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1130:Vascular tunic
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1013:Photokeratitis
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
984:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
961:
959:
950:
940:
939:
927:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
886:Conjunctivitis
883:
877:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
839:
837:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
820:Dacryocystitis
817:
812:
810:Dacryoadenitis
806:
804:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
769:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
716:
713:
712:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
688:
686:
679:
669:
668:
656:
655:
652:
651:
645:
642:
641:
634:
627:
619:
610:
609:
606:
605:
594:
583:
544:
524:
519:
518:
516:
515:Classification
508:
507:External links
505:
502:
501:
474:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
459:
456:
451:
448:
425:inferior recti
421:superior recti
416:
415:Classification
413:
411:
408:
393:
392:
373:
358:
345:
334:
325:The brainstem
323:
300:cranial nerves
296:
285:
270:
259:
247:
244:
219:
218:
205:
199:
198:
193:cranial nerves
162:
159:
158:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
131:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2190:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:Adie syndrome
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Achromatopsia
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:Anisometropia
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Accommodation
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Optic atrophy
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:Keratomycosis
1483:
1481:
1480:Globe rupture
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Macular edema
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
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1206:Choroideremia
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1111:Arcus senilis
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1106:Haab's striae
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1020:Corneal ulcer
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948:Fibrous tunic
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825:Xerophthalmia
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730:Lagophthalmos
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298:The relevant
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232:eye movements
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208:Ophthalmology
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1963: /
1959: /
1938:Monochromacy
1870: /
1766:Heterophoria
1754: /
1691:
1453: /
1449: /
1353:hypertensive
1326: /
1147:Ciliary body
1062:Keratoglobus
970:Episcleritis
848:Enophthalmos
843:Exophthalmos
788:Trichomegaly
783:Distichiasis
685:Inflammation
596:
585:
546:
527:
492:. Retrieved
488:
478:
453:
445:
429:medial recti
418:
394:
377:envenomation
249:
240:
223:
222:
146:
116:
110:October 2014
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2088:Cycloplegia
2031:Photophobia
2026:Hemeralopia
1983:Hemianopsia
1961:Vision loss
1872:Aniseikonia
1863:Astigmatism
1783:Cyclotropia
1761:Hypertropia
1573:Papilledema
1545:Optic nerve
1378:Sickle cell
1358:Purtscher's
1343:Retinopathy
1211:Choroiditis
1052:Keratoconus
873:Conjunctiva
750:Xanthelasma
702:Blepharitis
143:Other names
2137:Infections
2058:Anisocoria
2021:Asthenopia
2014:subjective
1998:homonymous
1993:bitemporal
1945:Nyctalopia
1933:Dichromacy
1877:Presbyopia
1838:Refraction
1659:Strabismus
1549:Optic disc
908:Pinguecula
773:Trichiasis
598:DiseasesDB
494:31 October
470:References
304:oculomotor
236:neurologic
80:newspapers
2109:Nystagmus
2083:Mydriasis
1957:Blindness
1903:Amblyopia
1891:Blindness
1851:Hyperopia
1776:Exophoria
1771:Esophoria
1756:Exotropia
1752:Esotropia
1290:Retinitis
988:Keratitis
965:Scleritis
898:Pterygium
778:Madarosis
725:Ectropion
720:Entropion
697:Chalazion
450:Treatment
410:Diagnosis
404:phenytoin
368:), as in
314:), as in
308:trochlear
203:Specialty
173:exotropia
2172:Category
2148:Trachoma
1913:Diplopia
1608:Ischemic
1533:Pathways
1447:Glaucoma
1348:diabetic
1250:Cataract
1188:Synechia
1040:Meesmann
1008:Exposure
993:herpetic
891:allergic
881:Chemosis
815:Epiphora
489:Medscape
458:See also
396:Thiamine
351:midbrain
312:abducens
291:, as in
276:, as in
1988:binasal
1975:Anopsia
1918:Scotoma
1712:palsies
1475:Red eye
1460:Floater
1267:Aphakia
1198:Choroid
1168:Hyphema
1158:Uveitis
765:Eyelash
592:D009886
464:Paresis
385:taipans
177:paresis
94:scholar
2078:Miosis
1856:Myopia
1635:Kjer's
1383:photic
1282:Retina
1035:Fuchs'
1003:fungal
980:Cornea
957:Sclera
740:Ptosis
677:Eyelid
665:Adnexa
577:378.86
573:378.72
569:378.56
565:378.55
561:376.22
557:367.52
389:kraits
387:, and
381:mambas
375:Toxic
370:stroke
348:Dorsal
327:nuclei
310:, and
274:muscle
246:Causes
210:
169:ptosis
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2102:Other
2050:Pupil
1440:Other
1084:sicca
936:Globe
835:Orbit
581:378.9
542:H49.4
538:H49.3
263:orbit
191:left
101:JSTOR
87:books
1242:Lens
1142:Iris
692:Stye
603:9240
587:MeSH
552:9-CM
496:2014
439:and
287:The
272:The
261:The
187:and
73:news
548:ICD
529:ICD
379:by
318:or
280:or
56:by
2174::
601::
590::
579:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
555::
536::
533:10
487:.
443:.
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
383:,
306:,
183:,
638:e
631:t
624:v
550:-
540:-
531:-
521:D
498:.
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344:.
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295:.
284:.
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123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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