298:(DDPP) is seeking to improve its modelling methodologies, a key motivation being "the intertwined goals of transparency, communicability and policy credibility." A 2016 paper argues that model-based energy scenario studies, wishing to influence decision-makers in government and industry, must become more comprehensible and more transparent. To these ends, the paper provides a checklist of transparency criteria that should be completed by modelers. The authors note however that they "consider open source approaches to be an extreme case of transparency that does not automatically facilitate the comprehensibility of studies for policy advice." An editorial from 2016 opines that closed energy models providing public policy support "are inconsistent with the open access movement publically [
338:
2845:
2808:
2767:
2347:
2282:
2221:
2104:
1807:
37:
3158:
3148:
304:] funded research". A 2017 paper lists the benefits of open data and models and the reasons that many projects nonetheless remain closed. The paper makes a number of recommendations for projects wishing to transition to a more open approach. The authors also conclude that, in terms of openness, energy research has lagged behind other fields, most notably physics, biotechnology, and medicine. Moreover:
308:
Given the importance of rapid global coordinated action on climate mitigation and the clear benefits of shared research efforts and transparently reproducible policy analysis, openness in energy research should not be for the sake of having some code or data available on a website, but as an initial
293:
to enable third-parties to run and check specific models. Another 2014 study argues that the public trust needed to underpin a rapid transition in energy systems can only be built through the use of transparent open-source energy models. The UK TIMES project (UKTM) is open source, according to a
284:
analysis and advice to be made public in the interests of transparency and quality. A 2010 paper concerning energy efficiency modeling argues that "an open peer review process can greatly support model verification and validation, which are essential for model development". One 2012 study argues
1321:
Howells, Mark; Rogner, Holger; Strachan, Neil; Heaps, Charles; Huntington, Hillard; Kypreos, Socrates; Hughes, Alison; Silveira, Semida; DeCarolis, Joe; Bazilian, Morgan; Roehrl, Alexander (2011). "OSeMOSYS: the open source energy modeling system : an introduction to its ethos, structure and
383:
have not helped because the associated information is normally licensed to preclude downstream usage. Recent transparency measures include the 2013 European energy market transparency regulation 543/2013 and a 2016 amendment to the German Energy
Industry Act to establish a nation
252:
Just two active open energy modelling projects were cited in a 2011 paper: OSeMOSYS and TEMOA. Balmorel was also public at that time, having been made available on a website in 2001. As of
November 2016, the openmod wiki lists 24 such undertakings. As of October 2021, the Open Energy
2361:
294:
2014 presentation, because "energy modelling must be replicable and verifiable to be considered part of the scientific process" and because this fits with the "drive towards clarity and quality assurance in the provision of policy insights". In 2016, the
439:
announced that "all scientific articles in Europe must be freely accessible as of 2020". This is a step in the right direction, but the new policy makes no mention of open software and its importance to the scientific process. In August 2016, the
456:(DOE) is participating in the program. The project is hosted on a dedicated website and subject to a three-year pilot. Open-source campaigners are using the initiative to advocate that European governments adopt similar practices. In 2017 the
1429:
2368:
219:
for research and policy advice. The Open Energy
Modelling Initiative documents a variety of open-source energy models and addresses practical and conceptual issues regarding their development and application. The initiative runs an
1645:
Wiese, Frauke; Bökenkamp, Gesine; Wingenbach, Clemens; Hohmeyer, Olav (2014). "An open source energy system simulation model as an instrument for public participation in the development of strategies for a sustainable future".
2003:"Commission Regulation (EU) No 543/2013 of 14 June 2013 on submission and publication of data in electricity markets and amending Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council"
407:. The document provides a comprehensive account of the data issues faced by researchers engaged in open energy system modeling and energy market analysis and quoted extensively from a German legal opinion.
410:
In May 2020, participants from the Open Energy
Modelling Initiative made a further submission on the European strategy for data. In mid‑2021, participants made two written submissions on a proposed
2148:
Communication from the
Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: a European strategy for data — COM (2020) 66 final
1448:
1341:
2425:
Federal Source Code Policy: Achieving
Efficiency, Transparency, and Innovation through Reusable and Open Source Software — Memorandum for the Heads of Departments and Agencies — M-16-21
273:
techniques to develop robust energy analysis tools". The paper claims that these techniques can produce high-quality results and are particularly relevant for developing countries.
609:
574:
2667:
423:(EEA). More specifically, the two Data Act submissions drew attention to restrictive but nonetheless compliant public disclosure reporting practices deployed by the
2432:
379:. But most published energy datasets carry proprietary licenses, limiting their reuse in numerical and statistical models, open or otherwise. Measures to enforce
1379:
Bazilian, Morgan; Rice, Andrew; Rotich, Juliana; Howells, Mark; DeCarolis, Joseph; Macmillan, Stuart; Brooks, Cameron; Bauer, Florian; Liebreich, Michael (2012).
3194:
1380:
341:
Diagram depicting an open analysis workflow prepared by Stefen
Pfenninger for the first Open Energy Modelling Initiative meeting in Berlin, Germany held 18–19
3668:
2049:
353:
remain at the forefront with regard to open energy data. Most energy datasets are collated and published by official or semi-official sources, for example,
3910:
901:
309:
step towards fundamentally better ways to both conduct our research and engage decision-makers with models and the assumptions embedded within them.
2952:
2069:
2338:
2273:
2212:
2096:
2394:
319:
from 2017 advances the case for using open energy data and modeling to build public trust in policy analysis. The article also argues that
2494:
1563:
395:
In
December 2017, participants from the Open Energy Modelling Initiative and allied research communities made a written submission to the
3187:
448:
policy which mandates that at least 20% of custom source code developed by or for any agency of the federal government be released as
2919:
2880:
2146:
676:
441:
1938:
244:
to energy modelling dates back to around 2003. This section provides some background for the growing interest in open methods.
3180:
551:
2027:
1442:
295:
2550:"EU: Climate-proof grids require more transparency > 'Black-box' US energy planning hinders renewable energy development"
1706:. Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP) Workshop, Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Copenhagen, Denmark
775:
2423:
476:. The position paper focuses on open data and open data processing and the question of open modeling is not traversed per
3010:
1698:
2523:
Position paper for the endorsement of free software and open standards in
Horizon 2020 and all publicly-funded research
2002:
453:
3823:
2709:
2688:
204:
modellers from universities and research institutes across Europe and elsewhere. The initiative promotes the use of
2584:
1110:
The first workshop was held on 18–19 September 2014 and the first posting to the openmod mailing list occurred on 4
659:
241:
3076:
2947:
2237:
Submission on a proposed Data Act for the
European Union from the perspective of energy system analysis — Release
1063:
457:
2521:
1772:
Cao, Karl-Kiên; Cebulla, Felix; Gómez Vilchez, Jonatan J; Mousavi, Babak; Prehofer, Sigrid (28 September 2016).
3915:
698:
464:
calling for free software and open standards to be central to European science funding, including the flagship
2296:
2235:
2174:
2071:
Submission on the re-use of public sector information: with an emphasis on energy system datasets — Release 09
1700:
Redefining the energy modelling-policy interface: developing a fully open source UK TIMES model — Presentation
3900:
3772:
3501:
3230:
2912:
1144:
622:
323:
have a responsibility to require that data and code be submitted alongside text for scrutiny, currently only
3828:
2989:
2613:
1090:
501:
488:
A trend evident by 2023 is the adoption of regulators within the European Union and North America. Fairley
358:
21:
2520:
Gkotsopoulou, Olga; Albers, Erik; Di Cosmo, Roberto; Malaja, Polina; Sanjurjo, Fernando (5 January 2017).
3890:
3056:
2298:
Submission on a proposed Data Act for the European Union from the perspective of energy system analysis /
1123:
NEMO was also under development in 2011 but it is unclear whether its codebase was public at that point.
3850:
3838:
3813:
3430:
389:
325:
1878:
Pfenninger, Stefan; DeCarolis, Joseph; Hirth, Lion; Quoilin, Sylvain; Staffell, Iain (February 2017).
3885:
3638:
3628:
3445:
3151:
3025:
2994:
1074:
497:
412:
404:
17:
2844:
2807:
2766:
2346:
2281:
2220:
2103:
1806:
269:
This 2012 paper presents the case for using "open, publicly accessible software and data as well as
3808:
3623:
3536:
2905:
1218:
424:
370:
1727:"Improving deep decarbonization modelling capacity for developed and developing country contexts"
596:
512:
The Open Energy Modelling Initiative participants take turns to host regular academic workshops.
221:
3905:
3895:
3757:
3747:
3648:
3598:
3481:
3161:
2861:[Energy data for all — project "Open Power System Data" started at the EUF] (in German)
2731:
2176:
Submission on a European strategy for data with an emphasis on energy sector datasets — Release
2038: of 13 October 2016. p. 115–116. Einrichtung einer nationalen Informationsplattform .
1620:
939:
876:
851:
821:
420:
3925:
3803:
3752:
3389:
3302:
3266:
3203:
3128:
1475:"Evaluating energy efficiency policies with energy-economy models — Report number LBNL-3862E"
648:
380:
2367:(Press release). The Netherlands: Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. Archived from
3541:
3524:
3519:
3512:
1953:
1891:
1833:
1738:
1655:
1588:
1522:
1395:
1185:
1085:
449:
205:
2549:
2431:. Washington DC, USA: Office of Budget and Management, Executive Office of the President.
1539:
1491:
337:
8:
3930:
3833:
3767:
3653:
3404:
3240:
3015:
2468:"The People's Code: Unlock the tremendous potential of the Federal Government's software"
1150:
Introductory video on the Open Energy Outlook (OEO) project specific to the United States
934:
396:
354:
1957:
1895:
1837:
1742:
1659:
1592:
1399:
36:
3920:
3689:
3470:
3347:
3251:
3051:
2332:
2267:
2206:
2118:
2090:
1977:
1857:
1754:
1679:
1612:
1578:
1340:
The misspelling of Morgan Bazillian has been corrected in this citation. ResearchGate
1228:
362:
3845:
3699:
3643:
3342:
3312:
3030:
2747:
2557:
1969:
1919:
1861:
1849:
1795:
1774:"Raising awareness in model-based energy scenario studies — a transparency checklist"
1683:
1671:
1604:
1544:
1496:
1474:
1438:
888:
863:
833:
750:
171:
1758:
1616:
3855:
3709:
3704:
3618:
3394:
3102:
3097:
2739:
2313:
2248:
2187:
1981:
1961:
1909:
1899:
1841:
1785:
1746:
1663:
1596:
1534:
1486:
1403:
1331:
781:
366:
320:
315:
2883:[Open platform makes energy data available] (in German). 14 September 2015
1750:
1215:– a collaborative versioned database for storing open energy system model datasets
3694:
3684:
3593:
3577:
3562:
3474:
3440:
3435:
3399:
3287:
3107:
3066:
3035:
3020:
2928:
1354:
1180:
1081:
1052:
663:
416:
290:
216:
151:
3172:
1904:
1879:
1600:
1521:
Mundaca, Luis; Neij, Lena; Worrell, Ernst; McNeil, Michael A (22 October 2010).
1407:
1335:
1200:
1170:
983:
The Open Energy Modelling Initiative also holds occasional specialist meetings.
3425:
3352:
3092:
2859:"Energiedaten für alle – Projekt "Open Power System Data" an der EUF gestartet"
1296:
1093:– database projects which collect, clean, and republish energy-related datasets
465:
461:
436:
225:
2822:
2781:
2395:"There is no open science without the use of open standards and free software"
1880:"The importance of open data and software: is energy research lagging behind?"
1790:
1773:
1473:
Mundaca, Luis; Neij, Lena; Worrell, Ernst; McNeil, Michael A (1 August 2010).
1020:
3879:
3729:
3572:
3507:
3465:
3307:
3235:
3071:
3061:
2751:
2561:
1923:
1853:
1799:
1675:
1608:
1548:
1078:
1057:
1047:
799:
493:
376:
365:. The doctrine of open data requires that these datasets be available under
281:
270:
213:
201:
2786:. London, United Kingdom: Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London
1845:
289:
and datasets used in such models should be placed under publicly accessible
232:
and hosts occasional academic workshops. A statement of aims is available.
3762:
3724:
3658:
3557:
3357:
3337:
3292:
3207:
2317:
2252:
2191:
1973:
1914:
1431:
Consulting with energy scenarios: requirements for scientific policy advice
469:
1564:"The case for repeatable analysis with energy economy optimization models"
1437:. Berlin, Germany: acatech — National Academy of Science and Engineering.
1221:– a semantic wiki-site and database covering energy systems data worldwide
3782:
3719:
3714:
3567:
3531:
3409:
3297:
3256:
3112:
445:
286:
1190:
644:
2800:
00:11:42. Presentation to Climate forecasting for energy workshop on 4
2743:
724:
197:
2858:
1821:
1726:
1500:
1237:– triggered by the work of the Open Energy Modelling Initiative
3777:
3362:
2495:"New US government source code policy could provide model for Europe"
1667:
1276:
1269:– a scientific project modeling sustainable energy futures for Europe
1234:
1069:
907:
392:, irrespective of the copyright status of the information they hold.
350:
209:
119:
2646:
2068:
Morrison, Robbie; Brown, Tom; De Felice, Matteo (10 December 2017).
1965:
3860:
3261:
1583:
1212:
965:
2897:
2585:"CER — Appendix 3: Overview of the energy futures modeling system"
2362:"All European scientific articles to be freely accessible by 2020"
1523:"Evaluating energy efficiency policies with energy-economy models"
1165:
1066:– a non-profit organization advocating for free software in Europe
3787:
3271:
610:
Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
388:
July 2017. Energy databases may also be protected under general
277:
2519:
1644:
483:
105:
3317:
2973:
2968:
2942:
1877:
1820:
Strachan, Neil; Fais, Birgit; Daly, Hannah (29 February 2016).
1697:
Strachan, Neil; Fais, Birgit; Daly, Hannah (18 November 2014).
911:
755:
2783:
Open energy system modelling for climate scientists and others
1771:
1427:
1253:
1195:
419:
business-to-government (B2G) information transfers within the
2824:
An Open Energy Outlook for the United States powered by TEMOA
2738:. Hannover, Germany: Leibniz Research Alliance Open Science.
2450:
1562:
DeCarolis, Joseph F; Hunter, Kevin; Sreepathi, Sarat (2012).
1256:– an open modelling community for acoustic and music software
1175:
415:— legislative work-in-progress intended primarily to improve
82:
Promote open-source energy models and open energy sector data
2626:(in German). Berlin, Germany: Neon Neue Energieökonomik GmbH
2576:
1381:"Open source software and crowdsourcing for energy analysis"
1143:
Introductory video on open energy system modeling using the
496:
publication, provides an overview. And as one example, the
135:
3663:
1224:
229:
2120:
Legal aspects of European electricity data — Legal opinion
1320:
1272:
1201:
Open Energy Modelling Initiative manifesto written in 2014
2841:
Duration 00:15:16. Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 license.
2639:
2529:. Berlin, Germany: Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE)
2234:
Morrison, Robbie (25 June 2021). Morrison, Robbie (ed.).
1378:
1227:– a wiki-based collaborative knowledge exchange covering
1060:– the interpretation of the energy sector in system terms
300:
2173:
Morrison, Robbie (30 May 2020). Morrison, Robbie (ed.).
2138:
1561:
1520:
1472:
1266:
1240:
720:
329:
makes this practice mandatory within the energy domain.
2582:
1873:
1871:
1648:
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment
746:
2689:"Open Energy Modelling Workshop — KTH, Stockholm 2016"
2513:
2417:
2415:
2067:
1995:
276:
There is an increasing call for the energy models and
1718:
1868:
902:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
20:. For a review of open energy system databases, see
2467:
2412:
2144:
1822:"Reinventing the energy modelling–policy interface"
1181:
Open Energy Modelling Initiative email list archive
1140:
R open science blog on the openmod community
1032:
2061:
1813:
1690:
1347:
563:establishment meeting with 28 participants
384:energy information platform, slated to launch on 1
247:
3202:
2710:"Open Energy Modelling Workshop — Frankfurt 2017"
1555:
1514:
1466:
1428:acatech; Lepoldina; Akademienunion, eds. (2016).
1372:
1176:Open Energy Modelling Initiative discussion forum
332:
3877:
2881:"Offene Plattform macht Energiedaten zugänglich"
2873:
2660:
2460:
1819:
1696:
1421:
1314:
1289:
1186:Open Energy Modelling Initiative YouTube channel
1930:
1638:
1191:Open Energy Modelling Initiative GitHub account
16:For a review of open energy system models, see
2814:
2615:Workshop zur offenen Energiesystemmodellierung
2288:
2227:
2021:
3188:
2913:
2723:
2702:
2681:
2607:
2605:
2353:
2166:
1765:
1196:Open Energy Modelling Initiative twitter feed
484:Adoption by regulators and industry generally
2773:
2541:
2041:
2030:
1939:"Energy scientists must show their workings"
1297:"openmod — Open Energy Modelling Initiative"
3911:Free and open-source software organizations
2422:Scott, Tony; Rung, Anne E (8 August 2016).
2386:
2110:
1724:
3195:
3181:
2920:
2906:
2732:"An open energy system modeling community"
2636:Date from PDF metadata. Workshop program.
2602:
2337:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2272:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2211:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2095:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2051:Energy databases: protection and licensing
1936:
1527:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
1479:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
35:
2820:
2421:
1913:
1903:
1789:
1582:
1538:
1490:
1104:
2729:
2583:Canada Energy Regulator (19 June 2023).
2486:
2359:
2294:
2233:
2172:
2154:. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission
2145:European Commission (19 February 2020).
1166:Open Energy Modelling Initiative website
677:Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
430:
336:
2780:Hilbers, Adriaan P (19 December 2020).
2779:
2547:
2047:
1937:Pfenninger, Stefan (23 February 2017).
1021:Climate forecasting for energy workshop
3878:
2392:
2116:
2057:. Berlin, Germany: JBB Rechtsanwaelte.
2007:Official Journal of the European Union
264:
74:Internet-based with periodic workshops
3176:
2901:
2763:Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 license.
2730:Morrison, Robbie (20 November 2019).
2611:
2343:Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 license.
2295:Morrison, Robbie (3 September 2021).
2278:Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 license.
2217:Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 license.
1540:10.1146/annurev-environ-052810-164840
1492:10.1146/annurev-environ-052810-164840
1171:Open Energy Modelling Initiative wiki
296:Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project
3796:
2620:Open energy system modeling workshop
2438:from the original on 21 January 2017
2126:. Berlin, Germany: JBB Rechtsanwälte
1725:Pye, Steve; Bataille, Chris (2016).
1243:– a US-based open energy data portal
776:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
3011:Climate change mitigation scenarios
2927:
2851:
2821:DeCarolis, Joe (24 December 2020).
2492:
257:open energy frameworks and about 50
13:
2827:. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: NC
2048:Boecker, Lina (21 November 2016).
1778:Energy, Sustainability and Society
1130:
14:
3942:
2612:Hirth, Lion (18 September 2014).
2360:Hendrikx, Michiel (27 May 2016).
1154:
623:KTH Royal Institute of Technology
3157:
3156:
3147:
3146:
2843:
2806:
2765:
2668:"Open Energy Modelling Workshop"
2345:
2280:
2219:
2102:
1805:
1359:Open Energy Modelling Initiative
1301:Open Energy Modelling Initiative
822:2020 mini‑workshop series
504:framework for systems analysis.
190:Open Energy Modelling Initiative
30:Open Energy Modelling Initiative
3077:Integrated assessment modelling
2548:Fairley, Peter (27 June 2023).
2493:New, William (22 August 2016).
1064:Free Software Foundation Europe
458:Free Software Foundation Europe
248:Growth in open energy modelling
1235:Open Power System Data project
1231:topics in developing countries
1117:
699:Technical University of Munich
333:Copyright and open energy data
1:
3773:Open-source software movement
3502:Free and open-source software
3231:Commons-based peer production
2117:Jaeger, Till (24 July 2017).
1751:10.1080/14693062.2016.1173004
1283:
1147:language as an example
359:transmission system operators
2990:Open energy system databases
2393:Albers, Erik (2 June 2016).
1091:Open energy system databases
507:
363:electricity market operators
313:A one-page opinion piece in
22:open energy system databases
7:
3057:Electric power transmission
2499:Intellectual Property Watch
2448:Also available as HTML at:
2009:(L 163): 1–12. 15 June 2013
1905:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.11.046
1601:10.1016/j.eneco.2012.07.004
1408:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.032
1336:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.033
1041:
355:national statistics offices
10:
3947:
3851:Open educational resources
935:Stanford University Campus
235:
15:
3738:
3677:
3639:Open Knowledge Foundation
3629:Open Architecture Network
3611:
3586:
3550:
3494:
3458:
3446:Open-door academic policy
3418:
3382:
3373:
3328:
3280:
3223:
3214:
3142:
3121:
3085:
3044:
3026:Mathematical optimization
3003:
2995:Open energy system models
2982:
2961:
2935:
1791:10.1186/s13705-016-0090-z
1075:Open energy system models
877:2022 mini‑workshop
852:2021 mini‑workshop
747:Department of Engineering
405:public sector information
86:
78:
70:
51:
43:
34:
18:open energy system models
3624:Free Software Foundation
3537:Open-source architecture
2032:Energiewirtschaftsgesetz
1097:
1031:joint organization with
444:announced a new federal
442:United States government
425:European Energy Exchange
57: (10 years ago)
3587:Politics and governance
1846:10.1038/nenergy.2016.12
597:Imperial College London
498:Canada Energy Regulator
492:(2023), writing in the
454:US Department of Energy
242:open-source development
3758:Free software movement
3649:Open Source Initiative
3599:Open-source governance
3482:Open-source journalism
2318:10.5281/zenodo.5471077
2253:10.5281/zenodo.5032198
2192:10.5281/zenodo.5534387
2031:
1279:energy data for Europe
1275:– a project exploring
940:San Francisco Bay Area
421:European Economic Area
346:
311:
3916:Mathematical modeling
3763:Open science movement
3753:Free-culture movement
3431:Educational resources
3390:Collaborative writing
3267:Participatory culture
3129:Energy Modeling Forum
2647:"OSeMOSYS Newsletter"
2501:. Geneva, Switzerland
649:Politecnico di Milano
593:10–11 September 2015
431:Public policy support
340:
306:
3901:Energy organizations
3542:Open-source hardware
3520:Open-design movement
3513:Open-source software
3281:Research and science
2589:Government of Canada
1213:Open Energy Platform
987:Specialist meetings
931:13–14 November 2023
818:March thru May 2020
810:circa 190 attendees
771:18–19 September 2019
721:Climate Policy Group
662:12 July 2016 at the
645:Department of Energy
608:in association with
547:18–19 September 2014
450:open-source software
261:open energy models.
206:open-source software
178:/@openmod-initiative
3824:Free Cultural Works
3768:Open Source Ecology
3654:Open Web Foundation
3551:Economic principles
3508:Free/libre software
3405:Participatory media
3016:Computer simulation
2312:. Berlin, Germany.
2247:. Berlin, Germany.
2186:. Berlin, Germany.
1958:2017Natur.542..393P
1896:2017EnPol.101..211P
1838:2016NatEn...116012S
1743:2016CliPo..16S..27P
1660:2014WIREE...3..490W
1593:2012EneEc..34.1845D
1454:on 21 December 2016
1400:2012EnPol..49..149B
1254:soundsoftware.ac.uk
1248:Similar initiatives
988:
796:15–17 January 2020
695:12–13 October 2017
641:27–28 October 2016
517:
397:European Commission
381:market transparency
349:Issues surrounding
321:scientific journals
265:Academic literature
240:The application of
160:/openmod-initiative
122:.openmod-initiative
55:September 2014
31:
3891:Energy development
3690:Alexandra Elbakyan
3634:Openmod Initiative
3471:Citizen journalism
3348:Open communication
3329:Data, information,
3252:Open collaboration
3134:openmod initiative
3052:Electricity market
2744:10.25815/ff3b-d154
1229:sustainable energy
1160:Related to openmod
986:
516:Regular workshops
515:
347:
106:openmod-initiative
88:Official language
29:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3861:Open Web movement
3846:Open Data Indices
3700:Peter Murray-Rust
3644:Open Rights Group
3607:
3606:
3490:
3489:
3343:Knowledge commons
3170:
3169:
3031:Scenario analysis
2736:Generation R Blog
2556:. New York, USA.
2374:on 19 August 2016
2077:. Berlin, Germany
1444:978-3-8047-3550-7
1330:(10): 5850–5870.
1039:
1038:
981:
980:
959:26–28 March 2024
898:22–24 March 2023
889:COVID-19 pandemic
873:17 February 2022
864:COVID-19 pandemic
834:COVID-19 pandemic
751:Aarhus University
673:20–21 April 2017
619:28–29 April 2016
571:13–14 April 2015
435:In May 2016, the
253:Platform lists 17
186:
185:
96:
95:
3938:
3886:Economics models
3856:Open music model
3820:Definition docs
3809:Creative Commons
3794:
3793:
3710:Richard Stallman
3705:Douglas Rushkoff
3619:Creative Commons
3395:Democratic media
3380:
3379:
3303:Notebook science
3221:
3220:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3160:
3159:
3152:Economics models
3150:
3149:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2831:State University
2830:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2804:December 2020.
2803:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2246:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2035: (EnWG)
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1793:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1668:10.1002/wene.109
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1626:on 19 April 2016
1625:
1619:. Archived from
1586:
1577:(6): 1845–1853.
1571:Energy Economics
1568:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1494:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1447:. Archived from
1436:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1207:Open energy data
1139:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1017:4 December 2020
994:
989:
985:
976:
950:
922:
840:events for 2020
839:
782:Golden, Colorado
772:
548:
523:
518:
514:
491:
479:
473:
460:(FSFE) issued a
402:
387:
373:
344:
326:Energy Economics
260:
256:
182:
179:
177:
175:
173:
167:YouTube channel
162:
159:
157:
155:
153:
142:
139:
137:
126:
123:
121:
110:
107:
98:
97:
65:
63:
58:
39:
32:
28:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3865:
3792:
3740:
3734:
3695:Lawrence Lessig
3685:Tim Berners-Lee
3673:
3603:
3594:Open government
3582:
3578:Sharing economy
3563:Open innovation
3546:
3486:
3475:Wiki journalism
3454:
3414:
3400:Open publishing
3375:
3369:
3330:
3324:
3288:Citizen science
3276:
3216:
3210:
3201:
3171:
3166:
3138:
3117:
3081:
3067:Energy planning
3040:
3036:System dynamics
3021:Energy modeling
2999:
2978:
2957:
2931:
2929:Energy modeling
2926:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2756:
2754:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2577:
2566:
2564:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2449:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1966:10.1038/542393a
1941:
1935:
1931:
1876:
1869:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1770:
1766:
1737:(S1): S27–S46.
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1157:
1137:
1133:
1131:Further reading
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1053:Energy modeling
1044:
992:
974:
962:CRESYM and OTE
948:
920:
837:
770:
743:22–24 May 2019
664:Wayback Machine
605:United Kingdom
546:
521:
510:
489:
486:
477:
471:
433:
417:public interest
400:
385:
375:) or be in the
371:
342:
335:
291:version control
267:
258:
254:
250:
238:
170:
150:
134:
118:
104:
89:
61:
59:
56:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3944:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3800:
3798:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3426:Open education
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3353:Open knowledge
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Hartmut Bossel
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2872:
2850:
2813:
2772:
2722:
2701:
2680:
2659:
2638:
2601:
2575:
2540:
2512:
2485:
2459:
2411:
2385:
2352:
2287:
2226:
2165:
2137:
2109:
2060:
2040:
2020:
1994:
1929:
1867:
1812:
1764:
1731:Climate Policy
1717:
1689:
1654:(5): 490–504.
1637:
1554:
1533:(1): 305–344.
1513:
1465:
1443:
1420:
1371:
1346:
1322:development".
1313:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1156:
1155:External links
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1084:that are also
1077:– a review of
1072:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
979:
978:
973:limited to 100
971:
968:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
945:
944:United States
942:
937:
932:
929:
925:
924:
917:
914:
905:
899:
896:
892:
891:
885:
882:
879:
874:
871:
867:
866:
860:
857:
854:
849:
846:
842:
841:
830:
827:
824:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
805:
802:
797:
794:
790:
789:
787:
786:United States
784:
779:
773:
768:
764:
763:
761:
758:
753:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
727:
718:
717:6–8 June 2018
715:
711:
710:
708:
705:
702:
696:
693:
689:
688:
686:
683:
680:
679:(FIAS)
674:
671:
667:
666:
657:
654:
651:
642:
639:
635:
634:
632:
629:
626:
620:
617:
613:
612:
606:
603:
600:
594:
591:
587:
586:
584:
581:
578:
572:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
549:
544:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
509:
506:
485:
482:
462:position paper
437:European Union
432:
429:
345:September 2014
334:
331:
266:
263:
249:
246:
237:
234:
226:internet forum
184:
183:
168:
164:
163:
148:
144:
143:
132:
128:
127:
116:
112:
111:
102:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3943:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Energy policy
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:Energy models
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Free Software
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3730:John Wilbanks
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:Organizations
3610:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:Open standard
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:Citizen media
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:and learning
3374:Communication
3372:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:and knowledge
3327:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:Crowdsourcing
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3163:
3162:Energy models
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:Organizations
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Mark Jacobson
3101:
3099:
3098:Joe DeCarolis
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Energy policy
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Energy market
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2882:
2876:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:IEEE Spectrum
2551:
2544:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2434:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2307:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2208:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:(7642): 393.
1951:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1915:10044/1/56796
1911:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:Energy Policy
1881:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:Nature Energy
1823:
1816:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:Energy Policy
1382:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1355:"Open Models"
1350:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:Energy Policy
1317:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1134:
1120:
1114:October 2014.
1107:
1103:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:energy system
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:Energy system
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Crowdsourcing
1046:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
991:
990:
984:
972:
969:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
947:limited to 80
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
930:
927:
926:
919:limited to 65
918:
915:
913:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
890:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
865:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
835:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
809:
806:
803:
801:
800:Hertie School
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
783:
780:
777:
774:
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
735:63 attendees
734:
731:
728:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
665:
661:
658:
655:
652:
650:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:
607:
604:
601:
599:(ICL)
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
520:
519:
513:
505:
503:
500:is using the
499:
495:
494:IEEE Spectrum
481:
475:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
408:
406:
398:
393:
391:
382:
378:
377:public domain
374:
368:
367:free licenses
364:
360:
356:
352:
339:
330:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
310:
305:
303:
302:
297:
292:
288:
283:
282:energy policy
279:
274:
272:
271:crowdsourcing
262:
245:
243:
233:
231:
227:
223:
218:
215:
214:energy system
211:
207:
203:
202:energy system
200:community of
199:
195:
191:
181:
169:
166:
165:
161:
149:
146:
145:
141:
133:
130:
129:
125:
117:
114:
113:
109:
103:
100:
99:
91:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
27:
23:
19:
3926:Open science
3739:Projects and
3725:Aaron Swartz
3659:Pirate Party
3633:
3558:Gift economy
3338:Free content
3313:Science data
3293:Open science
3245:
3241:
3224:Key concepts
3215:Concepts and
3208:open content
3204:Free culture
3133:
3108:John Laitner
3045:Applications
2887:25 September
2885:. Retrieved
2875:
2865:25 September
2863:. Retrieved
2853:
2833:. Retrieved
2823:
2816:
2788:. Retrieved
2782:
2775:
2755:. Retrieved
2735:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2683:
2673:25 September
2671:. Retrieved
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2641:
2628:. Retrieved
2619:
2614:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2573:Web feature.
2565:. Retrieved
2553:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2522:
2515:
2505:14 September
2503:. Retrieved
2498:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2442:14 September
2440:. Retrieved
2424:
2402:. Retrieved
2399:blog.3rik.cc
2398:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2355:
2323:28 September
2321:. Retrieved
2297:
2290:
2258:28 September
2256:. Retrieved
2236:
2229:
2195:. Retrieved
2175:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2147:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2119:
2112:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2063:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1949:
1945:
1932:
1887:
1883:
1832:(3): 16012.
1829:
1825:
1815:
1784:(1): 28–47.
1781:
1777:
1767:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1699:
1692:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1574:
1570:
1557:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1482:
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1430:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1391:
1387:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1349:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1246:
1206:
1205:
1159:
1158:
1119:
1106:
982:
732:Switzerland
511:
487:
452:(OSS). The
434:
409:
394:
390:database law
348:
324:
314:
312:
307:
299:
275:
268:
251:
239:
193:
189:
187:
44:Abbreviation
26:
3839:Open Source
3783:OpenWetWare
3720:Peter Sunde
3715:Peter Suber
3568:Open patent
3532:Open gaming
3410:Peer review
3257:Open source
3113:John Weyant
2835:26 February
2790:19 December
2757:22 November
2630:23 February
2478:24 November
2302:2 — Release
2081:13 December
1987:26 February
1946:Nature News
1890:: 211–215.
1506:19 December
1485:: 305–344.
1458:19 December
1394:: 149–153.
1225:Energypedia
1086:open source
848:5 May 2021
446:source code
316:Nature News
287:source code
147:Email list
3931:Simulation
3880:Categories
3459:Journalism
3441:Admissions
3436:University
2715:1 December
2533:9 February
2451:sourcecode
2130:13 October
2013:1 December
1710:8 November
1584:2001.10858
1364:3 November
1306:10 October
1284:References
1136:Generation
977:attendees
951:attendees
923:attendees
725:ETH Zurich
682:Frankfurt
628:Stockholm
575:MCC Berlin
552:DIW Berlin
222:email list
198:grassroots
3921:Open data
3778:OpenCores
3741:movements
3678:Activists
3419:Education
3217:practices
2962:Open data
2752:2512-3815
2562:0018-9235
2333:cite book
2268:cite book
2207:cite book
2091:cite book
1924:0301-4215
1862:111422286
1854:2058-7546
1800:2192-0567
1684:108676376
1676:2041-840X
1609:0140-9883
1549:1543-5938
1070:Open data
908:Laxenburg
508:Workshops
372:CC BY 4.0
369:(such as
351:copyright
285:that the
280:used for
217:modelling
210:open data
52:Formation
3804:Licenses
3525:Robotics
3495:Products
3308:Research
3262:Openness
3004:Concepts
2694:28 April
2652:25 April
2472:Code.gov
2433:Archived
2404:7 August
2378:7 August
1974:28230147
1759:76657283
1617:59143900
1273:EERAdata
1219:Enipedia
1042:See also
1035:project
1009:Comment
1006:Country
1000:Subject
966:Grenoble
916:Austria
904:(IIASA)
807:Germany
760:Denmark
707:Germany
685:Germany
660:Archived
625:
583:Germany
577:
560:Germany
554:
538:Comment
535:Country
468:program
413:Data Act
278:datasets
228:, and a
174:.youtube
138:.openmod
101:Website
3788:Sci-Hub
3504:(FOSS)
3358:Content
3272:Sharism
3244:versus
2594:22 June
2567:27 June
1982:4449502
1954:Bibcode
1892:Bibcode
1834:Bibcode
1739:Bibcode
1656:Bibcode
1589:Bibcode
1501:1001644
1413:17 June
1396:Bibcode
1342:version
1025:online
970:France
887:during
881:online
862:during
856:online
832:during
826:online
804:Berlin
778:(NREL)
729:Zürich
704:Munich
631:Sweden
602:London
580:Berlin
557:Berlin
470:Horizon
427:(EEX).
399:on the
236:Context
196:) is a
194:openmod
180:/videos
154:.google
92:English
79:Purpose
66:
62:2014-09
60: (
47:openmod
3748:DIYbio
3318:Plan S
3298:Access
3242:Gratis
3086:People
2974:Reegle
2969:OpenEI
2943:MARKAL
2936:Models
2829:
2802:
2798:
2750:
2622:]
2560:
2304:
2300:
2239:
2197:8 June
2178:
2158:25 May
2028:§ 111d
1980:
1972:
1922:
1860:
1852:
1798:
1757:
1682:
1674:
1630:8 July
1615:
1607:
1547:
1499:
1441:
1241:OpenEI
1145:python
1138:
1112:
1082:models
993:
975:
949:
921:
912:Vienna
838:
756:Aarhus
701:(TUM)
656:Italy
653:Milan
522:
490:
478:
472:
401:re-use
386:
361:, and
343:
259:
255:
152:groups
131:Forum
3797:Tools
3669:SPARC
3383:Media
3246:libre
2983:Lists
2953:POLES
2796:Video
2624:(PDF)
2618:[
2527:(PDF)
2474:. USA
2436:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2372:(PDF)
2365:(PDF)
2310:(PDF)
2245:(PDF)
2184:(PDF)
2152:(PDF)
2124:(PDF)
2075:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1978:S2CID
1942:(PDF)
1858:S2CID
1755:S2CID
1704:(PDF)
1680:S2CID
1624:(PDF)
1613:S2CID
1579:arXiv
1567:(PDF)
1452:(PDF)
1435:(PDF)
1384:(PDF)
1267:REEEM
1261:Other
1098:Notes
1033:S2S4E
1003:City
997:Date
532:City
529:Host
526:Date
502:PyPSA
224:, an
136:forum
115:Wiki
3834:Open
3664:PLOS
3473:and
3363:Data
3206:and
2948:NEMS
2889:2015
2867:2015
2837:2021
2792:2020
2759:2019
2748:ISSN
2717:2016
2696:2016
2675:2015
2654:2016
2632:2021
2596:2023
2569:2023
2558:ISSN
2535:2017
2507:2016
2480:2016
2455:.gov
2453:.cio
2444:2016
2406:2016
2380:2016
2339:link
2325:2021
2274:link
2260:2021
2213:link
2199:2020
2160:2020
2132:2017
2097:link
2083:2017
2015:2016
1989:2017
1970:PMID
1920:ISSN
1850:ISSN
1796:ISSN
1712:2016
1672:ISSN
1632:2016
1605:ISSN
1545:ISSN
1508:2016
1497:OSTI
1460:2016
1439:ISBN
1415:2016
1366:2016
1308:2016
1277:FAIR
480:se.
474:2020
230:wiki
208:and
188:The
176:.com
156:.com
140:.org
124:.org
120:wiki
108:.org
71:Type
3814:GPL
2740:doi
2314:doi
2249:doi
2188:doi
1962:doi
1950:542
1910:hdl
1900:doi
1888:101
1842:doi
1786:doi
1747:doi
1664:doi
1597:doi
1535:doi
1487:doi
1404:doi
1332:doi
1014:13
956:18
928:17
895:16
870:15
845:14
836:, 3
815:12
793:11
767:10
403:of
301:sic
212:in
172:www
3882::
2746:.
2734:.
2604:^
2587:.
2552:.
2497:.
2470:.
2414:^
2397:.
2335:}}
2331:{{
2306:02
2270:}}
2266:{{
2241:07
2209:}}
2205:{{
2180:08
2093:}}
2089:{{
2005:.
1976:.
1968:.
1960:.
1948:.
1944:.
1918:.
1908:.
1898:.
1886:.
1882:.
1870:^
1856:.
1848:.
1840:.
1828:.
1824:.
1794:.
1780:.
1776:.
1753:.
1745:.
1735:16
1733:.
1729:.
1678:.
1670:.
1662:.
1650:.
1611:.
1603:.
1595:.
1587:.
1575:34
1573:.
1569:.
1543:.
1531:35
1529:.
1525:.
1495:.
1483:35
1481:.
1477:.
1402:.
1392:49
1390:.
1386:.
1357:.
1328:39
1326:.
1299:.
1028:—
910:,
884:—
859:—
829:—
749:,
740:9
723:,
714:8
692:7
670:6
647:,
638:5
616:4
590:3
568:2
543:1
466:EU
357:,
158:/g
3196:e
3189:t
3182:v
2921:e
2914:t
2907:v
2891:.
2869:.
2839:.
2794:.
2761:.
2742::
2719:.
2698:.
2677:.
2656:.
2634:.
2598:.
2571:.
2537:.
2509:.
2482:.
2446:.
2408:.
2382:.
2341:)
2327:.
2316::
2276:)
2262:.
2251::
2215:)
2201:.
2190::
2162:.
2134:.
2099:)
2085:.
2017:.
1991:.
1964::
1956::
1926:.
1912::
1902::
1894::
1864:.
1844::
1836::
1830:1
1802:.
1788::
1782:6
1761:.
1749::
1741::
1714:.
1686:.
1666::
1658::
1652:3
1634:.
1599::
1591::
1581::
1551:.
1537::
1510:.
1489::
1462:.
1417:.
1406::
1398::
1368:.
1344:.
1338:.
1334::
1310:.
192:(
64:)
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
