220:- These policies typically extend to the parent institution a non-exclusive license to exercise any and all copyrights in the article. Copyright remains with the author until they transfer copyright to a publisher, at which point the non-exclusive license survives. In so doing, authors are free to publish wherever they prefer, while granting the institution the right to post a version of the article on the open web via an institutional repository. The benefit of the rights-retention clause is that neither the author, nor the institution, need negotiate open access with the publisher; the policy itself allows open access to the article. Upon acceptance or publication, the author or their representative deposits the article into their institutional repository. Waivers are generally available in cases where authors do not desire open access for a given article. Examples include Europe's
620:(Caltech) created an institution-wide Open Access Policy. The ruling stated that as of January 1, 2014, all Caltech faculty must agree to grant nonexclusive rights to Caltech to disseminate their scholarly papers either via the authors' own sites or to Caltech AUTHORS, the online repository. The goal is to encourage wider distribution of their work and to simplify the copyright process when posting research on faculty or institutional Web sites. The initiative was put in place to prevent publishers of those journals from threatening legal action or issuing takedown notices to authors who have posted their content on their own sites or to
667:, granting to the President and Fellows of Harvard to "make available his or her scholarly articles and to exercise the copyright in those articles ... in a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license..." Since then, several other schools within the University now participate in the Open Access Policies supported by the Office for Scholarly Communication: the Graduate School of Design, the School of Education, the Business School, the Law School, the Kennedy School of Government, the Divinity School, and the School of Public Health. The University's open-access repository is called
770:"in order to allow for broad dissemination of their research." They granted to The Regents of the University of Colorado "a nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license to exercise any and all rights under copyright relating to their scholarly work, as long as the works are properly attributed to the authors and not used for commercial purposes"—and that the individual faculty would retain full ownership of the material. Authors at CU Boulder are expected to inform publishers about the University's policy and that they "have granted a pre-existing License." The digital repository,
174:'mandate' is not a good word..." for open-access policies, "...but neither is any other English word." Other ways to describe a mandate include "shifting the default publishing practice to open access" in the case of university faculty or "putting an open-access condition" on grant recipients. Mandates are stronger than policies which either request or encourage open access, because they require that authors provide open access. Some mandates allow the author to opt out if they give reasons for doing so.
144:
designating repository deposit as the official means of submitting publications for institutional research performance review, or for research grant applications or renewal. Many
European university mandates have taken the form of administrative requirements, whereas many U.S. university mandates have taken the form of a unanimous or near-unanimous self-imposed faculty consensus consisting of a default rights-retention contract (together with a waiver option for individual special cases).
810:" were endorsed by the Faculty Senate in February 2010. Theses and dissertations at the University of Kansas are also openly available, however in 2010 KU Graduate Studies established a policy that a student may request permission to embargo its publication for six months, one year or two years. Graduates earning the KU Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing or PhD in English (Literature and Creative Writing track) may request a permanent embargo.
3083:
448:
683:(MIT) Faculty adopted an open access policy. The policy applies to "all scholarly articles written while the person is a member of the Faculty except for any articles completed before the adoption of this policy and any articles for which the Faculty member entered into an incompatible licensing or assignment agreement before the adoption of this policy." The MIT online repository is called
419:; the allowable delay for complying with publisher embargoes applies only to the time when access to the deposit must be made open access rather than to the time when it must be deposited. Immediate deposit is required so that individual users can then request an immediate individual copy of any deposited eprint during the embargo period by clicking on a "RequestCopy" Button provided by the
751:(DMCA) takedown notice for nine articles owned by the American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE). The UC faculty authors had uploaded to eScholarship the publisher-formatted articles between 2004 and 2008, before the UC Open Access Policy had been enacted and in violation of the publisher's agreement with the authors when they gave their copyrights to the ASCE.
802:" on April 30, 2009, in order to provide the broadest possible access to the journal literature authored by KU faculty." In June 2009, under a faculty-initiated policy approved by Chancellor Robert Hemenway, KU became the first U.S. public university to implement an open access policy. Unless a KU author sought a waiver, all articles must be submitted to
431:). The Button automatically sends an email message to the author requesting an individual eprint; the author can comply with one click and the software immediately emails the eprint to the requestor. This is not open access, but may cover some immediate research needs during any embargo. A related idea was later put forth as the
278:(CIHR) proposed a mandate in 2006 and adopted it in September 2007, becoming the first North American public research funder to do so. The CIHR Policy on Access to Research Outputs provides two options to researchers: publication in open access journals, and making their manuscripts available in an online central (
785:
derived from the Open Access Policy. Contributions from the CU Boulder community can include working papers and technical reports, published scholarly research articles, completed manuscripts, digital art or multimedia, conference papers and proceedings, theses and dissertations, Undergraduate Honors
143:
Universities can adopt open-access mandates for their faculty. All such mandates make allowances for special cases. Tenured faculty cannot be required to publish; nor can they be required to make their publications open access. However, mandates can take the form of administrative procedures, such as
718:
houses and makes publicly available the GSE authors' working papers as well as published articles. Between May 21-24th, 2013, the
Stanford GSE doctoral students voted in favor of a motion to enact an Open Access policy. At this time, however, despite the strong case made by Professors John Willinsky
557:
The information which follows relates more closely to open access policies/mandates covering open publishing of research outputs than to OER specifically. An open-access policy enacted by the
Faculty of a research university can empower them in choosing how to distribute their own scholarly work. If
455:
For the four institutions with the oldest self-archiving mandates, the averaged percentage of green open-access self-archiving has been compared to the percentage for control articles from other institutions published in the same journals (for years 2002–2009, measured in 2011). Open-access mandates
713:
Graduate School of
Education (GSE) were the first in that school to grant permission to the University to make their scholarly articles publicly accessible and to exercise the copyright in a "nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license ... provided that the articles are properly attributed to the
700:
appointed an ad-hoc committee of faculty and the
University Librarian to study the question of open access to faculty publications - and in March 2011, the committee recommended several changes to the Faculty rules to allow for a blanket policy for open access to Princeton faculty scholarship. The
304:
adopted a new open access policy. Books and journal articles must be made freely available within 12 months of publication, whether by publishing open access and using open access journals, or by uploading to an open access repository. The policy is effective for proposals received on or after 20
296:
was announced. Peer-reviewed journal publications arising from Agency-supported research must be made freely available within 12 months of publication, whether by depositing in an online repository or by publishing in a journal that offers immediate or delayed open access. The policy is effective
386:
recommended: "EC Recommendation A1: "Research funding agencies... should stablish a
European policy mandating published articles arising from EC-funded research to be available after a given time period in open access archives..." This recommendation has since been updated and strengthened by the
399:
and the pilot for research data. In 2012, via a
Recommendation, the European Commission encouraged all EU Member States to put publicly funded research results in the public sphere in order to strengthen science and the knowledge-based economy. In 2017 it emerged that the European Commission are
394:
The global shift towards open access to the results of publicly funded research (publications and data) has been a core strategy in the
European Commission to improve knowledge circulation and thus innovation. It is illustrated in particular by the general principle for open access to scientific
313:
In May 2006, the US Federal
Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) was proposed toward improving the NIH Public Access Policy. Besides points about making open access mandatory, to which the NIH complied in 2008, it argues to extend self-archiving to the full spectrum of major US-funded research. In
599:(as well as an FAQ document and slide deck) is available for download on the SPARC website. Another useful guide has been developed by members of the Harvard Office for Scholarly Communication, the Harvard Open Access Project, and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. This online guide, "
548:
Recent studies have tested which mandate conditions are most effective in generating deposit. The three most important conditions identified were: (1) immediate deposit required, (2) deposit required for performance evaluation, and (3) unconditional opt-out allowed for the OA requirement but no
134:
itself (immediate, delayed), by the time (immediate, delayed) at which the deposit is made open access, and by whether or not there is a default copyright-retention contract (and whether it can be waived). Mandate types can also be compared for strength and effectiveness (in terms of the annual
526:
In international cross-disciplinary surveys conducted by Swan (2005), the vast majority of researchers respond that they would self archive willingly if their institutions or funders mandated it. Outcome studies by Sale (2006) have confirmed these survey results. Both mandated and unmandated
332:
Also in 2013, the White House issued a directive requiring federal agencies "with over $ 100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures" to develop, within the next 6 months, a plan to make the peer-reviewed publications directly arising from
Federal funding "publicly
786:
theses, journals published on campus, faculty course-related output primarily of scholarly interest, and data sets. The Chancellor's Executive Committee recently approved the new policy, following the lead of the Council of Deans and the Office of the Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor.
731:(UC) approved the UC Open Access Policy for all 8,000 plus faculty at their ten campuses. Some confusion at the local campuses led to online postings of journal articles whose copyright was already owned by publishers. For example, in December 2013, the academic publishing company
565:
individual faculty receive their institution's full support in a unified action to work with publishers to simplify procedures and broaden access to their scholarly work (allowing for greater possibilities for citations of their work - important for hiring, tenure and promotion
735:
sent several UC faculty notices to take down certain journal articles posted openly on their campus webpages, e.g., on the department websites or faculty profiles. The UC Open Access Policy protected those faculty who had correctly uploaded their articles to the UC
208:
immediately upon publication (or upon acceptance for publication) whether or not their publishing contracts allow making the deposit open access immediately: If the publisher embargoes open access, access to the deposit can be left as
135:
volume, proportion and timing of deposits, relative to total annual article output, as well as the time that access to the deposit is set as open access. Mandates are classified and ranked by some of these properties in MELIBEA.
687:
and it was designed to work seamlessly with Google Scholar. The Faculty revised and updated the policy in 2010 to take into consideration the various issues associated with the MIT librarians' discussions with publishers.
558:
a faculty member wishes to grant exclusive rights to a publisher, they would first need to request a waiver from their faculty governance body. Some reasons to implement this kind of policy institution-wide are to:
3301:
595:, led the collaborative and open effort to create an "Open Access Spectrum" that demonstrates a more sophisticated approach is needed in discussions about the concept of openness in research communications. The
471:
As of May 2015, open-access mandates have been adopted by over 550 universities and research institutions, and over 140 research funders worldwide. Examples of universities which have open-access mandates are
213:
during any permissible embargo period. (For closed-access deposits repositories have a request-a-copy Button with which users can request and authors can provide a single copy with one click each during the
3281:
318:'s Public Access Policy took effect in April 2008 and states that "all articles arising from NIH funds must be submitted to PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication". It stipulates self-archiving in
514:
indexes the world's institutional, funder and governmental OA mandates (and the Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS) as well as EnablingOpenScholarship (EOS) graph the quarterly outcome).
129:
Open-access mandates can be classified in many ways: by the type of mandating organization (employing institution or research funder), by the locus (institutional or institution-external) and timing of
2154:
640:, with a blanket policy to provide open access to their scholarly writings. The policy allows for faculty members to opt out at any time, and it is regularly reviewed to determine its effectiveness.
1965:
798:, a digital repository for scholarly work created by KU faculty and staff. Faculty Senate President Lisa Wolf-Wendel, professor of education leadership and policy studies, approved a new policy, "
38:
institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their published,
1643:
1546:
569:
take advantage of scholarly interactions with a greater diversity of readers, not just those who can afford to purchase the information from a vendor or attend an academic conference.
198:- These require authors to provide open access either immediately or, at the latest, after a maximal permissible embargo period (which may vary from 6 months to 12 months or more).
1629:
1784:
2183:
329:
In February 2013, the Fair Access to Science and Technology Research bill was introduced into both houses of Congress. It was described as a "strengthened version of FRPAA".
314:
addition, the FRPAA would no longer stipulate that the self-archiving must be central; the deposit can now be in the author's own institutional repository (IR). The new U.S.
370:'s administration issued guidance to make all federally funded research in the USA (the first country to do so) freely available without delay, thus ending over 50 years of
400:
looking to create its own open access publishing platform for papers that emerge from the Horizon 2020 programme. The platform is likely to be similar to the one used by
1814:
1515:
1147:
1012:
Gargouri, Yassine; Lariviere, Vincent; Gingras, Yves; Brody, Tim; Carr, Les; Harnad, Stevan (2012). "Testing the Finch Hypothesis on Green OA Mandate Ineffectiveness".
573:
This kind of blanket policy provides support to those whose research is not part of a project that requires open access to the research done. For example, since the
415:
To somewhat improve on the European Commission's (and FRPAA's) allowable embargo of up to six months, EURAB has revised the mandate: all articles must be deposited
2023:
1656:
1266:
3444:
2158:
147:
Research funders such as government funding agencies or private foundations can adopt open-access mandates as contractual conditions for receiving funding.
3296:
807:
1962:
2709:
326:. In 2012, the NIH announced it would enforce its Public Access Policy by blocking the renewal of grant funds to authors who don't follow the policy.
924:
Swan, Alma; Needham, Paul; Probets, Steve; Muir, Adrienne; Oppenheim, Charles; O'Brien, Ann; Hardy, Rachel; Rowland, Fytton; Brown, Sheridan (2005).
1694:
3291:
1516:"Office of Science and Technology Policy Announces Open Access Requirement for Publications and Data | Research Data Management Service Group"
289:(SSHRC) jointly proposed the same mandate as CIHR's, and launched a two-month consultation on what will become the Tri-Agency Open Access Policy.
2209:
2431:
286:
261:
Mandates may require opening access to the deposit immediately upon publication (or acceptance for publication) or after an allowable embargo.
1394:
2111:
2067:
1497:
293:
2133:
1533:
574:
3399:
3286:
3158:
1534:"Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies: Increasing access to the results of federally funded scientific research"
166:"Mandate" can mean either "authorize" or "oblige". Both senses are important in inducing researchers to provide OA. Open-access advocate
1291:
1426:
1792:
740:
603:" is built on a wiki and is designed to evolve over time, according to the co-authors: Emily Kilcer, Stuart Shieber and Peter Suber.
301:
3380:
2187:
848:
Harnad, Stevan; Brody, T.; Vallieres, F.; Carr, L.; Hitchcock, S.; Gingras, Y.; Oppenheim, C.; Stamerjohanns, H.; Hilf, E. (2004).
849:
581:, U.S. federal agencies have been developing their own policies on making research freely available within a year of publication.
3065:
3061:
1541:
363:
341:
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1083:
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In October 2013, the two other Canadian federal funding agencies, the National Science and Engineering Council (NSERC) and the
275:
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477:
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chose Open Access Week 2011 to announce the release of the digitized backfiles of their archives, dating from 1665 to 1941.
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3183:
2628:
538:
763:
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repository. In another case of misunderstanding by the faculty about open access, in March 2014 the University received a
2847:
1566:
671:(Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard) which is where the faculty upload their scholarly articles for access by all.
253:
Mandates may require deposit immediately upon publication (or acceptance for publication) or after an allowable embargo.
83:
2877:
2404:
778:
600:
245:. Some funder mandates specify institutional deposit, some specify institution-external deposit, and some allow either.
3130:
617:
405:
345:
1911:
975:
3665:
3389:
3044:
2908:
1584:
1471:
225:
20:
1719:
3151:
1644:"Huge News: Biden Administration Announces All Publicly Funded Research Should Be Available For Free To The Public"
1198:
925:
803:
795:
748:
356:
352:.gov, a repository with over 3 million records for federal works of which over 700,000 have full text as of 2019.
3276:
1669:
2235:
2089:
3525:
3375:
2459:"California Institute of Technology Open Access Policy, Approved by the Caltech Faculty Board on June 10, 2013"
2740:
3644:
3394:
489:
315:
99:
3098:
588:
3596:
3586:
3225:
2795:
2717:
2683:
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Vincent-Lamarre, Philippe, Boivin, Jade, Gargouri, Yassine, Larivière, Vincent and Harnad, Stevan (2014).
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3347:
3210:
3144:
2629:"Memo to the Faculty Advisory Committee on Policy from the Ad-hoc Faculty Committee to study Open Access"
624:, an online repository for research papers authored by Caltech faculty and other researchers at Caltech.
3530:
3342:
2821:
562:
increase the overall impact of an institution's research contributions to the global knowledge economy,
2323:
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faculty approved an open access policy on September 19, 2011, which was last revised in January 2012.
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3414:
3255:
2657:
511:
497:
481:
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issued a report on the implementation of the 2013 directive, with 37 recommendations to 16 agencies.
119:
79:
926:"Developing a model for e-prints and open access journal content in UK further and higher education"
3465:
3434:
3419:
3409:
3306:
1720:"COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17 July 2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information"
1401:
819:
728:
436:
420:
337:
323:
242:
205:
103:
98:. Among the funding organizations that have adopted open-access mandates for grant recipients are
51:
2213:
1501:
1111:
The Liège ORBi model: Mandatory policy without rights retention but linked to assessment processes
3545:
3240:
2137:
55:
1308:
3570:
3505:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3337:
3178:
3030:
1344:
501:
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in Europe. Funders which require open access when their funding recipients publish include the
2956:
1466:
91:
3565:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3365:
1657:
Study on the Economic and Technical Evolution of the Scientific Publication Markets in Europe
1567:"Implementation Plan to Increase Public Access to Results of USDA-funded Scientific Research"
340:
and multi-annual open access strategies have been developed by federal institutions like the
279:
122:. For a full index of institutional and funder open-access mandates adopted to date, see the
2769:
3629:
3560:
3520:
3510:
3260:
2971:
1757:
1369:
759:
In 2014 the Faculty Assembly of the University of Colorado Boulder approved the CU Boulder
697:
493:
424:
107:
2458:
1616:"Federal Research: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Public Access to Research Results"
737:
8:
3199:
710:
409:
383:
87:
59:
3088:
1890:
1761:
1695:"Guidelines on Open Access to Scientific Publications and Research Data in Horizon 2020"
3311:
3235:
2997:
1942:
1630:"OSTP Issues Guidance to Make Federally Funded Research Freely Available Without Delay"
1206:
1013:
945:
869:
660:
537:
and their rate of growth is monitored and displayed by the University of Southampton's
473:
456:
triple the percent Green OA (see figure below). Respective totals are derived from the
432:
71:
3381:
3215:
3040:
2943:
1420:
1250:
1232:
1037:
799:
578:
187:- These require authors to provide open access if and when their publishers allow it.
1769:
1601:
949:
3370:
3230:
2292:
1765:
1242:
1237:
937:
904:
861:
154:, that takes place globally during the last full week of October. For example, the
151:
3109:
2528:"Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Open Access Policy, Voted February 12, 2008"
3670:
3624:
3591:
3116:
1969:
1202:
865:
782:
767:
744:
633:
592:
510:, the searchable Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies at the
457:
2598:
2483:
636:
Academic Council voted to support the University Library's new data repository,
3634:
3619:
3327:
1246:
893:"A mandate to self archive? The role of open access institutional repositories"
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and Juan Pablo Alperin, no other Stanford academic units have stepped forward.
460:
401:
371:
319:
181:- These are not requirements but merely recommendations to provide open access.
131:
115:
47:
2934:"Governance Policy: Open Access Policy for University of Kansas Scholarship".
2855:
2599:"Maintaining Our Resolutions: Implementing the MIT Faculty Open Access Policy"
2501:
1815:"OpenAIRE can form the basis for a truly public European Open Access Platform"
760:
70:
Among the universities that have adopted open-access mandates for faculty are
3659:
1938:
941:
923:
829:
516:
391:(Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe) has since been launched.
155:
39:
2885:
2411:. Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University
2378:
2024:"OA Self-Archiving Policy: Harvard University: Faculty of Arts and Sciences"
775:
596:
485:
95:
3639:
3609:
3126:
Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP)
2297:
1915:
1529:
1278:
1254:
1110:
396:
238:
2003:
ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies
3167:
3120:
3026:
2527:
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Swan, Alma; Gargouri, Yassine; Hunt, Megan; & Harnad, Stevan (2015).
1840:
1615:
1493:
664:
648:
167:
43:
2261:
1986:
Ten-year Analysis of University of Minho Green OA Self-Archiving Mandate
1192:
1034:"MELIBEA directory and comparator of institutional open-access policies"
953:
647:(COPE) and established a fund to help Duke faculty members to cover any
637:
500:
in the EU. Mandate policy models and guidance have been provided by the
204:- These require authors to deposit their refereed final drafts in their
3035:(The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series ed.). Cambridge, Mass.:
2972:"KU becomes first U.S. public university to pass an open access policy"
2553:
1267:
OA Self-Archiving Policy: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
892:
850:"The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access"
16:
Policy requiring or recommending Open Access to scientific publications
2998:"Graduate Studies Policy: Embargo Policy for Theses and Dissertations"
621:
3614:
3250:
3036:
2362:
2349:
1985:
1191:
Sale, A., Couture, M., Rodrigues, E., Carr, L. and Harnad, S. (2012)
527:
institutional and disciplinary repositories worldwide are indexed by
847:
715:
668:
3404:
3245:
2350:
Estimating Open Access Mandate Effectiveness: I. The MELIBEA Score.
1745:
1467:"NIH to Begin Enforcing Open-Access Policy on Research It Supports"
533:
388:
35:
2280:
2045:
1984:
Gargouri, Yassine, Larivière, Vincent & Harnad, Stevan (2013)
1947:
1785:"European Commission considering leap into open-access publishing"
1018:
774:, is maintained by the University Libraries and functions under a
3449:
3220:
2155:"Open Access policies for universities and research institutions"
1865:
909:
824:
507:
428:
123:
2741:"The academic ethics of open access to research and scholarship"
504:'s EPrints Handbook, EOS, OASIS and Open Access Archivangelism.
3424:
1443:
1148:"Royal Society journal archive made permanently free to access"
771:
528:
520:
221:
150:
New open-access mandates are often announced during the annual
31:
3136:
3125:
2186:. Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook. Archived from
1998:
1941:(2010). "Open Access Mandates and the 'Fair Dealing' Button".
1000:
684:
447:
124:
Registry of Open Access Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP)
2383:
Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC)
2212:. Open Access Archivangelism. 7 December 2008. Archived from
1498:"Major new bill mandating open access introduced in Congress"
1011:
585:
367:
237:
Most institutional open-access mandates require that authors
19:"Open-access policy" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2796:"Elsevier Takedown Notices for Faculty Articles on UC Sites"
1937:
Sale, Arthur; Couture, Marc; Rodrigues, Eloy; Carr, Leslie;
644:
552:
2327:
2311:
2112:"OA Self-Archiving Policy: European Research Council (ERC)"
2068:"OA Self-Archiving Policy: University College London (UCL)"
1553:
732:
349:
659:
On February 12, 2008, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of
161:
2432:"Caltech Adopts Open Access Policy for Scholarly Writing"
1582:
1438:
1436:
1193:
Open Access Mandates and the "Fair Dealing" Button'. In:
50:
their final, peer-reviewed drafts in a freely accessible
1936:
1659:. Ec.europa.eu (23 February 2009). Retrieved 2011-12-03.
674:
2236:"About JULIET - Research funders' open access policies"
1233:"Open-access Plan S to allow publishing in any journal"
800:
Open Access Policy for University of Kansas Scholarship
2363:
Open Access Policy: Numbers, Analysis, Effectiveness.
1433:
1195:
Dynamic Fair Dealing: Creating Canadian Culture Online
387:
European Research Advisory Board (EURAB). The project
256:
3445:
Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
2490:. Office of News and Communications, Duke University.
1333:
announcement of the new Tri-Agency Open Access Policy
1269:. Eprints.org (4 January 2007). Retrieved 2011-12-03.
611:
586:
Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
579:
United States Office of Science and Technology Policy
2405:"Good practices for university open-access policies"
2385:. Washington D.C.: Association of Research Libraries
1370:"Open Access Policy for IDRC-Funded Project Outputs"
1001:
Registry of Open Access Mandatory Archiving Policies
138:
2457:Faculty Board, California Institute of Technology.
2259:
1230:
976:"RCUK Open Access Policy – Our Preference for Gold"
679:Adopted by a unanimous vote on March 18, 2009, the
3131:Good practices for university open-access policies
2281:"The acquisition of open access research articles"
601:Good practices for university open-access policies
1552:from the original on 21 January 2017 – via
754:
308:
3657:
2884:. University of Colorado Boulder. Archived from
2854:. University of Colorado Boulder. Archived from
2738:
1279:CIHR Policy on Access to Research Outputs – CIHR
1175:
1173:
1088:blogs.law.harvard.edu, "The Occasional Pamphlet"
808:Processes to Implement the KU Open Access Policy
2438:. Chatsworth, CA: 1105 Media Inc, Ed-Tech Group
1670:"Scientific publication: policy on open access"
1309:"Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications"
1059:
1057:
1055:
794:In 2005 the University of Kansas (KU) created
435:for papers that have not been deposited in an
333:accessible to search, retrieve, and analyze".
287:Social Science and Humanities Research Council
3152:
3066:Section 4.2, Digression on the word "Mandate"
2739:Willinsky, John; Alperin, Juan Pablo (2011).
2262:"Open access self-archiving: An Introduction"
1212:
1170:
1084:"University open-access policies as mandates"
727:On July 24, 2013, the Academic Senate of the
651:required to publish in open access journals.
549:opt-out allowed for the deposit requirement.
294:Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications
282:is recommended) or institutional repository.
58:("Green OA") or (2) by publishing them in an
3400:Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association
2802:. University of California. 21 December 2013
2560:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Library.
2484:"Faculty Move Forward on Open Access Policy"
2429:
1052:
377:
269:
191:Mandates may include the following clauses:
2534:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Library
1746:"European Commission moves into publishing"
1622:
1492:
722:
616:On June 10, 2013, the Faculty Board of the
417:immediately upon acceptance for publication
297:for grants awarded from 1 May 2015 onward.
224:and policies of Harvard University and the
3159:
3145:
2597:Holton, Richard (November–December 2010).
1583:U.S. Department of Energy (24 July 2014).
523:service which lists funder mandates only.
322:regardless of the use of the author's own
2828:. University of California. 13 March 2014
2456:
2296:
2157:. EnablingOpenScholarship. Archived from
1946:
1017:
908:
645:Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity
553:Policies adopted by research universities
302:International Development Research Centre
202:Mandates with an immediate-deposit clause
2178:
2176:
1782:
1281:. Cihr-irsc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
890:
446:
2578:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1841:"How it Works - Wellcome Open Research"
1542:Office of Science and Technology Policy
1528:
1109:Rentier, B., & Thirion, P. (2011).
1081:
789:
691:
364:Office of Science and Technology Policy
218:Mandates with a rights-retention clause
162:Principal kinds of open-access mandates
42:journal articles and conference papers
3658:
2596:
2324:"Registry of Open Access Repositories"
2149:
2147:
2090:"OA Self-Archiving Policy: ETH Zürich"
1464:
1425:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
704:
374:albeit only for the US contributions.
276:Canadian Institutes of Health Research
196:Mandates with a limited-embargo clause
3140:
3025:
2716:. Stanford University. Archived from
2714:Stanford Graduate School of Education
2688:Stanford Graduate School of Education
2430:Schaffhauser, Dian (6 January 2014).
2312:Directory of Open Access Repositories
2173:
1743:
1218:
1179:
1134:
1122:
1075:
1063:
681:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
675:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
654:
112:National Fund for Scientific Research
76:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3440:Registry of Open Access Repositories
3133:, by Stuart Shieber and Peter Suber.
2481:
2278:
2260:Swan, Alma; Brown, Sheridan (2005).
2210:"Which Green OA Mandate Is Optimal?"
1345:"IDRC adopts new Open Access Policy"
1231:Richard Van Noorden (16 July 2020),
714:authors not sold for a profit." The
539:Registry of Open Access Repositories
466:
451:Mandates triple self-archiving rates
248:
2882:CU Scholar Institutional Repository
2852:CU Scholar Institutional Repository
2144:
696:In 2010 the Dean of the Faculty of
257:Timing of opening access to deposit
232:
84:Queensland University of Technology
13:
2906:
2558:Office for Scholarly Communication
2532:Office for Scholarly Communication
2376:
1955:
1783:Enserink, Martin (29 March 2017).
627:
618:California Institute of Technology
612:California Institute of Technology
65:
14:
3682:
3390:Directory of Open Access Journals
3074:
2969:
2826:Office of Scholarly Communication
2800:Office of Scholarly Communication
2774:Office of Scholarly Communication
2710:"GSE Student Open Archive Motion"
2662:Office of the Dean of the Faculty
2636:Office of the Dean of the Faculty
2379:"HowOpenIsIt? New Guide Released"
1472:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1465:Basken, Paul (19 November 2012).
139:Institutional and funder mandates
21:Open educational resources policy
3081:
2572:"MIT Faculty Open Access Policy"
2502:"Open Access at Duke University"
2482:Mock, Geoffrey (21 March 2010).
2046:"MIT Faculty Open-Access Policy"
1082:Shieber, Stuart (30 June 2009).
749:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
606:
442:
3277:Budapest Open Access Initiative
3166:
2990:
2963:
2927:
2915:. 1105 Media Inc. Ed-Tech Group
2909:"CU Boulder Adopts Open Access"
2900:
2870:
2848:"CU Boulder Open Access Policy"
2840:
2814:
2788:
2762:
2732:
2702:
2676:
2650:
2621:
2590:
2564:
2546:
2520:
2494:
2475:
2450:
2423:
2397:
2370:
2365:Pasteur4OA Workpackage 3 Report
2355:
2342:
2316:
2305:
2272:
2253:
2228:
2202:
2126:
2104:
2082:
2060:
2038:
2016:
1991:
1978:
1930:
1904:
1883:
1858:
1833:
1807:
1776:
1737:
1712:
1687:
1675:. European Union. December 2006
1662:
1650:
1636:
1608:
1594:
1576:
1559:
1522:
1508:
1486:
1458:
1387:
1362:
1337:
1326:
1301:
1296:description of the consultation
1284:
1272:
1260:
1224:
1185:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1103:
404:for Wellcome Open Research and
3376:Directory of Open Access Books
1069:
1026:
1005:
994:
968:
917:
903:(1). UK Serials Group: 30–34.
884:
841:
755:University of Colorado Boulder
309:United States funding agencies
1:
3395:Initiative for Open Citations
835:
643:Duke also in 2010 joined the
316:National Institutes of Health
100:National Institutes of Health
3597:List of open-access journals
3587:Access to Knowledge movement
3226:Copyright transfer agreement
1209:& Darren Wershler, Eds.)
866:10.1016/j.serrev.2004.09.013
264:
7:
3348:Delayed open-access journal
3211:Subscription business model
2938:. The University of Kansas.
2409:Harvard Open Access Project
1078:, pp. 87, which cites
813:
10:
3687:
3343:Hybrid open-access journal
3019:
3004:. The University of Kansas
2978:. The University of Kansas
2776:. University of California
2576:Scholarly Publishing @ MIT
1247:10.1038/d41586-020-02134-6
891:Pinfield, Stephen (2005).
241:their papers in their own
18:
3605:
3579:
3458:
3430:Public Library of Science
3415:Open Knowledge Foundation
3356:
3320:
3269:
3256:Article processing charge
3192:
3174:
2506:Duke University Libraries
1961:Poynder, Richard (2011).
1819:Impact of Social Sciences
1770:10.1088/2058-7058/30/5/10
743:14 September 2017 at the
512:University of Southampton
482:University College London
378:European funding agencies
342:Department of Agriculture
270:Canadian funding agencies
120:European Research Council
80:University College London
3666:Open access (publishing)
3435:Public Knowledge Project
3420:Open Society Foundations
3410:Open Archives Initiative
3307:NIH Public Access Policy
2684:"GSE Open Access Motion"
2184:"Institutional Policies"
1845:wellcomeopenresearch.org
1444:"Public Access Homepage"
1201:24 February 2012 at the
942:10.1087/0953151052801479
820:NIH Public Access Policy
729:University of California
723:University of California
437:Institutional Repository
421:Institutional Repository
338:open-access repositories
324:institutional repository
243:institutional repository
206:institutional repository
104:NIH Public Access Policy
52:institutional repository
2822:"ASCE Takedown Notices"
2770:"UC Open Access Policy"
1744:Banks, Michael (2017).
632:On March 21, 2010, the
591:20 October 2020 at the
575:February 2013 directive
480:in the United States,
56:disciplinary repository
3338:Open-access repository
2664:. Princeton University
2638:. Princeton University
2603:MIT Faculty Newsletter
2554:"Open Access Policies"
2298:10.5210/fm.v11i10.1409
1988:(in E Rodrigues, Ed. )
1963:Open Access By Numbers
1446:. Publicaccess.nih.gov
709:On June 26, 2008, the
502:Open Society Institute
452:
362:On August 25, 2022 US
292:On 27 February 2015 a
179:Encouragement policies
3366:The Cost of Knowledge
2750:. Stanford University
2690:. Stanford University
2140:on 27 September 2011.
1870:gatesopenresearch.org
1866:"Gates Open Research"
1700:. European Commission
450:
280:PubMed Central Canada
62:("Gold OA") or both.
3261:Predatory publishing
3110:Open Access Overview
2658:"Open Access Policy"
2161:on 21 September 2013
1585:"Public Access Plan"
1532:(22 February 2013),
1496:(14 February 2013).
790:University of Kansas
781:30 June 2019 at the
766:30 June 2019 at the
698:Princeton University
692:Princeton University
346:Department of Energy
108:Research Councils UK
3516:Republic of Ireland
3333:Open-access mandate
3115:19 May 2007 at the
3099:Open-access mandate
3062:Chapter 4, Policies
1968:2 July 2017 at the
1762:2017PhyW...30e...6B
1040:on 23 February 2018
711:Stanford University
705:Stanford University
597:"HowOpenIsIt? Guide
410:Gates Open Research
384:European Commission
382:In April 2006, the
92:University of Liège
88:University of Minho
60:open-access journal
28:open-access mandate
3312:Research Works Act
3302:Geneva Declaration
3287:Bethesda Statement
3282:Berlin Declaration
3236:Scientific journal
2330:on 30 October 2012
2279:Sale, AHJ (2006).
2190:on 5 February 2018
1918:on 20 October 2018
1572:. 7 November 2014.
1207:Rosemary J. Coombe
1158:on 27 October 2011
956:on 4 February 2012
930:Learned Publishing
872:on 5 February 2012
761:Open Access Policy
665:Open Access Policy
661:Harvard University
655:Harvard University
474:Harvard University
453:
433:Open Access Button
300:On 1 May 2015 the
170:has remarked that
72:Harvard University
3653:
3652:
3216:Subscribe to Open
3002:KU Policy Library
2951:Missing or empty
2936:KU Policy Library
2913:Campus Technology
2508:. Duke University
2436:Campus Technology
2377:Yaplee, Darlene.
2216:on 22 August 2019
1554:National Archives
1504:on 14 March 2019.
1298:on NSERC website.
1152:The Royal Society
982:. 24 October 2012
467:Tracking mandates
348:. DOE also hosts
249:Timing of deposit
185:Loophole mandates
3678:
3386:
3383:
3371:Creative Commons
3297:Durham Statement
3231:Academic journal
3161:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3085:
3084:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2970:Smith, Rebecca.
2967:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2907:Bolkan, Joshua.
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2374:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2326:. Archived from
2320:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2136:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1999:"ROARMAP - Home"
1995:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1914:. Archived from
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1791:. Archived from
1780:
1774:
1773:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1618:. 24 March 2020.
1612:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1538:
1530:Holdren, John P.
1526:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1500:. Archived from
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1400:. Archived from
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1341:
1335:
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1324:
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1321:
1319:
1305:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:. Archived from
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1036:. Archived from
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1009:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
952:. Archived from
921:
915:
914:
912:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
868:. Archived from
845:
716:GSE Open Archive
423:software (e.g.,
406:Gates Foundation
395:publications in
233:Locus of deposit
173:
152:Open Access Week
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3625:Open government
3601:
3592:Access2Research
3575:
3454:
3378:
3358:
3352:
3316:
3265:
3188:
3170:
3165:
3117:Wayback Machine
3106:
3105:
3104:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3060:See especially
3051:
3049:
3047:
3022:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2968:
2964:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2888:on 30 June 2019
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2720:on 7 April 2014
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
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2627:
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2595:
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2317:
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2306:
2277:
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2258:
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2234:
2233:
2229:
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2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
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2164:
2162:
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2152:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1970:Wayback Machine
1960:
1956:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
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1888:
1884:
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1849:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1795:on 17 June 2017
1781:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
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1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
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1692:
1688:
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1672:
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1637:
1628:
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1614:
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1600:
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1577:
1569:
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1527:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1395:"Archived copy"
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1289:
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1261:
1229:
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1217:
1213:
1203:Wayback Machine
1190:
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995:
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974:
973:
969:
959:
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889:
885:
875:
873:
846:
842:
838:
816:
804:KU ScholarWorks
796:KU ScholarWorks
792:
783:Wayback Machine
776:set of policies
768:Wayback Machine
757:
745:Wayback Machine
725:
707:
694:
677:
663:approved their
657:
634:Duke University
630:
628:Duke University
614:
609:
593:Wayback Machine
555:
469:
458:Thomson Reuters
445:
380:
311:
272:
267:
259:
251:
235:
171:
164:
141:
68:
66:Characteristics
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:Open knowledge
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Open education
3617:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
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2114:. eprints.org
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2026:. eprints.org
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1821:. 8 June 2017
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3357:Projects and
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3095:profile for
3092:
3050:. Retrieved
3031:
3027:Suber, Peter
3006:. Retrieved
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3526:Netherlands
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3168:Open access
3121:Peter Suber
3032:Open access
2266:Jisc, Hefce
1729:19 December
1704:19 December
1494:Peter Suber
1478:26 November
1093:23 December
1044:26 December
986:26 December
649:author fees
584:SPARC, the
566:decisions),
305:July 2015.
168:Peter Suber
44:open access
3660:Categories
3459:By country
3321:Strategies
3270:Statements
3241:Manuscript
3052:26 January
2953:|url=
2878:"Policies"
2334:26 January
2220:11 January
2194:11 January
2165:11 January
2134:"Handbook"
2118:11 January
2096:11 January
2074:11 January
2052:11 January
2030:11 January
2008:14 October
1379:20 October
1354:20 October
1318:20 October
1219:Suber 2012
1180:Suber 2012
1135:Suber 2012
1123:Suber 2012
1076:Suber 2012
1064:Suber 2012
876:11 January
836:References
772:CU Scholar
685:DSpace@MIT
486:ETH Zürich
102:(with the
96:ETH Zürich
3615:Open data
3466:Australia
3251:Postprint
3037:MIT Press
2488:DukeToday
2048:. ROARMAP
1948:1002.3074
1019:1210.8174
960:21 August
638:DukeSpace
577:from the
265:Instances
214:embargo.)
3546:Portugal
3405:OpenAIRE
3382:Wikidata
3246:Preprint
3193:Concepts
3184:Timeline
3113:Archived
3029:(2012).
2944:cite web
2415:17 April
2389:17 April
1966:Archived
1756:(5): 6.
1547:archived
1421:cite web
1411:12 March
1294:and the
1292:proposal
1290:See the
1255:32678332
1199:Archived
950:28137760
814:See also
779:Archived
764:Archived
741:Archived
733:Elsevier
589:Archived
534:OpenDOAR
389:OpenAIRE
344:and the
36:research
3571:Ukraine
3506:Hungary
3496:Germany
3486:Denmark
3476:Belgium
3471:Austria
3450:Sci-Hub
3221:Paywall
3203:versus
3179:History
3089:Scholia
3020:Sources
3008:19 July
2982:19 July
2976:KU News
2832:3 April
2806:3 April
2780:3 April
2754:3 April
2724:3 April
2694:3 April
2668:3 April
2642:3 April
2613:3 April
2582:3 April
2538:3 April
2512:3 April
2467:2 April
2442:2 April
2245:10 July
1922:23 June
1896:23 June
1875:17 June
1850:17 June
1825:17 June
1799:17 June
1789:Science
1758:Bibcode
1724:EUR-Lex
1450:5 April
1374:idrc.ca
1349:idrc.ca
897:Serials
825:ROARMAP
508:ROARMAP
429:EPrints
132:deposit
46:(1) by
3671:Policy
3566:Sweden
3551:Russia
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3536:Norway
3501:Greece
3491:France
3481:Canada
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3201:Gratis
3091:has a
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2919:19 May
2892:8 July
2862:19 May
2291:(10).
1679:20 May
1253:
1238:Nature
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529:SHERPA
521:SHERPA
425:DSPACE
366:under
222:Plan S
32:policy
3580:Other
3561:Spain
3521:Italy
3511:India
3385:]
3205:libre
3093:topic
2744:(PDF)
2632:(PDF)
2607:XXIII
2462:(PDF)
1943:arXiv
1698:(PDF)
1673:(PDF)
1588:(PDF)
1570:(PDF)
1550:(PDF)
1537:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1014:arXiv
946:S2CID
519:is a
368:Biden
30:is a
3292:DORA
3064:and
3054:2016
3041:ISBN
3010:2014
2984:2014
2957:help
2921:2015
2894:2021
2864:2015
2834:2014
2808:2014
2782:2014
2756:2014
2726:2014
2696:2014
2670:2014
2644:2014
2615:2014
2584:2014
2540:2014
2514:2014
2469:2014
2444:2014
2417:2014
2391:2014
2336:2016
2247:2013
2222:2012
2196:2012
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