747:
767:) in persons without a confirmed infection is recommended, because of the possible side effects of that treatment. First topical terbinafine medication (MOB-015) was launched in February 2024 in Sweden under the name Terclara. This medication recorded 76% mycological cure rate in two phase 3 studies. The topical property of this medication ensures that typical terbinafine side effects are not present (1000 times lower terbinafine levels in plasma). Roll-out in other countries will continue in the coming years.
867:
the authors say that terbinafine has a relatively benign adverse effect profile, with liver damage very rare, so it makes more sense cost-wise for the dermatologist to prescribe the treatment without doing the PAS test. (Another option would be to prescribe the treatment only if the potassium hydroxide test is positive, but it gives a false negative in about 20% of cases of fungal infection.) On the other hand, as of 2015 the price of topical (non-oral) treatment with
305:
37:
630:(WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. It accounts for around 10 percent of onychomycosis cases. In some cases, WSO is a misdiagnosis of "keratins granulations" which are not a fungus, but a reaction to nail polish that can cause the nails to have a chalky white appearance. A laboratory test should be performed to confirm.
297:
915:
A 2003 survey of diseases of the foot in 16 European countries found onychomycosis to be the most frequent fungal foot infection and estimated its prevalence at 27%. Prevalence was observed to increase with age. In Canada, the prevalence was estimated to be 6.48%. Onychomycosis affects approximately
898:
Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The
312:
The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath
866:
is used first and the PAS test is used only if the KOH test is negative, there is a good chance that the PAS will be done (because of either a true or a false negative with the KOH test). But the terbinafine treatment costs only $ 10 (plus an additional $ 43 for liver function tests). In conclusion
2428:
there was no statistical difference between the clotrimazole and TTO treatment groups in mycologic cure, clinical assessment, or patient subjective assessment of the nails. Although there was an 80% complete cure in the butenafine and TTO group, it was 0% in the TTO group at week 36. Trial design,
313:
and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. People with onychomycosis may experience significant
283:
Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population, with older people more frequently affected. Males are affected more often than females. Onychomycosis represents about half of nail disease. It was first determined to be the result of a fungal infection in 1853 by
2429:
longer treatment periods, incorporation into nanocapsules, or combination treatment with other antifungal agents may influence our future use of TTO for onychomycosis, but based on the present data we cannot recommend this treatment in clinical practice.
541:, longer exposure to fungi, nails which grow more slowly and thicken, and reduced immune function increasing susceptibility to infection. Nail fungus tends to affect men more often than women and is associated with a family history of this infection.
2546:
Verma S, Heffernan MP (2008). Superficial fungal infection: Dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, tinea nigra, piedra. In K Wolff et al., eds., Fitzpatrick's
Dermatology in General Medicine, 7th ed., vol 2, pp. 1807–1821. New York: McGraw
556:(tinea pedis), minor skin or nail injury, damaged nail, or other infection, and having diabetes, circulation problems, which may also lead to lower peripheral temperatures on hands and feet, or a weakened immune system.
2827:
2812:
1846:"Efficacy and safety of topical terbinafine 10% solution (MOB-015) in the treatment of mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study"
811:
Topical ciclopirox results in a cure in 6% to 9% of cases. Ciclopirox when used with terbinafine appears to be better than either agent alone. Although eficonazole, P-3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer), and
899:
risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant. Diabetics have vascular and nerve impairment, and are at risk of
782:
by mouth is not recommended due to side effects. Oral terbinafine is better tolerated than itraconazole. For superficial white onychomycosis, systemic rather than topical antifungal therapy is advised.
2938:
808:, led to cure rates two or three times better than the next-best topical treatment, ciclopirox. In trials, about 17% of people were cured using efinaconazole, as opposed to 4% of people using placebo.
778:(48% effective). They share characteristics that enhance their effectiveness: prompt penetration of the nail and nail bed, and persistence in the nail for months after discontinuation of therapy.
982:
treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. There is also ongoing development in
2598:
Gupta AK, Konnikov N, MacDonald P, Rich P, Rodger NW, Edmonds MW, et al. (October 1998). "Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: a multicentre survey".
2641:
Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Jain HC, Sibbald RG, Elewski BE, Daniel CR, et al. (May 1997). "A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: a multicentre study".
522:
Other molds more commonly affect people older than 60 years, and their presence in the nail reflects a slight weakening in the nail's ability to defend itself against fungal invasion.
750:
A person's foot with a fungal nail infection ten weeks into a course of terbinafine oral medication. Note the band of healthy (pink) nail growth behind the remaining infected nails.
280:, but there is no evidence that it works. The condition returns in up to half of cases following treatment. Not using old shoes after treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence.
2931:
2494:
Burzykowski T, Molenberghs G, Abeck D, Haneke E, Hay R, Katsambas A, et al. (December 2003). "High prevalence of foot diseases in Europe: results of the
Achilles Project".
552:, wearing socks and shoes that hinder ventilation and do not absorb perspiration, going barefoot in damp public places such as swimming pools, gyms and shower rooms, having
1957:"Nizoral (ketoconazole) Oral Tablets: Drug Safety Communication - Prescribing for Unapproved Uses including Skin and Nail Infections Continues; Linked to Patient Death"
2924:
671:
species invasion of the fingernails, usually occurring in persons who frequently immerse their hands in water. This normally requires the prior damage of the nail by
5191:
1533:
Shemer A, Davidovici B, Grunwald MH, Trau H, Amichai B (January 2009). "New criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of nondermatophyte moulds in onychomycosis".
903:, a potentially serious bacterial infection; any relatively minor injury to feet, including a nail fungal infection, can lead to more serious complications.
887:
4611:
1982:
Haugh M, Helou S, Boissel JP, Cribier BJ (July 2002). "Terbinafine in fungal infections of the nails: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials".
6211:
2156:
Gupta AK, Paquet M (2014). "Efinaconazole 10% nail solution: a new topical treatment with broad antifungal activity for onychomycosis monotherapy".
2025:
Baran R, Faergemann J, Hay RJ (November 2007). "Superficial white onychomycosis--a syndrome with different fungal causes and paths of infection".
1690:
5315:
6565:
6221:
3431:
1956:
591:
appear more useful than culture or direct KOH examination. To reliably identify nondermatophyte molds, several samples may be necessary.
6560:
5184:
317:
problems due to the appearance of the nail, particularly when fingers – which are always visible – rather than toenails are affected.
2559:
2158:
798:. Some topical treatments need to be applied daily for prolonged periods (at least one year). Topical amorolfine is applied weekly.
6236:
6216:
5636:
1630:
4798:
4482:
1917:"Update on the management of onychomycosis: highlights of the Third Annual International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy"
1148:
6196:
3738:
54:
5737:
5177:
1015:
845:
is not recommended as a treatment on present data. It was found to irritate the surrounding skin in some trial participants.
564:
The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing. The four main tests are a
4713:
4453:
4449:
746:
6173:
6054:
5742:
5722:
5691:
5914:
5661:
3520:
2691:
2683:
2061:
1662:
6178:
5937:
5727:
5717:
4663:
4019:
3421:
1808:
1585:
1261:
2210:
375:
and nondermatophytic molds are more frequently involved in the tropics and subtropics with a hot and humid climate.
371:. Dermatophytes are the fungi most commonly responsible for onychomycosis in the temperate western countries; while
4698:
4477:
4472:
4179:
3530:
633:
6338:
6049:
4803:
4444:
4391:
4169:
1676:
1658:
627:
580:. The sample examined is generally nail scrapings or clippings. These being from as far up the nail as possible.
325:
that sometimes form as a result of a fungus infection in another part of the body. This could take the form of a
1484:"Meta-analysis of the utility of culture, biopsy, and direct KOH examination for the diagnosis of onychomycosis"
5360:
4174:
3489:
3115:
2255:
Foley K, Gupta AK, Versteeg S, Mays R, Villanueva E, John D, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (January 2020).
859:
603:
2482:
537:
Advancing age (usually over the age of 60) is the most common risk factor for onychomycosis due to diminished
6328:
5986:
4518:
3682:
3373:
3210:
2231:
1470:
1319:
Szepietowski JC, Reich A (July 2009). "Stigmatisation in onychomycosis patients: a population-based study".
978:
Research suggests that fungi are sensitive to heat, typically 40–60 °C (104–140 °F). The basis of
6241:
6144:
5066:
4385:
3849:
3604:
3295:
3225:
2557:
Vender, Ronald B.; Lynde, Charles W.; Poulin, Yves (2006). "Prevalence and epidemiology of onychomycosis".
890:
found the cost for a 48-week efinaconazole course to be $ 178 for a big toe, and $ 89 for a different toe.
6011:
5138:
3599:
3130:
3085:
2708:
1405:
1362:
Chi CC, Wang SH, Chou MC (November 2005). "The causative pathogens of onychomycosis in southern Taiwan".
1290:
1279:
431:
248:
113:
6475:
6443:
6271:
5754:
5686:
5495:
5355:
5350:
4244:
4186:
3952:
3672:
2703:
1729:
688:
In many cases of suspected nail fungus there is actually no fungal infection, but only nail deformity.
588:
395:
1092:
Westerberg DP, Voyack MJ (December 2013). "Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment".
6465:
6156:
5455:
5385:
4974:
3874:
577:
526:
2916:
333:
in an area of the body that is not infected with the fungus. Dermatophytids can be thought of as an
255:. The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing.
6370:
6354:
6168:
6026:
4981:
4543:
4223:
3717:
3363:
3300:
3195:
2842:
2465:
407:
401:
507:
species mainly cause fingernail onychomycosis in people whose hands are often submerged in water.
6517:
6470:
6348:
6281:
6114:
5798:
5747:
5543:
5465:
5062:
5025:
4967:
4892:
4867:
4861:
4658:
4350:
4272:
3982:
3677:
3396:
3368:
2998:
425:
71:
1432:
Frazier, Winfred Taylor; Santiago-Delgado, Zuleica M.; Kenneth C. Stupka, I. I. (October 2021).
6365:
6059:
5976:
5894:
5884:
5671:
5666:
5420:
5090:
5021:
4760:
4749:
4678:
4668:
4653:
4559:
4524:
4496:
4461:
4433:
4251:
3957:
3869:
3185:
933:
662:
419:
159:
134:
2882:
1798:
1201:
Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Hawke K, Guo L, Kerin G, Bell-Syer SE, Magin P, et al. (July 2017).
763:
medications, either topically or by mouth. Avoiding use of antifungal therapy by mouth (e.g.,
6535:
6450:
6313:
6266:
6206:
6109:
5996:
5759:
5631:
5510:
5365:
4833:
4581:
4237:
4012:
3859:
3786:
3474:
3008:
2988:
1251:
259:
6418:
6359:
6121:
5626:
5608:
5603:
5563:
5236:
5007:
4997:
4811:
4708:
4703:
4567:
4490:
4429:
3205:
3003:
2978:
1433:
983:
731:
716:
229:
of the lower leg. A number of different types of fungus can cause onychomycosis, including
8:
6400:
6389:
6302:
6256:
6231:
6149:
5932:
5681:
5598:
5577:
5485:
5480:
5380:
5119:
4847:
4839:
4673:
4265:
3927:
3864:
3839:
3813:
3667:
3645:
3240:
3200:
3120:
3110:
2904:
2831:
727:
612:
413:
385:
6438:
6428:
6318:
6016:
5827:
5780:
5769:
5646:
5500:
5325:
5303:
5031:
5013:
4829:
4825:
4742:
4735:
4693:
4439:
3776:
3640:
3525:
3484:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3175:
2775:
2748:
2666:
2654:
2623:
2580:
2529:
2383:
2356:
2332:
2305:
2281:
2256:
2183:
2133:
2108:
2007:
1721:
1634:
1558:
1510:
1483:
1387:
1344:
1227:
1202:
700:
217:. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and
61:
4380:
3997:
2836:
6455:
6423:
6375:
6261:
6251:
6099:
5991:
5944:
5874:
5656:
5641:
5618:
5593:
5588:
5445:
5158:
5143:
4294:
4230:
4159:
4040:
3834:
3540:
3416:
3411:
3290:
3264:
3190:
3180:
3018:
2993:
2853:
2780:
2658:
2615:
2611:
2572:
2521:
2507:
2419:
2388:
2337:
2286:
2175:
2138:
2073:
2042:
1999:
1995:
1938:
1897:
1892:
1867:
1804:
1779:
1713:
1709:
1581:
1550:
1546:
1515:
1453:
1445:
1379:
1375:
1336:
1332:
1257:
1232:
1183:
1101:
1011:
917:
816:
are effective at treating fungal infection of toenails, complete cure rates are low.
553:
538:
516:
334:
252:
240:
124:
117:
105:
49:
2627:
2584:
2533:
2306:"The effectiveness of lasers in the treatment of onychomycosis: a systematic review"
2187:
2011:
1725:
1562:
1391:
1348:
644:
in healthy people, but is found more commonly when the patient is immunocompromised.
6333:
6297:
6031:
5613:
5558:
5505:
5460:
5298:
5267:
5096:
5052:
4992:
4911:
4728:
4648:
4637:
4409:
4345:
4045:
4005:
3932:
3781:
3687:
3635:
3505:
3280:
3215:
2893:
2770:
2760:
2670:
2650:
2607:
2564:
2511:
2503:
2378:
2368:
2327:
2317:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2167:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2034:
1991:
1928:
1887:
1879:
1774:
1769:
1757:
1705:
1542:
1505:
1495:
1371:
1328:
1222:
1218:
1214:
986:, which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.
805:
383:
When onychomycosis is due to a dermatophyte infection, it is termed tinea unguium.
210:
874:
The cost of efinaconazole treatment can be reduced to $ 65 per 1-month dose using
6527:
6094:
6001:
5879:
5817:
5793:
5553:
5490:
5450:
5405:
5231:
5218:
4953:
4308:
4201:
4196:
4137:
4100:
3917:
3844:
3515:
3230:
3075:
3013:
2847:
2713:
1671:
1667:
1605:
712:
692:
676:
667:
359:
429:. A common outdated name that may still be reported by medical laboratories is
6433:
6413:
6292:
6201:
6088:
6064:
6006:
5981:
5904:
5889:
5869:
5822:
5808:
5701:
5651:
5370:
5201:
5169:
5081:
4898:
4755:
4605:
4594:
4573:
4467:
4132:
4050:
4032:
3977:
3967:
3884:
3426:
3254:
2858:
2726:
2408:"Over-the-counter and natural remedies for onychomycosis: do they really work?"
2038:
1933:
1916:
836:
656:
621:
569:
493:
487:
318:
285:
266:
225:
may be affected, but it is more common for toenails. Complications may include
214:
2821:
1758:"Cost-effectiveness of Confirmatory Testing Before Treatment of Onychomycosis"
1500:
1302:
6554:
6512:
6460:
6287:
5954:
5812:
5803:
5788:
5583:
5430:
5425:
5400:
5390:
5259:
5153:
5114:
5047:
4960:
4883:
4788:
4772:
4721:
4587:
4554:
4549:
4330:
4142:
4120:
3962:
3937:
3854:
3722:
3589:
3449:
3401:
3333:
3305:
2699:
1449:
904:
868:
858:
According to a 2015 study, the cost in the United States of testing with the
801:
795:
696:
476:
368:
244:
109:
2568:
2171:
2109:"Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot"
2081:
1845:
770:
Medications that may be taken by mouth include terbinafine (76% effective),
6482:
6343:
6246:
6163:
6139:
6131:
5837:
5831:
5520:
5470:
5415:
5375:
5345:
5335:
5310:
5280:
5272:
5209:
4943:
4904:
4853:
4793:
4364:
4358:
4314:
4258:
4191:
4154:
4149:
4116:
4095:
3907:
3479:
3459:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3100:
2784:
2576:
2525:
2423:
2407:
2392:
2341:
2322:
2290:
2257:"Topical and device-based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails"
2179:
2142:
2077:
2046:
2003:
1783:
1717:
1554:
1519:
1457:
1383:
1340:
1236:
1187:
1105:
842:
779:
771:
545:
390:
354:
322:
314:
230:
2662:
2619:
1942:
1901:
1604:
Tosti, Antonella (31 Jul 2018). Elston, Dirk M; Vinson, Richard P (eds.).
839:
is unclear as the evidence is of low quality and varies by type of laser.
636:
is fungal penetration of the newly formed nail plate through the proximal
6276:
5959:
5899:
5475:
5440:
5435:
5395:
5320:
5254:
5241:
4928:
4782:
4643:
4599:
4510:
4300:
3942:
3767:
3469:
3135:
2877:
1883:
875:
829:
825:
775:
764:
760:
652:
648:
499:
481:
304:
277:
262:
218:
172:
100:
1824:
1431:
393:
involved in onychomycosis. Other dermatophytes that may be involved are
6487:
6307:
6226:
5949:
5847:
5293:
5246:
5223:
5148:
5131:
4923:
4817:
4683:
4420:
4400:
4339:
4086:
4059:
3902:
3743:
3620:
3338:
3310:
3080:
2899:
2765:
2373:
900:
813:
791:
787:
735:
637:
617:
273:
265:
taken by mouth appears to be the most effective but is associated with
226:
222:
176:
167:
147:
143:
77:
2804:
1803:(10 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. Chapter 33.
871:
was $ 2307 per nail, so testing is recommended before prescribing it.
529:
can cause damaged toenails to become thick, discolored & brittle.
6507:
5964:
5909:
5852:
5842:
5709:
5548:
5529:
5340:
5285:
4938:
4073:
3947:
3897:
3661:
3248:
3220:
3125:
2960:
2946:
2888:
1307:
921:
723:
672:
573:
549:
468:
346:
269:. Trimming the affected nails when on treatment also appears useful.
183:
139:
2516:
6499:
6408:
6323:
5969:
5864:
5859:
5568:
5534:
5330:
5125:
4688:
4068:
3972:
3594:
3574:
3510:
3464:
3406:
3343:
3285:
3105:
3054:
2983:
863:
722:
Other conditions that may appear similar to onychomycosis include:
708:
565:
235:
5924:
4504:
4028:
3771:
3625:
3535:
3454:
3441:
3391:
3320:
3044:
3039:
3034:
2493:
2441:
512:
1174:
Rodgers P, Bassler M (February 2001). "Treating onychomycosis".
4125:
4064:
3383:
3328:
3095:
3090:
3064:
2973:
2816:
1657:
584:
456:
350:
1481:
1200:
36:
4627:
4206:
4055:
3049:
2692:
2684:
979:
962:
955:
949:
942:
936:
704:
448:
444:
364:
1755:
1532:
296:
6079:
4077:
3630:
3149:
2968:
452:
330:
326:
2597:
258:
Onychomycosis does not necessarily require treatment. The
66:
White or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail
2211:"A Closer Look At A New Topical Option For Onychomycosis"
1756:
Mikailov A, Cohen J, Joyce C, Mostaghimi A (March 2016).
1981:
1868:"Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management"
1249:
4027:
1482:
Velasquez-Agudelo V, Cardona-Arias JA (February 2017).
1427:
1425:
2466:"Table 5, CDR Cost Comparison Table for Onychomycosis"
2254:
1203:"Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis"
2746:
2640:
1663:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1005:
2794:
2727:"Device-based Therapies for Onychomycosis Treatment"
2107:
Crawford F, Hollis S (July 2007). Crawford F (ed.).
1422:
888:
515:, though it persists if they later move to areas of
459:
to humans, it generally infects skin and not nails.
129:
Based on appearance, confirmed by laboratory testing
2357:"Laser Therapy for Onychomycosis: Fact or Fiction?"
1578:
2024:
1688:
832:of the affected nail appears to improve outcomes.
6212:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
2947:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
2556:
2405:
1406:"What is nail psoriasis, and how can I treat it?"
1318:
1253:Onychomycosis: Diagnosis and Effective Management
878:, bringing the treatment cost to $ 715 per nail.
6552:
5199:
1091:
548:heavily, being in a humid or moist environment,
5316:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
2406:Halteh P, Scher RK, Lipner SR (November 2016).
2102:
2100:
2098:
599:There are five classic types of onychomycosis:
2106:
2059:
2027:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1280:NHS Choices: Symptoms of fungal nail infection
1173:
6222:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
5185:
4013:
3432:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
2932:
2203:
1689:Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J (March 2003).
451:; though this fungus may be transmitted from
3086:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
2354:
2095:
2053:
2018:
1355:
1312:
719:, laboratory confirmation may be necessary.
2747:Piraccini BM, Alessandrini A (March 2015).
2399:
2261:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2155:
2113:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1751:
1749:
1691:"Guidelines for treatment of onychomycosis"
1575:
1361:
1250:Rigopoulos D, Elewski B, Richert B (2018).
1207:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1006:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
862:(PAS) was about $ 148. Even if the cheaper
5192:
5178:
4020:
4006:
2939:
2925:
2224:
1914:
1653:
1651:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1001:
999:
647:Endonyx onychomycosis is characterized by
479:, in particular members of the mold genus
247:, exposure to someone with the condition,
112:, exposure to someone with the condition,
4245:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
2774:
2764:
2560:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2515:
2382:
2372:
2331:
2321:
2280:
2200:Loceryl (5% amorolfine) package labelling
2159:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2132:
1932:
1891:
1773:
1509:
1499:
1226:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
683:
300:A case of fungal infection of the big toe
30:Dermatophytic onychomycosis tinea unguium
6217:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
5637:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
2483:Mayo clinic – Nail fungus: complications
1746:
1471:Mayo Clinic – Nail fungus – risk factors
1149:"Onychomycosis – Dermatologic Disorders"
920:and is 56% more frequent in people with
745:
308:Advanced fungal infection of the big toe
303:
295:
219:separation of the nail from the nail bed
4799:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4483:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
2303:
1865:
1648:
1569:
996:
6553:
6197:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
3739:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2060:Rodgers P, Bassler M (February 2001).
1434:"Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review"
1112:
1024:
5173:
4001:
2920:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1275:
1273:
291:
6566:Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
6237:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
4714:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
4454:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
4450:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
2442:"Ortho Dermatologics Access Program"
1796:
6174:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
6055:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
5692:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
44:A toenail affected by onychomycosis
13:
5915:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
5662:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
3564:
3521:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
2655:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6771624.x
2643:The British Journal of Dermatology
2600:The British Journal of Dermatology
2355:Liddell LT, Rosen T (April 2015).
2310:Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
1984:The British Journal of Dermatology
1915:Elewski BE, Hay RJ (August 1996).
1698:The British Journal of Dermatology
1594:
1535:The British Journal of Dermatology
1270:
1153:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1010:. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1135.
443:is now restricted to the agent of
14:
6577:
6561:Conditions of the skin appendages
6179:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
5938:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
3422:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2563:. 10 Suppl 2 (6_suppl): S28–S33.
640:. It is the least common form of
594:
4699:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
4478:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
4473:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
4180:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
3531:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
2612:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x
2508:10.1046/j.0933-7407.2003.00933.x
1996:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04825.x
1710:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05242.x
1547:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08805.x
1376:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01152.x
1333:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01618.x
853:
634:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
378:
349:of onychomycosis are all in the
35:
6339:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
6050:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
4804:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
4445:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
4170:White superficial onychomycosis
3541:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
2740:
2719:
2677:
2634:
2591:
2550:
2540:
2487:
2476:
2458:
2434:
2348:
2297:
2248:
2194:
2149:
1975:
1949:
1908:
1859:
1838:
1817:
1800:Sauer's Manual of Skin Diseases
1790:
1677:American Academy of Dermatology
1659:American Academy of Dermatology
1633:. Cmecorner.com. Archived from
1623:
1526:
1475:
1464:
1398:
910:
628:White superficial onychomycosis
532:
5361:Malalignment of the nail plate
4175:Distal subungual onychomycosis
3782:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
3490:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
3116:Infantile digital fibromatosis
2273:10.1002/14651858.CD012093.pub2
2125:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2
1775:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.4190
1295:
1284:
1243:
1219:10.1002/14651858.CD010031.pub2
1194:
1167:
907:is another rare complication.
754:
604:Distal subungual onychomycosis
1:
5987:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
4519:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
3374:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
3211:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1872:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
989:
511:mainly affects people in the
6242:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
6145:Folliculitis nares perforans
5067:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
4560:South American blastomycosis
4555:North American blastomycosis
4160:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
3850:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3605:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3296:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1921:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1576:James WD, Berger TG (2006).
956:
943:
927:
893:
741:
559:
7:
6012:Persistent edema of rosacea
5139:Granuloma gluteale infantum
4165:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
3131:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
973:
606:is the most common form of
544:Other risk factors include
432:Trichophyton mentagrophytes
249:peripheral vascular disease
114:peripheral vascular disease
10:
6582:
6444:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
6272:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
5687:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
5496:Staining of the nail plate
5356:Longitudinal erythronychia
5351:Lichen planus of the nails
4187:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
3953:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
2693:
2685:
2039:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.026
963:
950:
937:
860:periodic acid–Schiff stain
819:
589:periodic acid-Schiff stain
485:(name recently changed to
6526:
6498:
6399:
6388:
6329:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
6189:
6157:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
6130:
6077:
6042:
5923:
5779:
5768:
5700:
5528:
5519:
5456:Pterygium inversum unguis
5208:
5107:
5080:
5046:
4991:
4975:Syncephalastrum racemosum
4937:
4922:
4882:
4771:
4626:
4535:
4419:
4408:
4399:
4379:
4329:
4286:
4215:
4109:
4094:
4085:
4039:
3916:
3883:
3827:
3812:
3803:
3760:
3731:
3710:
3701:
3654:
3613:
3582:
3571:
3553:
3498:
3440:
3382:
3319:
3239:
3168:
3157:
3148:
3063:
3027:
2959:
2952:
2868:
2798:
2749:"Onychomycosis: A Review"
2066:American Family Physician
1501:10.1186/s12879-017-2258-3
1438:American Family Physician
1256:. John Wiley & Sons.
1176:American Family Physician
1094:American Family Physician
1008:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
961:"fungus", and the suffix
881:
835:As of 2014, evidence for
759:Most treatments are with
691:To avoid misdiagnosis as
620:and the underside of the
610:and is usually caused by
578:polymerase chain reaction
566:potassium hydroxide smear
340:
192:
182:
166:
154:
133:
123:
99:
91:
83:
70:
60:
48:
43:
34:
26:
21:
6371:Uncombable hair syndrome
6355:Trichorrhexis invaginata
6169:Hidradenitis suppurativa
6027:Periorificial dermatitis
4982:Apophysomyces variabilis
4544:Blastomyces dermatitidis
4259:Trichophyton schoenleini
4224:Epidermophyton floccosum
3718:Thrombocytopenic purpura
3364:Dermatitis herpetiformis
3349:Acute contact dermatitis
3301:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
3226:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
3196:Lichen simplex chronicus
3076:Epidermal inclusion cyst
2062:"Treating onychomycosis"
1934:10.1093/clinids/23.2.305
1866:Elewski BE (July 1998).
1291:Mayo clinic: Nail fungus
886:In 2019, a study by the
462:
408:Tricholosporum violaceum
402:Epidermophyton floccosum
367:), and nondermatophytic
6349:Trichomycosis axillaris
6282:Parakeratosis pustulosa
5799:Acne miliaris necrotica
5580:(male-pattern baldness)
5544:noncicatricial alopecia
5466:Purpura of the nail bed
5063:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
5026:Conidiobolus incongruus
4968:Lichtheimia corymbifera
4893:Cryptococcus neoformans
4862:Pseudallescheria boydii
4351:Malassezia folliculitis
4273:Trichophyton verrucosum
3983:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3978:Systemic histoplasmosis
3369:Porphyria cutanea tarda
2999:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2709:A Greek–English Lexicon
2569:10.2310/7750.2006.00056
2172:10.2310/7750.2013.13095
1670:: an initiative of the
1488:BMC Infectious Diseases
848:
786:Topical agents include
239:. Risk factors include
6366:Trichostasis spinulosa
6060:Periorbital dermatitis
5977:Papulopustular rosacea
5895:Acne with facial edema
5885:Acne keloidalis nuchae
5672:Folliculitis decalvans
5667:Graham-Little syndrome
5421:Onychoptosis defluvium
5091:Rhinosporidium seeberi
5022:Conidiobolus coronatus
4761:Pneumocystis pneumonia
4750:Pneumocystis jirovecii
4679:Candidal onychomycosis
4669:Antibiotic candidiasis
4525:Paracoccidioidomycosis
4497:African histoplasmosis
4462:Histoplasma capsulatum
4434:Coccidioides posadasii
4252:Trichophyton tonsurans
3958:Cicatricial pemphigoid
3875:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3870:Folliculitis decalvans
2323:10.1186/1757-1146-7-34
2232:"Drugs at FDA: JUBLIA"
970:"functional disease".
751:
684:Differential diagnosis
663:Candidal onychomycosis
447:skin infection of the
309:
301:
160:anti-fungal medication
135:Differential diagnosis
6536:Sebaceous hyperplasia
6451:Granulosis rubra nasi
6314:Pityriasis amiantacea
6267:Loose anagen syndrome
6207:Bubble hair deformity
5997:Gram-negative rosacea
5760:Nevoid hypertrichosis
5632:Pseudopelade of Brocq
5511:Twenty-nail dystrophy
5386:Nail–patella syndrome
5366:Median nail dystrophy
4834:Phialophora verrucosa
4664:Chronic mucocutaneous
4582:Talaromyces marneffei
4238:Microsporum audouinii
3860:Loose anagen syndrome
3787:Necrobiosis lipoidica
3723:Actinic/solar purpura
3397:Insect bite reactions
3186:Seborrheic dermatitis
3009:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2989:Molluscum contagiosum
2700:Liddell, Henry George
2446:www.orthorxaccess.com
1580:. Saunders Elsevier.
905:Infection of the bone
774:(60% effective), and
749:
651:along with a lack of
475:and nondermatophytic
307:
299:
260:antifungal medication
6419:Miliaria crystalline
6360:Trichorrhexis nodosa
5627:cicatricial alopecia
5609:Alopecia neoplastica
5604:Trichorrhexis nodosa
5237:Yellow nail syndrome
5008:Basidiobolus ranarum
4998:Entomophthoramycosis
4812:Exophiala jeanselmei
4709:Systemic candidiasis
4704:Perianal candidiasis
4568:Sporothrix schenckii
4491:Histoplasma duboisii
4430:Coccidioides immitis
3683:Annulare centrifugum
3206:Glucagonoma syndrome
3004:Basal-cell carcinoma
2979:Seborrheic keratosis
2470:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2072:(4): 663–72, 677–8.
1884:10.1128/CMR.11.3.415
1182:(4): 663–72, 677–8.
984:photodynamic therapy
732:yellow nail syndrome
717:yellow nail syndrome
616:, which invades the
253:poor immune function
162:, trimming the nails
118:poor immune function
6518:Fox–Fordyce disease
6303:Pili pseudoannulati
6257:Lichen planopilaris
6232:Hair follicle nevus
6150:Tufted folliculitis
5933:Perioral dermatitis
5682:Triangular alopecia
5599:Lichen planopilaris
5578:Androgenic alopecia
5486:Splinter hemorrhage
5481:Shell nail syndrome
5326:Half and half nails
5120:Fungal folliculitis
4848:Geotrichum candidum
4840:Chromoblastomycosis
4684:Candidal paronychia
4674:Candidal intertrigo
4266:Trichophyton rubrum
3928:Aphthous stomatitis
3865:Lichen planopilaris
3840:Androgenic alopecia
3646:Fixed drug eruption
3221:Pemphigus foliaceus
3121:Granular cell tumor
2304:Bristow IR (2014).
728:green nail syndrome
613:Trichophyton rubrum
414:Microsporum gypseum
389:is the most common
386:Trichophyton rubrum
6439:Occlusion miliaria
6429:Miliaria pustulosa
6319:Plica neuropathica
6017:Rosacea conglobata
5828:Acne medicamentosa
5647:Traumatic alopecia
5501:Subungual hematoma
5032:Conidiobolomycosis
5014:Basidiobolomycosis
4830:Fonsecaea compacta
4826:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
4694:Diaper candidiasis
4440:Coccidioidomycosis
3948:Pemphigus vulgaris
3777:Granuloma annulare
3641:Carcinoid syndrome
3526:Tuberous sclerosis
3485:Coccidioidomycosis
3359:Bullous pemphigoid
3354:Pemphigus vulgaris
3286:Secondary syphilis
3176:Contact dermatitis
2869:External resources
2766:10.3390/jof1010030
2502:(11–12): 496–505.
2374:10.3390/jof1010044
752:
701:contact dermatitis
310:
302:
292:Signs and symptoms
55:Infectious disease
6548:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6424:Miliaria profunda
6384:
6383:
6376:Woolly hair nevus
6262:Lichen spinulosus
6100:Trichilemmal cyst
6073:
6072:
5992:Glandular rosacea
5945:Phymatous rosacea
5875:Occupational acne
5657:Hot comb alopecia
5642:Pressure alopecia
5619:Alopecia mucinosa
5594:Traction alopecia
5589:Telogen effluvium
5167:
5166:
5159:Phaeohyphomycosis
5144:Hyalohyphomycosis
5076:
5075:
5042:
5041:
4878:
4877:
4622:
4621:
4375:
4374:
4340:Malassezia furfur
4325:
4324:
4295:Hortaea werneckii
4282:
4281:
4231:Microsporum canis
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3835:Telogen effluvium
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3697:
3696:
3549:
3548:
3417:Lichen spinulosus
3412:Keratosis pilaris
3291:Mycosis fungoides
3191:Stasis dermatitis
3181:Atopic dermatitis
3144:
3143:
3019:Trichoepithelioma
2994:Actinic keratosis
2914:
2913:
1661:(February 2013),
1017:978-1-4160-2999-1
932:The term is from
576:examination, and
539:blood circulation
517:temperate climate
441:T. mentagrophytes
335:allergic reaction
200:
199:
125:Diagnostic method
16:Medical condition
6573:
6397:
6396:
6334:Setleis syndrome
6298:Pili multigemini
6032:Pyoderma faciale
5777:
5776:
5614:Anagen effluvium
5526:
5525:
5461:Pterygium unguis
5381:Muehrcke's lines
5268:Onychotillomania
5194:
5187:
5180:
5171:
5170:
5097:Rhinosporidiosis
5053:Microsporidiosis
4993:Entomophthorales
4935:
4934:
4912:Trichosporonosis
4638:Candida albicans
4612:Adiaspiromycosis
4417:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4346:Tinea versicolor
4107:
4106:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4029:Fungal infection
4022:
4015:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3933:Oral candidiasis
3810:
3809:
3708:
3707:
3636:Erythema nodosum
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3506:Tinea versicolor
3344:Bullous impetigo
3281:Pityriasis rosea
3216:Lichen sclerosus
3201:Darier's disease
3166:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3111:Kaposi's sarcoma
2957:
2956:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2753:Journal of Fungi
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2723:
2717:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2361:Journal of Fungi
2352:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2104:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2050:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1762:JAMA Dermatology
1753:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1728:. Archived from
1695:
1687:. Which cites:*
1686:
1685:
1683:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1145:
1110:
1109:
1089:
1022:
1021:
1003:
966:
965:
959:
953:
952:
946:
940:
939:
806:azole antifungal
726:, normal aging,
525:Nail injury and
467:Other causative
437:T. interdigitale
396:T. interdigitale
321:are fungus-free
211:fungal infection
205:, also known as
95:Fungal infection
39:
19:
18:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6540:
6522:
6494:
6391:
6380:
6353:Trichorrhexis (
6185:
6126:
6095:Epidermoid cyst
6069:
6038:
6002:Steroid rosacea
5919:
5880:Acne aestivalis
5818:Excoriated acne
5794:Acne conglobata
5771:
5764:
5696:
5533:
5515:
5491:Spotted lunulae
5451:Psoriatic nails
5406:Onychomatricoma
5219:Onychogryphosis
5204:
5202:skin appendages
5198:
5168:
5163:
5103:
5072:
5050:
5038:
4995:
4987:
4954:Rhizopus oryzae
4941:
4926:
4918:
4874:
4767:
4618:
4531:
4412:
4389:
4384:
4371:
4321:
4309:Piedraia hortae
4278:
4211:
4202:Tinea incognito
4197:Tinea imbricata
4101:Dermatophytosis
4098:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4035:
4026:
3996:
3987:
3919:
3912:
3879:
3845:Alopecia areata
3823:
3805:
3791:
3748:
3727:
3703:
3693:
3650:
3609:
3595:Viral exanthems
3573:
3557:
3555:
3545:
3516:Pityriasis alba
3494:
3436:
3378:
3315:
3235:
3231:Zinc deficiency
3161:
3159:
3140:
3068:
3059:
3023:
3014:Nevus sebaceous
2948:
2945:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2864:
2863:
2807:
2793:
2792:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2714:Perseus Project
2682:
2678:
2639:
2635:
2596:
2592:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2404:
2400:
2353:
2349:
2302:
2298:
2267:(1): CD012093.
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2154:
2150:
2119:(3): CD001434.
2105:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2058:
2054:
2023:
2019:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1913:
1909:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1797:Hall B (2012).
1795:
1791:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1693:
1681:
1679:
1672:ABIM Foundation
1668:Choosing Wisely
1656:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1606:"Onychomycosis"
1602:
1595:
1588:
1574:
1570:
1531:
1527:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1360:
1356:
1317:
1313:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1213:(7): CD010031.
1199:
1195:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1155:. February 2017
1147:
1146:
1113:
1090:
1025:
1018:
1004:
997:
992:
976:
930:
913:
896:
884:
856:
851:
837:laser treatment
822:
757:
744:
686:
597:
562:
535:
465:
381:
343:
337:to the fungus.
294:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6579:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6458:
6456:Ross' syndrome
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6434:Miliaria rubra
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6414:Colloid milium
6405:
6403:
6394:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6293:Pili bifurcati
6290:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6252:Koenen's tumor
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6202:Acroosteolysis
6199:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6136:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6106:Steatocystoma
6104:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6089:Sebaceous cyst
6084:
6082:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6065:SAPHO syndrome
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6007:Ocular rosacea
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5982:Lupoid rosacea
5979:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5929:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5905:Acne necrotica
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Acne mechanica
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:Acne cosmetica
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5835:
5825:
5823:Acne fulminans
5820:
5815:
5809:Infantile acne
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5774:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5702:Hypertrichosis
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5652:Tumor alopecia
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5539:
5537:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5446:Plummer's nail
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5214:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5086:
5084:
5082:Mesomycetozoea
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5056:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5003:
5001:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4899:Cryptococcosis
4888:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4868:Allescheriasis
4858:
4857:
4856:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4756:Pneumocystosis
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4633:
4631:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4606:Emmonsia parva
4602:
4597:
4595:Scedosporiosis
4592:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4574:Sporotrichosis
4564:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:Histoplasmosis
4458:
4457:
4456:
4447:
4442:
4425:
4423:
4414:
4403:
4394:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4143:Dermatophytids
4140:
4133:Tinea corporis
4130:
4129:
4128:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4080:
4051:dermatomycosis
4037:
4036:
4033:mesomycetozoea
4025:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3968:Coxsackievirus
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3680:
3678:Gyratum repens
3675:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3600:Toxic erythema
3597:
3592:
3590:Drug eruptions
3586:
3584:
3577:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3427:Lichen nitidus
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Herpes simplex
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3163:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2885:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2839:
2824:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:Classification
2791:
2790:
2739:
2718:
2676:
2633:
2590:
2549:
2539:
2486:
2475:
2472:. 8 June 2019.
2457:
2433:
2418:(5): E16–E25.
2398:
2347:
2296:
2247:
2223:
2202:
2193:
2148:
2094:
2052:
2017:
1974:
1948:
1907:
1858:
1837:
1816:
1809:
1789:
1745:
1647:
1622:
1593:
1586:
1568:
1525:
1474:
1463:
1444:(4): 359–367.
1421:
1397:
1354:
1311:
1294:
1283:
1269:
1262:
1242:
1193:
1166:
1111:
1100:(11): 762–70.
1023:
1016:
994:
993:
991:
988:
975:
972:
929:
926:
912:
909:
895:
892:
883:
880:
855:
852:
850:
847:
828:) or surgical
821:
818:
756:
753:
743:
740:
734:, and chronic
693:nail psoriasis
685:
682:
681:
680:
660:
657:hyperkeratosis
645:
631:
625:
596:
595:Classification
593:
561:
558:
554:athlete's foot
534:
531:
527:nail psoriasis
494:Scopulariopsis
488:Neoscytalidium
464:
461:
380:
377:
351:fungus kingdom
345:The causative
342:
339:
319:Dermatophytids
293:
290:
286:Georg Meissner
267:liver problems
241:athlete's foot
198:
197:
196:~10% of adults
194:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
170:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
137:
131:
130:
127:
121:
120:
106:Athlete's foot
103:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
74:
68:
67:
64:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6578:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6513:Chromhidrosis
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6461:Hyperhidrosis
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:Pili annulati
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5955:Blepharophyma
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5813:Neonatal acne
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Tropical acne
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5789:Acne vulgaris
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Hypotrichosis
5582:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:Terry's nails
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:Onychoschizia
5429:
5427:
5426:Onychorrhexis
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Onychomycosis
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:Onychomadesis
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:Onychoatrophy
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:Nail clubbing
5258:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5200:Disorders of
5195:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Keratomycosis
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5115:Alternariosis
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5049:
5048:Microsporidia
5045:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4961:Mucor indicus
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4884:Basidiomycota
4881:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Aspergillosis
4787:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4743:C. tropicalis
4740:
4738:
4737:
4736:C. lusitaniae
4733:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4588:Talaromycosis
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4550:Blastomycosis
4548:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4505:Lacazia loboi
4502:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:opportunistic
4387:
4382:
4378:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4331:Basidiomycota
4328:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4121:tinea capitis
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Lichen planus
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Onychomycosis
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Tinea capitis
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:Miscellaneous
3802:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:Nonblanchable
3700:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3552:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:Hypopigmented
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Acne vulgaris
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Lichen planus
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Herpes zoster
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Parapsoriasis
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2906:
2905:Onychomycosis
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2704:Scott, Robert
2701:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:(4): 665–71.
2605:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2233:
2227:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:on 2008-05-14
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:(5): 879–82.
2032:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:(1): 118–21.
1989:
1985:
1978:
1963:. 19 May 2016
1962:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1927:(2): 305–13.
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:(3): 415–29.
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1847:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1812:
1810:9781451148688
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1768:(3): 276–81.
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1735:on 2017-08-10
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:(3): 402–10.
1703:
1699:
1692:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1637:on 2011-07-08
1636:
1632:
1626:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1587:0-7216-2921-0
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:(6): 413–20.
1369:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:Onychomycosis
1298:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1263:9781119226505
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
995:
987:
985:
981:
971:
969:
960:
958:
947:
945:
935:
934:Ancient Greek
925:
923:
919:
916:one-third of
908:
906:
902:
891:
889:
879:
877:
872:
870:
869:efinaconazole
865:
861:
854:United States
846:
844:
840:
838:
833:
831:
827:
817:
815:
809:
807:
803:
802:Efinaconazole
799:
797:
796:efinaconazole
793:
789:
784:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
748:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:lichen planus
694:
689:
678:
674:
670:
669:
664:
661:
658:
655:or subungual
654:
650:
646:
643:
642:tinea unguium
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
608:tinea unguium
605:
602:
601:
600:
592:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
557:
555:
551:
547:
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530:
528:
523:
520:
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483:
478:
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470:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
427:
426:T. soudanense
422:
421:
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
379:Dermatophytes
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
355:dermatophytes
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
298:
289:
287:
281:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:nail diseases
242:
238:
237:
232:
231:dermatophytes
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:tinea unguium
204:
203:Onychomycosis
195:
191:
187:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:, nail trauma
149:
145:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
110:nail diseases
107:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
73:
72:Complications
69:
65:
63:
59:
56:
53:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
22:Onychomycosis
20:
6483:Hypohidrosis
6476:Palmoplantar
6344:Trichomegaly
6247:Kinking hair
6164:Hidradenitis
6140:Folliculitis
6132:Inflammation
6021:
5838:Halogen acne
5832:steroid acne
5678:
5625:
5542:
5471:Racquet nail
5441:Pincer nails
5416:Onychophosis
5410:
5376:Melanonychia
5346:Ingrown nail
5336:Hapalonychia
5311:Chevron nail
5281:Ingrown nail
5273:Onychophagia
5247:Azure lunula
5232:Beau's lines
5124:
5089:
5061:
5020:
5006:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4944:Mucormycosis
4905:Trichosporon
4903:
4891:
4860:
4854:Geotrichosis
4846:
4824:
4810:
4794:Aspergilloma
4781:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4659:Vulvovaginal
4636:
4604:
4580:
4566:
4542:
4517:
4503:
4489:
4460:
4428:
4413:(yeast+mold)
4381:Subcutaneous
4365:White piedra
4359:Trichosporon
4357:
4338:
4315:Black piedra
4307:
4293:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4192:Tinea faciei
4164:
4155:Tinea manuum
4150:Tinea cruris
4117:Tinea barbae
4096:Dermatophyte
3908:Ingrown nail
3892:
3480:Dermatophyte
3475:Gonococcemia
3460:Folliculitis
3101:Neurofibroma
3069:subcutaneous
2898:
2887:
2876:
2852:
2841:
2826:
2811:
2759:(1): 30–43.
2756:
2752:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2721:
2707:
2679:
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2646:
2642:
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2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2427:
2415:
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2401:
2367:(1): 44–54.
2364:
2360:
2350:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2264:
2260:
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2238:. Retrieved
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2166:(3): 151–5.
2163:
2157:
2151:
2116:
2112:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2069:
2065:
2055:
2030:
2026:
2020:
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1983:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1875:
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1861:
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1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1819:
1799:
1792:
1765:
1761:
1737:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1701:
1697:
1680:, retrieved
1666:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1577:
1571:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1491:
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1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1327:(4): 343–9.
1324:
1320:
1314:
1301:
1297:
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1252:
1245:
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1196:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1152:
1097:
1093:
1007:
977:
967:
954:
941:
931:
914:
911:Epidemiology
897:
885:
876:drug coupons
873:
857:
843:Tea tree oil
841:
834:
823:
810:
804:, a topical
800:
790:nail paint,
785:
780:Ketoconazole
772:itraconazole
769:
758:
721:
690:
687:
666:
641:
611:
607:
598:
582:
563:
543:
536:
533:Risk factors
524:
521:
508:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
472:
466:
440:
436:
430:
424:
420:T. tonsurans
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
391:dermatophyte
384:
382:
372:
358:
353:and include
344:
323:skin lesions
315:psychosocial
311:
282:
276:-containing
271:
257:
234:
206:
202:
201:
188:Often recurs
101:Risk factors
6466:Generalized
6277:Monilethrix
6078:Follicular
5960:Gnathophyma
5900:Pomade acne
5755:Prepubertal
5738:generalised
5734:Congenital
5723:generalised
5564:universalis
5476:Red lunulae
5436:Platonychia
5396:Onycholysis
5371:Mees' lines
5321:Green nails
5292:ungrouped:
5255:Koilonychia
5242:Leukonychia
5217:thickness:
4929:Zygomycosis
4783:Aspergillus
4729:C. glabrata
4644:Candidiasis
4600:Emmonsiosis
4511:Lobomycosis
4301:Tinea nigra
4216:By organism
4110:By location
4041:Superficial
3963:Herpesvirus
3943:Leukoplakia
3768:Scleroderma
3655:Specialized
3583:Generalized
3558:involvement
3470:Candidiasis
3162:involvement
3136:Myxoid cyst
2984:Acrochordon
2878:MedlinePlus
2732:23 December
1541:(1): 37–9.
1410:www.aad.org
830:debridement
826:keratolytic
776:fluconazole
765:terbinafine
755:Medications
703:, nail bed
653:onycholysis
649:leukonychia
583:Nail plate
509:Scytalidium
500:Aspergillus
482:Scytalidium
439:. The name
278:nail polish
272:There is a
263:terbinafine
223:Fingernails
173:Terbinafine
87:Older males
84:Usual onset
27:Other names
6555:Categories
6488:Anhidrosis
6308:Pili torti
6227:Hair casts
5950:Rhinophyma
5848:Bromoderma
5679:ungrouped:
5294:Paronychia
5266:behavior:
5224:Onychauxis
5149:Otomycosis
5132:Fusariosis
4924:Zygomycota
4818:Eumycetoma
4654:Esophageal
4421:Onygenales
4401:Ascomycota
4087:Ascomycota
3903:Paronychia
3744:Vasculitis
3668:Multiforme
3666:Erythema (
3621:Cellulitis
3572:Blanchable
3321:Blistering
3311:Ichthyosis
3169:Eczematous
3081:Hemangioma
2900:Patient UK
2854:DiseasesDB
2451:2021-08-10
2088:2007-09-18
1739:2014-08-01
1682:5 December
1641:2010-08-05
1494:(1): 166.
1415:2022-06-18
990:References
901:cellulitis
824:Chemical (
814:tavaborole
792:amorolfine
788:ciclopirox
761:antifungal
736:paronychia
622:nail plate
546:perspiring
455:and their
274:ciclopirox
227:cellulitis
177:ciclopirox
168:Medication
148:paronychia
146:, chronic
144:dermatitis
142:, chronic
78:cellulitis
76:Lower leg
6528:Sebaceous
6508:Body odor
6471:Gustatory
6190:Ungrouped
6115:multiplex
6043:Ungrouped
5965:Metophyma
5910:Blackhead
5853:Chloracne
5843:Iododerma
5770:Acneiform
5743:localised
5728:patterned
5718:localised
5714:Acquired
5710:Hirsutism
5530:Hair loss
5341:Hook nail
5286:Anonychia
5108:Ungrouped
4939:Mucorales
4410:Dimorphic
4074:endothrix
4046:cutaneous
3898:Psoriasis
3806:disorders
3761:Indurated
3662:Urticaria
3614:Localized
3556:epidermal
3339:Varicella
3249:Psoriasis
3160:epidermal
3126:Leiomyoma
3028:Pigmented
2961:Epidermal
2889:eMedicine
1825:"MOB-015"
1450:1532-0650
1308:eMedicine
928:Etymology
922:psoriasis
918:diabetics
894:Prognosis
742:Treatment
724:psoriasis
673:infection
638:nail fold
574:histology
560:Diagnosis
550:psoriasis
469:pathogens
347:pathogens
193:Frequency
184:Prognosis
155:Treatment
140:Psoriasis
50:Specialty
6500:Apocrine
6409:Miliaria
6324:Poliosis
6022:variants
5970:Otophyma
5865:Tar acne
5860:Oil acne
5772:eruption
5748:X-linked
5569:Ophiasis
5549:Alopecia
5535:Baldness
5331:Hangnail
5126:Fusarium
4722:C. auris
4689:Candidid
4386:systemic
4138:Ringworm
4069:exothrix
3973:Syphilis
3920:membrane
3575:Erythema
3511:Vitiligo
3465:Impetigo
3442:Pustular
3407:Miliaria
3255:Corporis
3106:Xanthoma
3055:Melanoma
3035:Freckles
2894:derm/300
2785:29376897
2628:22038748
2585:74819774
2577:17204229
2534:20055970
2526:14641624
2517:1942/429
2424:28040821
2393:29376898
2342:25104974
2291:31978269
2188:10079807
2180:24800702
2143:17636672
2078:11237081
2047:17610995
2012:19682557
2004:12100193
1784:26716567
1726:33750748
1718:12653730
1610:Medscape
1563:42320540
1555:18764841
1520:28222676
1458:34652111
1392:43885361
1384:16262878
1349:26932678
1341:18793262
1237:28707751
1188:11237081
1106:24364524
974:Research
948:"nail",
864:KOH test
709:melanoma
707:such as
618:nail bed
471:include
243:, other
236:Fusarium
108:, other
62:Symptoms
6401:Eccrine
6110:simplex
5925:Rosacea
5830:(e.g.,
5559:totalis
5304:Chronic
5279:other:
5253:shape:
5230:color:
3772:morphea
3732:Papular
3711:Macular
3704:Purpura
3688:Ab igne
3673:Migrans
3626:Abscess
3554:Without
3536:Leprosy
3455:Rosacea
3392:Scabies
3384:Papular
3253:Tinea (
3241:Scaling
3045:Melasma
3040:Lentigo
2953:Growths
2848:D014009
2776:5770011
2712:at the
2671:5969796
2663:9205520
2620:9892911
2496:Mycoses
2384:5770012
2333:4124774
2282:6984586
2240:26 June
2134:7073424
1943:8842269
1902:9665975
1851:12 June
1830:13 June
1511:5320683
1364:Mycoses
1321:Mycoses
1228:6483327
668:Candida
570:culture
513:tropics
505:Candida
473:Candida
457:danders
373:Candida
360:Candida
213:of the
209:, is a
6392:glands
6286:Pili (
5554:areata
4126:Kerion
4065:Piedra
3918:Mucous
3814:Ulcers
3275:Faciei
3270:Manuum
3260:Cruris
3150:Rashes
3096:Lipoma
3091:Keloid
3065:Dermal
2974:Callus
2883:001330
2783:
2773:
2669:
2661:
2626:
2618:
2583:
2575:
2532:
2524:
2422:
2391:
2381:
2340:
2330:
2316:: 34.
2289:
2279:
2216:21 May
2186:
2178:
2141:
2131:
2076:
2045:
2010:
2002:
1967:20 May
1941:
1900:
1890:
1807:
1782:
1724:
1716:
1631:"AAPA"
1615:18 Jun
1584:
1561:
1553:
1518:
1508:
1456:
1448:
1390:
1382:
1347:
1339:
1260:
1235:
1225:
1186:
1159:2 June
1104:
1014:
882:Canada
794:, and
713:trauma
705:tumors
677:trauma
585:biopsy
497:, and
423:, and
365:yeasts
341:Causes
251:, and
158:None,
92:Causes
6390:Sweat
6122:Milia
6080:cysts
5299:Acute
4775:-like
4630:-like
4628:Yeast
4536:Other
4287:Other
4207:Favus
4056:Tinea
3265:Pedis
3050:Nevus
2859:13125
2837:110.1
2822:B35.1
2694:μύκης
2667:S2CID
2624:S2CID
2581:S2CID
2547:Hill.
2530:S2CID
2412:Cutis
2235:(PDF)
2184:S2CID
2008:S2CID
1893:88888
1733:(PDF)
1722:S2CID
1694:(PDF)
1559:S2CID
1388:S2CID
1345:S2CID
980:laser
964:-ωσις
957:mykēs
951:μύκης
820:Other
715:, or
587:with
477:molds
463:Other
449:mouse
445:favus
369:molds
5781:Acne
5521:Hair
5210:Nail
4773:Mold
4649:Oral
4390:and
4078:hair
4076:) =
4060:skin
4031:and
3885:Nail
3828:Hair
3631:Boil
3158:With
2969:Wart
2843:MeSH
2832:9-CM
2781:PMID
2734:2012
2686:ὄνυξ
2659:PMID
2616:PMID
2573:PMID
2522:PMID
2420:PMID
2389:PMID
2338:PMID
2287:PMID
2242:2014
2218:2015
2176:PMID
2139:PMID
2117:2007
2074:PMID
2043:PMID
2000:PMID
1969:2016
1939:PMID
1898:PMID
1853:2024
1832:2024
1805:ISBN
1780:PMID
1714:PMID
1684:2013
1617:2020
1582:ISBN
1551:PMID
1516:PMID
1454:PMID
1446:ISSN
1380:PMID
1337:PMID
1258:ISBN
1233:PMID
1211:2017
1184:PMID
1161:2018
1102:PMID
1012:ISBN
968:ōsis
944:onyx
938:ὄνυξ
849:Cost
453:mice
435:for
331:itch
327:rash
233:and
215:nail
4908:spp
4043:and
3565:Red
3067:and
2828:ICD
2813:ICD
2771:PMC
2761:doi
2651:doi
2647:136
2608:doi
2604:139
2565:doi
2512:hdl
2504:doi
2379:PMC
2369:doi
2328:PMC
2318:doi
2277:PMC
2269:doi
2168:doi
2129:PMC
2121:doi
2035:doi
1992:doi
1988:147
1961:FDA
1929:doi
1888:PMC
1880:doi
1770:doi
1766:152
1706:doi
1702:148
1543:doi
1539:160
1506:PMC
1496:doi
1442:104
1372:doi
1329:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
