328:
569:(DTM) has been formulated to grow and identify dermatophytes. Without having to look at the colony, the hyphae, or macroconidia, one can identify the dermatophyte by a simple color test. The specimen (scraping from skin, nail, or hair) is embedded in the DTM culture medium. It is incubated at room temperature for 10 to 14 days. If the fungus is a dermatophyte, the medium will turn bright red. If the fungus is not a dermatophyte, no color change will be noted. If kept beyond 14 days, false positive can result even with non-dermatophytes. Specimen from the DTM can be sent for species identification if desired.
377:
275:
25:
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Additionally, a Wood's lamp examination (ultraviolet light) may be used to diagnose specific dermatophytes that fluoresce. Should there be an outbreak or if a patient is not responding well to therapy, sometimes a fungal culture is indicated. A fungal culture is also used when long-term oral therapy
384:
Infected hair shafts are broken off just at the base, leaving a black dot just under the surface of the skin, and alopecia can result. Scraping these residual black dot will yield the best diagnostic scrapings for microscopic exam. Numerous green arthrospores will be seen under the microscope inside
234:
factors. Additionally, the products of these degradative enzymes serve as nutrients for the fungi. The development of cell-mediated immunity correlated with delayed hypersensitivity and an inflammatory response is associated with clinical cure, whereas the lack of or defective cell-mediated immunity
486:
the slide and the sample is examined with a microscope to determine presence of hyphae. Care should be taken in procurement of a sample, as false-negative results may occur if the patient is already using an antifungal, if too small a sample is obtained, or if sample from a wrong site is collected.
485:
Usually, dermatophyte infections can be diagnosed by their appearance. However, a confirmatory rapid in-office test can also be conducted, which entails using a scalpel to scrape off a lesion sample from the nail, skin, or scalp and transferring it to a slide. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to
859:
Tinea capitis (scalp) must be treated orally, as the medication must be present deep in the hair follicles to eradicate the fungus. Usually griseofulvin is given orally for 2 to 3 months. Clinically dosage up to twice the recommended dose might be used due to relative resistance of some strains of
580:
Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact with an infected host (human or animal) or by direct or indirect contact with infected shed skin or hair in fomites such as clothing, combs, hair brushes, theatre seats, caps, furniture, bed linens, shoes, socks, towels, hotel rugs, sauna, bathhouse,
451:
Dermatophytoses rarely cause serious illness, as the fungi infection tends to be limited to the superficial skin. The infection tends to self-resolve so long as the fungal growth does not exceed inflammatory response and desquamation rate is sufficient. If immune response is insufficient, however,
266:
Infections by dermatophytes affect the superficial skin, hair, and nails are named using "tinea" followed by the Latin term for the area that is affected. Manifestation of infection tends to involve erythema, induration, itching, and scaling. Dermatophytoses tend to occur in moist areas and skin
314:
More commonly occurs in men than women. Tinea cruris may be exacerbated by sweat and tight clothing (hence the term "jock itch"). Frequently, the feet are also involved. The theory is that the feet get infected first from contact with the ground. The fungus spores are carried to the groin from
344:
Round or ring shaped red patches may occur on non-bearded areas of the face. This type of dermatophytosis can have a subtle appearance, sometimes known as "tine incognito". It can be misdiagnosed for other conditions like psoriasis, discoid lupus, etc. and might be aggravated by treatment with
294:
The infection can be seen between toes (interdigital pattern) and may spread to the sole of the foot in a "moccasin" pattern. In some cases, the infection may progress into a "vesiculobullous pattern" in which small, fluid-filled blisters are present. The lesions may be accompanied by peeling,
615:
Zoophilic organisms are found primarily in animals and cause marked inflammatory reactions in humans who have contact with infected cats, dogs, cattle, horses, birds, or other animals. Infection may also be transmitted via indirect contact with infected animals, such as by their hair. This is
305:
Another implication of tinea pedis, especially for older adults or those with vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or nail trauma, is onychomycosis of the toenails. Nails become thick, discolored, and brittle, and often onycholysis (painless separation of nail from nail bed) occurs.
539:
are variable, so they are the least reliable criteria for identification. Clinical information such as the appearance of the lesion, site, geographic location, travel history, animal contacts and race is also important, especially in identifying rare non-sporulating species like
437:
The course of infection varies between each case, and may be determined by several factors including: "the anatomic location, the degree of skin moisture, the dynamics of skin growth and desquamation, the speed and extent of the inflammatory response, and the infecting species."
270:
Although symptoms can be barely noticeable in some cases, dermatophytoses can produce "chronic progressive eruptions that last months or years, causing considerable discomfort and disfiguration." Dermatophytoses are generally painless and are not life-threatening.
468:
Infection may become chronic and widespread if the host has a compromised immune system and is receiving treatment that reduces T-lymphocyte function. Also, the responsible species for chronic infections in both normal and immunocompromised patients tends to be
460:
Fortunately, dermatophytoses soon progress from the inflammatory stage to spontaneous healing, which is largely cell-mediated. Fungi are destroyed via oxidative pathways by phagocytes both intracellularly and extracellularly. T-cell-mediated response using
335:
Lesions appear as round, red, scaly, patches with well-defined, raised edges, often with a central clearing and very itchy (usually on trunk, limbs, and also in other body parts). The lesions can be confused with contact dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis.
246:(which is the Latin word for "worm"), though infections are not caused by worms. It is thought that the word tinea (worm) is used to describe the snake-like appearance of the dermatophyte on the skin. Toenail and fingernail infections are referred to as
619:
Geophilic species are usually recovered from the soil but occasionally infect humans and animals. They cause a marked inflammatory reaction, which limits the spread of the infection and may lead to a spontaneous cure but may also leave
433:
The fungi use various proteinases to establish infection in the keratinized stratum corneum. Some studies also suggest that a class of proteins called LysM coat the fungal cell walls to help the fungi evade host cell immune response.
856:, itraconazole, or griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is usually not as effective as terbinafine or itraconazole. A lacquer (Penlac) can be used daily, but is ineffective unless combined with aggressive debridement of the affected nail.
318:
The rashes appear red, scaly, and pustular, and is often accompanied by itch. Tinea cruris should be differentiated from other similar dermal conditions such as intertriginous candidiasis, erythrasma, and psoriasis.
512:. Trichophyton tonsurans, the causative agent of tinea capitis (scalp infection) can be seen as solidly packed arthrospores within the broken hairshafts scraped from the plugged black dots of the scalp. Microscopic
447:
Symptoms manifest from inflammatory reactions due to the fungal antigens. The rapid turnover of desquamation, or skin peeling, due to inflammation limits dermatophytoses, as the fungi are pushed out of the skin.
213:
material. The organisms colonize the keratin tissues causing inflammation as the host responds to metabolic byproducts. Colonies of dermatophytes are usually restricted to the nonliving cornified layer of the
1661:
588:, burns, excessive temperature and humidity. Adaptation to growth on humans by most geophilic species resulted in diminished loss of sporulation, sexuality, and other soil-associated characteristics.
441:
The ring shape of dermatophyte lesions result from outward growth of the fungi. The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin.
956:
477:
However, "the clinical manifestations of these infections are largely due to delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to these agents rather than from direct effects of the fungus on the host."
444:
For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail. For hair infections, fungal invasion begins at the hair shaft.
1654:
645:
to occur. In contrast, homothallic fungi are self-fertile and can complete a sexual cycle without a partner of opposite mating type. Both types of sexual reproduction involve
430:
In order for dermatophytoses to occur, the fungus must directly contact the skin. Likelihood of infection is increased if the skin integrity is compromised, as in minor breaks.
581:
and locker room floors. Also, transmission may occur from soil-to-skin contact. Depending on the species the organism may be viable in the environment for up to 15 months.
759:
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cells are likely responsible for controlling infection. It is unclear whether the antifungal antibodies formed in response to the infection play a role in immunity.
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1472:"BBL Prepared Tubed and Bottled Medium for Detection and Presumptive Identification of Dermatophytes Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM), Modified with Chloramphenicol"
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affects men more than women, and is uncommon in children. Even in developed countries, tinea pedis is one of the most common superficial skin infections by fungi.
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Later stages of tinea pedis might include hyperkeratosis (thickened skin) of the soles, as well as bacterial infection (by streptococcus and staphylococcus) or
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While even healthy individuals may become infected, there is an increased susceptibility to infection when there is a preexisting injury to the skin such as
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because of their inability to penetrate the viable tissue of an immunocompetent host. Invasion does elicit a host response ranging from mild to severe. Acid
3297:
3036:
753:
206:
for more information on this type of fungal life cycle). As of 2019 a total of nine genera are identified and new phylogenetic taxonomy has been proposed.
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For extensive skin lesions, itraconazole and terbinafine can speed up healing. Terbinafine is preferred over itraconazole due to fewer drug interactions.
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Infections occur more in males than in females, as the predominantly female hormone, progesterone, inhibits the growth of dermatophyte fungi.
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Often dermatophyte infection may resemble other inflammatory skin disorders or dermatitis, thus leading to misdiagnosis of fungal infections.
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2154:
195:
883:. Antibiotics may be necessary to treat secondary bacterial infections that occur in addition to the fungus (for example, from scratching).
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scratching from putting on underclothing or pants. The infection frequently extends from the groin to the perianal skin and gluteal cleft.
1056:"Toward a Novel Multilocus Phylogenetic Taxonomy for the Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 2017;182(1-2):5-31. doi:10.1007/s11046-016-0073-9"
385:
the stubbles of broken hair shafts at 400×. Tinea capitis cannot be treated topically, and must be treated systemically with antifungals.
849:
Tinea corpora (body), tinea manus (hands), tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (foot) and tinea facie (face) can be treated topically.
250:. Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues, but colonize the outer layer of the skin. Occasionally the organisms do invade
493:
Fungal culture medium can be used for positive identification of the species. The fungi tend to grow well at 25 degrees
Celsius on
363:
is the most common cause of out breaks of tinea capitis in children, and is the main cause of endothrix (inside hair) infections.
267:
folds. The degree of infection depends on the specific site of infection, the fungal species, and the host inflammatory response.
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are needed. While small microconidia may not always form, the larger macroconidia aids in identification of the fungal species.
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422:, systemic or topical, prescribed for some pre-existing pathology or given mistakenly for the treatment of misdiagnosed tinea.
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Jameson, J. Larry; Kasper, Dennis L.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2018-02-06).
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191:. There are about 40 species in these three genera. Species capable of reproducing sexually belong in the teleomorphic
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397:, only one hand is involved. Frequently both feet are involved concurrently, thus the saying "one hand, two feet".
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that commonly causes skin disease in animals and humans. Traditionally, these anamorphic (asexual or
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Anthropophilic dermatophytes are restricted to human hosts and produce a mild, chronic inflammation.
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is the most reliable identification character, but both good slide preparation and stimulation of
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Tinea capitis is characterized by irregular or well-demarcated alopecia (balding) and scaling.
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Degreef, H. J.; DeDoncker, P. R. (September 1994). "Current therapy of dermatophytosis".
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Midgley, G; Moore, M. K.; Cook, J. C.; Phan, Q. G. (1994). "Mycology of nail disorders".
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Since dermatophytes are found worldwide, infections by these fungi are extremely common.
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Dermatophytes cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails, obtaining nutrients from
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The mixture of species is quite different in domesticated animals and pets (see
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Trichophyton: rubrum, tonsurans, mentagrophytes, verrucosum, and schoenlenii
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In North
America and Europe, the nine most common dermatophyte species are:
637:. In heterothallic species, interaction of two individuals with compatible
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1997:
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General medications for dermatophyte infections include topical ointments.
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Children from ages 3–7 are most commonly infected with tinea capitis.
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1971:
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1359:(1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Lange Medical Books.
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Tinea corporis of the arm with an active border and central clearing.
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predisposes the host to chronic or recurrent dermatophyte infection.
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24:
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Contrary to the name, tinea pedis does not solely affect athletes.
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within a few days to a few weeks. In the culture, characteristic
373:, a form of tinea capitis in which crusts are seen on the scalp.
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Tosti, A.; Piraccini, B. M. (2003), "Dermatophyte infections",
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Tinea unguium (nails) usually will require oral treatment with
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About 76% of the dermatophyte species isolated from humans are
501:
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Tinea cruris (groin) should be kept dry as much as possible.
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can be seen interspersed among the epithelial cells, and the
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Tinea pedis is usually treated with topical medicines, like
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1497:"Recovery of dermatophytes from shoes and a shower stall"
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Dermatophytes reproduce sexually by either of two modes,
322:
388:
3797:
1444:"Tinea Capitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology"
1157:
Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. (2012).
401:
Onychomycosis, tinea unguium, or ringworm of the nail
1116:
295:maceration (peeling due to moisture), and itching.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1535:
339:
1670:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
616:followed by a rapid termination of the infection.
531:Culture characteristics such as surface texture,
16:Common label for a group of three types of fungus
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1587:
1401:, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 131–134,
452:infection may progress to chronic inflammation.
282:
1324:
1161:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
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1590:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1399:European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments
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1119:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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2736:
2155:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
1655:
1159:Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine
871:, and pills, or with medicines that contains
302:due to fissures developing between the toes.
1809:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
1102:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
353:Tinea capitis or scalp ("blackdot") ringworm
309:
1355:Hordinsky, Maria K.; Soutor, Carol (2013).
1325:Soutor, Carol; Hordinsky, Maria K. (2013).
238:Some of these skin infections are known as
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1225:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1195:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
1031:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
667:Microsporum: canis, audouinii, and gypseum
608:(soil) according to their normal habitat.
230:, and other proteinases reportedly act as
159:"plant") is a common label for a group of
4015:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
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1512:
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1079:
709:Infrequently isolated (less than 1%) are
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1635:Images and descriptions of dermatophytes
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473:immune response tends to be hyporeactive
375:
326:
278:Tinea pedis also known as athletes foot.
273:
4569:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4253:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
652:
4942:
2462:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
1538:"Sexual Reproduction in Dermatophytes"
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624:
323:Tinea corporis or ringworm of the body
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1054:de Hoog GS, Dukik K, Monod M (2016).
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389:Tinea manuum or ringworm of the hands
4484:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
4224:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
4220:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
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508:may form either on the hyphae or on
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
2287:
2244:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
1578:
1381:
1343:
455:
411:
204:Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
14:
4966:
2145:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
1628:
1301:
1233:
1183:
1145:
967:
825:Systemic medications (oral) like
591:
4469:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
4248:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
4243:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
3950:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
2254:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
1458:"Tinea manuum | DermNet NZ"
1430:"Tinea faciei | DermNet NZ"
1197:(Twentieth ed.). New York.
596:Dermatophytes are classified as
418:Ringworm infections modified by
23:
4574:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
4215:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
3940:White superficial onychomycosis
2264:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
1536:Metin B, Heitman J (Feb 2017).
1529:
1474:. Becton, Dickinson and Company
1464:
1450:
1436:
1422:
780:
575:
425:
369:is also a very common cause of
340:Tinea faciei or facial ringworm
34:needs additional citations for
3945:Distal subungual onychomycosis
2505:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
2213:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
1839:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1110:
1047:
950:
908:
791:
1:
4289:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
2097:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
1934:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1602:10.1016/S0190-9622(08)81263-7
1329:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
1287:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
1131:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81272-8
1033:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
901:
283:Tinea pedis or athlete's foot
4837:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
4330:South American blastomycosis
4325:North American blastomycosis
3930:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
2573:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2328:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2019:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1407:10.1007/978-3-662-07131-1_22
1285:Sherris Medical Microbiology
962:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
844:
481:Diagnosis and identification
7:
4909:Granuloma gluteale infantum
3935:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
1854:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
1029:Kauffman, Carol A. (2018).
889:
688:Trichophyton mentagrophytes
10:
4971:
3957:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
2676:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
1495:Ajello L, Getz ME (1954).
924:
916:
795:
760:Trichophyton raubitschekii
641:are required in order for
152:
143:
129:
4877:
4850:
4816:
4761:
4745:Syncephalastrum racemosum
4707:
4692:
4652:
4541:
4396:
4305:
4189:
4178:
4169:
4149:
4099:
4056:
3985:
3879:
3864:
3855:
3809:
3754:
3704:
3666:
3603:
3588:
3537:
3479:
3458:
3449:
3401:
3358:
3347:
3329:
3320:
3282:
3259:
3241:
3223:
3190:
3167:
3149:
3131:
3120:
3093:
3058:
3035:
3017:
3005:
2996:
2967:
2933:
2916:
2907:
2889:
2882:
2766:
2639:
2606:
2550:
2535:
2526:
2483:
2454:
2433:
2424:
2377:
2336:
2305:
2294:
2276:
2221:
2163:
2105:
2042:
1962:
1891:
1880:
1871:
1786:
1750:
1682:
1675:
1554:10.1007/s11046-016-0072-x
1283:Ryan, Kenneth J. (2018).
1072:10.1007/s11046-016-0073-9
806:Topical medications like
672:Epidermophyton: floccosum
555:Trichophyton schoenleinii
543:Trichophyton concentricum
310:Tinea cruris or jock itch
4752:Apophysomyces variabilis
4314:Blastomyces dermatitidis
4029:Trichophyton schoenleini
3994:Epidermophyton floccosum
2441:Thrombocytopenic purpura
2087:Dermatitis herpetiformis
2072:Acute contact dermatitis
2024:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
1949:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
1919:Lichen simplex chronicus
1799:Epidermal inclusion cyst
712:Epidermophyton floccosum
567:Dermatophyte Test Medium
4833:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
4796:Conidiobolus incongruus
4738:Lichtheimia corymbifera
4663:Cryptococcus neoformans
4632:Pseudallescheria boydii
4121:Malassezia folliculitis
4043:Trichophyton verrucosum
3643:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
3436:Sporopachydermiomycetes
3251:Calcarisporiellomycetes
2706:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2701:Systemic histoplasmosis
2092:Porphyria cutanea tarda
1722:Squamous-cell carcinoma
940:A Greek–English Lexicon
696:Trichophyton verrucosum
518:micro- and macroconidia
4950:Animal fungal diseases
4861:Rhinosporidium seeberi
4792:Conidiobolus coronatus
4531:Pneumocystis pneumonia
4520:Pneumocystis jirovecii
4449:Candidal onychomycosis
4439:Antibiotic candidiasis
4295:Paracoccidioidomycosis
4267:African histoplasmosis
4232:Histoplasma capsulatum
4204:Coccidioides posadasii
4022:Trichophyton tonsurans
3293:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
3243:Calcarisporiellomycota
3210:Ramicandelaberomycetes
3027:Neocallimastigomycetes
2681:Cicatricial pemphigoid
2598:Acne keloidalis nuchae
2593:Folliculitis decalvans
766:Trichophyton violaceum
742:Microsporum versicolor
704:Trichophyton tonsurans
381:
360:Trichophyton tonsurans
332:
279:
4604:Phialophora verrucosa
4434:Chronic mucocutaneous
4352:Talaromyces marneffei
4008:Microsporum audouinii
3760:(polyphyletic group).
3388:Schizosaccharomycetes
3050:Monoblepharidomycetes
3019:Neocallimastigomycota
2583:Loose anagen syndrome
2510:Necrobiosis lipoidica
2446:Actinic/solar purpura
2120:Insect bite reactions
1909:Seborrheic dermatitis
1732:Merkel-cell carcinoma
1712:Molluscum contagiosum
931:Liddell, Henry George
896:Hair perforation test
718:Microsporum audouinii
549:Microsporum audouinii
490:is being considered.
379:
330:
277:
4778:Basidiobolus ranarum
4768:Entomophthoramycosis
4582:Exophiala jeanselmei
4479:Systemic candidiasis
4474:Perianal candidiasis
4338:Sporothrix schenckii
4261:Histoplasma duboisii
4200:Coccidioides immitis
3676:Peribolosporomycetes
3623:Agaricostilbomycetes
3509:Collemopsidiomycetes
3383:Pneumocystidomycetes
3182:Entomophthoromycetes
3045:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
2926:Paramicrosporidiales
2406:Annulare centrifugum
1929:Glucagonoma syndrome
1727:Basal-cell carcinoma
1702:Seborrheic keratosis
1357:Clinical dermatology
1327:Clinical Dermatology
748:Trichophyton equinum
653:Frequency of species
471:Trichophyton rubrum;
252:subcutaneous tissues
43:improve this article
4955:Fungus common names
4890:Fungal folliculitis
4618:Geotrichum candidum
4610:Chromoblastomycosis
4454:Candidal paronychia
4444:Candidal intertrigo
4036:Trichophyton rubrum
3653:Spiculogloeomycetes
3628:Cystobasidiomycetes
3441:Trigonopsidomycetes
3411:Alloascoideomycetes
3368:Archaeorhizomycetes
3303:Archaeosporomycetes
3169:Entomophthoromycota
3108:Blastocladiomycetes
3103:Physodermatomycetes
3069:Caulochytriomycetes
2909:Microsporidiomycota
2651:Aphthous stomatitis
2588:Lichen planopilaris
2563:Androgenic alopecia
2369:Fixed drug eruption
1944:Pemphigus foliaceus
1844:Granular cell tumor
1501:J. Invest. Dermatol
837:, and itraconazole.
730:Microsporum equinum
679:Trichophyton rubrum
643:sexual reproduction
625:Sexual reproduction
366:Trichophyton rubrum
262:Types of infections
173:) mold genera are:
4802:Conidiobolomycosis
4784:Basidiobolomycosis
4600:Fonsecaea compacta
4596:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
4464:Diaper candidiasis
4210:Coccidioidomycosis
3729:Bartheletiomycetes
3681:Monilielliomycetes
3668:Ustilaginomycotina
3648:Atractiellomycetes
3633:Microbotryomycetes
3613:Tritirachiomycetes
3562:Laboulbeniomycetes
3298:Paraglomeromycetes
3233:Mortierellomycetes
3205:Dimargaritomycetes
3159:Basidiobolomycetes
3095:Blastocladiomycota
3037:Monoblepharomycota
2671:Pemphigus vulgaris
2500:Granuloma annulare
2364:Carcinoid syndrome
2249:Tuberous sclerosis
2208:Coccidioidomycosis
2082:Bullous pemphigoid
2077:Pemphigus vulgaris
2009:Secondary syphilis
1899:Contact dermatitis
1596:(3 Pt 2): S25–30.
1514:10.1038/jid.1954.5
1125:(3 Pt 2): S68-74.
754:Trichophyton kanei
382:
345:immunosuppressive
333:
280:
4937:
4936:
4929:Phaeohyphomycosis
4914:Hyalohyphomycosis
4846:
4845:
4812:
4811:
4648:
4647:
4392:
4391:
4145:
4144:
4110:Malassezia furfur
4095:
4094:
4065:Hortaea werneckii
4052:
4051:
4001:Microsporum canis
3765:
3764:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3696:Exobasidiomycetes
3691:Ustilaginomycetes
3686:Malasseziomycetes
3638:Classiculomycetes
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3529:Xylobotryomycetes
3489:Candelariomycetes
3339:Entorrhizomycetes
3316:
3315:
3225:Mortierellomycota
3151:Basidiobolomycota
3116:
3115:
3080:Sanchytriomycetes
2992:
2991:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2558:Telogen effluvium
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2420:
2419:
2272:
2271:
2140:Lichen spinulosus
2135:Keratosis pilaris
2014:Mycosis fungoides
1914:Stasis dermatitis
1904:Atopic dermatitis
1867:
1866:
1742:Trichoepithelioma
1717:Actinic keratosis
1336:978-0-07-176915-0
1294:978-1-259-85980-9
1040:978-1-259-64403-0
736:Microsporum nanum
724:Microsporum canis
393:In most cases of
166:Arthrodermataceae
141:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4962:
4867:Rhinosporidiosis
4823:Microsporidiosis
4763:Entomophthorales
4705:
4704:
4682:Trichosporonosis
4408:Candida albicans
4382:Adiaspiromycosis
4187:
4186:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4116:Tinea versicolor
3877:
3876:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3799:Fungal infection
3792:
3785:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3758:fungi imperfecti
3605:Pucciniomycotina
3601:
3600:
3552:Geoglossomycetes
3494:Coniocybomycetes
3456:
3455:
3416:Dipodascomycetes
3403:Saccharomycotina
3360:Taphrinomycotina
3356:
3355:
3331:Entorrhizomycota
3327:
3326:
3215:Kickxellomycetes
3177:Neozygitomycetes
3129:
3128:
3085:Chytridiomycetes
3015:
3014:
3003:
3002:
2972:
2971:
2914:
2913:
2887:
2886:
2795:
2775:
2758:classification,
2745:
2738:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2656:Oral candidiasis
2533:
2532:
2431:
2430:
2359:Erythema nodosum
2303:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2229:Tinea versicolor
2067:Bullous impetigo
2004:Pityriasis rosea
1939:Lichen sclerosus
1924:Darier's disease
1889:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1834:Kaposi's sarcoma
1680:
1679:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1622:
1621:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1394:
1379:
1378:
1352:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1299:
1298:
1280:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1154:
1143:
1142:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1083:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1026:
965:
954:
948:
927:
926:
919:
918:
912:
155:
154:
146:
145:
137:
132:
131:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4873:
4842:
4820:
4808:
4765:
4757:
4724:Rhizopus oryzae
4711:
4696:
4688:
4644:
4537:
4388:
4301:
4182:
4159:
4154:
4141:
4091:
4079:Piedraia hortae
4048:
3981:
3972:Tinea incognito
3967:Tinea imbricata
3871:Dermatophytosis
3868:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3766:
3761:
3738:
3734:Tremellomycetes
3724:Wallemiomycetes
3706:Agaricomycotina
3700:
3662:
3658:Pucciniomycetes
3592:
3576:
3572:Sordariomycetes
3533:
3524:Lecanoromycetes
3514:Dothideomycetes
3504:Arthoniomycetes
3475:
3445:
3431:Saccharomycetes
3397:
3393:Taphrinomycetes
3373:Neolectomycetes
3351:
3343:
3312:
3278:
3269:Endogonomycetes
3255:
3237:
3219:
3192:Kickxellomycota
3186:
3163:
3145:
3124:
3112:
3089:
3060:Chytridiomycota
3054:
3031:
3010:
2988:
2976:Aphelidiomycota
2968:Aphelidiomyceta
2955:
2946:Metchnikovellea
2941:Chytridiopsidea
2929:
2920:Morellosporales
2903:
2878:
2877:
2793:
2771:
2762:
2749:
2719:
2710:
2642:
2635:
2602:
2568:Alopecia areata
2546:
2528:
2514:
2471:
2450:
2426:
2416:
2373:
2332:
2318:Viral exanthems
2296:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2239:Pityriasis alba
2217:
2159:
2101:
2038:
1958:
1954:Zinc deficiency
1884:
1882:
1863:
1791:
1782:
1746:
1737:Nevus sebaceous
1671:
1668:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1586:
1579:
1534:
1530:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1395:
1382:
1367:
1353:
1344:
1337:
1323:
1302:
1295:
1281:
1234:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1191:
1184:
1169:
1155:
1146:
1115:
1111:
1095:
1094:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1027:
968:
955:
951:
945:Perseus Project
913:
909:
904:
892:
860:dermatophytes.
847:
800:
794:
783:
655:
627:
594:
578:
483:
458:
456:Immune response
428:
420:corticosteroids
416:
413:Tinea incognito
403:
391:
355:
347:topical steroid
342:
325:
312:
285:
264:
254:, resulting in
171:imperfect fungi
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4968:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4856:
4854:
4852:Mesomycetozoea
4848:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4828:
4826:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4773:
4771:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4669:Cryptococcosis
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4638:Allescheriasis
4628:
4627:
4626:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4548:
4546:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4526:Pneumocystosis
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4376:Emmonsia parva
4372:
4367:
4365:Scedosporiosis
4362:
4361:
4360:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4344:Sporotrichosis
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4238:Histoplasmosis
4228:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4212:
4195:
4193:
4184:
4173:
4164:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3913:Dermatophytids
3910:
3903:Tinea corporis
3900:
3899:
3898:
3883:
3881:
3874:
3859:
3850:
3821:dermatomycosis
3807:
3806:
3803:mesomycetozoea
3795:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Agaricomycetes
3716:
3714:Dacrymycetales
3710:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3539:Sordariomyceta
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Eurotiomycetes
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Lichinomycetes
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3481:Dothideomyceta
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3466:Orbiliomycetes
3462:
3460:
3453:
3451:Pezizomycotina
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3308:Glomeromycetes
3305:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:Zoopagomycetes
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3141:Olpidiomycetes
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:(paraphyletic)
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3011:(paraphyletic)
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:Nucleophagales
2921:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2899:Rozellomycetes
2895:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:Mesomycetozoea
2865:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2804:Diaphoretickes
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Coxsackievirus
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
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2544:
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2539:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
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2449:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2401:Gyratum repens
2398:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2323:Toxic erythema
2320:
2315:
2313:Drug eruptions
2309:
2307:
2300:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2150:Lichen nitidus
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Herpes simplex
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
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1956:
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1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
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1714:
1709:
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1686:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:External links
1627:
1624:
1623:
1577:
1548:(1–2): 45–55.
1542:Mycopathologia
1528:
1484:
1463:
1449:
1435:
1421:
1415:
1380:
1366:978-0071772969
1365:
1342:
1335:
1300:
1293:
1232:
1203:
1182:
1167:
1144:
1109:
1060:Mycopathologia
1046:
1039:
966:
957:"dermatophyte"
949:
906:
905:
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
888:
846:
843:
839:
838:
823:
796:Main article:
793:
790:
782:
779:
777:for details).
771:
770:
707:
699:
691:
683:
674:
669:
664:
654:
651:
631:heterothallism
626:
623:
622:
621:
617:
613:
598:anthropophilic
593:
592:Classification
590:
577:
574:
495:Sabouraud agar
482:
479:
457:
454:
427:
424:
415:
410:
402:
399:
390:
387:
354:
351:
341:
338:
324:
321:
311:
308:
284:
281:
263:
260:
182:Epidermophyton
117:
116:
58:"Dermatophyte"
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4967:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:Keratomycosis
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:Alternariosis
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4818:Microsporidia
4815:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4731:Mucor indicus
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4654:Basidiomycota
4651:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Aspergillosis
4557:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4513:C. tropicalis
4510:
4508:
4507:
4506:C. lusitaniae
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4358:Talaromycosis
4356:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Blastomycosis
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:Lacazia loboi
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:opportunistic
4157:
4152:
4148:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4101:Basidiomycota
4098:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
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3946:
3943:
3941:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:tinea capitis
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3759:
3753:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3590:Basidiomycota
3587:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Leotiomycetes
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Xylonomycetes
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3471:Pezizomycetes
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Pichiomycetes
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Novakomycetes
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:Glomeromycota
3281:
3275:
3274:Mucoromycetes
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3133:Olpidiomycota
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:Microsporidia
2932:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2891:Rozellomycota
2888:
2885:
2883:Rozellomyceta
2881:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Stramenopiles
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2794:(major groups
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:fungal orders
2757:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Lichen planus
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Onychomycosis
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Tinea capitis
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:Miscellaneous
2525:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:Nonblanchable
2423:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2275:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:Hypopigmented
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Acne vulgaris
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Lichen planus
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
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1446:. 2019-11-09.
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936:
935:Scott, Robert
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604:(animals) or
603:
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511:
510:conidiophores
507:
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466:
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453:
449:
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414:
409:
408:
407:Onychomycosis
398:
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272:
268:
259:
258:development.
257:
253:
249:
248:onychomycosis
245:
241:
236:
233:
229:
225:
222:(proteases),
221:
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99:December 2008
91:
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77:
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4894:
4859:
4831:
4790:
4776:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4714:Mucormycosis
4675:Trichosporon
4673:
4661:
4630:
4624:Geotrichosis
4616:
4594:
4580:
4564:Aspergilloma
4551:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4429:Vulvovaginal
4406:
4374:
4350:
4336:
4312:
4287:
4273:
4259:
4230:
4198:
4183:(yeast+mold)
4151:Subcutaneous
4135:White piedra
4129:Trichosporon
4127:
4108:
4085:Black piedra
4077:
4063:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3962:Tinea faciei
3925:Tinea manuum
3920:Tinea cruris
3887:Tinea barbae
3866:Dermatophyte
3865:
3618:Mixiomycetes
3567:Sareomycetes
3261:Mucoromycota
3075:Coenomycetes
2853:Opisthokonta
2631:Ingrown nail
2203:Dermatophyte
2202:
2198:Gonococcemia
2183:Folliculitis
1824:Neurofibroma
1792:subcutaneous
1593:
1589:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1507:(1): 17–22.
1504:
1500:
1476:. Retrieved
1466:
1452:
1438:
1424:
1398:
1356:
1326:
1284:
1194:
1158:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1098:cite journal
1063:
1059:
1049:
1030:
960:
952:
938:
910:
885:
877:clotrimazole
865:ketoconazole
862:
858:
851:
848:
840:
831:griseofulvin
808:clotrimazole
801:
787:
784:
781:Epidemiology
772:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
702:
694:
686:
677:
671:
666:
661:
656:
639:mating types
635:homothallism
628:
595:
583:
579:
576:Transmission
571:
560:
553:
547:
541:
537:pigmentation
530:
492:
488:
484:
474:
470:
467:
459:
450:
446:
443:
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:Pathogenesis
417:
404:
395:tinea manuum
392:
383:
364:
358:
356:
343:
334:
317:
313:
304:
297:
293:
286:
269:
265:
237:
208:
188:Trichophyton
186:
180:
174:
164:
156:
147:
133:
122:Dermatophyte
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4699:Zygomycosis
4553:Aspergillus
4499:C. glabrata
4414:Candidiasis
4370:Emmonsiosis
4281:Lobomycosis
4071:Tinea nigra
3986:By organism
3880:By location
3811:Superficial
3421:Lipomycetes
3352:(sac fungi)
2951:Microsporea
2752:Opisthokont
2686:Herpesvirus
2666:Leukoplakia
2491:Scleroderma
2378:Specialized
2306:Generalized
2281:involvement
2193:Candidiasis
1885:involvement
1859:Myxoid cyst
1707:Acrochordon
1066:(1): 5–31.
869:terbinafine
854:terbinafine
835:terbinafine
827:fluconazole
820:terbinafine
792:Medications
522:sporulation
289:Tinea pedis
228:keratinases
220:proteinases
211:keratinized
196:Arthroderma
176:Microsporum
4944:Categories
4919:Otomycosis
4902:Fusariosis
4694:Zygomycota
4588:Eumycetoma
4424:Esophageal
4191:Onygenales
4171:Ascomycota
3857:Ascomycota
3756:See also:
3349:Ascomycota
3122:Zygomycota
2756:True fungi
2626:Paronychia
2467:Vasculitis
2391:Multiforme
2389:Erythema (
2344:Cellulitis
2295:Blanchable
2044:Blistering
2034:Ichthyosis
1892:Eczematous
1804:Hemangioma
1478:2008-12-07
1375:1002009246
902:References
881:tolnaftate
873:miconazole
816:miconazole
812:butenafine
798:Antifungal
600:(humans),
561:A special
533:topography
514:morphology
300:cellulitis
200:Ascomycota
69:newspapers
4878:Ungrouped
4709:Mucorales
4180:Dimorphic
3844:endothrix
3816:cutaneous
3007:Zoosporic
2984:Aphelidea
2848:Amoebozoa
2826:Alveolata
2814:Cryptista
2789:Eukaryota
2621:Psoriasis
2529:disorders
2484:Indurated
2385:Urticaria
2337:Localized
2279:epidermal
2062:Varicella
1972:Psoriasis
1883:epidermal
1849:Leiomyoma
1751:Pigmented
1684:Epidermal
1610:0190-9622
1221:cite book
1213:990065894
1177:743275888
845:Treatment
606:geophilic
602:zoophilic
232:virulence
216:epidermis
198:, of the
4896:Fusarium
4492:C. auris
4459:Candidid
4156:systemic
3908:Ringworm
3839:exothrix
2998:Eumycota
2843:Amorphea
2821:Rhizaria
2809:Hacrobia
2799:Excavata
2784:Bacteria
2696:Syphilis
2643:membrane
2298:Erythema
2234:Vitiligo
2188:Impetigo
2165:Pustular
2130:Miliaria
1978:Corporis
1829:Xanthoma
1778:Melanoma
1758:Freckles
1572:27696123
1523:13118251
1090:27783317
890:See also
775:ringworm
685:27% are
524:in some
349:creams.
240:ringworm
224:elastase
148:dermatos
144:δέρματος
136:"skin" (
3595:basidia
3322:Dikarya
2858:Animals
2779:Archaea
2495:morphea
2455:Papular
2434:Macular
2427:Purpura
2411:Ab igne
2396:Migrans
2349:Abscess
2277:Without
2259:Leprosy
2178:Rosacea
2115:Scabies
2107:Papular
1976:Tinea (
1964:Scaling
1768:Melasma
1763:Lentigo
1676:Growths
1618:8077504
1563:5285299
1139:8077512
1081:5283515
943:at the
701:3% are
693:7% are
647:meiosis
565:called
526:strains
516:of the
506:conidia
499:septate
83:scholar
3896:Kerion
3835:Piedra
3593:(with
2836:Plants
2773:Domain
2641:Mucous
2537:Ulcers
1998:Faciei
1993:Manuum
1983:Cruris
1873:Rashes
1819:Lipoma
1814:Keloid
1788:Dermal
1697:Callus
1616:
1608:
1570:
1560:
1521:
1413:
1373:
1363:
1333:
1291:
1211:
1201:
1175:
1165:
1137:
1088:
1078:
1037:
818:, and
763:, and
620:scars.
502:hyphae
256:kerion
161:fungus
157:phyton
150:) and
124:(from
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4545:-like
4400:-like
4398:Yeast
4306:Other
4057:Other
3977:Favus
3826:Tinea
3459:Other
3009:fungi
2863:Fungi
1988:Pedis
1773:Nevus
925:φυτόν
917:δέρμα
879:, or
586:scars
371:favus
244:tinea
202:(see
193:genus
153:φυτόν
134:derma
130:δέρμα
126:Greek
90:JSTOR
76:books
4543:Mold
4419:Oral
4160:and
3848:hair
3846:) =
3830:skin
3801:and
2608:Nail
2551:Hair
2354:Boil
1881:With
1692:Wart
1614:PMID
1606:ISSN
1568:PMID
1519:PMID
1411:ISBN
1371:OCLC
1361:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1227:link
1209:OCLC
1199:ISBN
1173:OCLC
1163:ISBN
1135:PMID
1104:link
1086:PMID
1035:ISBN
563:agar
552:and
535:and
405:See
185:and
62:news
4678:spp
3813:and
2288:Red
1790:and
1598:doi
1558:PMC
1550:doi
1546:182
1509:doi
1403:doi
1127:doi
1076:PMC
1068:doi
1064:182
959:at
867:or
633:or
463:TH1
242:or
163:of
139:GEN
45:by
4946::
4222:.
3828:=
3823:):
2754::
1612:.
1604:.
1594:31
1592:.
1580:^
1566:.
1556:.
1544:.
1540:.
1517:.
1505:22
1503:.
1499:.
1487:^
1409:,
1383:^
1369:.
1345:^
1303:^
1235:^
1223:}}
1219:{{
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1185:^
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1096:{{
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1062:.
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929:.
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814:,
810:,
757:,
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733:,
727:,
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715:,
649:.
558:.
546:,
226:,
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4821:(
4794:/
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4766:(
4716:)
4712:(
4701:)
4697:(
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4598:/
4202:/
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4153:,
3889:/
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3869:(
3841:/
3837:(
3832:;
3819:(
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2000:)
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1525:.
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1481:.
1460:.
1432:.
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1339:.
1297:.
1229:)
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1179:.
1141:.
1129::
1106:)
1092:.
1070::
1043:.
947:.
822:.
769:.
682:.
475:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
