82:. Sharp and Karpeles found to their delight that the Appalachians, then geographically isolated, were a strong preserve of traditional music and that many of the people they met were naturally gifted singers who knew a great number of songs. They were also intrigued to find that many of the songs the people sang to them were versions of songs Sharp had earlier collected from people in rural England, suggesting that the ancestors of the Appalachian residents had brought them over from the old country.
27:
215:
157:. The version Miss Shelton sang has twelve verses. It was published twice; first in the preliminary volume of folk songs prepared by Sharp and Karpeles after their first summer of fieldwork (Sharp and Karpeles 1917), then in 1932 after Sharp's death, in the much larger compendium of Appalachian folk songs that Karpeles edited from the full notes of their three summers' fieldwork.
284:
The enormous popularity of those recordings (and others following in their wake - see below) led to the curious situation of the song re-attaining folk status. It is one of the few songs that most
Americans know from childhood, and many are unaware of the mid-century recordings that promulgated it so
169:
The
Appalachian tradition characteristically spawned multiple variants of the same song. In the extreme case, the same basic set of words could be sung to more than one tune, or the same tune could adopt a completely different set of words. The now-standard tune of "On Top of Old Smoky" competed with
440:
In
Germany, the tune of the song was used as the chorus to singer Manuela's hit single "Ich geh' noch zur Schule" in 1963. The recording had nothing to do with the traditional heritage of the original song: "Ich geh' noch zur Schule" (meaning "I Still Go to School") tells the story of a teenage girl
173:
The tune of "On Top of Old Smoky" familiar to most people today was also paired with a completely different set of words in a folk song called "The Little Mohee", about a frontiersman who falls in love with an Indian maiden (or, in some versions, a sailor who falls in love with a South Seas maiden).
596:
This version too seems to have entered modern folklore, and it widely is known to children; one source writes of the original "On Top of Old Smoky" "if you can listen to it and not think about spaghetti, sneezing and meatballs, more power to you." The Dutch version, with as first line "een bord met
189:
Because the versions gathered in fieldwork vary so much, there is no particular version of "On Top of Old Smoky" that can lay claim to being the "authentic" or "original" version. The version that Sharp and
Karpeles collected from Memory Shelton can be read online (see Sharp and Karpeles (1917), in
753:
Pete Seeger (1961:60-61) offered two versions of the song, one with prolonged notes, the other not. He commented on the difference, hinting that the prolonged-note version was his own: "The first version given here shows how some songs can be adapted slightly for group singing. At the bottom is
66:
It is unclear when, where and by whom the song was first sung. In historical times folk songs were the informal property of the communities that sang them, passed down through generations. They were published only when a curious person took the trouble to visit singers and document their songs, an
827:
Indeed, it appears that in 1916 Memory
Shelton first sang this alternative tune to Sharp and Karpeles, then thought better of it, because the alternative tune appears, crossed out, at the top of the page of field notes Sharp and Karpeles made (Sharp and Karpeles 1916) when they worked with Miss
160:
American field workers were also active in the
Appalachians. A (tuneless) text for "On Top of Old Smoky", similar to what Memory Shelton sang, was published by E. C. Perrow in 1915, slightly before Sharp's fieldwork. In the following decades, still further variants of "On Top of Old Smoky" were
754:
the tune as it sounds better sung in the old solo way." The version with prolonged notes has, in small print, a representation of the "lining out" (spoken cuing of the next line for the group) that Seeger performed in his influential recording (see below) with the
Weavers.
250:
was a leading figure. His music, some of it drawn from scholarly sources like Sharp, was popular, and was disseminated widely in commercial recordings. Seeger modified a version of "On Top of Old Smoky" that he had learned in the
Appalachians, writing new words and
109:. Miss Shelton was part of a family several of whose members sang for Sharp. Memory Shelton's version differs in notes, rhythm, and wording from the version most people know today, but only modestly so; for instance the words of the first verse are as follows:
222:
Cecil Sharp collected
Appalachian folk songs just before the time when that music came to be "discovered" by the outside world and sold as a commercial product by the nascent recording industry, a development which would ultimately create the modern genre of
471:
sings a version of the song, but changes the lyrics to something about him losing his clothes, lunch, various other belongings, but eventually finds his way home and finds his mother with all the stuff he sang about losing.
347:", one of his big hits, and told the crowd something along the lines of "None of you know what song this is". When the audience replied with "Yes, we do", Rogers then began to sing "On Top of Old Smoky."
401:
episode #3.13 "Blue-Tail Fly" (ca. 1961), Dobie, Zelda and
Maynard use the tune and change the lyrics to "The Name's Dobie Gillis" to use as Dobie's campaign song for his student council election bid.
170:
a completely different tune, which Sharp and Karpeles encountered when they returned to the Appalachians for further fieldwork in 1917, and versions of this tune were also found by later fieldworkers.
772:
Perrow is not clear on where he got the text from; his label says: "From North Carolina; mountain whites; MS. written for E. N. Caldwell; 1913". E. C. Perrow (1915) Songs and Rhymes from the South.
818:
Sharp and Karpeles version published in Sharp and Karpeles (1932), vol. 2, p. 127. Two further versions of this alternative tune, collected in the 1950s, were published Brown and White (1977).
1331:. New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons. An early sketch containing a subset of the material in Sharp and Karpeles (1932). The relevant page of the book is currently posted on the internet at
1466:
361:
who in a revue paraphrased it as "Högt uppe på berget, jag har till en vän, förlorat en femma, jag lär nog aldrig se den utigen" (High up on the mountain, I have to a friend, lost a 5
1321:
Sharp, Cecil and Maud Karpeles (1916) "Old Smokey", unpublished page of field notes. Archives of Clare College, Cambridge; posted online by the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library:
699:
980:
Seeger's view is not implausible, since many American and English folk songs have common ancestry (see above), and the words for some English ballads are indeed preserved (as
67:
activity that in America began only around the turn of the 20th century. For this reason it is unlikely that an originator of "On Top of Old Smoky" could ever be identified.
198:
Old Smoky is plausibly a high mountain somewhere in the southern Appalachians, since so many versions recorded by fieldworkers were collected there. Possibilities include
1498:
265:, a folk-singing group that Seeger had co-founded, recorded a very popular version of the song, using Seeger's arrangement, on 21 February 1951. It was released by
853:
Pine Mountain, KY is likewise in the Appalachians, 72 air miles (but a three hour drive) from Allegheny, N.C., where Memory Shelton sang. Data from Google Maps.
458:
In 1964 during Beatlemania, Al Fisher & Lou Marks had "Paul George John and Ringo (All The Way to the Bank)" sung to the "Old Smoky" tune (Swan LP-514).
718:
902:
Williams (1995) gives 1923 as the first year that a folk musician was recorded for commercial purposes; this was a recording of the North Georgia fiddler
971:
University of Illinois Press, p. 72. In Seeger (1961:60) he says "I learned it from someone in the Smoky Mountains," though he does not say who or when.
1562:
1530:
1538:
1506:
455:", recorded a version called "Old Smokey Locomotion" (1963), with lyrics describing how the residents of Old Smokey caught on to The Locomotion.
105:
The version of "On Top of Old Smoky" that Sharp and Karpeles collected was sung to them on 29 July 1916 by Miss Memory Shelton in Alleghany,
1546:
801:
A list (without words or music) of five versions is given in Edwin C. Kirkland (1946) A Check List of the Titles of Tennessee Folksongs.
1015:
1632:
1263:
1080:
1091:
186:
from a singer named Mary Ann Bagley, and published by them in 1916, hence a year before the Sharp/Karpeles version mentioned above.
1490:
445:, claiming she wants to finish school first, but she might agree to a recording contract the following year after her final exams.
421:
190:
References below), and the version by Pete Seeger that greatly popularized the song in modern times (see below) is also online.
675:. For a detailed history of how Appalachian folk song was "discovered" around this time by scholars and other urbanites, see
70:
One of the earliest versions of "On Top of Old Smoky" to be recorded in fieldwork was written down by the English folklorist
1418:
1402:
1482:
1378:
878:. New York: H. W. Gray. The tune varies slightly from what is familiar today. The song may be viewed at Google Books:
1143:
1114:
502:
388:
235:, just west of the Appalachians. In 1925, Reneau made the trip to New York City to record the song, and others, for
1442:
730:
842:
316:
Following its reintroduction to America by the Weavers, the song became a standard item of popular music, sung by
1410:
1249:
397:
106:
1308:. Durham: Duke University Press. The material on "On Top of Old Smokey" can be read online at Google Books:
1737:
1732:
1611:
1522:
537:
343:
sometimes used the first part of "On Top of Old Smoky" as a joke in concert. He played the opening bars of "
1722:
1712:
1625:
1570:
1554:
1434:
1309:
357:
recorded a Swedish version. This was during a time of collaboration with showbiz impresario and songwriter
891:
781:
293:
A number of artists released their versions following the success of the Weavers' recording. A version by
1747:
863:
344:
243:
1352:
1329:
English folk songs from the southern Appalachians : comprising 122 songs and ballads, and 323 tunes
1727:
1691:
1450:
1426:
603:
463:
20:
350:
A great many versions followed in the ensuing decades. The following list is ordered chronologically.
1514:
741:
597:
spaghetti" ("a plate with spaghetti") by Rijk de Gooijer came out in 1963 as well. American musician
879:
1717:
1660:
1604:
1474:
732:, as well as Sharp and Karpeles (1916) identifying Memory Shelton as daughter of Mrs. Noah Shelton.
618:
sings a modified version: "On top of Old Smokey, all covered with hair/Of course I'm referring to
425:. On the sleeves notes it states 'He wrote and tried out OLD SMOKEY during his 1961 summer tour'.
1674:
1371:
1332:
1267:
1175:
903:
484:
428:
183:
547:
gangstered the lyrics to "On Top of Old Smoky" in the song "I'm troubled" on their 1998 release
1104:
313:& His Orchestra also had success with the song, reaching No. 8 on the chart in June 1951.
1742:
1646:
1458:
1062:
1044:
1023:
611:
480:
433:
203:
75:
31:
1238:
1578:
634:
used the tune (and also two other traditional American folktunes) in his final composition
271:
232:
55:
8:
1653:
676:
647:
1197:
533:
have sung the song during games to the words "I had a wheelbarrow, the wheel fell off".
259:." The sheet music for the song credited Seeger for "new words and music arrangement".
239:(Vo 15366). His version of "On Top of Old Smoky" used the alternative tune noted above.
1618:
1364:
792:
Seven versions collected in North Carolina are given by Brown and White (1977:170-173).
631:
35:
1222:
Glatter, Lesli Linka; Peyton, Harley; Engels, Robert (3 November 1990). "Episode 10".
1667:
1289:
1110:
652:
498:
492:
276:
1341:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. "On Top of Old Smoky" is song 64A of Volume 2.
981:
236:
967:
Seeger was himself a fieldworker as well as performer; see Thomas A. Adler (2011)
1306:
The Frank C. Brown Collection of NC Folklore: Vol. V: The Music of the Folk Songs
1131:
930:
619:
530:
452:
416:
256:
179:
862:
Data from the Brown University archive of Wyman's field notes (p. 7), online at
569:
704:
598:
519:
506:
409:
1169:
1706:
1597:
969:
Bean Blossom: The Brown County Jamboree and Bill Monroe's Bluegrass Festivals
615:
368:
362:
336:
329:
310:
266:
228:
224:
175:
79:
1063:"The Billboard Music Popularity Charts: Records Most Played by Disk Jockeys"
1045:"The Billboard Music Popularity Charts: Records Most Played by Disk Jockeys"
907:
442:
376:
340:
26:
1322:
1147:
945:
His recording is posted at the "Joop's Musical Flowers" site, cited below.
601:
recorded a version of "On Top of Spaghetti" for his 1992 children's album
379:
in nature, with more vocal ornamentation and a looser rhythmic structure.
523:
404:
358:
317:
294:
262:
252:
247:
231:, "The Blind Musician of the Smoky Mountains", who worked as a busker in
71:
51:
994:
227:. The first to make a commercial recording of "On Top of Old Smoky" was
206:
inhabitants, but exactly which mountain it is may be lost to antiquity.
1224:
577:
544:
514:
448:
354:
325:
321:
47:
74:, who during the First World War made three summer field trips to the
1387:
672:
383:
306:
298:
141:
that are customary today, instead assigning just one musical beat to
97:
54:, the song reached the pop music charts in 1951. It is catalogued as
479:(with lead vocals by Frida) as part of a medley that also included "
242:
In the 1940s through the mid 1960s, the United States experienced a
214:
805:, Vol. 59, No. 234 (Oct. - Dec., 1946), pp. 423-476. Available on
776:, Vol. 28, No. 108 (Apr. - Jun., 1915), pp. 129-190. Available on
475:
In 1978, "On Top of Old Smokey" was released by Swedish pop group
1316:
American favorite ballads: Tunes and songs as sung by Pete Seeger
1106:
Hit Songs, 1900-1955: American Popular Music of the Pre-Rock Era
956:
The Folk Handbook: Working with Songs from the English Tradition
133:. She also avoided the extreme prolongation of the syllables of
488:
468:
199:
501:
performed the song in Portland, Oregon a few months after the
806:
777:
560:
1356:
1351:
Extensive discussion at the site "Joop's musical flowers":
476:
161:
recorded by fieldworkers in North Carolina and Tennessee.
995:"DECCA (USA) numerical listing discography: 27500 - 27999"
837:"The Little Mohee" can be perused in Richard Chase (2014)
255:. He said that he thought that "certain verses go back to
209:
841:. Courier Corporation. Extract online at Google Books:
876:
Lonesome tunes: Folk songs from the Kentucky mountains
540:
performed a variant in their "Grisen i Säcken" revue.
174:
This tune was collected by the American fieldworkers
512:
In a 1990 episode of the American television series
193:
1221:
1171:
Brita Borg med Flickery Flies - Högt uppe på berget
914:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, p. 58
1290:http://soundbeat.org/episode/on-top-of-old-smokey/
687:See Sharp's Preface to Sharps and Karpeles (1932).
522:) sings the song to his hospitalized wife Nadine (
865:. The date of the field note entry is 8 May 1916.
353:In 1951, Swedish revue group Flickery Flies with
85:In one version the first verse is the following;
1704:
576:The hit song from 1963 "On Top of Spaghetti" by
373:The Mayor of McDougal Street: Rarities 1957–1969
78:seeking folk songs, accompanied and assisted by
567:made in 1953, attempted to sing "On Top of Old
269:as catalog number 27515, reaching No. 2 on the
164:
1372:
612:Schticks of One and Half a Dozen of the Other
1016:"How to Write a "On Top of Old Smokey" Poem"
933:Pete Seeger American Favorite Ballads, Vol 1
46:" (often spelled "Smokey") is a traditional
1304:Brown, Frank, and Newman Ivey White (1977)
780:(pay site), and currently posted online at
763:Sharp and Karpeles (1932), vol. 2, song 64A
407:included the song in a medley on his album
1379:
1365:
281:chart, and selling over a million copies.
1264:"El Platáno Blanco's Guide to Live Music"
926:
924:
922:
920:
874:Loraine Wyman and Howard Brockway (1916)
625:
213:
25:
1339:Folk songs of the Southern Appalachians
61:
34:(probable place of origin) viewed from
1705:
1337:Sharp, Cecil and Maud Karpeles (1932)
1327:Sharp, Cecil and Maud Karpeles (1917)
1261:
917:
431:covered the song for their 1962 album
210:Emergence of the song in popular music
1360:
1102:
695:
693:
419:recorded a version on his 1962 album
50:of the United States. As recorded by
1419:The Return of the Wayfaring Stranger
1403:Okeh Presents the Wayfaring Stranger
958:. Hal Leonard Corporation, p. 180.
13:
1491:It's Just My Funny Way of Laughin'
690:
529:Fans of the English football side
365:bill, I doubt I'll see it again).
328:, as well as (in a brief excerpt)
14:
1759:
1345:
536:In 1991, Swedish comedy group(s)
503:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
441:denying the tempting offers of a
389:Sing the Folk Hits With Jack Narz
288:
910:. Williams, Michelle Ann (1995)
803:The Journal of American Folklore
774:The Journal of American Folklore
744:, online edition, entry "spark".
461:On the 1975 Sesame Street album
386:recorded the song for his album
375:. This version sounds much more
305:chart in 1951. It became one of
301:on vocals reached No. 10 on the
19:For the 1953 American film, see
1282:
1255:
1243:
1232:
1215:
1190:
1178:from the original on 2021-12-21
1162:
1136:
1124:
1096:
1085:
1073:
1055:
1037:
1008:
987:
974:
961:
948:
939:
912:Great Smoky Mountains Folk Life
896:
884:
868:
856:
847:
831:
821:
812:
795:
786:
371:included the song on his album
1547:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1318:. New York: Oak Publications.
766:
757:
747:
735:
723:
711:
681:
665:
487:". The medley featured as the
398:The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
202:, named "Smoky Dome" by local
129:is a now-rare word that means
107:Madison County, North Carolina
1:
1563:The Times They Are a-Changin'
1386:
1298:
1262:Sparks, Jack (30 June 2004).
839:American Folk Tales and Songs
538:Galenskaparna och After Shave
1626:The Big Rock Candy Mountains
1571:Christmas at the White House
1555:Have a Holly Jolly Christmas
1435:Christmas Day in the Morning
7:
1069:. June 2, 1951. p. 20.
1051:. May 26, 1951. p. 20.
641:
554:
464:Bert & Ernie Sing-Along
165:Alternative tunes and words
10:
1764:
1692:List of works by Burl Ives
1507:America's Musical Heritage
1451:Burl Ives Sings... For Fun
1427:Historical America in Song
1109:. McFarland. p. 318.
21:On Top of Old Smoky (film)
18:
1684:
1589:
1394:
984:) from Elizabethan times.
742:Oxford English Dictionary
580:begins with the quatrain
543:Alternative country band
297:& His Orchestra with
1475:The Versatile Burl Ives!
1443:Down to the Sea in Ships
954:See John Morrish (2007)
658:
587:All covered with cheese,
559:The Mexican trio in the
1675:A Holly Jolly Christmas
936:, Folkways SFW CD 40150
591:When somebody sneezed.
589:I lost my poor meatball
565:For Whom the Bulls Toil
491:to the group's single "
429:Alvin and the Chipmunks
275:chart and No. 1 on the
194:Location of "Old Smoky"
184:Pine Mountain, Kentucky
1612:The Wayfaring Stranger
1411:The Wayfaring Stranger
1228:. Season 2. Episode 3.
626:Use in classical music
594:
219:
123:
120:By sparking too slow.
103:
92:All covered with snow,
39:
38:(perhaps, "Old Smoky")
1661:Funny Way of Laughin'
1647:The Wild Side of Life
1499:Sing of Faith and Joy
1459:Australian Folk Songs
582:
481:Pick a Bale of Cotton
434:The Chipmunk Songbook
217:
111:
87:
76:Appalachian Mountains
32:Appalachian Mountains
29:
1738:Year of song unknown
1733:Terry Gilkyson songs
1579:Christmas by the Bay
1314:Seeger, Pete (1961)
1186:– via YouTube.
505:as a tribute during
422:The Midnight Special
233:Knoxville, Tennessee
118:I lost my true lover
116:All covered in snow,
114:On top of Old Smoky,
94:I lost my true lover
90:On top of Old Smoky,
62:History as folk song
56:Roud Folk Song Index
1723:Vaughn Monroe songs
1713:American folk songs
1654:A Little Bitty Tear
1640:On Top of Old Smoky
1174:. 7 February 2012.
1103:Tyler, Don (2007).
908:Okeh Record Company
702:interviewed on the
648:American folk music
585:On top of spaghetti
518:, "Big Ed" Hurley (
309:' signature songs.
218:Pete Seeger in 1955
44:On Top of Old Smoky
1748:Songwriter unknown
1250:Gourds Chords Page
1239:sv:Grisen i säcken
1020:PoetryTeachers.com
604:Shake It All About
549:Gogitchyershinebox
244:folk music revival
220:
40:
1728:The Weavers songs
1700:
1699:
1668:Chim Chim Cher-ee
1633:Riders in the Sky
1483:Songs of the West
1467:Little White Duck
1198:"Allan Johansson"
982:broadside ballads
931:Liner notes from
653:Appalachian music
636:American Rhapsody
499:Bruce Springsteen
493:Summer Night City
257:Elizabethan times
1755:
1539:Chim Chim Cheree
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1266:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1022:. Archived from
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
991:
985:
978:
972:
965:
959:
952:
946:
943:
937:
928:
915:
900:
894:
888:
882:
872:
866:
860:
854:
851:
845:
835:
829:
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819:
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799:
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790:
784:
770:
764:
761:
755:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
697:
688:
685:
679:
669:
485:Midnight Special
382:Television host
16:Traditional song
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1718:Burl Ives songs
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1680:
1619:Lavender's Blue
1585:
1390:
1385:
1348:
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1296:
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1287:
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1260:
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979:
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929:
918:
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869:
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826:
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787:
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748:
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736:
728:
724:
716:
712:
698:
691:
686:
682:
670:
666:
661:
644:
628:
620:Smokey the Bear
610:In his medley "
593:
590:
588:
586:
557:
531:Notts County FC
453:The Loco-Motion
417:Harry Belafonte
291:
212:
196:
180:Howard Brockway
167:
122:
119:
117:
115:
102:
95:
93:
91:
64:
36:Clingman's Dome
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1515:Animal Folk
1274:20 December
904:John Carson
700:Pete Seeger
524:Wendy Robie
405:Bing Crosby
359:Povel Ramel
318:Bing Crosby
295:Percy Faith
263:The Weavers
253:banjo music
248:Pete Seeger
246:, of which
149:and two to
72:Cecil Sharp
52:The Weavers
1707:Categories
1299:References
1252:(archived)
1225:Twin Peaks
1030:2022-06-28
614:" (1963),
578:Tom Glazer
545:The Gourds
515:Twin Peaks
449:Little Eva
355:Brita Borg
326:Gene Autry
322:Perry Como
100:too slow.
1605:Foggy Dew
1388:Burl Ives
1067:Billboard
1049:Billboard
673:Folk song
630:In 1953,
392:in 1959.
384:Jack Narz
307:Burl Ives
303:Billboard
299:Burl Ives
272:Billboard
58:No. 414.
48:folk song
1176:Archived
828:Shelton.
642:See also
555:Parodies
413:(1961).
285:widely.
278:Cash Box
237:Vocalion
131:courting
127:sparking
98:courtin'
1685:Related
1590:Singles
1202:Discogs
906:by the
483:" and "
345:Lucille
339:singer
1582:(1977)
1574:(1972)
1566:(1968)
1558:(1965)
1550:(1964)
1542:(1964)
1534:(1964)
1526:(1964)
1518:(1963)
1510:(1963)
1502:(1963)
1494:(1962)
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1470:(1959)
1462:(1958)
1454:(1956)
1446:(1956)
1438:(1952)
1430:(1950)
1422:(1949)
1414:(1944)
1406:(1941)
1395:Albums
1113:
1000:May 4,
708:(1969)
563:short
489:B-side
469:Grover
377:Celtic
363:kronor
200:Kuwohi
125:where
1207:4 May
1182:4 May
1154:4 May
807:JSTOR
778:JSTOR
659:Notes
561:Goofy
139:lover
135:Smoky
1288:See
1276:2012
1209:2016
1184:2016
1156:2016
1130:See
1111:ISBN
1079:See
1002:2016
890:See
729:See
717:See
671:See
573:".
477:ABBA
335:The
178:and
153:and
151:-key
147:lov-
145:and
143:Smo-
137:and
96:For
30:The
1092:See
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495:".
395:In
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