36:
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28:
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in Old
Location whereas in Katutura all land belonged to the municipality. The newly allocated erven were also a lot smaller than those in Old Location, effectively forbidding the creation of gardens. Also economically black residents were worse off after the move because they now had to pay rent to
88:
Upon the creation of the neighborhood in 1912 by the
Windhoek City Council, all Black residents of other areas of the city were moved to the Main Location. A year later, streets were laid out and the separation of Black ethnic groups took place, with each ethnic group forced to live in a different
205:
party, in one of their first mass actions, organised the protest of the inhabitants which came to a head on 10 December 1959. Following protests and an effective boycott of municipal services by Main
Location residents, the police opened fire on the protesters, killing 11 and wounding 44 others.
705:
713:
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into exile, including Sam Nujoma. It is also probably one of the main reasons for SWAPO to put less effort into petitioning and resistance, and to turn the independence struggle into an armed conflict.
170:
colonial administration decided to forcefully move the residents of the Main
Location 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north of the city, prompting the evicted people to give the new location the name
231:, as it came to be known, was a rallying cry for Namibian independence until the country received independence in March 1990, 31 years later. It was one of the events leading to the foundation of
578:
742:
471:
358:
793:
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The transfer to the
Katutura suburb took several years. In 1962, approximately 7,000 people had been moved, joining the 2,000 people of
575:
298:
17:
685:
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for treatment because these people ... political patients". Although this claim is backed by many eyewitnesses, among them
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the municipality, and they needed a bus to reach their work places in town—Old
Location had been in walking distance.
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section. Administration of the area was split between Black local residents and White residents from elsewhere.
510:
41:
150:
783:
667:
547:
609:
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142:
502:
409:. Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. August 2009. Archived from
138:
206:
Doctors at the hospitals in
Windhoek refused to treat the wounded, telling them to "go to the
640:
527:
216:
596:
The
Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged
8:
227:
3,000-4,000 residents fled the area and refused to return, fearing police reprisals. The
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96:, a school that was attended by a number of pupils that later became notable, including
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706:"Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence"
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214:, Namibia's founding president who references the incident in his autobiography
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For a number of reasons most residents did not want to move: They had owned the
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777:
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280:, National Hero of Namibia, a domestic worker killed in the uprising of 1959
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In 1968, the Old
Location was officially closed and Whites began to settle.
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The Old
Location uprising is the reason for the declaration of December 10,
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legislation, these laws also extended into South West Africa which was the
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46:
35:
610:"Labour Consciousness and the 1971-72 Contract Workers Strike in Namibia"
528:"BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES (Entry for Schimming-Chase, Nora)"
27:
211:
101:
563:
326:
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61:
116:. The school was destroyed when Old Location was closed for Blacks.
665:"Die Bewohner von Katutura" [The inhabitants of Katutura].
189:
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65:
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won the 1948 election in South Africa and subsequently introduced
69:
232:
202:
407:"Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945-1966)"
501:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p.
72:. It was situated in the area between today's suburbs of
224:
caused a controversy in 2003, calling it a "gross lie".
464:[Independence also a result of Old Location].
497:
Suffer the Future: Policy Choices in Southern Africa
166:
During the 1950s, the Windhoek municipality and the
638:
494:
196:
775:
686:Joseph Jimmy: freedom fighter and bridge builder
470:(in Afrikaans). 16 December 2011. Archived from
594:Peter N. Stearns and William Leonard Langer.
45:(lower right corner) and parts of the suburb
794:1968 disestablishments in South West Africa
430:
428:
356:
385:"Formation of the South African Republic"
325:
588:
462:"Onafhanklikheid ook Ou Lokasie se vrug"
119:
34:
26:
712:. Government of Namibia. Archived from
607:
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14:
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735:"Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location"
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700:
694:
296:
235:by forcing community leaders from the
183:The place where we do not want to live
39:The same skyline in 2011, showing the
350:
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564:History of Old Location and Katutura
359:"The South Africa Mandate 1915-1989"
265:
31:Windhoek's Old Location in the 1950s
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306:Journal of Southern African Studies
297:Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004).
24:
632:
626:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x
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434:
357:Eerikäinen, Marjo (14 July 2008).
259:descent that already lived there.
247:, as a Namibian national holiday.
94:St Barnabas Anglican Church School
25:
805:
548:Nujoma's war of words with editor
763:
576:Forced Removal from Old Location
237:Ovamboland People's Organization
220:, it has not been unchallenged.
163:fifth province of South Africa.
723:
675:
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608:Moorsom, Richard (April 1979).
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197:Old Location, Windhoek massacre
710:Speeches of the Prime Minister
639:Reginald Herbold Green (ed.).
541:
519:
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454:
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13:
1:
387:. South Africa History Online
284:
141:, to the United Kingdom as a
124:
56:(or as it was known then the
671:(in German). 15 August 1962.
299:"Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?"
42:Old Location Cemetery Museum
7:
318:10.1080/0305707042000254100
10:
810:
493:Rotberg, Robert I (1980).
440:"History of Namibia, 1959"
83:
743:Basel Africa Bibliography
92:The suburb contained the
361:. Vantaa. Archived from
789:Shanty towns in Namibia
645:Encyclopædia Britannica
64:for Black residents of
614:Development and Change
201:The newly established
182:
129:After World War I the
49:
32:
229:Old Location Uprising
120:Old Location uprising
38:
30:
18:Old Location Massacre
716:on 29 November 2012.
704:(10 December 2010).
251:Transfer to Katutura
217:Where Others Wavered
784:History of Windhoek
552:Mail & Guardian
145:under the title of
739:BAB Working Papers
668:Allgemeine Zeitung
598:, 2001. Page 1070.
581:2011-06-08 at the
272:Joseph Obgeb Jimmy
50:
33:
691:, 6 February 2004
442:. klausdierks.com
266:Notable residents
135:South West Africa
131:League of Nations
68:, the capital of
16:(Redirected from
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682:Mvula ya Nangolo
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583:Wayback Machine
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526:Dierks, Klaus.
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474:on 7 March 2016
467:Die Republikein
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365:on 18 July 2011
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106:Mburumba Kerina
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731:Henning Melber
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620:(2): 205–231.
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208:United Nations
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151:National Party
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114:Kuaima Riruako
110:Tjama Tjivikua
98:Clemens Kapuuo
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60:) was an area
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139:German colony
137:, formerly a
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78:Pioneers Park
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74:Hochland Park
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58:Main Location
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29:
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724:Bibliography
714:the original
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689:The Namibian
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648:. Retrieved
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566:NamibWeb.com
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531:. Retrieved
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476:. Retrieved
472:the original
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444:. Retrieved
415:. Retrieved
411:the original
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389:. Retrieved
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367:. Retrieved
363:the original
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309:
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222:Hannes Smith
215:
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147:South Africa
128:
91:
87:
57:
54:Old Location
53:
51:
47:Pionierspark
40:
746: [
650:15 February
446:10 February
149:. When the
778:Categories
512:0674854012
312:(3): 561.
285:References
274:, diplomat
212:Sam Nujoma
179:Otjiherero
125:Background
102:Sam Nujoma
62:segregated
758:1422-8769
641:"Namibia"
585:Vantaa.fi
344:146448312
336:0305-7070
327:1887/4851
155:apartheid
733:(2016).
579:Archived
417:15 April
391:15 April
369:15 March
174:Katutura
160:de facto
66:Windhoek
550:in the
478:19 July
143:mandate
84:History
70:Namibia
756:
509:
342:
334:
257:Ovambo
750:]
741:(3).
533:7 May
340:S2CID
302:(PDF)
233:SWAPO
203:SWANU
190:erven
133:gave
754:ISSN
652:2012
535:2010
507:ISBN
480:2012
448:2012
419:2011
393:2011
371:2011
332:ISSN
185:).
112:and
76:and
52:The
622:doi
503:207
322:hdl
314:doi
780::
752:.
748:de
737:.
708:.
684::
643:.
618:10
616:.
612:.
505:.
438:.
427:^
338:.
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320:.
310:30
308:.
304:.
181::
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100:,
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760:.
654:.
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177:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
