25:
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17:
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in Old
Location whereas in Katutura all land belonged to the municipality. The newly allocated erven were also a lot smaller than those in Old Location, effectively forbidding the creation of gardens. Also economically black residents were worse off after the move because they now had to pay rent to
77:
Upon the creation of the neighborhood in 1912 by the
Windhoek City Council, all Black residents of other areas of the city were moved to the Main Location. A year later, streets were laid out and the separation of Black ethnic groups took place, with each ethnic group forced to live in a different
194:
party, in one of their first mass actions, organised the protest of the inhabitants which came to a head on 10 December 1959. Following protests and an effective boycott of municipal services by Main
Location residents, the police opened fire on the protesters, killing 11 and wounding 44 others.
694:
702:
450:
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into exile, including Sam Nujoma. It is also probably one of the main reasons for SWAPO to put less effort into petitioning and resistance, and to turn the independence struggle into an armed conflict.
159:
colonial administration decided to forcefully move the residents of the Main
Location 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north of the city, prompting the evicted people to give the new location the name
220:, as it came to be known, was a rallying cry for Namibian independence until the country received independence in March 1990, 31 years later. It was one of the events leading to the foundation of
567:
731:
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347:
782:
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The transfer to the
Katutura suburb took several years. In 1962, approximately 7,000 people had been moved, joining the 2,000 people of
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287:
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for treatment because these people ... political patients". Although this claim is backed by many eyewitnesses, among them
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82:
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the municipality, and they needed a bus to reach their work places in town—Old
Location had been in walking distance.
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section. Administration of the area was split between Black local residents and White residents from elsewhere.
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30:
139:
772:
656:
536:
598:
633:
131:
491:
398:. Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. August 2009. Archived from
127:
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Doctors at the hospitals in
Windhoek refused to treat the wounded, telling them to "go to the
629:
516:
205:
585:
The
Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged
8:
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3,000-4,000 residents fled the area and refused to return, fearing police reprisals. The
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85:, a school that was attended by a number of pupils that later became notable, including
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695:"Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence"
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123:
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571:
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203:, Namibia's founding president who references the incident in his autobiography
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For a number of reasons most residents did not want to move: They had owned the
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766:
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62:
269:, National Hero of Namibia, a domestic worker killed in the uprising of 1959
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In 1968, the Old
Location was officially closed and Whites began to settle.
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The Old
Location uprising is the reason for the declaration of December 10,
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legislation, these laws also extended into South West Africa which was the
135:
35:
24:
599:"Labour Consciousness and the 1971-72 Contract Workers Strike in Namibia"
517:"BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES (Entry for Schimming-Chase, Nora)"
16:
200:
90:
552:
315:
143:
50:
105:. The school was destroyed when Old Location was closed for Blacks.
654:"Die Bewohner von Katutura" [The inhabitants of Katutura].
178:
162:
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54:
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won the 1948 election in South Africa and subsequently introduced
58:
221:
191:
396:"Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945-1966)"
490:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p.
61:. It was situated in the area between today's suburbs of
213:
caused a controversy in 2003, calling it a "gross lie".
453:[Independence also a result of Old Location].
486:
Suffer the Future: Policy Choices in Southern Africa
155:
During the 1950s, the Windhoek municipality and the
627:
483:
185:
764:
675:Joseph Jimmy: freedom fighter and bridge builder
459:(in Afrikaans). 16 December 2011. Archived from
583:Peter N. Stearns and William Leonard Langer.
34:(lower right corner) and parts of the suburb
783:1968 disestablishments in South West Africa
419:
417:
345:
374:"Formation of the South African Republic"
314:
577:
451:"Onafhanklikheid ook Ou Lokasie se vrug"
108:
23:
15:
701:. Government of Namibia. Archived from
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481:
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239:
765:
724:"Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location"
718:
689:
683:
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224:by forcing community leaders from the
172:The place where we do not want to live
28:The same skyline in 2011, showing the
339:
279:
553:History of Old Location and Katutura
348:"The South Africa Mandate 1915-1989"
254:
20:Windhoek's Old Location in the 1950s
388:
295:Journal of Southern African Studies
286:Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004).
13:
621:
615:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x
514:
423:
346:Eerikäinen, Marjo (14 July 2008).
248:descent that already lived there.
236:, as a Namibian national holiday.
83:St Barnabas Anglican Church School
14:
794:
537:Nujoma's war of words with editor
752:
565:Forced Removal from Old Location
226:Ovamboland People's Organization
209:, it has not been unchallenged.
152:fifth province of South Africa.
712:
664:
647:
597:Moorsom, Richard (April 1979).
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558:
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186:Old Location, Windhoek massacre
699:Speeches of the Prime Minister
628:Reginald Herbold Green (ed.).
530:
508:
475:
443:
366:
1:
376:. South Africa History Online
273:
130:, to the United Kingdom as a
113:
45:(or as it was known then the
660:(in German). 15 August 1962.
288:"Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?"
31:Old Location Cemetery Museum
7:
307:10.1080/0305707042000254100
10:
799:
482:Rotberg, Robert I (1980).
429:"History of Namibia, 1959"
72:
732:Basel Africa Bibliography
81:The suburb contained the
350:. Vantaa. Archived from
778:Shanty towns in Namibia
634:Encyclopædia Britannica
53:for Black residents of
603:Development and Change
190:The newly established
171:
118:After World War I the
38:
21:
218:Old Location Uprising
109:Old Location uprising
27:
19:
705:on 29 November 2012.
693:(10 December 2010).
240:Transfer to Katutura
206:Where Others Wavered
773:History of Windhoek
541:Mail & Guardian
134:under the title of
728:BAB Working Papers
657:Allgemeine Zeitung
587:, 2001. Page 1070.
570:2011-06-08 at the
261:Joseph Obgeb Jimmy
39:
22:
680:, 6 February 2004
431:. klausdierks.com
255:Notable residents
124:South West Africa
120:League of Nations
57:, the capital of
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671:Mvula ya Nangolo
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543:, 30 August 2003
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234:Human Rights Day
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572:Wayback Machine
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515:Dierks, Klaus.
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463:on 7 March 2016
456:Die Republikein
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354:on 18 July 2011
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95:Mburumba Kerina
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720:Henning Melber
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609:(2): 205–231.
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197:United Nations
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140:National Party
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103:Kuaima Riruako
99:Tjama Tjivikua
87:Clemens Kapuuo
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49:) was an area
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128:German colony
126:, formerly a
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67:Pioneers Park
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63:Hochland Park
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47:Main Location
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33:
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26:
18:
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713:Bibliography
703:the original
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685:
678:The Namibian
666:
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649:
637:. Retrieved
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592:
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555:NamibWeb.com
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532:
520:. Retrieved
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485:
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465:. Retrieved
461:the original
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433:. Retrieved
404:. Retrieved
400:the original
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378:. Retrieved
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356:. Retrieved
352:the original
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211:Hannes Smith
204:
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136:South Africa
117:
80:
76:
46:
43:Old Location
42:
40:
36:Pionierspark
29:
735: [
639:15 February
435:10 February
138:. When the
767:Categories
501:0674854012
301:(3): 561.
274:References
263:, diplomat
201:Sam Nujoma
168:Otjiherero
114:Background
91:Sam Nujoma
51:segregated
747:1422-8769
630:"Namibia"
574:Vantaa.fi
333:146448312
325:0305-7070
316:1887/4851
144:apartheid
722:(2016).
568:Archived
406:15 April
380:15 April
358:15 March
163:Katutura
149:de facto
55:Windhoek
539:in the
467:19 July
132:mandate
73:History
59:Namibia
745:
498:
331:
323:
246:Ovambo
739:]
730:(3).
522:7 May
329:S2CID
291:(PDF)
222:SWAPO
192:SWANU
179:erven
122:gave
743:ISSN
641:2012
524:2010
496:ISBN
469:2012
437:2012
408:2011
382:2011
360:2011
321:ISSN
174:).
101:and
65:and
41:The
611:doi
492:207
311:hdl
303:doi
769::
741:.
737:de
726:.
697:.
673::
632:.
607:10
605:.
601:.
494:.
427:.
416:^
327:.
319:.
309:.
299:30
297:.
293:.
170::
97:,
93:,
89:,
69:.
749:.
643:.
617:.
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504:.
471:.
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384:.
362:.
335:.
313::
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166:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
