319:
The
Cambodian Oknha Association (COA) was legally registered with the Ministry of Interior on 25 October 2022. It aims to maintain and enhance the supremacy of the title of Oknha and join the Royal Government in the country's socio-economic development, and social and humanitarian activities. In
336:
was a royal tradition of the king, this process is now almost extinct and has only been used three or four times since the restoration of monarchy in 1992, according to Prince
Sisowath Thomico, a longtime secretary to the late King Father
273:
title to choose between their state positions or private titles in a bid to maintain the good reputation of the government; the majority of them decided to give up their tycoon titles and continue to serve the Khmer nation.
348:
By a decree promulgated in from April 1994, wealthy benefactors who gave at least $ 100,000 to the government and directed their money toward initiatives to help society can obtain the title of Okhna this way.
220:
was a
Cambodian officer, who played an important role in Cambodian politics in the late 18th century, fighting against the Vietnamese, the Cham and eventually becoming a governor under Siamese suzerainty.
1166:
518:
100:
were envoys appointed by the king, who were expected to perform a wide variety of duties, take elaborate oaths of loyalty, and present the monarch with regular gifts.
363:
pledging to be a citizen of servitude and commit to do honest work for the King. The worthy candidates then receive a first class
Sathapana Cheat medal, often in the
316:
leadership, while others have seen it as a positive recognition of the emergence of new
Cambodian leadership after many years of civil war and foreign intrusion.
773:
224:
In 1859, Oknha Ponhea Him, a prominent and influential person, known as Tuan Him in both Khmer and Cham sources, rose in rebellion against King
432:
According to estimates, 200 people held the title in 2008, and at least 700 people held the title in 2017, compared to about five before 1975.
854:
352:
In April 2017, Prime
Minister Hun Sen issued a new sub-decree raising the minimum donation required to receive the honorific title of
443:
by
Michiel Verver and Heidi Schnetzinger who explained the "elite pact" between the business and political elites through the
1024:
926:
551:
963:
646:
600:"Securing and Developing the Southwestern Region: The Role of the Cham and Malay Colonies in Vietnam (18th-19th centuries)"
720:
671:
469:" or "Lord" in English, was bestowed upon him by the King of Cambodia due to his extensive works in helping to preserve
541:
1063:
502:
454:
are Khmer-born and rare are the examples of naturalized Khmer, such as Paul
Blanche-Horgan, who receive the title.
312:
title as an "elite pact", an expression of the reciprocal relationship between the
Cambodian business elite and the
1128:
462:
746:
693:
519:"Tycoon Heng Sear requests for postponement of time to respond to Mean Pich Rita's attempted rape - Khmer Times"
1206:
290:
217:
1211:
940:
1090:"The Institutionalisation of Oknha: Cambodian Entrepreneurship at the Interface of Business and Politics"
881:"The Institutionalisation of Oknha: Cambodian Entrepreneurship at the Interface of Business and Politics"
364:
313:
1048:
988:
145:, such inscription IMA 9 dating back to 1539 and recalling the good deeds of "uk-na Samarasangram".
1191:
1156:
1016:
Chinese
Encounters in Southeast Asia: How People, Money, and Ideas from China Are Changing a Region
1196:
1089:
258:
With a growing number of title-holders have come a growing number of scandals linked to various
568:
244:
has been restored as the highest title bestowed on civilians, exclusively non-royalty, by the
1201:
298:
245:
8:
1109:
1030:
908:
836:
828:
627:
138:
255:
has reflected the growing prosperity of a fortunate segment of Cambodia's population.
1113:
1020:
912:
900:
840:
820:
619:
547:
498:
458:
203:
1101:
892:
812:
611:
580:
470:
342:
338:
77:
880:
1105:
896:
751:
495:
Dancing in shadows: Sihanouk, the Khmer Rouge, and the United Nations in Cambodia
148:
1216:
1161:
721:"Deputy governor, oknha face corruption charges in land dispute | CamboJA News"
417:
402:
293:, many others continue to display a great generosity, as in helping to provide
168:
130:
115:
41:
27:
816:
1185:
904:
824:
774:"Oknha Pung Kheav Se donates US$ 500,000 to the government to fight COVID-19"
623:
615:
372:
286:
231:
185:
584:
1034:
1014:
855:"Cambodia Sets Up Working Group to Scrutinize Granting of Honorific Title"
546:(in French). Presses de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. p. 233.
832:
800:
631:
599:
461:
was a Khmer monk, writer and famous poet of the 20th century during the
269:
ordered members of the military and police forces who hold the honorary
436:
371:. Among other privileges, an "Okhna" usually benefits from official
308:. Scholars have described the politics of awarding and receiving the
225:
46:
294:
237:
927:"Cambodian Oknha Association officially established - Khmer Times"
228:, uniting more than a thousand Chams and Malays against the king.
1171:
543:
Histoire du Cambodge: de la fin du XVIe siècle au début du XVIIIe
266:
49:. It has different meanings depending on the period it was used.
672:"Choosing between being an Oknha or armed officer - Khmer Times"
64:" is not unanimous. Leaning on the meaning of Vietnamese title "
262:, often criticized for using their influence to avoid justice.
174:
142:
149:
Royal title created by the Oudong monarchy (17th–19th century)
304:
Today, the Chamber of Commerce of Phnom Penh is known as the
88:
1176:
360:
282:
73:
232:
Modern title for the new elite of Cambodia: (1993–present)
76:" while some others favour the more mercantile version of
604:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
320:
2021, the Cambodian government prescribed a uniform for
359:
Prior to receiving the title, a recipient must take an
694:"Student TV Presenter Accuses Oknha of Attempted Rape"
157:
was used during the 18th century to replace the title
497:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 209.
1064:"Twelve people to be given honorary title of oknha"
35:
1087:
1019:. University of Washington Press. pp. 25–41.
367:, from the King and the royally-bestowed title of
941:"New official uniforms for tycoons - Khmer Times"
375:and informal authority within the Khmer society.
1183:
439:was described as the prototype of the new Khmer
879:Verver, Michiel; Dahles, Heidi (7 April 2014).
569:"III. Inscriptions modernes d'Angkor 1, 8 et 9"
281:have broken the news with scandal ranging from
964:"As Oknha Ranks Grow, Honorific Loses Meaning"
801:"Politics of Natural Resource Use in Cambodia"
647:"As Oknha Ranks Grow, Honorific Loses Meaning"
573:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
1088:Verver, Michiel; Schnetzinger, Heidi (2015).
492:
378:
236:Since the reestablishment of the monarchy in
878:
411:
396:
162:
124:
109:
251:Since 2010, the increase in the number of
197:
179:
989:"Biography of Oknha Dr. Mengly J. Quach"
744:
1184:
1012:
566:
539:
473:, his writings and his poetry skills.
327:
1049:"Cost of gaining 'Oknha' title soars"
799:Un, Kheang; So, Sokbunthoeun (2009).
718:
597:
416:
401:
167:
129:
114:
92:: the royal envoy of the Khmer Empire
68:", some have translated the title of
57:The word means "nobleman" or "lord".
40:
1126:
961:
798:
644:
214:(屋牙) in ancient Vietnamese records.
747:"R'kiri row no drag on oknha title"
137:The term is used as such in modern
104:was one of the noble titles, above
13:
745:Channyda, Chhay (15 August 2014).
324:to wear on ceremonial occasions.
14:
1228:
1167:Cambodian royal and noble titles
1061:
778:Construction & Property News
424:
172:), which could be translated as
1120:
1081:
1055:
1041:
1006:
981:
955:
933:
919:
872:
847:
792:
766:
738:
463:French protectorate of Cambodia
301:through significant donations.
265:In August 2019, Prime Minister
192:" was transformed into Thai as
712:
686:
664:
638:
591:
560:
533:
511:
486:
52:
1:
479:
356:from $ 100,000 to $ 500,000.
1106:10.1080/00472336.2014.891147
1094:Journal of Contemporary Asia
1051:. Khmer Times. 3 April 2017.
897:10.1080/00472336.2014.891147
885:Journal of Contemporary Asia
719:Narim, Khoun (7 July 2020).
7:
1150:
365:Royal Order of Monisaraphon
341:and former adviser to King
36:
10:
1233:
962:Odom, Sek (21 June 2014).
645:Odom, Sek (21 June 2014).
383:There are three levels of
379:Nomenclature and hierarchy
83:
1129:"Ezecom CEO made 'oknha'"
817:10.1080/00927670903259921
418:[loːkneakʔok.ɲaː]
412:
397:
198:
180:
163:
125:
110:
31:
1157:Social class in Cambodia
616:10.1163/156852011X614037
567:Lewitz, Saveros (1972).
314:Cambodian People's Party
598:Weber, Nicolas (2011).
585:10.3406/befeo.1972.5119
493:Benny Widyono (2008).
1133:www.phnompenhpost.com
1127:Carteret, Daniel de.
1068:www.phnompenhpost.com
1013:Gungwu, Wang (2017).
450:The vast majority of
403:[neakʔok.ɲaː]
1207:Politics of Cambodia
993:Prasethpheap Finance
540:Phoeun, Mak (1995).
465:. His royal title, "
447:system of Cambodia.
299:coronavirus epidemic
131:[nĕəʔʔokɲaː]
96:In premodern times,
60:The translation of "
1212:Economy of Cambodia
674:. 17 September 2019
328:Process of election
968:The Cambodia Daily
651:The Cambodia Daily
210:is referred to as
139:Khmer inscriptions
1026:978-0-295-99929-6
943:. 9 December 2021
553:978-2-85539-776-4
459:Suttantaprija Ind
435:In a 2015 paper,
332:While appointing
291:ethnic minorities
204:Ayutthaya Kingdom
42:[ʔok.ɲaː]
1224:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
937:
931:
930:
923:
917:
916:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
851:
845:
844:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
642:
636:
635:
595:
589:
588:
564:
558:
557:
537:
531:
530:
528:
526:
515:
509:
508:
490:
471:Khmer literature
420:
415:
414:
405:
400:
399:
343:Norodom Sihamoni
339:Norodom Sihanouk
201:
200:
183:
182:
171:
166:
165:
133:
128:
127:
118:
113:
112:
44:
39:
33:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1192:Honorary titles
1182:
1181:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
960:
956:
946:
944:
939:
938:
934:
929:. 5 April 2023.
925:
924:
920:
877:
873:
863:
861:
859:thediplomat.com
853:
852:
848:
797:
793:
783:
781:
780:. 22 March 2020
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
752:Phnom Penh Post
743:
739:
729:
727:
725:cambojanews.com
717:
713:
703:
701:
692:
691:
687:
677:
675:
670:
669:
665:
655:
653:
643:
639:
596:
592:
565:
561:
554:
538:
534:
524:
522:
517:
516:
512:
505:
491:
487:
482:
476:
430:
408:Louk Neak Oknha
381:
330:
289:and picking on
234:
169:[pɔɲiə]
151:
116:[prĕəh]
94:
86:
55:
17:
16:Khmer honorific
12:
11:
5:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Khmer nobility
1194:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Khmer nobility
1159:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1119:
1080:
1054:
1040:
1025:
1005:
980:
954:
932:
918:
871:
846:
811:(3): 123–138.
791:
765:
737:
711:
685:
663:
637:
610:(5): 739–772.
590:
559:
552:
532:
510:
503:
484:
483:
481:
478:
429:
423:
380:
377:
373:tax exemptions
329:
326:
246:Cambodian king
233:
230:
218:Oknha Yomreach
150:
147:
93:
87:
85:
82:
54:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1229:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1009:
994:
990:
984:
969:
965:
958:
942:
936:
928:
922:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
860:
856:
850:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:Asian Affairs
802:
795:
779:
775:
769:
754:
753:
748:
741:
726:
722:
715:
700:. 12 May 2021
699:
695:
689:
673:
667:
652:
648:
641:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
586:
582:
579:(1): 111 sq.
578:
574:
570:
563:
555:
549:
545:
544:
536:
521:. 14 May 2021
520:
514:
506:
504:9780742555532
500:
496:
489:
485:
477:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
433:
428:
422:
419:
409:
404:
394:
390:
386:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
350:
346:
344:
340:
335:
325:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:land grabbing
284:
280:
275:
272:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
229:
227:
222:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
195:
191:
188:. The title "
187:
177:
176:
170:
160:
156:
146:
144:
140:
135:
132:
122:
117:
107:
103:
99:
91:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
50:
48:
45:) is a Khmer
43:
38:
29:
25:
24:
19:
1202:Noble titles
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1100:(1): 48–70.
1097:
1093:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1062:Meta, Kong.
1057:
1043:
1015:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
935:
921:
891:(1): 48–70.
888:
884:
874:
862:. Retrieved
858:
849:
808:
804:
794:
782:. Retrieved
777:
768:
756:. Retrieved
750:
740:
728:. Retrieved
724:
714:
702:. Retrieved
697:
688:
676:. Retrieved
666:
654:. Retrieved
650:
640:
607:
603:
593:
576:
572:
562:
542:
535:
523:. Retrieved
513:
494:
488:
475:
466:
456:
451:
449:
444:
440:
434:
431:
426:
413:លោកអ្នកឧកញ៉ា
407:
392:
388:
384:
382:
368:
358:
353:
351:
347:
333:
331:
321:
318:
309:
305:
303:
278:
276:
270:
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
241:
235:
223:
216:
211:
207:
193:
189:
173:
158:
154:
152:
136:
120:
119:) and below
105:
101:
97:
95:
89:
69:
65:
61:
59:
56:
22:
21:
20:
18:
1035:j.ctvcwnrns
457:Louk Oknha
297:during the
277:While some
206:. The word
53:Linguistics
1186:Categories
480:References
437:Teng Bunma
393:Neak Oknha
306:Oknha Club
153:The title
121:Neak Oknha
1114:143296208
913:143296208
905:0047-2336
841:154296026
825:0092-7678
624:0022-4995
398:អ្នកឧកញ៉ា
240:in 1993,
226:Ang Duong
202:) by the
141:found in
126:អ្នកឧកញ៉ា
66:Quốc công
47:honorific
1151:See also
947:30 March
833:27748564
632:41445728
295:vaccines
238:Cambodia
1172:Samdech
1138:16 July
1073:16 July
998:16 July
973:16 July
864:16 July
784:16 July
758:5 April
730:16 July
704:16 July
678:16 July
656:16 July
525:16 July
425:Famous
334:oknhas
267:Hun Sen
84:History
1112:
1033:
1023:
911:
903:
839:
831:
823:
630:
622:
550:
501:
427:Oknhas
406:) and
322:Oknhas
279:Oknhas
253:Oknhas
212:Ốc nha
175:Phraya
159:Ponhea
143:Angkor
78:tycoon
1217:Oknha
1110:S2CID
1031:JSTOR
909:S2CID
837:S2CID
829:JSTOR
628:JSTOR
467:Oknha
452:Oknha
445:oknha
441:oknha
389:Oknha
385:Oknha
369:Oknha
354:Oknha
310:Oknha
271:Oknha
260:Oknha
242:Oknha
208:Oknha
199:ออกญา
190:Oknha
184:) in
155:Oknha
106:Preah
102:Oknha
98:Oknha
90:Oknha
70:oknha
62:Oknha
37:Ŏknha
32:ឧកញ៉ា
28:Khmer
23:Oknha
1177:Lord
1140:2021
1075:2021
1021:ISBN
1000:2021
975:2021
949:2024
901:ISSN
866:2021
821:ISSN
786:2021
760:2022
732:2021
706:2021
680:2021
658:2021
620:ISSN
548:ISBN
527:2021
499:ISBN
361:oath
283:rape
194:Okya
186:Thai
111:ព្រះ
74:Duke
72:as "
1102:doi
893:doi
813:doi
698:VOD
612:doi
581:doi
421:).
285:to
181:พญา
164:ពញា
134:).
1188::
1131:.
1108:.
1098:45
1096:.
1092:.
1066:.
1029:.
991:.
966:.
907:.
899:.
889:45
887:.
883:.
857:.
835:.
827:.
819:.
809:36
807:.
803:.
776:.
749:.
723:.
696:.
649:.
626:.
618:.
608:54
606:.
602:.
577:59
575:.
571:.
391:,
387::
345:.
248:.
80:.
34:,
30::
1142:.
1116:.
1104::
1077:.
1037:.
1002:.
977:.
951:.
915:.
895::
868:.
843:.
815::
788:.
762:.
734:.
708:.
682:.
660:.
634:.
614::
587:.
583::
556:.
529:.
507:.
410:(
395:(
196:(
178:(
161:(
123:(
108:(
26:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.