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101:, which can be damaging to electronic devices in some cases. For special purposes Electrostaic Discharge (ESD) castors are available. Some higher-end office chair castors feature an unloaded brake system. This system provides some roll resistance, that is automatically activated when the chair is not under load. This reduces the tendency of rolling away when sitting down or standing up. When weight is applied, the castors roll resistance is automatically canceled enabling the castors to freely move.
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allowed employees to remain sitting and yet reach a number of locations within their work area, eliminating the time and energy expended in standing. The wooden saddle seat was designed to fit and support the body of a sitting employee, and the slatted back and armrests provided additional support to
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It is particularly important for smaller or larger people to be able to move the seat back and forth or to have seats of different lengths (“depths”). The seat depth should be adjusted so that the backrest can be touched, but the backs of the knees are free so that blood circulation is not hindered
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For appropriately seating above average tall and/or heavy office workers, extra spacious and sturdy constructed chairs are offered. Office chairs designed for safely and comfortably supporting increased weights and sizes have to use durable (metal) structural components, making these chairs heavier
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Chairs with castors move best on hard floors or specialized mats. The wheels concentrate the bearing load onto small contact surfaces, and can damage some types of flooring materials, such as traditional hardwood, unless protected by a suitable hard mat. Rolling and swiveling used in combination
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work was expanding, an awareness of office environments, technology, and equipment became part of the cultural focus on increasing productivity. This awareness gave rise to chairs designed specifically for these new administrative employees: office chairs. American inventor Thomas E. Warren (b.
81:, an increasing common business activity, has slightly different postural constraints as compared to typing or audio telephony. Chairs with additional adjustments, such as seat pan tilt, cater to a wider range of use cases; sometimes this is combined with a powered
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Executive or full-back chairs offer full back and head support. Many executive chairs are designed to be sat in for eight or more hours at a time. These are typically the most expensive office chairs and often feature genuine leather upholstery.
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increase the employee’s comfort. Like modern chairs, many of these models were somewhat adjustable to provide the maximum comfort and thus the maximum working time. Famous designers sometimes designed chairs intended for office employees.
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involve a forward seat position in front of a work station, emphasizing free use of the arms and hands for reaching and for dexterous activities. Other tasks, such as talking on the telephone, permit a recumbent posture.
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in the mid-19th century, businesses began to expand beyond the traditional model of a family business with little emphasis on administration. The additional administrative staff was required to keep up with orders,
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The office chair was strategically designed to increase the productivity of clerical employees by making it possible for them to remain sitting at their desks for long periods of time. A swiveling chair with
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There is usually a locking lever that can be used to stop the chair from swinging. The lock should be used occasionally to challenge/promote the body's postural muscles by not leaning when the chair is
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support or a headrest. These chairs generally cannot be sat in for more than a couple hours at a time without becoming uncomfortable, though they often offer more room to move than higher-end chairs.
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are unsuitable flooring materials for wheeled chairs. Especially plastic wheels rolling over modern synthetic materials, such as carpet or a plastic floor mat, are capable of generating high level of
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in London. It was only around 1850 when a group of engineers in the United States began to investigate how chairs could improve health and relaxation by stressing posture and movement.
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Mid-back chairs offer fuller back support, and with the right ergonomic design, can be sat in for four hours at a time or longer. High-end chairs in this category, such as the
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The armrests are height adjustable, also in the width between them and the direction is adjustable. There are also armrests that can be turned backwards (behind the backrest).
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The usage forces excerted on chairs by people weighing over 136 kilograms (300 lb), during a hard sitting down impact, can peak at 213% in terms of their body weight.
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A footrest is a small platform for resting your feet while sitting. It relieves pressure, promotes better posture, and enhances comfort during extended periods of sitting.
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Analysis of sitting forces on stationary chairs for daily activities
Lingling Hu, Bob Tackett, Onder To & Jilei Zhang https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1080311
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became an important design consideration. Today, office chairs often have adjustable seats, armrests, backs, lumbar support, heights, and footrests, to prevent
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Leap are comfortable for long periods. Some mid-back chairs in particular offer customization options that can allow for a headrest to be added.
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There are multiple kinds of office chairs designed to suit different needs. The most basic is the task chair, which typically does not offer
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The seat inclination of many synchronous mechanisms can be adjusted in two stages in addition to the synchronous mechanism.
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permits a single office worker to command many different desks or workstations within a small office footprint (often an
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Löffelholz, on folio 10r. One of the earliest known innovators to have created the modern office chair was naturalist
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in 1849 which was produced by the
American Chair Company in Troy, New York. It was first presented at the 1851
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The backrest should be height adjustable so that the back can be supported from the top edge of the pelvis.
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634:"Pressure actuated assembly extendable by fluid pressure and retractable by spring action"
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An “ergonomic” office chair can be “personalized” through numerous adjustment options:
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The concept of a swiveling chair with castors was illustrated by the
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patrician Martin Löffelholz von
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that is designed for use at a desk in an office. It is usually a
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Standards for the design and testing of office chairs include:
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A Short
History of the Birth and Growth of the American Office
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History Of
American Manufactures From 1608 To 1860 - Volume 2
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The seat height is adjustable (with a lever that acts on a
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from Löffelholz-codex from
Nuremberg, Germany, dated 1505
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and back pain associated with sitting for long periods.
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than office chairs designed for average sized people.
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504:"On Darwin's 200th, a theory still in controversy"
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485:(in German). Karlsruher Institut fĂĽr Technologie
33:and be adjusted to various heights and angles.
659:"A Taxonomy of Office Chairs, Phaidon Press"
479:"Martin Löffelholz, Allerlei Handwerkszeuge"
229:chair EA 119 Hopsak, first designed in 1958
68:Many office activities such as writing or
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537:"The Quest for the Perfect Office Chair"
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410:. A Taxonomy of Office Chairs. London:
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668:2022-09-18
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511:by way of
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465:References
443:Coccydynia
337:ergonomics
331:Ergonomics
321:A leather
192:Down House
43:desk chair
680:Footnotes
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323:executive
295:Steelcase
255:Steelcase
214:, 1904-06
190:chair in
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93:). Plush
638:Archived
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513:Fox News
426:See also
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394:DIN 4551
293:Leap by
253:and the
55:gas lift
433:Armrest
374:locked.
156:casters
105:History
95:carpets
59:casters
721:Chairs
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548:30 May
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364:there.
241:lumbar
212:larkin
139:office
70:typing
31:swivel
595:Slate
251:Aeron
235:Types
119:Codex
47:chair
41:, or
599:ISSN
570:ISBN
550:2012
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