3183:
3712:
156:
3722:
183:
parent (African/Aboriginal and
Caucasian) and one white or European parent; in other words, the equivalent of one African/Aboriginal grandparent and three White or European grandparents. In some countries in Latin America, which had a variety of terms for racial groups, some terms for quadroons were
618:, (Wildside Press, LLC, 2008), p. 44: "The mulatto was the offspring of a white and a black person; the sambo of a mulatto and a black. From the mulatto and a white came the quadroon and from the quadroon and a white the mustee. The child of a mustee and a white person was called the mustefino."
88:, which is the practice within a society of assigning children of mixed unions to the ethnic group which the dominant group perceives as being subordinate. The racial designations refer specifically to the number of full-blooded African
211:
was used to designate a person who was biracial, with one fully black parent and one fully white parent, or a person whose parents are both mulatto. In some cases, it was used as a general term, for instance on
2555:
2550:
2562:
2303:
219:
The term octoroon referred to a person with one-eighth
African/Aboriginal ancestry; that is, someone with family heritage equivalent to one biracial grandparent; in other words, one African
2567:
668:
3667:
3220:
2238:
3677:
3240:
227:. Octoroon was applied to a limited extent in Australia for those of one-eighth Aboriginal ancestry, as the government implemented assimilation policies on the
3541:
3088:
3083:
2632:
1364:
1221:
202:
was a term synonymous with quadroon, derived from being three generations of descent from an
African ancestor, counting the ancestor as the first generation.
2895:
2767:
1352:
3213:
1462:
84:
Governments of the time sometimes incorporated the terms in law, defining rights and restrictions. The use of such terminology is a characteristic of
2051:
1186:
3682:
3536:
2545:
3093:
2333:
3577:
3162:
3137:
3725:
3715:
3257:
3206:
3147:
3142:
2074:
1522:
244:
was used to refer to one who was seven-eighths black or
African and one-eighth white or European (i.e. an individual with one black and one
2863:
2699:
2408:
2398:
2056:
2046:
2905:
2677:
1111:
437:
to show whites that some slaves were visually indistinguishable from themselves, thus preventing them from seeing slaves as an ethnic "
653:
3125:
2069:
2064:
415:
were sometimes used for an individual of three-quarters black parentage, i.e. the child of a mulatto parent and a fully black parent.
3672:
3651:
3627:
2784:
2288:
1397:
3132:
2762:
2283:
1505:
1337:
739:
3245:
3098:
3058:
2900:
2804:
2733:
2338:
3599:
3157:
3152:
3120:
2890:
2794:
2757:
2704:
2538:
3115:
3073:
2885:
1433:
1299:
1294:
1179:
3546:
3063:
3048:
2912:
2821:
2816:
2750:
1211:
92:
or equivalent, emphasizing the quantitative least, with quadroon signifying that a person has one-quarter black ancestry.
3614:
3609:
3567:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3038:
2875:
2845:
2627:
2206:
1418:
3572:
3028:
2922:
2838:
2682:
2463:
2263:
1414:
1392:
1127:
490:
3746:
3619:
3594:
3584:
3175:
1565:
1216:
709:« Structures familiales et stratégies matrimoniales des libres de couleur en Guadeloupe au XVIIIe siècle »
708:
3639:
3589:
3562:
3103:
3068:
3053:
2811:
2413:
1657:
1627:
1443:
1172:
3604:
3110:
3033:
2828:
2672:
2403:
2268:
1973:
1612:
58:
3634:
2880:
2774:
2689:
2293:
1096:
3646:
3229:
2917:
2850:
2833:
2779:
2728:
2667:
2572:
2533:
2473:
2273:
1662:
1642:
1449:
1428:
1054:
3756:
2740:
2716:
2711:
2694:
2662:
2605:
1718:
1667:
1500:
732:
3005:
2997:
2940:
2855:
2343:
2248:
2104:
2086:
1988:
1647:
1617:
1342:
1262:
1241:
905:
3023:
2960:
2950:
2500:
2258:
2218:
1575:
1269:
1137:
480:
2932:
2745:
2577:
2138:
1637:
1475:
1282:
1101:
527:
216:
classifications, to refer to all persons of mixed race, without regard for proportion of ancestries.
2622:
2186:
2099:
1743:
1532:
1347:
1287:
1277:
1203:
978:
163:
17:
3338:
3278:
2955:
2505:
2159:
2128:
1908:
1848:
1713:
1456:
725:
149:
3307:
2870:
2600:
1838:
1632:
1622:
1560:
1370:
1309:
434:
424:
176:
62:
3283:
3361:
2945:
2458:
2323:
2278:
2094:
1813:
1778:
1597:
1580:
1387:
1304:
851:
568:
465:
3702:
The U.S. Census Bureau excludes
Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category.
3451:
3436:
3431:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3187:
2595:
2358:
2169:
2121:
1993:
1883:
1788:
1555:
1545:
1517:
1382:
1236:
1074:
1069:
831:
442:
213:
8:
3446:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3333:
2970:
2328:
2243:
1723:
1512:
1402:
1332:
934:
836:
455:
411:
324:
2975:
647:
627:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3441:
3411:
3371:
3043:
2980:
2723:
2181:
1948:
1928:
1833:
1758:
1585:
1490:
1480:
1468:
1359:
1256:
1231:
1153:
748:
438:
430:
263:
228:
823:
3487:
3467:
3421:
3295:
2490:
2211:
1873:
1843:
1438:
1195:
1132:
856:
224:
220:
31:
3751:
3477:
3250:
2646:
2617:
2612:
2510:
2478:
2451:
2176:
1793:
1763:
1753:
1748:
1315:
918:
337:
66:
3328:
2641:
2468:
2378:
2373:
2304:
Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
2154:
2109:
1963:
1953:
1933:
1918:
1818:
1693:
1683:
1322:
885:
868:
696:
La femme noire dans le discours littéraire haïtien: éléments d'anthroposémiologie
3198:
134:(someone whose racial origin is three-quarters white and one-quarter black) and
3078:
2483:
2446:
2436:
2196:
2191:
2133:
1968:
1898:
1828:
1823:
1327:
1251:
841:
785:
768:
532:
278:
255:
refers to a person with one-sixteenth
African ancestry. The terms quintroon or
3740:
2036:
2018:
2008:
1978:
1923:
1878:
1863:
1808:
1798:
1783:
1733:
1728:
1698:
1495:
1423:
1246:
1091:
1086:
809:
800:
795:
657:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 993–994.
642:
542:
522:
501:
2348:
2116:
2041:
2013:
1998:
1983:
1938:
1913:
1893:
1803:
1773:
1768:
1738:
1688:
1540:
1226:
1059:
460:
3273:
2368:
2353:
2201:
2164:
2003:
1958:
1943:
1708:
1703:
1550:
1081:
991:
880:
874:
846:
763:
517:
496:
433:, mixed-race slaves with predominantly white features were depicted in
85:
926:
3290:
1903:
1888:
1858:
1853:
1602:
1570:
1409:
1377:
289:
285:
155:
145:
144:, (someone whose racial origin is three-quarters white and one-quarter
2239:
Association for the Study of
African American Life and History (ASALH)
1106:
945:
235:
was also used to refer to a person with one-eighth
African ancestry.
3343:
2517:
2363:
1868:
1652:
1590:
1485:
939:
911:
817:
780:
717:
506:
42:
1164:
1037:
582:
2990:
2985:
2495:
1018:
890:
565:
Mirror for
Humanity a Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
485:
372:
223:
and seven European great-grandparents. An example was Russian poet
180:
89:
38:
2254:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
986:
3312:
3300:
1607:
1064:
1031:
1011:
996:
964:
958:
790:
563:
Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2009). "Chapter 11: Ethnicity and Race".
537:
511:
300:
240:
207:
140:
120:
950:
862:
2441:
646:
587:«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario
470:
175:
Quadroon was used to designate a person of one-quarter African/
2253:
1004:
971:
773:
711:, Annales de démographie historique 2/2011 (n° 122), p. 69–98
475:
194:
2298:
898:
30:"Quarteron" redirects here. For the French kickboxer, see
266:, the following terms were used during the 18th century:
3228:
3738:
2289:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
2334:Black players in professional American football
2284:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
405:In some countries in Latin America, the terms
3214:
1180:
733:
112:, both of which have their root in the Latin
2047:Historically black colleges and universities
1112:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
669:"Quadroons, Octoroons, Sacatra, and Griffe"
3221:
3207:
1187:
1173:
740:
726:
2264:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
614:Carter G. Woodson and Charles H. Wesley,
610:
608:
606:
604:
248:parent, or one white great-grandparent).
170:
641:
514:- Term for quadroons in Spanish colonies
154:
69:ancestry. Similar classifications were
57:is used) was a person with one-quarter
14:
3739:
3163:Topics related to the African diaspora
2269:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
747:
601:
562:
3202:
3143:Landmark African-American legislation
1194:
1168:
721:
628:Princeton University WordNet Search:
418:
3721:
2274:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
179:ancestry, that is equivalent to one
2628:African-American Vernacular English
24:
2546:U.S. cities with large populations
2249:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
491:Discrimination based on skin color
25:
3768:
3696:
1419:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
1415:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
1222:African American founding fathers
694:Gérard Etienne, François Soeler,
73:for one-eighth black (Latin root
53:(in the United Kingdom, the term
37:In the colonial societies of the
3720:
3711:
3710:
3668:Stereotypes in the United States
3181:
2299:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
1444:Nadir of American race relations
27:Historical racial classification
1305:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
1295:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
683:Esclavage, métissage et liberté
2294:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
1300:Civil right movement 1896–1954
1097:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
701:
688:
675:
661:
635:
621:
575:
556:
13:
1:
3678:In the United States Congress
3230:Hispanic and Latino Americans
2474:Cherokee freedmen controversy
1450:The Negro Motorist Green Book
1055:Cherokee freedmen controversy
698:, Balzac-Le Griot, 1998, p.27
616:The Story of the Negro Retold
549:
104:was borrowed from the French
160:De español y mulata: morisca
95:
7:
2344:Black players in ice hockey
2279:National Urban League (NUL)
2105:American Society of Muslims
1343:Selma to Montgomery marches
1263:Brown v. Board of Education
448:
10:
3773:
2501:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
2259:Nashville Student Movement
1270:Children of the plantation
1128:Contemporary ethnic groups
481:Children of the plantation
441:" in order to further the
422:
29:
3691:
3660:
3555:
3529:
3503:
3460:
3399:
3354:
3321:
3266:
3236:
3171:
3138:Index of related articles
3016:
2931:
2655:
2588:
2526:
2426:
2387:
2319:
2312:
2227:
2147:
2139:Doctrine of Father Divine
2085:
2027:
1676:
1531:
1523:Women's suffrage movement
1476:Reconstruction Amendments
1283:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1202:
1146:
1120:
1047:
756:
528:Passing (racial identity)
429:In the period before the
81:for one-sixteenth black.
3747:African-American society
3188:United States portal
2623:African-American English
2052:Inventors and scientists
1744:George Washington Carver
1348:Chicago Freedom Movement
3111:African-American firsts
2160:Back-to-Africa movement
2129:Black Hebrew Israelites
1909:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
1457:Partus sequitur ventrem
654:Encyclopædia Britannica
583:"cuarterón, cuarterona"
150:Caribbean South America
119:Similarly, the Spanish
116:, meaning "a quarter".
3079:Spingarn Medal winners
2568:States and territories
2339:Black NFL quarterbacks
1839:Martin Luther King Jr.
1371:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1310:Montgomery bus boycott
435:photos and other media
425:White slave propaganda
171:Racial classifications
167:
2389:Athletic associations
2324:Negro league baseball
2095:African-American Jews
1814:Ketanji Brown Jackson
1779:Henry Highland Garnet
1638:Negro National Anthem
1388:George Floyd protests
1353:Post–civil rights era
685:, Grasset, 2004, p.14
466:Indian South Africans
158:
77:, means "eight") and
3279:Creoles of Louisiana
2596:Afro-Seminole Creole
2122:Azusa Street Revival
1994:Booker T. Washington
1518:Underground Railroad
1383:Free people of color
1237:Atlantic slave trade
1075:Interracial marriage
1070:Interethnic marriage
852:Eurasian Singaporean
162:. Painting; 1763 by
136:cuarterón de mestizo
126:is used to describe
3757:Multiracial affairs
3683:Women in journalism
3246:Hispanic and Latino
2991:Trinidad and Tobago
2606:Black American Sign
2433:By African descent
2427:Ethnic subdivisions
2414:Southwestern (SWAC)
2329:Baseball color line
2244:Black Panther Party
2148:Political movements
2065:in computer science
1724:Carol Moseley Braun
1513:Tulsa race massacre
1506:Treatment of slaves
1338:March on Washington
1333:Birmingham movement
456:Afro-Latin American
128:cuarterón de mulato
65:and three-quarters
3089:US representatives
3084:US cabinet members
2976:Dominican Republic
2563:Metropolitan areas
2404:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
2229:Civic and economic
2207:Self-determination
2028:Education, science
1949:Fred Shuttlesworth
1929:A. Philip Randolph
1834:Coretta Scott King
1759:Frederick Douglass
1586:Harlem Renaissance
1491:Separate but equal
1481:Reconstruction era
1469:Plessy v. Ferguson
1360:Cornerstone Speech
1274:Civil Rights Acts
1257:Black Lives Matter
1232:American Civil War
1154:Race of the future
1138:luk khrueng people
443:abolition movement
431:American Civil War
419:Depiction in media
229:Stolen Generations
168:
3734:
3733:
3395:
3394:
3196:
3195:
3024:African Americans
2896:Dallas–Fort Worth
2491:Black Southerners
2422:
2421:
1874:Thurgood Marshall
1844:Bernard Lafayette
1439:Million Man March
1196:African Americans
1162:
1161:
707:Regent Frédéric,
681:Frédéric Regent,
403:
402:
225:Alexander Pushkin
221:great-grandparent
148:), especially in
32:Patrice Quarteron
16:(Redirected from
3764:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3652:Washington, D.C.
3530:Religious groups
3355:Central American
3319:
3318:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3148:Lynching victims
2647:Louisiana Creole
2618:American English
2506:Louisiana Creole
2479:Choctaw freedmen
2317:
2316:
1854:Huddie Ledbetter
1794:Fannie Lou Hamer
1764:W. E. B. Du Bois
1754:Claudette Colvin
1749:Shirley Chisholm
1566:Family structure
1434:Military history
1316:Browder v. Gayle
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1165:
857:Filipino Mestizo
742:
735:
728:
719:
718:
712:
705:
699:
692:
686:
679:
673:
672:
665:
659:
658:
650:
648:"Octoroon"
639:
633:
625:
619:
612:
599:
598:
596:
594:
579:
573:
572:
560:
269:
268:
259:were also used.
108:and the Spanish
21:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3656:
3551:
3525:
3499:
3456:
3391:
3350:
3317:
3262:
3232:
3227:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3167:
3133:Historic places
3126:US state firsts
3012:
2927:
2651:
2584:
2556:2010 majorities
2551:2000 majorities
2522:
2469:Black Seminoles
2418:
2409:Southern (SIAC)
2392:
2391:and conferences
2390:
2383:
2379:Serena Williams
2374:Jackie Robinson
2308:
2232:
2230:
2223:
2143:
2110:Nation of Islam
2081:
2029:
2023:
1964:Sojourner Truth
1954:Clarence Thomas
1919:Gabriel Prosser
1819:Michael Jackson
1694:Crispus Attucks
1684:Ralph Abernathy
1672:
1628:Musical theater
1527:
1393:Great Migration
1365:COVID-19 impact
1323:Sit-in movement
1198:
1193:
1163:
1158:
1142:
1116:
1043:
752:
746:
716:
715:
706:
702:
693:
689:
680:
676:
667:
666:
662:
640:
636:
626:
622:
613:
602:
592:
590:
581:
580:
576:
561:
557:
552:
547:
493:a.k.a. Colorism
451:
427:
421:
264:French Antilles
173:
98:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3770:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3705:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3400:South American
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3267:North American
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3099:Visual artists
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:Mathematicians
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2876:South Carolina
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:North Carolina
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2791:Massachusetts
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2633:social context
2630:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:Creek Freedmen
2481:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2459:Alabama Creole
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Central (CIAA)
2395:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2192:Pan-Africanism
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:Black theology
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:in STEM fields
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2030:and technology
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Harriet Tubman
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:Michelle Obama
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1829:Barbara Jordan
1826:
1824:Harriet Jacobs
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1714:Amelia Boynton
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1677:Notable people
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1613:LGBT community
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Freedom Riders
1325:
1320:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1252:Black genocide
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1001:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
975:
968:
956:
942:
937:
932:
931:
930:
916:
915:
914:
902:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
812:
807:
806:
805:
804:
803:
798:
793:
786:Cape Coloureds
778:
771:
769:Amazonian Jews
766:
760:
758:
754:
753:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
714:
713:
700:
687:
674:
660:
645:, ed. (1911).
643:Chisholm, Hugh
634:
620:
600:
574:
571:. p. 238.
554:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:
540:
535:
533:Racial hygiene
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
504:
499:
494:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
452:
450:
447:
423:Main article:
420:
417:
401:
400:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
370:
366:
365:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:
335:
331:
330:
327:
322:
318:
317:
314:
311:
307:
306:
303:
298:
294:
293:
282:
279:Saint-Domingue
275:
273:Black ancestry
172:
169:
164:Miguel Cabrera
97:
94:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3769:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3727:
3719:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Massachusetts
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3578:San Francisco
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:Ethnic groups
3502:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Nuevomexicano
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Neighborhoods
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Sports firsts
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2923:West Virginia
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:Pennsylvania
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2839:New York City
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:San Francisco
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:By state/city
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:American Sign
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:Neighborhoods
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:Black Indians
2462:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Black schools
2040:
2038:
2037:Black studies
2035:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2019:Whitney Young
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Oprah Winfrey
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Denmark Vesey
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Joseph Rainey
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Toni Morrison
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Joseph Lowery
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Jesse Jackson
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Kamala Harris
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:Marcus Garvey
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Blanche Bruce
1732:
1730:
1729:Edward Brooke
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:James Bradley
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:James Baldwin
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Neighborhoods
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Silent Parade
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Jim Crow laws
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Black cowboys
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:One-drop rule
1090:
1088:
1087:Miscegenation
1085:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
966:
962:
961:
960:
957:
954:
953:
948:
947:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
929:
928:
924:
923:
922:
921:
917:
913:
910:
909:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Anglo-Burmese
830:
826:
825:
821:
820:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
759:
755:
750:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
723:
720:
710:
704:
697:
691:
684:
678:
670:
664:
656:
655:
649:
644:
638:
632:
631:
624:
617:
611:
609:
607:
605:
588:
584:
578:
570:
566:
559:
555:
544:
543:Sally Hemings
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:One-drop rule
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
502:Miscegenation
500:
498:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
426:
416:
414:
413:
408:
398:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
339:
336:
333:
332:
328:
326:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
309:
308:
304:
302:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
287:
283:
281:
280:
276:
274:
271:
270:
267:
265:
260:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
242:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
210:
209:
203:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
182:
178:
165:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
93:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:quarter-caste
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3698:
3339:Puerto Rican
3258:Demographics
3074:Sportspeople
3044:Billionaires
2961:Sierra Leone
2864:Philadelphia
2700:Jacksonville
2527:Demographics
2359:Jack Johnson
2349:Muhammad Ali
2182:Conservatism
2117:Black church
2014:Andrew Young
1999:Ida B. Wells
1989:David Walker
1984:C. T. Vivian
1939:Paul Robeson
1934:Hiram Revels
1914:Colin Powell
1894:Barack Obama
1849:James Lawson
1804:Jimi Hendrix
1774:James Farmer
1769:Medgar Evers
1739:Ralph Bunche
1689:Maya Angelou
1663:Middle class
1541:Afrofuturism
1467:
1455:
1448:
1369:
1314:
1261:
1227:Afrocentrism
1217:Abolitionism
1060:Ethnogenesis
1036:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1003:
997:
977:
970:
963:
951:
944:
925:
919:
904:
897:
873:
861:
837:Anglo-Indian
822:
774:
703:
695:
690:
682:
677:
663:
652:
637:
629:
623:
615:
591:. Retrieved
589:(in Spanish)
586:
577:
567:. New York:
564:
558:
461:Anglo-Indian
428:
410:
406:
404:
284:
277:
272:
261:
257:hexadecaroon
256:
252:
250:
245:
239:
237:
232:
218:
206:
204:
199:
193:
189:
185:
174:
159:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:
83:
78:
74:
70:
54:
50:
46:
36:
3673:In politics
3362:Costa Rican
3094:US senators
3064:Republicans
3049:Journalists
2906:San Antonio
2871:Puerto Rico
2812:Mississippi
2705:Tallahassee
2678:Los Angeles
2369:Jesse Owens
2354:Arthur Ashe
2212:Nationalism
2202:Raised fist
2165:Black power
2070:in medicine
2004:Roy Wilkins
1959:Emmett Till
1944:Al Sharpton
1709:Julian Bond
1704:James Bevel
1668:Upper class
1658:Stereotypes
1551:Black mecca
1463:Plantations
1242:Black Codes
1082:Melting pot
992:Mixed-blood
881:Luso-Asians
875:Luk khrueng
749:Multiracial
569:McGraw-Hill
518:Multiracial
497:High yellow
385:Quarteronné
231:. The term
214:U.S. census
86:hypodescent
3741:Categories
3615:New Mexico
3610:New Jersey
3568:California
3537:Christians
3452:Venezuelan
3437:Paraguayan
3432:Ecuadorian
3387:Salvadoran
3382:Panamanian
3377:Nicaraguan
3367:Guatemalan
3291:Floridanos
3274:Californio
3039:Astronauts
2829:New Jersey
2673:California
2177:Capitalism
1974:Nat Turner
1904:Rosa Parks
1889:Diane Nash
1859:John Lewis
1648:Newspapers
1618:Literature
1603:Juneteenth
1556:Businesses
1410:Exodusters
1378:Free Negro
847:Dutch Indo
814:Eurasians
764:Afro-Asian
550:References
364:Quarteron
290:Martinique
286:Guadeloupe
177:Aboriginal
146:Amerindian
63:Aboriginal
3573:San Diego
3556:By region
3447:Uruguayan
3427:Colombian
3417:Brazilian
3407:Argentine
3344:Nuyorican
3334:Dominican
3322:Caribbean
3153:Monuments
3029:Activists
2881:Tennessee
2801:Michigan
2785:Baltimore
2775:Louisiana
2768:Lexington
2751:Davenport
2690:Cleveland
2589:Languages
2518:Melungeon
2496:Blaxicans
2364:Joe Louis
2219:Socialism
2155:Anarchism
1884:Bob Moses
1869:Malcolm X
1789:Fred Gray
1653:Soul food
1591:New Negro
1576:Folktales
1486:Redlining
1133:Diasporas
940:Melungeon
906:Hùnxuě'ér
818:Amerasian
781:Coloureds
507:Mischling
396:Sang-mêlé
377:Mamelouk
350:Quarteron
253:mustefino
251:The term
238:The term
205:The term
200:Terceroon
166:, México.
124:cuarterón
110:cuarterón
106:quarteron
100:The word
96:Etymology
90:ancestors
79:quintroon
51:quarteron
43:Australia
3716:Category
3628:Portland
3620:New York
3595:Maryland
3585:Colorado
3493:Galician
3483:Canarian
3473:Asturian
3461:European
3442:Peruvian
3412:Bolivian
3372:Honduran
3176:Category
2967:America
2933:Diaspora
2918:Virginia
2851:Oklahoma
2834:New York
2817:Nebraska
2780:Maryland
2763:Kentucky
2729:Illinois
2668:Arkansas
2573:Illinois
2511:of color
2197:Populism
2170:Movement
2087:Religion
1429:Lynching
1212:Timeline
1147:See also
1027:Quadroon
1019:mameluco
927:caiçaras
912:Chindian
891:Topasses
886:Macanese
869:Kristang
630:octoroon
593:April 6,
486:Coloured
449:See also
373:Mamelouk
342:Mulâtre
181:biracial
102:quadroon
71:octoroon
67:European
47:quadroon
39:Americas
18:Octoroon
3752:Mulatto
3726:Commons
3640:Houston
3624:Oregon
3590:Florida
3563:Arizona
3547:Muslims
3488:Catalan
3468:Spanish
3422:Chilean
3301:Chicano
3296:Mexican
3104:Writers
3069:Singers
3054:Jurists
3002:Europe
2956:Liberia
2901:Houston
2805:Detroit
2741:Indiana
2734:Chicago
2717:Atlanta
2712:Georgia
2695:Florida
2663:Alabama
2613:English
2187:Leftism
2057:Museums
1608:Kwanzaa
1533:Culture
1501:Slavery
1204:History
1107:Plaçage
1102:Passing
1065:Exogamy
1048:History
1032:Sacatra
1012:caboclo
998:mulatos
965:castizo
959:Mestizo
946:mestiço
935:Marabou
920:juçaras
842:Burgher
824:Bụi đời
796:Griquas
791:Basters
538:Sacatra
512:Morisco
338:Mulâtre
325:Marabou
301:Sacatra
262:In the
241:sacatra
208:mulatto
186:morisco
141:castizo
132:morisco
121:cognate
114:quartus
59:African
3605:Nevada
3478:Basque
3313:Tejano
3284:Isleño
3251:Latino
3116:Mayors
3034:Actors
3006:France
2998:Israel
2986:Mexico
2971:Canada
2946:Gambia
2941:Africa
2891:Austin
2856:Oregon
2795:Boston
2758:Kansas
2724:Hawaii
2642:Gullah
2452:Yoruba
2442:Gullah
2313:Sports
2231:groups
2061:Women
1598:Hoodoo
1472:(1896)
1398:Second
1374:(1857)
1319:(1956)
1266:(1954)
1038:sarará
979:coyote
952:ainoko
810:Dougla
801:Oorlam
775:cafuzo
751:topics
471:Baster
407:griffe
353:Métis
316:Capre
313:Griffe
246:griffe
233:mustee
192:, see
3661:Other
3635:Texas
3521:White
3516:Black
3511:Asian
3329:Cuban
3241:Index
3017:Lists
2981:Haiti
2951:Ghana
2886:Texas
2822:Omaha
2100:Islam
1633:Names
1623:Music
1561:Dance
1121:Lists
1005:pardo
987:Métis
972:cholo
757:Terms
476:Casta
439:other
412:sambo
361:Métis
195:casta
190:chino
75:octo-
3647:Utah
3542:Jews
2913:Utah
2746:Iowa
2578:Ohio
2539:list
2447:Igbo
2437:Fula
1581:Hair
1571:Film
1288:1968
1278:1964
899:Hapa
863:Hāfu
595:2024
393:1/64
382:1/32
369:1/16
45:, a
41:and
1546:Art
1403:New
409:or
358:1/8
347:1/4
334:1/2
321:5/8
310:3/4
297:7/8
188:or
138:or
130:or
49:or
3743::
1417:/
651:.
603:^
585:.
445:.
399:-
388:-
329:-
305:-
198:.
152:.
3222:e
3215:t
3208:v
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
955:)
949:(
741:e
734:t
727:v
671:.
597:.
288:/
61:/
34:.
20:)
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