501:, citing figures supplied by an Ottoman official, says that 1500 were killed, including 200 women and children. Of the 1500 houses located in the Armenian quarter of Egin, 980 were pillaged and burned. According to another report by the British Consul at Harput, the pretext used to attack the town's Armenian quarter was an "indirect order" from the Sultan that "the Armenians of Egin were set to cause trouble and that the local authorities should 'take the necessary action'". The same report said that there was no revolutionary movement whatever, and the victims had given no offense. A few pistols and revolvers were found in the ruins of the burnt houses. In protest against all the massacres, the representatives of the major powers addressed an insulting letter to the sultan.
433:
99:
482:, armed by the Sultan, went on a rampage and slaughtered thousands of Armenians living in the city. According to the foreign diplomats in Constantinople, Ottoman central authorities instructed the mob "to start killing Armenians, irrespective of age and gender, for the duration of 48 hours." The killings only stopped when the mob was ordered to desist from such activity by Sultan Hamid. They murdered around 6,000 – 7,000 Armenians. Within 48 hours of the bank seizure, estimates had the dead numbering between 3,000 and 4,000, as authorities made no effort to contain the killings of Armenians and the looting of their homes and businesses.
112:
234:
building itself. However, intervention on part of the
European diplomats in the city managed to persuade the men to give way, assigning safe passage to the survivors to France. Despite the level of violence the Turks had wrought, the takeover was reported positively in the European press, praising the men for their courage and the objectives they attempted to accomplish. Nevertheless, aside from issuing a note condemning the pogroms in the city, the European powers did not act on their promises to enforce reforms in the country as future massacres of Armenians continued to take place.
346:, attacked and occupied the Ottoman Bank of Constantinople. The men entered the great hall of the Ottoman Bank armed with revolvers, daggers and dynamite bombs. Forming in small groups, they were accosted by one of the Albanian bank guards; they shot at him, triggering a shootout between the Armenians and the rest of the bank guards. During the initial part of the operation, nine of the attackers, including leader Papken Siuni were shot and killed in the firefight, and his role as leader of the operation was assumed by
460:, succeeded in persuading the Armenian men to leave the bank by promising to meet to their demands as well as grant them safe passage out of the bank. Sir Edgar's secretary told the revolutionaries that their action would alienate the European powers and cause a 'fearful massacre of Armenians' but they replied that if they died they would do so as martyrs and patriots. They were assured of a pardon and unhindered departure from the city on board Sir Edgar Vincent's private yacht.
993:
31:
334:
decision to take over the
Ottoman Bank was a strategic one as the bank held many European treasuries which would therefore attract the Europeans' attention the Armenians wanted. The men had been singled out because "apart from the interests of the European powers the various financial markets would also suffer heavy loss through the destruction of their property."
281:
448:
For centuries our forbears have been living with you in peace and harmony...but recently your government, conceived in crimes, began to sow discord among us in order to strangle us and you with greater ease. You, people, did not understand this diabolical scheme of politics and, soaking yourselves in
333:
accepted to take part in the act in
February 1896, the arrangements to raid the bank started. From the start, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation handed out fliers to the general population of the Ottoman Empire stating that their fight was not against them but the Ottoman Empire's oppression. The
233:
and hand-held bombs, the seizure of the bank lasted for 14 hours, resulting in the deaths of ten of the
Armenian men and Ottoman soldiers. The Ottoman reaction to the takeover saw further massacres and pogroms of 6,000 Armenians living in Constantinople and also Hamid threatening to level the entire
419:
The
Ottoman soldiers cut the bridge, thus preventing the riot from growing, but behind the barricade the deadly fight between the two group progressed with but little noise. As the massacre progressed, the bombs were thrown and pistol shots discharged from houses at various points with no apparent
292:
525:
stationed in the
Ottoman Empire, condemned "the rage of mad bigotry and cruel fanaticism," the "not infrequent reports of the wanton destruction of homes and the bloody butchery of men, women, and children, made martyrs to their profession of Christian faith."
516:
Despite the nature of the takeover of the bank, the brutality endured by the
Armenian civilian population in the wake of the incident overshadowed the incident itself, renewing Western concern for Armenian safety in the Ottoman Empire. United States President
403:(students from the theological seminaries), took over a hotel in the city of Constantinople and bombs and shots and missiles fairly rained upon the heads of the passersby, wounding many persons. The mob surrounding the bank extended to several villages on the
534:. It so mars the humane and enlightened civilization that belongs to the close of the 19th century that it seems hardly possible that the earnest demand of good peoples throughout the Christian world for its corrective treatment will remain unanswered.
423:
Different sources also contain reports of the city's Jews simultaneously aiding
Armenians and taking them into the shelter of their homes, as well as of them joining the Muslim mobs and partaking in the pillaging of Armenian shops and homes.
415:
and softas," most of whom resided in
Constantinople, rushed across the bridge towards Pera and Galata but were met by squads of cavalry who forced them back, thus confining their efforts at massacre to the Armenians in the close region.
218:, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation members saw its seizure as a means to bring full attention to their plight. At the time, the Ottoman Bank served as an important financial center for both the Empire and the countries of Europe.
449:
the blood of our brothers, you became an accomplice in the perpetration of this heinous crime. Nevertheless, know well that our fight is not against you, but your government, against which your own best sons are fighting also.
473:
Retribution against the ordinary
Armenian populace in Constantinople was swift and brutal. Ottomans loyal to the government began to massacre the Armenians in Constantinople itself. Two days into the takeover, the Ottoman
538:
Cleveland rejected the possibility of asserting American military force to protect Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, offering accommodation to "those who seek to avoid the perils which threaten them in Turkish dominions."
307:
The Armenian Revolutionary Federation sought to stop the murder of Armenians and planned the bank takeover to gain the attention and intervention of world powers. The plan to occupy the Ottoman Bank was masterminded by
260:
under Ottoman rule. The Armenians lived in their own villages and city quarters, separate from the muslims. They were subjected to heavy taxes and were downgraded as a separate group of Ottoman society, called a
652:
455:
After fourteen hours of occupation and repelling government attempts to retake the bank, the ambassadors of Europe, principally through the good offices of Russian consul Maximov, and the director of the bank,
271:
who viewed the small resistance as a threat to his power. In the 1890s, up to 300,000 Armenians had been massacred on the implicit orders of Sultan Hamid, massacres commonly known as the Hamidian massacres.
497:, was a native of the town. According to a report by the French Ambassador, Ottoman troops killed "upwards of 2000 Armenians" in Egin, including "many women and children". A report by the British Consul at
440:
On the same day, the revolutionaries sent a letter to the European major powers demanding that the sultan promise to attend to their demands and hand over the solution of the
353:
Threats were issued that if their list of political demands were not met, all hostages would be executed. They clarified that their goal was to dictate their political will.
1893:
1923:
1913:
1898:
210:
took over the bank which largely employed European personnel from Great Britain and France. Stirred largely due to the inaction of the European powers in regard to
2149:
1827:
444:
to an international judge. Otherwise, on the third day, they would blow themselves and the bank up. The following manifesto was issued to the Ottoman public:
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522:
420:
object. At the railroad depot on Seraglio Point an officer requested that some fifteen Armenian employees of the Oriental Express be delivered to him.
2251:
2241:
1110:
922:
862:
2040:
1992:
1566:
890:
803:
342:
On Wednesday, 26 August 1896, 13:00 o'clock, 26 Armenians from the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, armed with pistols and grenades and led by
2408:
981:
766:
1842:
202:
on 26 August 1896. In an effort to raise further awareness and action by the major European powers, 28 armed men and women led primarily by
959:
2124:
2045:
1727:
2368:
2278:
2225:
1470:
1125:
267:. Various Armenians who were resentful of Ottoman persecution took up arms to defend their basic rights. This infuriated the Sultan
1407:
457:
2378:
2388:
2098:
588:
513:
The Armenian Revolutionary Federation's goals had been partially accomplished in getting the attention of the major powers.
1872:
2383:
2332:
2295:
2285:
2114:
1958:
1400:
2137:
974:
2393:
2363:
2273:
2119:
1852:
1662:
1530:
1520:
1335:
1305:
1053:
846:
624:
564:
191:
116:
1340:
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2157:
1656:
1079:
2061:
1822:
1750:
1720:
1371:
1095:
1064:
243:
2342:
1928:
1500:
1074:
485:
On 15 September 1896, three weeks after the bank raid, Ottoman authorities organized a massacre in the town of
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2246:
2172:
1908:
1801:
1361:
1120:
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432:
989:
2189:
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I do not believe that the present sombre prospect in Turkey will be long permitted to offend the sight of
2403:
2337:
2212:
1975:
1953:
1903:
1290:
1130:
2398:
1888:
1847:
1713:
1423:
1325:
1295:
1069:
555:("In Memory of Papken Siuni") or popularly known as Ottoman Bank is about the events of the takeover.
2028:
1583:
1366:
1254:
2263:
2008:
1933:
1682:
1573:
1345:
377:(now Karaköy) financial district, from which narrow streets wind up other hills to the fashionable
617:
The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of The Ottoman Armenians
2219:
2205:
1791:
1475:
739:
263:
2315:
1688:
1490:
671:
268:
16:
Occupation of the Ottoman Bank in Istanbul by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2013:
1837:
1786:
1770:
1578:
1510:
365:
linked the old and newer parts of the city across the narrow estuary winding inland from the
2132:
1806:
1495:
1310:
1115:
997:
8:
1963:
1760:
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1515:
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1381:
257:
2179:
1765:
1546:
1463:
1204:
1154:
657:
247:
211:
2091:
505:
describes the Egin massacre as a "case of collective punishment through mass murder".
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1736:
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1558:
1320:
1315:
1149:
842:
834:
620:
584:
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441:
179:
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at the top. On this side of the bridge the Armenian men concentrated in the Galata,
378:
370:
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2201:
2033:
1968:
1865:
1535:
1458:
1330:
1259:
1199:
1184:
1164:
1159:
918:
518:
171:
134:
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2000:
1676:
1650:
1588:
1274:
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1209:
1105:
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653:
A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility
2320:
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1634:
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1249:
1229:
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1042:
1011:
927:
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808:
408:
322:
215:
199:
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104:
64:
951:
493:. Egin was chosen as the target because the leader of the bank raiding party,
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2086:
1624:
1609:
1392:
1239:
1224:
1189:
1016:
382:
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314:
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736:
Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era
494:
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343:
318:
309:
295:
203:
166:
130:
56:
2081:
2071:
1780:
647:
531:
366:
521:, responding to widespread support for the Armenian cause galvanized by
1981:
1244:
891:"To Aid The Armenians; Meeting of Sympathizers Held in Chickering Hall"
347:
330:
326:
284:
280:
207:
142:
373:, and the government offices. On the other the bridge opens up to the
2018:
1918:
1593:
390:
253:
80:
Massacre and pogroms of some 6,000 Armenians living in Constantinople
1705:
1619:
1234:
1179:
1047:
486:
404:
230:
226:
60:
436:
Surviving members of the takeover after they arrived in Marseille.
386:
291:
1376:
1022:
992:
222:
580:
The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
1059:
498:
490:
412:
374:
30:
411:. The weapons used by the populace were clubs and knives. The
321:, who would lead the operation along with his head assistant,
2325:
1604:
1219:
699:
Imperialism, Evangelism and the Ottoman Armenians, 1878–1896
76:
Death of ten of the Armenian militants and Ottoman soldiers
369:. On one side cobbled streets run up from the bridge to
955:
Armenian patriotic song, performed by Karnig Sarkissian
1828:
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
407:
including Tepe bashi and on the Asiatic coast of the
1111:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
2355:
619:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 53.
393:around Pera. An Ottoman mob, mainly made up of
1422:
855:
1721:
1408:
975:
762:
760:
611:
609:
607:
190:"Ottoman Bank takeover") by members of the
1728:
1714:
1471:Liberation struggle of Artsakh (1724-1731)
1415:
1401:
1126:Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
982:
968:
829:
827:
287:was one of the chief planners who survived
917:
508:
1881:
1521:Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery (1901)
790:
778:
757:
751:
722:
710:
701:. London: Frank Cass, 1993, pp. 107–108.
635:
604:
576:
431:
290:
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35:Imperial Ottoman Bank headquarters, 1896
841:. Oxford: Berghahn Books. p. 146.
833:
824:
2356:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
542:
2409:Armenian national liberation movement
1735:
1709:
1396:
963:
672:"1896 Occupation of the Ottoman Bank"
669:
577:Balakian, Peter (30 September 2003).
329:, better known by his nom de guerre,
839:The History of the Armenian Genocide
298:, the chief organizer of the attack.
2333:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
2115:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
1531:Yıldız assassination attempt (1905)
682:
13:
2138:National Armenian Relief Committee
14:
2420:
2369:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2274:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
1663:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1336:Turkish consulate attack in Paris
1054:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1048:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
945:
192:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
117:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1445:Organizations and military units
1080:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
991:
670:Yaman, Ilker (3 November 2015).
252:Contrary to Ottoman claims, the
110:
97:
29:
2062:Committee of Union and Progress
1751:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
1372:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
911:
883:
796:
784:
772:
570:
427:
381:(now Beyoğlu) area and finally
356:
244:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
1766:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897)
1567:Resistance during the genocide
1442:Political and military leaders
1341:Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
1301:Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
1102:Defunct militant organizations
1075:Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
745:
728:
716:
704:
663:
641:
629:
256:suffered from persecution and
194:(Dashnak Party) took place in
178:, "Raid on the Ottoman Bank";
1:
2379:Economy of the Ottoman Empire
2173:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
1802:Ottoman Empire in World War I
1491:Kum Kapu demonstration (1890)
1121:New Armenian Resistance Group
804:"MOBS KILLED MORE THAN 3,000"
598:
489:, in the eastern province of
275:
237:
2389:Military history of Istanbul
1771:Young Turk Revolution (1908)
1506:Ottoman Bank Takeover (1896)
1439:Persecution of the Armenians
1306:Yıldız assassination attempt
565:Yıldız assassination attempt
468:
463:
7:
2343:Hitler's Armenian reference
2338:Assassination of Hrant Dink
2213:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
1362:Provisional Republic of Van
1291:Armenian national awakening
1131:Armenian Revolutionary Army
1070:National Revival of Artsakh
558:
549:Armenian revolutionary song
302:
10:
2425:
2384:1896 in the Ottoman Empire
1516:Khanasor Expedition (1897)
1501:Zeitun rebellion (1895–96)
1486:Gugunian Expedition (1890)
1424:Armenian national movement
1326:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
1296:Armenian national movement
923:"MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT"
734:See Julia Phillips Cohen,
337:
241:
24:1896 Ottoman Bank takeover
2308:
2242:Witnesses and testimonies
2234:
2188:
2148:
2107:
2054:
1991:
1946:
1815:
1743:
1464:Battle of Halidzor (1727)
1430:
1367:First Republic of Armenia
1354:
1283:
1139:
1032:
1004:
863:"Peace in Constantinople"
553:Papken Siuniyi Hishadagin
183:
148:
122:
90:
39:
28:
23:
2394:1896 in economic history
2364:19th century in Istanbul
1964:Post-genocide population
1683:Armenian volunteer units
1346:1983 Orly Airport attack
1216:Militants and commanders
1039:Active political parties
2374:19th century in Armenia
2129:Foreign aid and relief
1954:Pre-genocide population
1792:1914 Greek deportations
1536:Battle of Sulukh (1907)
1459:Syunik rebellion (1722)
740:Oxford University Press
176:Osmanlı Bankası Baskını
2316:Late Ottoman genocides
2108:International response
1689:French Armenian Legion
1496:Sasun rebellion (1894)
1476:Zeitun uprising (1862)
536:
509:International response
453:
437:
323:Haig (Hrach) Tiriakian
312:, better known by his
299:
288:
175:
157:28 armed men and women
123:Commanders and leaders
1838:20 Hunchakian gallows
1787:1914 Armenian reforms
1776:Adana massacre (1909)
1526:Sasun uprising (1904)
1481:Bashkale clash (1889)
1096:National United Party
1065:National Agenda Party
528:
523:American missionaries
446:
435:
327:Garegin Pastermadjian
294:
283:
216:Sultan Abdul Hamid II
198:, the capital of the
188:Bank Otomani k'ravumĕ
184:Պանք Օթօմանի գրաւումը
2133:Near East Foundation
2099:Special Organization
1857:Concentration camps
1807:Battle of Sarikamish
1311:Battle of Sardarabad
1116:Army of Independence
998:Armenian nationalism
2190:Cultural depictions
2041:Rescue of Armenians
1959:Genocide casualties
1797:Congress at Erzerum
1761:Turkish nationalism
1382:Republic of Artsakh
1377:Republic of Armenia
921:(8 December 1896).
543:Cultural references
258:forced assimilation
2404:August 1896 events
2180:Treaty of Lausanne
2046:Turkish opposition
1547:Hamidian massacres
1511:Van Defense (1896)
1355:Political entities
1205:Rafayel Ishkhanian
1155:Mikayel Nalbandian
899:. 10 November 1896
871:. 2 September 1896
835:Dadrian, Vahakn N.
781:, pp. 108–109
742:, 2014, pp. 75–77.
725:, pp. 105–106
658:Metropolitan Books
638:, pp. 107–108
438:
300:
289:
248:Hamidian massacres
212:Hamidian massacres
165:occupation of the
2399:Conflicts in 1896
2351:
2350:
2279:100th anniversary
2168:Operation Nemesis
1942:
1941:
1756:Armenian question
1737:Armenian genocide
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1645:Political parties
1630:Drastamat Kanayan
1559:Armenian genocide
1453:Until World War I
1390:
1389:
1321:Karabakh movement
1316:February Uprising
1150:Khachatur Abovian
919:Cleveland, Grover
767:Armenian Question
615:Bloxham, Donald.
590:978-0-06-019840-4
583:. HarperCollins.
458:Sir Edgar Vincent
442:Armenian Question
161:
160:
86:
85:
2416:
2296:notable visitors
2269:Hidden Armenians
2198:Ravished Armenia
2120:Imperial Germany
2029:Shabin-Karahisar
2001:Armenian militia
1969:Hidden Armenians
1879:
1878:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1584:Shabin-Karahisar
1433:
1432:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1331:Khojaly massacre
1260:Movses Gorgisyan
1200:Silva Kaputikyan
1185:Avetis Aharonian
1165:Mkrtich Khrimian
996:
995:
984:
977:
970:
961:
960:
940:
939:
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935:
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909:
908:
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904:
887:
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878:
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859:
853:
852:
831:
822:
821:
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817:
812:. 29 August 1896
800:
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732:
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720:
714:
708:
702:
695:
680:
679:
676:We Love Istanbul
667:
661:
645:
639:
633:
627:
613:
594:
519:Grover Cleveland
269:'Abdu'l-Hamid II
185:
154:Ottoman regulars
139:
115:
114:
113:
103:
101:
100:
41:
40:
33:
21:
20:
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2291:Tsitsernakaberd
2230:
2184:
2144:
2103:
2092:Bahaeddin Şakir
2050:
1987:
1938:
1877:
1811:
1739:
1734:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1639:
1598:
1540:
1426:
1421:
1391:
1386:
1350:
1279:
1275:Jirair Sefilian
1270:Vazgen Sargsyan
1265:Monte Melkonian
1210:Monte Melkonian
1135:
1106:Armenian fedayi
1091:Armenakan Party
1087:Defunct parties
1028:
1000:
990:
988:
948:
943:
933:
931:
916:
912:
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242:Main articles:
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111:
109:
98:
96:
67:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2371:
2366:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2321:Greek genocide
2318:
2312:
2310:
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2186:
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2160:
2158:Courts-martial
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1230:Kevork Chavush
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1195:Kevork Ajemian
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946:External links
944:
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928:New York Times
910:
896:New York Times
882:
868:New York Times
854:
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809:New York Times
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697:Salt, Jeremy.
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660:, 2006, p. 42.
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371:Topkapı Palace
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200:Ottoman Empire
196:Constantinople
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1017:Tseghakronism
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848:1-57181-666-6
844:
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799:
793:, p. 109
792:
791:Balakian 2003
787:
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779:Balakian 2003
775:
768:
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754:, p. 104
753:
752:Balakian 2003
748:
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723:Balakian 2003
719:
713:, p. 105
712:
711:Balakian 2003
707:
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636:Balakian 2003
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625:0-19-927356-1
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364:
363:Galata Bridge
354:
351:
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335:
332:
328:
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320:
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316:
315:nom de guerre
311:
310:Bedros Parian
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32:
27:
22:
19:
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2163:Malta exiles
2055:Perpetrators
2005:By location
1980:
1866:Ra's al-'Ayn
1843:Confiscation
1675:
1505:
1300:
1021:
953:Bank Ottoman
952:
932:. Retrieved
926:
913:
901:. Retrieved
894:
885:
873:. Retrieved
866:
857:
838:
814:. Retrieved
807:
798:
786:
774:
747:
735:
730:
718:
706:
698:
675:
665:
656:. New York:
651:
648:Akcam, Taner
643:
631:
616:
579:
571:Bibliography
552:
546:
537:
529:
515:
512:
495:Papken Siuni
484:
480:bashibazouks
479:
475:
472:
454:
450:
447:
439:
428:Negotiations
422:
418:
400:
396:bashibazouks
394:
360:
357:Mob violence
352:
344:Papken Siuni
341:
319:Papken Siuni
313:
306:
296:Papken Siuni
262:
251:
220:
204:Papken Siuni
187:
167:Ottoman Bank
164:
162:
136:
131:Papken Siuni
91:Belligerents
75:
57:Ottoman Bank
18:
2259:Reparations
2247:Recognition
2220:The Promise
2150:Prosecution
1873:Terminology
1861:Deir ez-Zor
1783:(1912–1913)
1781:Balkan Wars
1691:(1916–1920)
1685:(1914–1917)
934:3 September
903:3 September
875:3 September
816:3 September
532:Christendom
367:Golden Horn
221:Armed with
214:started by
2358:Categories
1993:Resistance
1982:Vorpahavak
1947:Demography
1904:Diyarbekir
1833:Tehcir Law
1744:Background
1245:Armen Garo
1050:(Ramgavar)
738:. Oxford:
599:References
348:Armen Garo
331:Armen Garo
285:Armen Garo
276:Activities
238:Background
208:Armen Garo
143:Armen Garo
2286:Memorials
2235:Aftermath
2019:Musa Dagh
1976:Survivors
1929:Trebizond
1882:By region
1853:Mass rape
1651:Armenakan
1594:Musa Dagh
1549:(1894–96)
1082:(Hunchak)
1056:(Dashnak)
469:Massacres
464:Aftermath
391:Tarlabasi
254:Armenians
1816:Genocide
1620:Andranik
1235:Andranik
1180:Siamanto
1146:Thinkers
1005:Ideology
837:(2003).
769:Armenica
559:See also
405:Bosporus
303:Planning
231:dynamite
227:grenades
180:Armenian
149:Strength
61:Istanbul
52:Location
2309:Related
2082:Djevdet
1909:Erzurum
1657:Hunchak
1436:History
1284:History
1023:Miatsum
551:titled
503:Dadrian
338:Seizure
325:. When
223:pistols
172:Turkish
137:†
2264:Denial
2226:others
2087:Reshid
2077:Djemal
2067:Talaat
2009:Zeitun
1914:Harput
1899:Bitlis
1894:Aleppo
1823:Causes
1677:Fedayi
1665:(1890)
1659:(1887)
1653:(1885)
1574:Zeitun
1561:(1915)
1555:(1909)
1140:People
1060:Hosank
845:
623:
587:
499:Harput
491:Harput
476:softas
413:ulemas
401:softas
375:Galata
264:millet
133:
102:
72:Result
2326:Sayfo
2072:Enver
2034:Azakh
1924:Sivas
1889:Adana
1670:Units
1605:Arabo
1220:Arabo
1160:Raffi
387:Tünel
2206:film
2202:book
2024:Urfa
1589:Urfa
936:2008
905:2008
877:2008
843:ISBN
818:2008
621:ISBN
585:ISBN
487:Egin
478:and
399:and
389:and
379:Pera
361:The
246:and
206:and
163:The
44:Date
2014:Van
1934:Van
1919:Muş
1579:Van
547:An
2360::
2204:,
925:.
893:.
865:.
826:^
806:.
759:^
684:^
674:.
650:.
606:^
350:.
229:,
225:,
186:,
182::
174::
63:,
59:,
2208:)
2200:(
1729:e
1722:t
1715:v
1416:e
1409:t
1402:v
983:e
976:t
969:v
938:.
907:.
879:.
851:.
820:.
678:.
593:.
170:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
