Obsessive–compulsive disorder

2104:

behavioral observations and reports, is a key component to the success of such treatments. Parental interventions also provide positive reinforcement for a child who exhibits appropriate behaviors as alternatives to compulsive responses. In a recent meta-analysis of evidenced-based treatment of OCD in children, family-focused individual CBT was labeled as "probably efficacious," establishing it as one of the leading psychosocial treatments for youth with OCD. After one or two years of therapy, in which a child learns the nature of their obsession and acquires strategies for coping, they may acquire a larger circle of friends, exhibit less shyness, and become less self-critical. Trials have shown that children and adolescents with OCD should begin treatment with the combination of CBT with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or CBT alone, rather than only an SSRI.

507:

depression, anxiety, and disruptive behavior disorder. Continually, children are more likely to struggle in school and experience difficulties in social situations (Lack 2012). When looking at both adults and children a study found the average ages of onset to be 21 and 24 for males and females respectively. While some studies have shown that OCD with earlier onset is associated with greater severity, other studies have not been able to validate this finding. Looking at women specifically, a different study suggested that 62% of participants found that their symptoms worsened at a premenstrual age. Across the board, all demographics and studies showed a mean age of onset of less than 25.

2139: 1894:. According to inference-based therapy, obsessional thinking occurs when the person replaces reality and real probabilities with imagined possibilities. The goal of inference-based therapy is to reorient clients towards trusting the senses and relating to reality in a normal, non-effortful way. Differences between normal and obsessional doubts are presented, and clients are encouraged to use their senses and reasoning as they do in non-obsessive-compulsive disorder situations. Research on Inference-Based Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (I-CBT) suggests it can lead to improvements for those with OCD. 1361: 941:

slowness, and doubting, are not included in a rating of overall severity. The CY-BOCS has demonstrated good convergent validity with clinician-rated OCD severity, and good to fair discriminant validity from measures of closely related anxiety, depression, and tic severity. The CY-BOCS Total Severity score is an important monitoring tool as it is responsive to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Positive treatment response is characterized by 25% reduction in CY-BOCS total score, and diagnostic remission is associated with a 45%-50% reduction in Total Severity score (or a score <15).

1822: 745:

necessarily perform these actions compulsively; for example, morning or nighttime routines and religious practices are not usually compulsions. Whether behaviors qualify as compulsions or mere habit depends on the context in which they are performed. For instance, arranging and ordering books for eight hours a day would be expected of someone who works in a library, but this routine would seem abnormal in other situations. In other words, habits tend to bring efficiency to one's life, while compulsions tend to disrupt it. Furthermore, compulsions are different from

819:(DSM-5), identifies a continuum for the level of insight in OCD, ranging from good insight (the least severe) to no insight (the most severe). Good or fair insight is characterized by the acknowledgment that obsessive–compulsive beliefs are not or may not be true, while poor insight, in the middle of the continuum, is characterized by the belief that obsessive–compulsive beliefs are probably true. The absence of insight altogether, in which the individual is completely convinced that their beliefs are true, is also identified as a 757:

directly related to the obsession, such as someone obsessed with contamination compulsively washing their hands, but they can be unrelated as well. In addition to experiencing the anxiety and fear that typically accompanies OCD, affected individuals may spend hours performing compulsions every day. In such situations, it can become difficult for the person to fulfill their work, familial, or social roles. These behaviors can also cause adverse physical symptoms; for example, people who obsessively wash their hands with

1318:(pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome) and CANS (childhood acute neuropsychiatric syndrome). The CANS and PANS hypotheses include different possible mechanisms underlying acute-onset neuropsychiatric conditions, but do not exclude GABHS infections as a cause in a subset of individuals. PANDAS, PANS, and CANS are the focus of clinical and laboratory research, but remain unproven. Whether PANDAS is a distinct entity differing from other cases of tic disorders or OCD is debated. 571: 1721:

actions often associated with OCD (such as ordering items in a pantry by height), the distinction with clinically significant OCD lies in the fact that the person with OCD must perform these actions to avoid significant psychological distress. These behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these activities are not logically or practically connected to the issue, or, they are excessive.

485:, approximately 1 in 40 U.S. adults and 1 in 100 U.S. children have OCD. Although possible at times with triggers such as pregnancy, onset rarely occurs after age 35, and about 50% of patients experience detrimental effects to daily life before age 20. While OCD occurs worldwide, a recent meta-analysis showed that women are 1.6 times more likely to experience OCD. Based on data from 34 studies, the worldwide prevalence rate is 1.5% in women and 1% in men. 590:, to seek relief from obsession-related anxiety. Within and among individuals, initial obsessions vary in clarity and vividness. A relatively vague obsession could involve a general sense of disarray or tension, accompanied by a belief that life cannot proceed as normal while the imbalance remains. A more intense obsession could be a preoccupation with the thought or image of a close family member or friend dying, or intrusive thoughts related to 1833:(ERP), which involves teaching the person to deliberately come into contact with situations that trigger obsessive thoughts and fears (exposure), without carrying out the usual compulsive acts associated with the obsession (response prevention). This technique causes patients to gradually learn to tolerate the discomfort and anxiety associated with not performing their compulsions. For many patients, ERP is the add-on treatment of choice when 2837:(IOCDF) is the largest 501(c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to serving a broad community of individuals with OCD and related disorders, their family members and loved ones, and mental health professionals and researchers around the world. Since 1986, the IOCDF provides up-to-date education and resources, strengthens community engagement worldwide, delivers quality professional training to clinicians, and funds groundbreaking research. 2773: 2460:, stating, "These things may seem ridiculous to others, even as ridiculous as they were in themselves, but to me they were the most tormenting cogitations." He wrote two pamphlets advising those with similar anxieties. In one of them, he warns against indulging in compulsions: "Have care of putting off your trouble of spirit in the wrong way: by promising to reform yourself and lead a new life, by your performances or duties". 1756:

Poor indicates that the patient believes their obsessional beliefs are probably true. Absent/delusional indicates that they fully believe their obsessional thoughts to be true. Approximately 4% or fewer individuals with OCD will be diagnosed as absent/delusional. Additionally, as many as 30% of those with OCD also have a lifetime tic disorder, meaning they have been diagnosed with a tic disorder at some point in their life.

780:(CBT), OCD patients are asked to overcome intrusive thoughts by not indulging in any compulsions. They are taught that rituals keep OCD strong, while not performing them causes OCD to become weaker. This position is supported by the pattern of memory distrust; the more often compulsions are repeated, the more weakened memory trust becomes, and this cycle continues as memory distrust increases compulsion frequency. For 58: 2554: 1942: 694: 503:

compulsions. The forbidden thoughts factor correlates highly with intrusive thoughts of a violent, religious, or sexual nature. The cleaning factor correlates highly with obsessions about contamination and compulsions related to cleaning. The hoarding factor only involves hoarding-related obsessions and compulsions, and was identified as being distinct from other symptom groupings.

1168:. In cases in which OCD develops during childhood, there is a much stronger familial link in the disorder than with cases in which OCD develops later in adulthood. In general, genetic factors account for 45–65% of the variability in OCD symptoms in children diagnosed with the disorder. A 2007 study found evidence supporting the possibility of a heritable risk for OCD. 1841:(SNRIs) medication does not effectively treat OCD symptoms, or vice versa, for individuals who begin treatment with psychotherapy. This technique is considered superior to others due to the lack of medication used. However, up to 25% of patients will discontinue treatment due to the severity of their tics. CBT normally lasts anywhere from 12-16 sessions, with 2470:(1709–1784) also had OCD. He had elaborate rituals for crossing the thresholds of doorways, and repeatedly walked up and down staircases counting the steps. He would touch every post on the street as he walked past, only step in the middle of paving stones, and repeatedly perform tasks as though they had not been done properly the first time. 1077:. Between 60 and 80% of those with OCD experience a major depressive episode in their lifetime. Comorbidity rates have been reported at between 19 and 90%, as a result of methodological differences. Between 9–35% of those with bipolar disorder also have OCD, compared to 1–2% in the general population. About 50% of those with OCD experience 1702:, or other licensed mental health professional. OCD, like other mental and behavioral health disorders, cannot be diagnosed by a medical exam, nor are there any medical exams that can predict if one will fall victim to such illnesses. To be diagnosed with OCD, a person must have obsessions, compulsions, or both, according to the 1706:(DSM). The DSM notes that there are multiple characteristics that can turn obsessions and compulsions from normalized behavior to "clinically significant". There has to be recurring and strong thoughts or impulsive that intrude on the day-to-day lives of the patients and cause noticeable levels of anxiousness. 1736:

There are several types of obsessive thoughts that are found commonly in those with OCD. Some of these include fear of germs, hurting loved ones, embarrassment, neatness, societally unacceptable sexual thoughts etc. Within OCD, these specific categories are often diagnosed into their own type of OCD.

1724:

Moreover, the obsessions or compulsions must be time-consuming, often taking up more than one hour per day, or cause impairment in social, occupational, or scholastic functioning. It is helpful to quantify the severity of symptoms and impairment before and during treatment for OCD. In addition to the

1131:

Some medications, toxin exposures, and drugs, such as methamphetamine or cocaine, can induce obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people without previous symptoms. Some atypical antipsychotics (second-generation antipsychotics) such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) and clozapine (Clozaril) can induce OCD in

772:

to explain their behavior; however, these rationalizations do not apply to the behavioral pattern, but to each individual occurrence. For example, someone compulsively checking the front door may argue that the time and stress associated with one check is less than the time and stress associated with

293:

Compulsions occur often and typically take up at least one hour per day, impairing one's quality of life. Compulsions cause relief in the moment, but cause obsessions to grow over time due to the repeated reward-seeking behavior of completing the ritual for relief. Many adults with OCD are aware that

2529:

he said: "I'm obsessive-compulsive. I have very, very strong obsessive-compulsive issues. I'm very particular. ... It's very hard for me, you know? It makes you very addictive in behavior, because routine and ritual become entrenched. But in work, it manifests itself in obsessive attention to detail

2372:

attributed obsessive–compulsive behavior to unconscious conflicts that manifest as symptoms. Freud describes the clinical history of a typical case of "touching phobia" as starting in early childhood, when the person has a strong desire to touch an item. In response, the person develops an "external

2230:

Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their life, with the yearly rate about 1.2%. OCD occurs worldwide. It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of 35 and half of people develop problems before 20. Males and females are affected about equally. However,

2107:

Although the known causes of OCD in younger age groups range from brain abnormalities to psychological preoccupations, life stress such as bullying and traumatic familial deaths may also contribute to childhood cases of OCD, and acknowledging these stressors can play a role in treating the disorder.

1797:

As a result, people with OCD are often aware that their behavior is not rational, and are unhappy about their obsessions, but nevertheless feel compelled by them. By contrast, people with OCPD are not aware of anything abnormal; they will readily explain why their actions are rational. It is usually

936:

Approximately 1–2% of children are affected by OCD. There is a lot of similarity between the clinical presentation of OCD in children and adults, and it is considered a highly familial disorder, with a phenotypic heritability of around 50%. Obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms tend to develop more

2021:

was "effective in the short-term", and found that "here was a small effect-size for risperidone or anti-psychotics in general in the short-term"; however, the study authors found "no evidence for the effectiveness of quetiapine or olanzapine in comparison to placebo." While quetiapine may be useful

1849:

For example, a patient might be asked to touch something very mildly contaminated (exposure), and wash their hands only once afterward (response prevention). Another example might entail asking the patient to leave the house and check the lock only once (exposure), without going back to check again

1755:

A different aspect of the diagnoses is the degree of insight had by the individual in regards to the truth of the obsessions. There are three levels, good/fair, poor and absent/delusional. Good/fair indicated that the patient is aware that the obsessions they have are not true or probably not true.

850:

Historically, OVI has been thought to be linked to poorer treatment outcome in patients with OCD, but it is currently considered a poor indicator of prognosis. The Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS) has been developed as a reliable quantitative method of measuring levels of OVI in patients with OCD, and

704:

Some people with OCD perform compulsive rituals because they inexplicably feel that they must do so, while others act compulsively to mitigate the anxiety that stems from obsessive thoughts. The affected individual might feel that these actions will either prevent a dreaded event from occurring, or

1977:

SSRIs are a second-line treatment of adult OCD with mild functional impairment, and as first-line treatment for those with moderate or severe impairment. In children, SSRIs can be considered as a second-line therapy in those with moderate to severe impairment, with close monitoring for psychiatric

1861:

The recent development of remotely technology-delivered CBT is increasing access to therapy options for those living with OCD and remote versions appear to equally as effective as in-person therapy options. The development of smartphone interventions for OCD that utilize CBT techniques are another

1720:

Compulsions become clinically significant when a person feels driven to perform them in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly, and when the person consequently feels or causes significant distress. Therefore, while many people who do not have OCD may perform

549:

In regards to the cause of onset, researchers asked participants in one study what they felt was responsible for triggering the initial onset of their illness. 29% of patients answered that there was an environmental factor in their life that did so. Specifically, the majority of participants who

2310:

Al-Balkhi describes obsessions particular to the disorder as "Annoying thoughts that are not real. These intrusive thoughts prevent enjoying life, and performing daily activities. They affect concentration and interfere with ability to carry out different tasks." As treatment, Al-Balkhi suggests

2291:

mystical text from the late 14th century, recommends dealing with recurring obsessions by attempting to ignore them, and, if that fails, to "cower under them like a poor wretch and a coward overcome in battle, and reckon it to be a waste of your time for you to strive any longer against them", a

1563:

Another model proposes that affective dysregulation links excessive reliance on habit-based action selection with compulsions. This is supported by the observation that those with OCD demonstrate decreased activation of the ventral striatum when anticipating monetary reward, as well as increased

1030:

with the heightened levels of anxiety. However, drug addiction among people with OCD may be a compulsive behavior. Depression is also extremely prevalent among people with OCD. One explanation for the high depression rate among OCD populations was posited by Mineka, Watson, and Clark (1998), who

940:

The Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) is the gold standard measure for assessment of pediatric OCD. It follows the Y-BOCS format, but with a Symptom Checklist that is adapted for developmental appropriateness. Insight, avoidance, indecisiveness, responsibility, pervasive

2119:

is reduced across all domains in OCD. While psychological or pharmacological treatment can lead to a reduction of OCD symptoms and an increase in reported quality of life, symptoms may persist at moderate levels even following adequate treatment courses, and completely symptom-free periods are

2103:

Therapeutic treatment may be effective in reducing ritual behaviors of OCD for children and adolescents. Similar to the treatment of adults with OCD, cognitive behavioral therapy stands as an effective and validated first line of treatment of OCD in children. Family involvement, in the form of

1763:

There has been a significant amount of progress over the last few decades, and as of 2022 there is statically significant improvement in the diagnostic process for individuals with OCD. One study found that of two groups of individuals, one with participants under the age of 27.25 and one with

1932:

Psychotherapy in combination with psychiatric medication may be more effective than either option alone for individuals with severe OCD. ERP coupled with weight restoration and serotonin reuptake inhibitors has proven the most effective when treating OCD and an eating disorder simultaneously.

1281:

structures of the brain in patients with OCD. There appears to be a connection between the OCD symptoms and abnormalities in certain areas of the brain, but such a connection is not clear. Some people with OCD have areas of unusually high activity in their brain, or low levels of the chemical

756:

People with OCD rely on compulsions as an escape from their obsessive thoughts; however, they are aware that relief is only temporary, and that intrusive thoughts will return. Some affected individuals use compulsions to avoid situations that may trigger obsessions. Compulsions may be actions

744:

Common compulsions may include hand washing, cleaning, checking things (such as locks on doors), repeating actions (such as repeatedly turning on and off switches), ordering items in a certain way, and requesting reassurance. Although some individuals perform actions repeatedly, they do not

1007:

It has been found that between 18 and 34% of females currently experiencing OCD scored positively on an inventory measuring disordered eating. Another study found that 7% are likely to have an eating disorder, while another found that fewer than 5% of males have OCD and an eating disorder.

506:

When looking into the onset of OCD, one study suggests that there are differences in the age of onset between males and females, with the average age of onset of OCD being 9.6 for male children and 11.0 for female children. Children with OCD often have other mental disorders, such as ADHD,

502:

review of symptom structures found a four-factor grouping structure to be most reliable: symmetry factor, forbidden thoughts factor, cleaning factor, and hoarding factor. The symmetry factor correlates highly with obsessions related to ordering, counting, and symmetry, as well as repeating

1857:

ERP has a strong evidence base, and is considered the most effective treatment for OCD. However, this claim was doubted by some researchers in 2000, who criticized the quality of many studies. While ERP can lead a majority of clients to improvements, many do not reach remission or become

1580:

From the observation of the efficacy of antidepressants in OCD, a serotonin hypothesis of OCD has been formulated. Studies of peripheral markers of serotonin, as well as challenges with proserotonergic compounds have yielded inconsistent results, including evidence pointing towards basal

835:, ideas that are abnormal compared to affected individuals' respective cultures, and more treatment-resistant than most negative thoughts and obsessions. After some discussion, it is possible to convince the individual that their fears are unfounded. It may be more difficult to practice 1597:

binding potentials that were normalized by treatment with SSRIs. Despite inconsistencies in the types of abnormalities found, evidence points towards dysfunction of serotonergic systems in OCD. Orbitofrontal cortex overactivity is attenuated in people who have successfully responded to

753:(such as head banging, body rocking, or self-biting), which are usually not as complex and not precipitated by obsessions. It can sometimes be difficult to tell the difference between compulsions and complex tics, and about 10–40% of people with OCD also have a lifetime tic disorder. 678:

might be inclined to treat inorganic matter as if it had the sentience or rights of living organisms, despite accepting that such behavior is irrational on an intellectual level. There is debate as to whether hoarding should be considered an independent syndrome from OCD.

2016:

is no better than placebo with regard to primary outcomes, but small effects were found in terms of Y-BOCS score. The efficacy of quetiapine and olanzapine are limited by an insufficient number of studies. A 2014 review article found two studies that indicated that

2481:, suffered from what was then called "obsessional neurosis". Lanzer's illness was characterised most famously by a pattern of distressing intrusive thoughts in which he feared that his father or a female friend would be subjected to a purported Chinese method of 6535:

Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team (27 October 2004). "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Sertraline, and Their Combination for Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Randomized Controlled Trial".

839:(ERP) on such people, as they may be unwilling to cooperate, at least initially. Similar to how insight is identified on a continuum, obsessive-compulsive beliefs are characterized on a spectrum, ranging from obsessive doubt to delusional conviction. In the 12095: 2454:, displayed symptoms of OCD (which had not yet been named). During the most severe period of his condition, he would mutter the same phrase over and over again to himself while rocking back and forth. He later described his obsessions in his autobiography 1171:

Research has found there to be a genetic correlation between anorexia nervosa and OCD, suggesting a strong etiology. First and second hand relatives of probands with OCD have a greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa as genetic relatedness increases.

899:

comparing washing and checking symptoms reported that washers outperformed checkers on eight out of ten cognitive tests. The symptom dimension of contamination and cleaning may be associated with higher scores on tests of inhibition and verbal memory.

2537:

stated that he had OCD, saying: "I have an obsessive–compulsive disorder that's completely under control. Thank God I've been able to undergo treatment and it doesn't make me unable to carry out my responsibilities as the President of the Republic."

1845:

assigned to the patient in between meetings with a therapist. (Lack 2012). Modalities differ in ERP treatment but both virtual reality based as well as unguided computer assisted treatment programs have shown effective results in treatment programs.

823:

thought pattern, and occurs in about 4% of people with OCD. When cases of OCD with no insight become severe, affected individuals have an unshakable belief in the reality of their delusions, which can make their cases difficult to differentiate from

522:

findings and treatment response, though neuroimaging studies have not been comprehensive enough to draw conclusions. Subtype-dependent treatment response has been studied, and the hoarding subtype has consistently been least responsive to treatment.

1491:

gyri. These findings contrast with those in people with other anxiety disorders, who evince decreased (rather than increased) grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular/caudate nuclei, as well as decreased grey matter volumes in bilateral dorsal

9769: 468:

augmentation. While SSRIs continue to be first-line, recent data for treatment-resistant OCD supports adjunctive use of neuroleptic medications, deep-brain stimulation, and neurosurgical ablation. There is growing evidence to support the use of

661:

contact with people of any age. Similar to other intrusive thoughts or images, some disquieting sexual thoughts are normal at times, but people with OCD may attach extraordinary significance to such thoughts. For example, obsessive fears about

2393:

exposed two hospitalized patients to anxiety-inducing situations while preventing them from performing any compulsions. Eventually, both patients' anxiety level dropped to manageable levels. Meyer devised this procedure from his analysis of

926:

published a systematic review of 24 studies researching associations between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and various psychopathologies that found a significant correlation between IGD and obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms in 3 of 4

6227:

Jones AM, De Nadai AS, Arnold EB, McGuire JF, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, et al. (February 2013). "Psychometric properties of the obsessive compulsive inventory: child version in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder".

1539:

of OCD symptoms, studies differentiating various symptoms have been performed. Symptom-specific neuroimaging abnormalities include the hyperactivity of caudate and ACC in checking rituals, while finding increased activity of cortical and

2377:

remained the dominant treatment for OCD until the mid-1980s, even though medicinal and therapeutic treatments were known and available, because it was widely thought that these treatments would be detrimental to the effectiveness of the

937:

frequently in children 10–14 years of age, with males displaying symptoms at an earlier age, and at a more severe level than females. In children, symptoms can be grouped into at least four types, including sporadic and tic-related OCD.

2281:" consulting an older monk, who told him: "My son, I take upon myself all the sins which these temptations have led you, or may lead you, to commit. All I require of you is that for the future you pay no attention to them whatsoever." 7819:

Stewart SE, Mayerfeld C, Arnold PD, Crane JR, O'Dushlaine C, Fagerness JA, et al. (June 2013). "Meta-analysis of association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 3' region of neuronal glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1".

1364:

Some parts of the brain showing abnormal activity in OCD: Orbitofrontal cortex integrates rewards, emotions, and behaviors; anterior cingulate cortex is involved in error detection; amygdala is involved in emotional interpretation of

11046:

Perera MP, Mallawaarachchi S, Miljevic A, Bailey NW, Herring SE, Fitzgerald PB (October 2021). "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trials".

11773: 6407:"A Meta-analysis of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Medication for Child Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Moderators of Treatment Efficacy, Response, and Remission: Research Article: Treatment Outcomes and Moderators in Pediatric OCD" 7962:"Human brain evolution and the "Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:" Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder" 2326:. The vast majority of people who thought that they were possessed by the devil did not have hallucinations or other "spectacular symptoms" but "complained of anxiety, religious fears, and evil thoughts." In 1584, a woman from 8668:

Rasgon A, Lee WH, Leibu E, Laird A, Glahn D, Goodman W, et al. (October 2017). "Neural correlates of affective and non-affective cognition in obsessive compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies".

1747:

Another criterion in the DSM is that a person's mental illness does not fit one of the other categories of a mental disorder better. That is to say, if the obsessions and compulsions of a patient could be better described by

843:, overvalued ideation (OVI) is considered most akin to poor insight—especially when considering belief strength as one of an idea's key identifiers. Furthermore, severe and frequent overvalued ideas are considered similar to 614:, the pathological guilt/anxiety about moral or religious issues. In scrupulosity, a person's obsessions focus on moral or religious fears, such as the fear of being an evil person or the fear of divine retribution for sin. 10272:

Aardema, F., O'Connor, K. P., Emmelkamp, P. M., Marchand, A., & Todorov, C. (2005). Inferential confusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder: the inferential confusion questionnaire. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43,

2094:

with exposure and ritual/response prevention. Likewise, in the United Kingdom, psychosurgery cannot be performed unless a course of treatment from a suitably qualified cognitive–behavioral therapist has been carried out.

2003:

for treatment-resistant OCD. Atypical antipsychotics are not useful when used alone, and no evidence supports the use of first-generation antipsychotics. For OCD treatment specifically, there is tentative evidence for

436:, are more effective than non-CBT interventions. SSRIs are more effective when used in excess of the recommended depression dosage; however, higher doses can increase side effect intensity. Commonly used SSRIs include 7683:

Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Sen S, Dombrowski P, Kelmendi B, Coric V, et al. (September 2008). "Association of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review".

1732:

In regards to diagnosing, the health professional also looks to make sure that the signs of obsessions and compulsions are not the results of any drugs, prescription or recreational, that the patient may be taking.

1759:

There are several different types of tics that have been observed in individuals with OCD. These include but are not limited to, "grunting", "jerking" or "shrugging" body parts, sniffling, and excessive blinking.

859:

Though OCD was once believed to be associated with above-average intelligence, this does not appear to necessarily be the case. A 2013 review reported that people with OCD may sometimes have mild but wide-ranging

12855: 12840: 12825: 1516:

Generally, two categories of models for OCD have been postulated. The first category involves deficits in executive dysfunction and is based on the observed structural and functional abnormalities in the dlPFC,

725:. Some individuals with OCD are aware that their behaviors are not rational, but they feel compelled to follow through with them to fend off feelings of panic or dread. Furthermore, compulsions often stem from 270:, and the fear of possibly harming others or themselves. Compulsions are repeated actions or routines that occur in response to obsessions to achieve a relief from anxiety. Common compulsions include excessive 1729:(Y-BOCS; expert rating) or the obsessive-compulsive inventory (OCI-R; self-rating). With measurements such as these, psychiatric consultation can be more appropriately determined, as it has been standardized. 493:

OCD can present with a wide variety of symptoms. Certain groups of symptoms usually occur together as dimensions or clusters, which may reflect an underlying process. The standard assessment tool for OCD, the

1725:

person's estimate of the time spent each day harboring obsessive-compulsive thoughts or behaviors, concrete tools can be used to gauge the person's condition. This may be done with rating scales, such as the

2373:

prohibition" against this type of touching. However, this "prohibition does not succeed in abolishing" the desire to touch; all it can do is repress the desire and "force it into the unconscious." Freudian

673:

Most people with OCD understand that their thoughts do not correspond with reality; however, they feel that they must act as though these ideas are correct or realistic. For example, someone who engages in

14797: 7873:

Pooley EC, Fineberg N, Harrison PJ (June 2007). "The met(158) allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder in men: case-control study and meta-analysis".

2417:

was effective in treating OCD. Many reports of its success in treatment followed, and several studies had confirmed its effectiveness by the 1980s. However, clomipramine was subsequently displaced by new

460:. Some patients fail to improve after taking the maximum tolerated dose of multiple SSRIs for at least two months; these cases qualify as treatment-resistant and can require second-line treatment such as 9765: 1141:

2) The onset of symptoms cannot be explained by an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that is not substance/medication-induced and should last for a substantial period of time (about 1 month)

480:

Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their lives, while rates during any given year are about 1.2%. More than three million Americans suffer from OCD. According to

2574:

Movies and television shows may portray idealized or incomplete representations of disorders such as OCD. Compassionate and accurate literary and on-screen depictions may help counteract the potential

392:

OCD is chronic and long-lasting with periods of severe symptoms followed by periods of improvement. Treatment can improve ability to function and quality of life, and is usually reflected by improved

286:, neutralizing, seeking assurance, praying, and checking things. People with OCD may only perform mental compulsions such as needing to know or remember things. While this is sometimes referred to as 1850:(response prevention). After succeeding at one stage of treatment, the patient's level of discomfort in the exposure phase can be increased. When this therapy is successful, the patient will quickly 807:

OCD sometimes manifests without overt compulsions, which may be termed "primarily obsessional OCD." OCD without overt compulsions could, by one estimate, characterize as many as 50–60% of OCD cases.

773:

being robbed, and checking is consequently the better option. This reasoning often occurs in a cyclical manner, and can continue for as long as the affected person needs it to in order to feel safe.

7640:

Ozaki N, Goldman D, Kaye WH, Plotnicov K, Greenberg BD, Lappalainen J, et al. (November 2003). "Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype".

6571:

Geller DA, Biederman J, Stewart SE, Mullin B, Martin A, Spencer T, et al. (November 2003). "Which SSRI? A Meta-Analysis of Pharmacotherapy Trials in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder".

8766:

Radua J, van den Heuvel OA, Surguladze S, Mataix-Cols D (July 2010). "Meta-analytical comparison of voxel-based morphometry studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder vs other anxiety disorders".

10263:

O'Connor, K., Aardema, F., & Pelissier, M.-C. (2005). Beyond reasonable doubt: Reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

2090:

for OCD is a treatment of last resort, and will not be performed until the person has failed several attempts at medication (at the full dosage) with augmentation, and many months of intensive

9844:"The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis" 1982:, so this treatment is qualified as efficacious. Efficacy has been demonstrated both in short-term (6–24 weeks) treatment trials, and in discontinuation trials with durations of 28–52 weeks. 1752:, it would not be diagnosed as OCD. That being said, OCD does often go hand in hand with other mental disorders. For this reason, one may be diagnosed with multiple mental disorders at once. 606:—will harm either the patient or the people or things the patient cares about. Others with OCD may experience the sensation of invisible protrusions emanating from their bodies, or feel that 11522: 4630:

McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Calamari JE, Kyrios M, Radomsky A, Sookman D, et al. (July 2004). "A critical evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: symptoms versus mechanisms".

3696:

Alonso P, Segalàs C, Real E, Pertusa A, Labad J, Jiménez-Murcia S, et al. (August 2010). "Suicide in patients treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective follow-up study".

5574:

Sarris J, Camfield D, Berk M (May 2012). "Complementary medicine, self-help, and lifestyle interventions for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and the OCD spectrum: a systematic review".

3613:

Starcevic V, Eslick GD, Viswasam K, Berle D (December 2020). "Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

8809:

Piras F, Piras F, Chiapponi C, Girardi P, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G (January 2015). "Widespread structural brain changes in OCD: a systematic review of voxel-based morphometry studies".

1138:

1) General OCD symptoms (obsessions, compulsions, skin picking, hair pulling, etc.) that developed soon after exposure to the substance or medication which can produce such symptoms.

3972:

Gava I, Barbui C, Aguglia E, Carlino D, Churchill R, De Vanna M, et al. (April 2007). "Psychological treatments versus treatment as usual for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)".

2492:

is known to have had OCD, primarily an obsessive fear of germs and contamination. Friends of Hughes have also mentioned his obsession with minor flaws in clothing. This was conveyed in

847:, which are so rigidly held by, and so important to affected individuals, that they end up becoming a defining identity. In adolescent OCD patients, OVI is considered a severe symptom. 9441:

Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. (November 1989). "The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability".

5915:

Neziroglu F, McKay D, Yaryura-Tobias JA, Stevens KP, Todaro J (September 1999). "The Overvalued Ideas Scale: development, reliability and validity in obsessive-compulsive disorder".

5164:

Hermans D, Engelen U, Grouwels L, Joos E, Lemmens J, Pieters G (January 2008). "Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: distrusting perception, attention and memory".

1568:

fear-extinction tasks, hyperresponsiveness in the amygdala to fearful stimuli, and hyporesponsiveness in the amygdala when exposed to positively valanced stimuli. Stimulation of the

7505:

Lee EB, Barney JL, Twohig MP, Lensegrav-Benson T, Quakenbush B (April 2020). "Obsessive compulsive disorder and thought action fusion: Relationships with eating disorder outcomes".

944:

CBT is the first line treatment for mild to moderate cases of OCD in children, while medication plus CBT is recommended for moderate to severe cases. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (

294:

their compulsions do not make sense, but they still perform them to relieve the distress caused by obsessions. For this reason, thoughts and behaviors in OCD are usually considered

12757: 9958:"People with obsessive-compulsive disorder often remain symptomatic following psychological treatment: A clinical significance analysis of manualised psychological interventions" 14882: 1901:

found that psychological interventions derived from CBT models, such as ERP, ACT, and IBT, were more effective than non-CBT interventions. Other forms of psychotherapy, such as

9476:

Foa EB, Huppert JD, Leiberg S, Langner R, Kichic R, Hajcak G, et al. (December 2002). "The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: development and validation of a short version".

14742: 4244: 2133: 1886:

specifically developed for treating OCD. The therapy posits that individuals with OCD put a greater emphasis on an imagined possibility than on what can be perceived with the

12113: 2124:. The risk of having at least one comorbid personality disorder in OCD is 52%, which is the highest among anxiety disorders and greatly impacts its management and prognosis. 1521:

and thalamus. The second category involves dysfunctional modulatory control and primarily relies on observed functional and structural differences in the ACC, mPFC, and OFC.

1460:

loop in OCD, as well as the high rates of comorbidity between OCD and ADHD, have led some to draw a link in their mechanism. Observed similarities include dysfunction of the

15079: 10893:

Pignon B, Tezenas du Montcel C, Carton L, Pelissolo A (November 2017). "The Place of Antipsychotics in the Therapy of Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders".

5459: 2075:. However, because deep brain stimulation results in such an instant and intense change, individuals may experience identity challenges afterward. In the United States, the 1717:

such obsessions, neutralize them with another thought or action, or try to rationalize their anxiety away. People with OCD tend to recognize their obsessions as irrational.

1629:, may improve some cases of OCD, they frequently exacerbate others. Antipsychotics, in the low doses used to treat OCD, may actually increase the release of dopamine in the 670:. Furthermore, the doubt that accompanies OCD leads to uncertainty regarding whether one might act on the troubling thoughts, resulting in self-criticism or self-loathing. 1262:

may have had evolutionary advantages. In this view, OCD may be the extreme statistical tail of such behaviors, possibly the result of a high number of predisposing genes.

14236: 10303:"Evaluation of Inference-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with Three Treatment Modalities" 10664:"Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain stimulation interventions in children and adolescents with mental disorders: an umbrella review" 1034:

Someone exhibiting OCD signs does not necessarily have OCD. Behaviors that present as obsessive–compulsive can also be found in a number of other conditions, including

377:. Personality disorders are a common comorbidity, with schizotypal and OCPD having poor treatment response. The condition is also associated with a general increase in 1472:, and may explain the high degree of comorbidity. Decreased volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex related to executive function has also been observed in OCD. 10836: 9379:"Reduction of N-acetylaspartate in the medial prefrontal cortex correlated with symptom severity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: meta-analyses of (1)H-MRS studies" 389:, absorbed, or otherwise fixated. However, the actual disorder can vary in presentation, and individuals with OCD may not be concerned with cleanliness or symmetry. 12533:

Camfield DA, Sarris J, Berk M (June 2011). "Nutraceuticals in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a review of mechanistic and clinical evidence".

1409:. However, an older meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging in OCD reported that the only consistent functional neuroimaging finding was increased activity in the 13435: 10013:"Serious negative consequences associated with exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A survey of therapist attitudes and experiences" 6114:

Leopold R, Backenstrass M (March 2015). "Neuropsychological differences between obsessive-compulsive washers and checkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

1164:

more often affected than fraternal twins. Furthermore, individuals with OCD are more likely to have first-degree family members exhibiting the same disorders than

11336:

Eddy KT, Dutra L, Bradley R, Westen D (December 2004). "A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder".

2382:. In the mid-1980s, this approach changed, and practitioners began treating OCD primarily with medicine and practical therapy rather than through psychoanalysis. 1657:

after deep brain stimulation correlates with improvement in symptoms, pointing to reduced dopamine release in the striatum playing a role in generating symptoms.

1247:(COMT) has been inconsistent, with one meta-analysis reporting a significant association, albeit only in men, and another meta analysis reporting no association. 10070:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder-contamination fears, features, and treatment:novel smartphone therapies in light of global mental health and pandemics (COVID-19)" 2959: 2506: 287: 12279: 11379:

Subramaniam M, Soh P, Vaingankar JA, Picco L, Chong SA (May 2013). "Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: impact of the disorder and of treatment".

5950:

Abramovitch A, Anholt G, Raveh-Gottfried S, Hamo N, Abramowitz JS (March 2018). "Meta-Analysis of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder".

2653:, teenage main character Aza Holmes struggles with OCD that manifests as a fear of the human microbiome. Throughout the story, Aza repeatedly opens an unhealed 7917:

Azzam A, Mathews CA (November 2003). "Meta-analysis of the association between the catecholamine-O-methyl-transferase gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder".

1764:

participants over that age, those in the younger group experienced a significantly faster time between the onset of OCD tendencies and their formal diagnoses.

10389:"Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for management of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis" 9793:"Unguided Computer-Assisted Self-Help Interventions Without Human Contact in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 7597:

Meier M, Kossakowski JJ, Jones PJ, Kay B, Riemann BC, McNally RJ (March 2020). "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in eating disorders: A network investigation".

1703: 1544:

regions in contamination-related symptoms. Neuroimaging differentiating content of intrusive thoughts has found differences between aggressive as opposed to

884:, while auditory attention was not significantly affected. People with OCD show impairment in formulating an organizational strategy for coding information, 1333:

OCD may be more common in people who have been bullied, abused, or neglected, and it sometimes starts after a significant life event, such as childbirth or

10358:

Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB (July 2007). "Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder".

12363: 4967: 4753:

Doron G, Szepsenwol O, Karp E, Gal N (December 2013). "Obsessing about intimate-relationships: testing the double relationship-vulnerability hypothesis".

1468:, as well as shared deficits in executive functions. The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in OCD is shared with 6701:

Angelakis I, Gooding P, Tarrier N, Panagioti M (July 2015). "Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a systematic review and meta-analysis".

3061:

Angelakis I, Gooding P, Tarrier N, Panagioti M (July 2015). "Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a systematic review and meta-analysis".

2675: 586:

Obsessions are stress-inducing thoughts that recur and persist, despite efforts to ignore or confront them. People with OCD frequently perform tasks, or

565: 5480:

van den Hout M, Kindt M (June 2004). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder and the paradoxical effects of perseverative behaviour on experienced uncertainty".

4886:

Huppert JD, Siev J, Kushner ES (October 2007). "When religion and obsessive-compulsive disorder collide: treating scrupulosity in Ultra-Orthodox Jews".

12188: 5140: 2794: 15072: 12456: 10291:

O'Connor, K., & Aardema, F. (2012). Clinician's handbook for obsessive compulsive disorder: Inference-based therapy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

1996: 10861: 1572:

has also been observed to effectively alleviate both obsessions and compulsions, supporting the role of affective dysregulation in generating both.

12508: 10577: 6071:

Pauls DL, Abramovitch A, Rauch SL, Geller DA (June 2014). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective".

3866: 1926: 801: 1560:

in aggressive symptoms, while observing increased connectivity between the ventral striatum and insula in sexual or religious intrusive thoughts.

14915: 14229: 4339:

Fawcett EJ, Power H, Fawcett JM (23 June 2020). "Women Are at Greater Risk of OCD Than Men: A Meta-Analytic Review of OCD Prevalence Worldwide".

2023: 1954: 1838: 1674:, less consistent abnormalities observed in neuroimaging studies, and the efficacy of some glutamatergic drugs (such as the glutamate-inhibiting 1254:

that moderate versions of compulsive behavior may have had evolutionary advantages. Examples would be moderate constant checking of hygiene, the

2833:

Many organizations and charities around the world advocate for the wellbeing of people with OCD, stigma reduction, research, and awareness. The

290:(Pure O), it is also considered a misnomer due to associated mental compulsions and reassurance seeking behaviors that are consistent with OCD. 14862: 11637: 5837:

Borda T, Neziroglu F, Taboas W, McKay D, Frenkiel L (September 2017). "Overvalued ideation in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder".

1294:

use to communicate with each other, and is thought to be involved in regulating many functions, influencing emotions, mood, memory, and sleep.

591: 6454:

McGuire JF, Lewin AB, Horng B, Murphy TK, Storch EA (January 2012). "The Nature, Assessment, and Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder".

2314:

From the 14th to the 16th century in Europe, it was believed that people who experienced blasphemous, sexual or other obsessive thoughts were

14837: 9125:"From Thought to Action: How the Interplay Between Neuroscience and Phenomenology Changed Our Understanding of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 2259: 2026:

in treatment-resistant OCD, these drugs are often poorly tolerated, and have metabolic side effects that limit their use. A guideline by the

1773: 1428:, habit, goal-directed behavior, self-referential thinking, and cognitive control. For nonaffective tasks, hyperactivity was observed in the 1035: 374: 350: 179: 33: 17: 12425: 10936:

Komossa K, Depping AM, Meyer M, Kissling W, Leucht S (December 2010). "Second-generation antipsychotics for obsessive compulsive disorder".

15065: 14978: 14274: 12402: 1350: 474: 2748:. Research on the potential for other supplements, such as milk thistle, to help with OCD and various neurological disorders, is ongoing. 653:" with "strangers, acquaintances, parents, children, family members, friends, coworkers, animals, and religious figures", and can include 1457: 1302:

A controversial hypothesis is that some cases of rapid onset of OCD in children and adolescents may be caused by a syndrome connected to

309:

Although the exact cause of OCD is unknown, several regions of the brain have been implicated in its neuroanatomical model including the

9751:

Carter, K. "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder." PSYC 210 lecture: Oxford College of Emory University. Oxford, GA. 11 April 2006.

6965: 4195:"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and pairwise/network meta-analysis" 15508: 14819: 14222: 13907: 13863: 12966: 11167: 8406:

Despite continued research in the field, the relationship between GAS and specific neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS) remains elusive.

7727:

Lin PY (April 2007). "Meta-analysis of the association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with obsessive-compulsive disorder".

6497:

Watson HJ, Rees CS (May 2008). "Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled treatment trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder".

3364: 3165:"Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 4488:

Swedo SE (1 April 1989). "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Phenomenology of 70 Consecutive Cases".

2657:

on her finger to drain out what she believes are pathogens. The novel is based on Green's own experiences with OCD. He explained that

1682:

in the mPFC, which is thought to reflect neuron density or functionality, although the exact interpretation has not been established.

895:

Specific subtypes of symptom dimensions in OCD have been associated with specific cognitive deficits. For example, the results of one

349:. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and requires ruling out other drug-related or medical causes; rating scales such as the 14264: 10126:"Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder" 9549:

Starcevic V, Janca A (January 2011). "Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: still in search of the concept-affirming boundaries".

9176:

Neuropsychopharmacology: the fifth generation of progress: an official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

8625:

Whiteside SP, Port JD, Abramowitz JS (November 2004). "A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder".

5391:"Hygiene of the Skin: When Is Clean Too Clean? Subtopic: "Skin Barrier Properties and Effect of Hand Hygiene Practices", Paragraph 5" 1876:

strategies to teach patients not to overreact to or avoid unpleasant thoughts and feelings but rather "move toward valued behavior."

1726: 495: 299: 1969:

SSRIs help people with OCD by inhibiting the reabsorption of serotonin by the nerve cells after they carry messages from neurons to

1868:(ACT), a newer therapy also used to treat anxiety and depression, has also been found to be effective in treatment of OCD. ACT uses 15293: 13722: 13339: 13152: 10282:

O'Connor, K. (2002). Intrusions and inferences in obsessive compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9, 38-46.

9261:"A Framework for Understanding the Emerging Role of Corticolimbic-Ventral Striatal Networks in OCD-Associated Repetitive Behaviors" 9025:"A Framework for Understanding the Emerging Role of Corticolimbic-Ventral Striatal Networks in OCD-Associated Repetitive Behaviors" 8038: 5536:

Himle MB, Flessner CA, Woods DW (2004). "Advances in the behavior analytic treatment of trichotillomania and Tourette's Syndrome".

2757: 1115:

The cause of OCD is unknown. Both environmental and genetic factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include a history of

1050:). Some cases of OCD present symptoms typically associated with Tourette syndrome, such as compulsions that may appear to resemble 539: 12482: 9766:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Core interventions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder" 6178:"Association between Internet Gaming Disorder or Pathological Video-Game Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Comprehensive Review" 14943: 13132: 3780:

Bynum WF, Porter R, Shepherd M (1985). "Obsessional Disorders: A Conceptual History. Terminological and Classificatory Issues.".

2456: 1222: 11957: 4667:"Autism and ADHD symptoms in patients with OCD: are they associated with specific OC symptom dimensions or OC symptom severity?" 709:

or distorted that it results in significant distress, either personally, or for those around the affected individual. Excessive

14515: 14259: 13458: 7296:

Lykouras L, Zervas IM, Gournellis R, Malliori M, Rabavilas A (September 2000). "Olanzapine and obsessive-compulsive symptoms".

4154:"Efficacy of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis" 2575: 2419: 1950: 1834: 1110: 1015:

at a substantially higher rate than the general public. Moreover, severe OCD symptoms are consistently associated with greater

193: 12576:

Davidson J, Bjorgvinsson T (June 2003). "Current and potential pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder".

12073: 6149:

Abramovitch A, Cooperman A (April 2015). "The cognitive neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A critical review".

5394: 5343:"Tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): phenomenology and treatment outcome in the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II" 15423: 12798: 12050: 12015: 11861: 11783: 11666:

Awaad R, Ali S (15 July 2015). "Obsessional Disorders in al-Balkhi's 9th century treatise: Sustenance of the Body and Soul".

11647: 11580: 11553: 10237: 9208: 9183: 8519: 8372:

Shulman ST (February 2009). "Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococci (PANDAS): update".

5666: 5218: 4834: 4801: 3793: 3042: 1784:. As egodystonic disorders go against a person's self-concept, they tend to cause much distress. OCPD, on the other hand, is 1314:

autoimmune process. The PANDAS hypothesis is unconfirmed and unsupported by data, and two new categories have been proposed:

916: 12281:

Turn box office movies into mental health opportunities: A literature review and resource guide for clinicians and educators

10976: 9199:

Muller CP, Jacobs BL, Dijk A, Klompmakers A, Deny D (2009). "4.4 The Serotonergic System in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder".

2720:

Much current research is devoted to the therapeutic potential of the agents that affect the release of the neurotransmitter

1019:. Reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency have been observed in people with OCD, with delayed sleep onset and offset. 14371: 9076:"Neurobiological model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings" 8942:

Friedlander L, Desrocher M (January 2006). "Neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults and children".

8586:"Provocation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a quantitative voxel-based meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies" 4109:

Hirschtritt ME, Bloch MH, Mathews CA (4 April 2017). "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment".

1790:, marked by the person's acceptance that the characteristics and behaviors displayed as a result are compatible with their 12781: 8012: 3293: 2545:

shared details about his compelling cleaning rituals, need for symmetry in the fridge, and the impact of OCD on his life.

15088: 14908: 13919: 13067: 12870: 12776: 12253: 10485:

Hirschtritt ME, Bloch MH, Mathews CA (April 2017). "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment".

7157:"Impact of adverse childhood experiences on the symptom severity of different mental disorders: a cross-diagnostic study" 6658:

Chen YW, Dilsaver SC (November 1995). "Comorbidity for obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders".

5993:

Shin NY, Lee TY, Kim E, Kwon JS (April 2014). "Cognitive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis".

3682: 3331: 2705:, may improve OCD symptoms. Administration of opiate treatment may be contraindicated in individuals concurrently taking 2632: 2578:

associated with an OCD diagnosis, and lead to increased public awareness, understanding and sympathy for such disorders.

1978:

adverse effects. Patients treated with SSRIs are about twice as likely to respond to treatment as are those treated with

1026:

and OCD. For example, there is a higher risk of drug addiction among those with any anxiety disorder, likely as a way of

10829: 10760: 1325:

in OCD found an increased risk of having anti-basal ganglia antibodies in those with OCD versus the general population.

13169: 13144: 12979: 12134: 10984: 10613:"Antidepressants in Children and Adolescents: Meta-Review of Efficacy, Tolerability and Suicidality in Acute Treatment" 10360: 9921: 4560:"Age at child obsessive-compulsive disorder onset and its relation to gender, symptom severity, and family functioning" 4440: 2953: 2027: 1424:

A meta-analysis comparing affective and nonaffective tasks observed differences with controls in regions implicated in

2948: 15450: 15335: 14648: 14309: 13955: 13775: 12288: 8893:

Radua J, Grau M, van den Heuvel OA, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Stein DJ, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, et al. (June 2014).

6843:"A prospective study of delayed sleep phase syndrome in patients with severe resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder" 2886: 2820: 2046: 1865: 1741: 722: 429: 12340: 9524: 7029: 6619:"Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 2802: 2402:. The success of ERP clinically and scientifically has been summarized as "spectacular" by prominent OCD researcher 15413: 14657: 14047: 13284: 13255: 13196: 5210: 4974: 4523:

Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL (December 1992). "The epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder".

2645: 2091: 1918: 1910: 1830: 1564:

functional connectivity between the VS and the OFC. Furthermore, those with OCD demonstrate reduced performance in

1148:

4) Clinically induces distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

1085:

episodes. OCD is also associated with anxiety disorders. Lifetime comorbidity for OCD has been reported at 22% for

956:

People with OCD may be diagnosed with other conditions as well, such as obsessive–compulsive personality disorder,

781: 511: 425: 370: 12762: 6885:

Paterson JL, Reynolds AC, Ferguson SA, Dawson D (December 2013). "Sleep and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)".

5080:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its related disorders: a reappraisal of obsessive-compulsive spectrum concepts" 4249:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents (A Systematic Review) | PCORI

15182: 13289: 13084: 13009: 11183: 10711:

Arroll B, Elley CR, Fishman T, Goodyear-Smith FA, Kenealy T, Blashki G, et al. (July 2009). Arroll B (ed.).

5236: 1303: 836: 482: 1589:

and transporter binding studies have yielded conflicting results, including higher and lower serotonin receptor

15197: 14901: 13942: 13727: 13698: 12959: 12371: 7550:"Obsessions are strongly related to eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa" 5880:

Kozak MJ, Foa EB (March 1994). "Obsessions, overvalued ideas, and delusions in obsessive-compulsive disorder".

3259:"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" 2798: 2306:, in a fashion unique to his era and which was not popular in Greek medicine. In his medical treatise entitled 2251: 2055:

may be used as a last resort in people who do not improve with other treatments. In this procedure, a surgical

1557: 1374: 1218: 243:) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. 11734:

Berrios GE (1989). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder: its conceptual history in France during the 19th century".

8337:

Zibordi F, Zorzi G, Carecchio M, Nardocci N (March 2018). "CANS: Childhood acute neuropsychiatric syndromes".

5416:

Pélissier MC, O'Connor KP (March 2002). "Deductive and inductive reasoning in obsessive-compulsive disorder".

4921: 1862:

alternative that is expanding access to therapy while allowing therapies to be personalized for each patient.

1798:

impossible to convince them otherwise, and they tend to derive pleasure from their obsessions or compulsions.

13468: 13186: 13162: 8545:"Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in primary obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis" 8467:

Robertson MM (February 2011). "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: the complexities of phenotype and treatment".

2143: 2080: 1842: 1536: 1528:

leads to improper valuation of behaviors and decreased behavioral control, while the observed alterations in

1116: 750: 12771: 12313: 5131: 4245:"Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents (A Systematic Review)" 3258: 1306:(GABHS), known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections ( 15438: 15276: 15136: 14653: 14131: 13668: 13201: 13046: 10387:

Skapinakis P, Caldwell DM, Hollingworth W, Bryden P, Fineberg NA, Salkovskis P, et al. (August 2016).

7106:"Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis" 4193:

Fitzsimmons SM, van der Werf YD, van Campen AD, Arns M, Sack AT, Hoogendoorn AW, et al. (April 2022).

3816: 2361: 2303: 2138: 2076: 1806: 1244: 1202:, the L allele was associated with OCD. Another meta-analysis observed an increased risk in those with the 1098: 1012: 965: 777: 769: 421: 354: 10528:

Simpson HB, Wetterneck CT, Cahill SP, Steinglass JE, Franklin ME, Leonard RC, et al. (1 March 2013).

9714:

Aardema F, O'Connor K (2003). "Seeing white bears that are not there: Inference processes in obsessions".

5271: 2302:, the 9th century Islamic polymath, was likely the first to classify OCD into different types and pioneer 15109: 14563: 13376: 13174: 10868: 9895:

Huppert & Roth: (2003) Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Exposure and Response Prevention.

6792:"Comparative Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Other Anxiety Disorders" 5769:

Kozak MJ, Foa EB (1994). "Obsessions, overvalued ideas, and delusions in obsessive-compulsive disorder".

4851: 1786: 1777: 303: 295: 14189: 9315:"Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive compulsive disorder: neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment" 2120:

uncommon. In pediatric OCD, around 40% still have the disorder in adulthood, and around 40% qualify for

385:

is sometimes used in an informal manner unrelated to OCD to describe someone as excessively meticulous,

15513: 15124: 14126: 13041: 11011:

Cybulska EM (February 2006). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder, the brain and electroconvulsive therapy".

2614:) with OCD who opens and closes doors three times while counting aloud before he can walk through them. 2322:. Based on this reasoning, treatment involved banishing the "evil" from the "possessed" person through 1449: 1402: 881: 498:(Y-BOCS), has 13 predefined categories of symptoms. These symptoms fit into three to five groupings. A 386: 12685:"Pharmaceutical prospects of Silymarin for the treatment of neurological patients: an updated insight" 10164: 10163:

Twohig MP, Abramowitz JS, Bluett EJ, Fabricant LE, Jacoby RJ, Morrison KL, et al. (1 July 2015).

9957: 851:

research has suggested that overvalued ideas are more stable for those with more extreme OVIS scores.

15518: 15308: 14993: 14852: 14136: 14105: 13483: 13366: 12952: 9224:

Kim KW, Lee DY (2002). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with a left orbitofrontal infarct".

8895:"Multimodal voxel-based meta-analysis of white matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 8237:

Dale RC (December 2017). "Tics and Tourette: a clinical, pathophysiological and etiological review".

3267: 2881: 2661:

is intended to show how "most people with chronic mental illnesses also live long, fulfilling lives".

2450: 2410: 2083:, requiring that the procedure be performed only in a hospital with special qualifications to do so. 2042: 1497: 1488: 1461: 1444:(mPFC) and posterior caudate. Affective tasks were observed to relate to increased activation in the 1418: 1074: 957: 358: 310: 167: 12636:"The role of glutamate signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 12207: 11309:

D'Alessandro TM (2009). "Factors influencing the onset of childhood obsessive compulsive disorder".

9903: 8287:

Marazziti D, Mucci F, Fontenelle LF (July 2018). "Immune system and obsessive-compulsive disorder".

3733:"Suicide Risk in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Exploration of Risk Factors: A Systematic Review" 1508:

in anterior midline tracts has been observed in OCD, possibly indicating increased fiber crossings.

15465: 15455: 15202: 14790: 14581: 14184: 14100: 14095: 13792: 13755: 13747: 13565: 13534: 13275: 13260: 12881: 2856: 2783: 2666: 2243: 1989: 1441: 1406: 1386: 1341:

and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. More research is needed to understand this relationship better.

993: 985: 726: 346: 9594:"Obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder and the criminal law" 6273:"The genetic epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 550:

answered with that noted their environmental factor to be related to an increased responsibility.

15286: 15246: 15224: 14867: 14804: 14771: 14735: 14663: 14121: 13628: 13478: 13473: 13430: 13247: 12433: 12394: 8977:

Stern ER, Taylor SF (September 2014). "Cognitive neuroscience of obsessive-compulsive disorder".

8066: 4826: 3512:

Huey ED, Zahn R, Krueger F, Moll J, Kapogiannis D, Wassermann EM, et al. (1 November 2008).

3298: 2787: 2494: 2395: 2247: 2068: 1922: 1898: 1879: 1810: 1425: 1382: 1310:). OCD and tic disorders are hypothesized to arise in a subset of children as a result of a post- 1251: 1090: 973: 797: 510:

Some OCD subtypes have been associated with improvement in performance on certain tasks, such as

433: 99: 11489: 11200:

O'Donohue W, Ferguson KE (2006). "Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology and Behavior Analysis".

11105:"Identity challenges and 'burden of normality' after DBS for severe OCD: a narrative case study" 5341:

Conelea CA, Walther MR, Freeman JB, Garcia AM, Sapyta J, Khanna M, et al. (December 2014).

5234:

Boyd MA (1994). "Integration of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Into Psychiatric Nursing Practice".

4714:

Markarian Y, Larson MJ, Aldea MA, Baldwin SA, Good D, Berkeljon A, et al. (February 2010).

3479: 3386:

Williams MT, Farris SG, Turkheimer E, Pinto A, Ozanick K, Franklin ME, et al. (June 2011).

3034: 1825:

One exposure and ritual prevention activity would be to check the lock only once and then leave.

1004:. Depression, anxiety, and prior suicide attempts increase the risk of future suicide attempts. 594:. Other obsessions concern the possibility that someone or something other than oneself—such as 15443: 15398: 15323: 15192: 15114: 15029: 14632: 14599: 14463: 13999: 13638: 13529: 13488: 13463: 13371: 4387:"Symptom dimensions and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a developmental perspective" 3219:

Goodman WK, Grice DE, Lapidus KA, Coffey BJ (September 2014). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder".

2283: 2064: 1565: 1120: 948:) are first-line medications for OCD in children with established AACAP guidelines for dosing. 515: 470: 465: 413: 342: 246:

Obsessions are persistent unwanted thoughts, mental images, or urges that generate feelings of

225: 161: 12921: 12834: 11232:"Evidence base update for psychosocial treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder" 5629: 5204: 4665:

Anholt GE, Cath DC, van Oppen P, Eikelenboom M, Smit JH, van Megen H, et al. (May 2010).

4270: 1360: 15487: 15418: 15403: 15366: 15019: 14668: 14363: 14355: 14194: 13927: 13807: 13714: 13693: 11988: 11834: 11570: 10662:

Correll CU, Cortese S, Croatto G, Monaco F, Krinitski D, Arrondo G, et al. (June 2021).

9919:

Klein DF (August 2000). "Flawed meta-analyses comparing psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy".

8584:

Rotge JY, Guehl D, Dilharreguy B, Cuny E, Tignol J, Bioulac B, et al. (September 2008).

7053:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity: clinical assessment and therapeutic implications" 6962: 6841:

Turner J, Drummond LM, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghodse H, White S, Pillay A, et al. (June 2007).

6271:

Blanco-Vieira T, Radua J, Marcelino L, Bloch M, Mataix-Cols D, do Rosário MC (28 June 2023).

2584: 2530:

and fixation. It serves my work very well: Things don't slip by. But I'm not very easygoing.

2399: 1891: 1679: 1594: 1505: 11850:

Tormenting Thoughts and Secret Rituals: The Hidden Epidemic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

11639:

Tormenting Thoughts and Secret Rituals: The Hidden Epidemic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

11572:

The Literary and Linguistic Construction of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: No Ordinary Doubt

11155: 10011:

Schneider SC, Knott L, Cepeda SL, Hana LM, McIngvale E, Goodman WK, et al. (May 2020).

9763: 15356: 15351: 15241: 15177: 15162: 15146: 15141: 14842: 14443: 14299: 14019: 13932: 13688: 13508: 13109: 13089: 10584:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 3 November 2022. 6920:

Mineka S, Watson D, Clark LA (1998). "Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders".

5609:

Weisman MM (May 1998). "The cross national epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder".

5292:

Storch EA, Stigge-Kaufman D, Marien WE, Sajid M, Jacob ML, Geffken GR, et al. (2008).

5027:"Sexual orientation obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and correlates" 2485:

in which rats would be encouraged to gnaw their way out of a victim's body by a hot poker.

2335: 2315: 2121: 1710: 1646: 1642: 1525: 1493: 1484: 1370: 909: 889: 789: 710: 698: 314: 37: 14350: 11989:"Rat Man Case Study: Sigmund Freud's Search For The Cause Of One Man's Obsessive Thoughts" 11775:

Totem and Taboo:Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics

11544:

Summers J, Sinnott-Armstrong W (2019). "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Little History".

9362:

Graat I, Figee M, Denys D. "Neurotransmitter Dysregulation in OCD". In Pittinger C (ed.).

9178:(5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1609–1610. 7770:

Stewart SE, Yu D, Scharf JM, Neale BM, Fagerness JA, Mathews CA, et al. (July 2013).

7247:"Olanzapine induced de-novo obsessive compulsive disorder in a patient with schizophrenia" 6739:

Bang L, Kristensen UB, Wisting L, Stedal K, Garte M, Minde Å, et al. (January 2020).

4008:"Meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 2694: 1821: 1483:, extending to the caudate nuclei, with decreased grey matter volumes in bilateral dorsal 1031:

explained that people with OCD, or any other anxiety disorder, may feel "out of control".

1000:. More than 50% of people with OCD experience suicidal tendencies, and 15% have attempted 8: 15408: 15236: 14832: 14459: 14439: 14069: 14051: 14014: 14004: 13858: 13760: 13737: 13585: 13577: 13356: 13334: 13062: 12932: 12859: 12457:"Double Dare Host Marc Summers Crossed Paths With Broadway, and Now He's Got a Solo Show" 12364:"Royal College of Psychiatrists, Discover Psychiatry, Minds on Film Blog, Matchstick Men" 9791:

Imai H, Tajika A, Narita H, Yoshinaga N, Kimura K, Nakamura H, et al. (April 2022).

9454: 5627: 5091: 4822: 4501: 4152:

Gadot R, Najera R, Hirani S, Anand A, Storch E, Goodman WK, et al. (November 2022).

2871: 1714: 1668: 1626: 1369:

Functional neuroimaging during symptom provocation has observed abnormal activity in the

1027: 877: 873: 688: 675: 587: 88: 12719: 12684: 10737: 10712: 6299: 6272: 4434:

Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Rosario MC, Pittenger C, Leckman JF (December 2008).

4402: 2342:

after she confessed that she experienced constant, unwanted urges to murder her family.

1973:; thus, more serotonin is available to pass further messages between nearby nerve cells. 15371: 15104: 14857: 14764: 14399: 13732: 13329: 13181: 12788: 12660: 12635: 12601: 12558: 12235: 11933: 11906: 11905:

Guzick AG, Candelari A, Wiese AD, Schneider SC, Goodman WK, Storch EA (November 2021).

11499: 11472: 11448: 11439: 11423: 11404: 11361: 11256: 11231: 11131: 11104: 11072: 10957: 10918: 10688: 10663: 10639: 10612: 10593: 10554: 10529: 10510: 10462: 10438:"Network meta-analyses and treatment recommendations for obsessive-compulsive disorder" 10437: 10413: 10388: 10340: 10094: 10050: 9993: 9870: 9843: 9819: 9792: 9731: 9696: 9658: 9618: 9593: 9574: 9501: 9403: 9378: 9339: 9314: 9287: 9260: 9151: 9124: 9105: 9051: 9024: 9002: 8919: 8894: 8834: 8791: 8738: 8713: 8694: 8650: 8602: 8585: 8511: 8444: 8419: 8397: 8312: 8262: 8211: 8202: 8186: 8162: 8137: 8136:

Wilbur C, Bitnun A, Kronenberg S, Laxer RM, Levy DM, Logan WJ, et al. (May 2019).

8118: 7986: 7961: 7942: 7899: 7855: 7796: 7771: 7752: 7709: 7665: 7622: 7574: 7549: 7530: 7439: 7365: 7340: 7321: 7273: 7246: 7181: 7156: 7132: 7105: 7081: 7052: 7007: 6945: 6859: 6842: 6818: 6791: 6767: 6740: 6683: 6596: 6479: 6431: 6406: 6382: 6355: 6253: 6204: 6177: 6096: 6018: 5975: 5862: 5713: 5515: 5367: 5342: 5323: 5108: 5079: 5055: 5026: 4947: 4691: 4666: 4462: 4435: 4411: 4386: 4364: 4313: 4296: 4134: 4086: 4059: 4032: 4007: 3946: 3921: 3895: 3757: 3732: 3638: 3587: 3562: 3538: 3513: 3489: 3462: 3414: 3387: 3191: 3164: 3028: 2861: 2593: 2299: 2293: 1914: 1586: 1480: 758: 663: 642: 267: 82: 15057: 12864: 10453: 10404: 8779: 8638: 7427: 7309: 5928: 5813: 5747: 5099: 4536: 3748: 2034:

may be considered by itself after more well-supported treatments have been attempted.

1236:

One meta-analysis found a small but significant association between a polymorphism in

15251: 15167: 14877: 14488: 14423: 13978: 13503: 13493: 13425: 13351: 13235: 12892: 12794: 12724: 12706: 12665: 12593: 12550: 12239: 12227: 12118: 11965: 11938: 11857: 11816: 11812: 11779: 11751: 11747: 11683: 11643: 11576: 11549: 11504: 11453: 11396: 11353: 11318: 11261: 11136: 11076: 11064: 11028: 10993: 10977:"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder" 10961: 10949: 10910: 10811: 10742: 10693: 10644: 10597: 10559: 10530:"Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder complicated by comorbid eating disorders" 10502: 10467: 10418: 10369: 10344: 10332: 10324: 10243: 10233: 10184: 10145: 10099: 10054: 10042: 10034: 9997: 9985: 9977: 9938: 9875: 9824: 9735: 9700: 9662: 9623: 9566: 9493: 9458: 9408: 9344: 9330: 9292: 9241: 9204: 9179: 9156: 9123:

Barahona-Corrêa JB, Camacho M, Castro-Rodrigues P, Costa R, Oliveira-Maia AJ (2015).

9097: 9056: 9006: 8994: 8959: 8924: 8875: 8838: 8826: 8783: 8743: 8686: 8642: 8607: 8566: 8525: 8515: 8484: 8449: 8389: 8354: 8304: 8254: 8216: 8167: 8110: 7991: 7934: 7891: 7847: 7801: 7744: 7701: 7657: 7626: 7614: 7579: 7534: 7522: 7484: 7443: 7431: 7388: 7370: 7341:"Clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: a critical review" 7313: 7278: 7227: 7186: 7137: 7086: 7011: 6999: 6937: 6902: 6864: 6823: 6772: 6741:"Presence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder" 6718: 6675: 6671: 6640: 6588: 6553: 6514: 6510: 6483: 6471: 6436: 6387: 6335: 6304: 6245: 6209: 6131: 6088: 6053: 6010: 5967: 5932: 5897: 5893: 5854: 5794: 5786: 5782: 5751: 5705: 5662: 5591: 5553: 5507: 5437: 5372: 5315: 5253: 5214: 5185: 5113: 5060: 4903: 4830: 4797: 4770: 4735: 4696: 4647: 4540: 4505: 4467: 4416: 4368: 4356: 4318: 4226: 4175: 4126: 4091: 4037: 4006:

Bloch MH, McGuire J, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF, Pittenger C (August 2010).

3985: 3951: 3789: 3762: 3713: 3674: 3642: 3630: 3592: 3543: 3529: 3494: 3419: 3359: 3236: 3196: 3136: 3090: 3082: 3038: 2434: 2031: 1883: 1854:

to an anxiety-producing situation, discovering a considerable drop in anxiety level.

1664: 1654: 1630: 1569: 1465: 1191: 1016: 981: 861: 666:

can appear to the affected individual, and even to those around them, as a crisis of

630: 619: 559: 232: 151: 92: 70: 12944: 12605: 12562: 11190:, by M. Jahn and M. Williams, PhD,. BrainPhysics OCD Resource, Accessed 6 July 2008. 10922: 10578:"Antidepressants for children and teenagers: what works for anxiety and depression?" 10514: 10165:"Exposure therapy for OCD from an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework" 9578: 9505: 9237: 8401: 8316: 8266: 8122: 8105: 8088: 7946: 7903: 7859: 7756: 7713: 6949: 6405:

McGuire JF, Piacentini J, Lewin AB, Brennan EA, Murphy TK, Storch EA (August 2015).

6257: 6100: 6022: 5634:

Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

5519: 5455: 5390: 5327: 4138: 2266:," praying with a "faltering voice," and scattering "incense with trembling hands." 15318: 15303: 15271: 14483: 14403: 14304: 13848: 13802: 13770: 13618: 13596: 13561: 13324: 13206: 13157: 13104: 13079: 13074: 13031: 13019: 12714: 12696: 12655: 12647: 12585: 12542: 12219: 12065: 11928: 11918: 11880: 11808: 11743: 11675: 11494: 11484: 11443: 11435: 11408: 11388: 11365: 11345: 11251: 11243: 11209: 11126: 11116: 11056: 11020: 10945: 10941: 10902: 10801: 10791: 10732: 10724: 10683: 10675: 10634: 10624: 10585: 10549: 10541: 10494: 10457: 10449: 10408: 10400: 10314: 10176: 10137: 10089: 10081: 10024: 9969: 9930: 9865: 9855: 9814: 9804: 9723: 9688: 9650: 9613: 9605: 9558: 9485: 9450: 9398: 9390: 9334: 9326: 9282: 9272: 9233: 9146: 9136: 9109: 9087: 9046: 9036: 8986: 8951: 8914: 8906: 8865: 8818: 8795: 8775: 8733: 8725: 8698: 8678: 8654: 8634: 8597: 8556: 8507: 8476: 8439: 8431: 8381: 8346: 8300: 8296: 8246: 8206: 8198: 8157: 8149: 8100: 7981: 7973: 7926: 7883: 7837: 7829: 7791: 7783: 7736: 7693: 7669: 7649: 7606: 7569: 7561: 7514: 7474: 7423: 7360: 7352: 7305: 7268: 7258: 7217: 7176: 7168: 7127: 7117: 7076: 7066: 6991: 6982:

Mansueto CS, Keuler DJ (September 2005). "Tic or compulsion?: it's Tourettic OCD".

6933: 6929: 6894: 6854: 6813: 6803: 6762: 6752: 6710: 6687: 6667: 6630: 6600: 6580: 6545: 6506: 6463: 6426: 6418: 6377: 6367: 6331: 6294: 6284: 6237: 6199: 6189: 6176:

González-Bueso V, Santamaría JJ, Fernández D, Merino L, Montero E, Ribas J (2018).

6158: 6123: 6080: 6045: 6002: 5979: 5959: 5924: 5889: 5866: 5850: 5846: 5778: 5743: 5717: 5695: 5583: 5545: 5497: 5489: 5429: 5362: 5354: 5305: 5245: 5177: 5103: 5095: 5050: 5046: 5042: 4895: 4866: 4762: 4727: 4686: 4678: 4639: 4581: 4571: 4532: 4497: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4406: 4398: 4348: 4308: 4216: 4206: 4165: 4118: 4081: 4071: 4027: 4019: 3981: 3977: 3941: 3933: 3752: 3744: 3705: 3622: 3582: 3574: 3533: 3525: 3484: 3474: 3409: 3399: 3257:

Sartorius N, Henderson A, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al.

3228: 3186: 3176: 3128: 3074: 2896: 2851: 2846: 2737: 2674:

as a 24-year-old Marnie who is plagued by disturbing sexual thoughts, as a kind of

2619: 2562: 2558: 2386: 2339: 2063:). In one study, 30% of participants benefitted significantly from this procedure. 2060: 1749: 1553: 1469: 1338: 1287: 1070: 997: 969: 961: 785: 714: 108: 13977: 12038: 12007: 11799:

Meyer V (1966). "Modification of expectations in cases with obsessional rituals".

11230:

Freeman J, Garcia A, Frank H, Benito K, Conelea C, Walther M, et al. (2014).

11024: 9768:. Information about NICE Clinical Guideline 31. UK National Health Service (NHS). 9609: 8854:"Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 7325: 6127: 4297:"Obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the postpartum period. A prospective cohort" 3841: 2588:

based around the character of Felix, who shows some of the common symptoms of OCD.

1709:

These thoughts, impulses, or images are of a degree or type that lies outside the

15523: 15313: 15207: 15187: 15119: 14827: 14473: 14408: 14342: 14334: 14325: 14024: 13982: 13853: 13840: 13787: 13782: 13765: 13645: 13440: 13412: 13213: 13036: 12975: 12886: 12752: 12223: 11907:"Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review" 11853: 11247: 11187: 10545: 9907: 9562: 8822: 8682: 8385: 8250: 7565: 7518: 7461:, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg N, Chen CH, del Campo N, et al. (December 2007). 7414:

Abramowitz JS, Taylor S, McKay D (August 2009). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder".

7057: 6969: 6584: 5425: 3163:

Veale D, Miles S, Smallcombe N, Ghezai H, Goldacre B, Hodsoll J (November 2014).

2876: 2601:

portrays a man with OCD who performs ritualistic behaviors that disrupt his life.

2403: 2350: 2263: 2146:

estimated rates for obsessive-compulsive disorder per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004

2116: 1949:

The medications most frequently used to treat OCD are antidepressants, including

1607: 1453: 1433: 1414: 1398: 1378: 1278: 1270: 1165: 1161: 1086: 989: 977: 667: 654: 543: 531: 401: 362: 334: 330: 228: 221: 171: 156:

Clinically based on symptoms; Y-BOCS is the gold standard tool to assess severity

14214: 14074: 12546: 10180: 10125: 9934: 9654: 8480: 8056: 7977: 7740: 6162: 5493: 5294:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth with and without a chronic tic disorder" 4766: 2045:(ECT) has been found to have effectiveness in some severe and refractory cases. 1713:

range of worries about conventional problems. A person may attempt to ignore or

1532:

activations leads to exaggerated fears and representations of negative stimuli.

1101:. The comorbidity rate for OCD and ADHD has been reported to be as high as 51%. 15433: 15393: 15383: 14935: 14778: 14703: 14009: 13950: 13874: 13683: 13650: 13633: 13623: 12897: 12701: 12619:

Koran LM (2007). "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Update for the Clinician".

11923: 11060: 10589: 10141: 9727: 9692: 9489: 8350: 7356: 7172: 6898: 6635: 6618: 6289: 6169: 5358: 5181: 3626: 3336: 3070: 2606: 2598: 2513: 2467: 2374: 1906: 1902: 1622: 1429: 1199: 1094: 865: 633:

that may involve intrusive thoughts or images of "kissing, touching, fondling,

405: 12651: 12589: 12161: 12114:"Greta Thunberg was nearly hospitalised due to disordered eating, says mother" 11778:. Translated by Strachey J. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 29. 11679: 11392: 11349: 11121: 10906: 10796: 10779: 10764: 10728: 10085: 9973: 9764:

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (November 2005).

8990: 8955: 8870: 8853: 8729: 8561: 8544: 8435: 7222: 7205: 7122: 6757: 6714: 6241: 6006: 5963: 5587: 5249: 4790: 4731: 4715: 4682: 4643: 4211: 4194: 3937: 3709: 3662: 3578: 3232: 3181: 3078: 2946: 15502: 15388: 15378: 14379: 14289: 14043: 13994: 13312: 12747: 12710: 12231: 12139: 11769: 10629: 10328: 10247: 10230:

Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change

10188: 10038: 9981: 9277: 9141: 9041: 7548:

Levinson CA, Brosof LC, Ram SS, Pruitt A, Russell S, Lenze EJ (August 2019).

7458: 7263: 7071: 6995: 6549: 6467: 5790: 5557: 4716:"Multiple pathways to functional impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 4170: 4153: 3086: 2542: 2534: 2525: 2489: 2478: 2379: 2369: 2270: 2087: 2052: 2000: 1671: 1661: 1634: 1611: 1311: 1229:

in a trio-based analysis, but no SNP reached significance when analyzed with

1039: 896: 869: 840: 658: 623: 499: 417: 397: 255: 189: 104: 12849: 10069: 9679:

Aardema F, O'Connor K (2007). "The menace within: obsessions and the self".

5433: 4792:

The Imp of the Mind: Exploring the Silent Epidemic of Obsessive Bad Thoughts

3514:"A Psychological and Neuroanatomical Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 3119:

Grant JE (August 2014). "Clinical practice: Obsessive-compulsive disorder".

3033:(5th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. pp. 15482: 15475: 15470: 15214: 15033: 15002: 14956: 14872: 14607: 14589: 14523: 14428: 13897: 13678: 13230: 12728: 12669: 12597: 12554: 11942: 11687: 11508: 11457: 11400: 11357: 11322: 11265: 11140: 11068: 11032: 10997: 10953: 10914: 10815: 10746: 10697: 10648: 10563: 10506: 10498: 10471: 10422: 10373: 10336: 10301:

Aardema F, Bouchard S, Koszycki D, Lavoie ME, Audet JS, O'Connor K (2022).

10149: 10103: 10046: 9989: 9942: 9879: 9828: 9627: 9570: 9497: 9412: 9364:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology and Treatment

9348: 9296: 9245: 9160: 9122: 9101: 9060: 8998: 8963: 8928: 8892: 8879: 8830: 8787: 8747: 8690: 8646: 8611: 8570: 8529: 8488: 8453: 8393: 8358: 8308: 8258: 8220: 8171: 8114: 8039:"Obsessive-compulsive Disorder | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness" 7995: 7938: 7895: 7851: 7805: 7748: 7705: 7661: 7618: 7583: 7526: 7488: 7479: 7462: 7435: 7374: 7317: 7282: 7231: 7190: 7141: 7090: 7003: 6906: 6868: 6827: 6776: 6722: 6644: 6592: 6557: 6518: 6475: 6440: 6391: 6308: 6249: 6213: 6194: 6135: 6092: 6057: 6014: 5971: 5936: 5858: 5755: 5709: 5595: 5511: 5441: 5376: 5319: 5189: 5117: 5064: 5000: 4907: 4871: 4774: 4739: 4700: 4651: 4471: 4420: 4360: 4322: 4230: 4179: 4130: 4122: 4095: 4041: 3989: 3955: 3766: 3717: 3678: 3634: 3596: 3547: 3498: 3423: 3240: 3200: 3140: 3094: 2891: 2671: 2637: 2611: 2520: 2464: 2414: 2365: 2311:

treating obsessive thoughts with positive thoughts and mind-based therapy.

2255: 2072: 2018: 1992:, appears to work as well as SSRIs, but has a higher rate of side effects. 1985: 1909:, may help in managing some aspects of the disorder. However, in 2007, the 1781: 1695: 1691: 1501: 1456:, ventral anterior thalamus, and posterior caudate. The involvement of the 1410: 1274: 1230: 885: 706: 611: 570: 519: 461: 457: 366: 271: 197: 175: 11820: 11755: 11180: 9842:

van Loenen I, Scholten W, Muntingh A, Smit J, Batelaan N (February 2022).

9462: 8712:

Brem S, Grünblatt E, Drechsler R, Riederer P, Walitza S (September 2014).

8420:"The neural bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults" 7887: 7653: 7104:

Ou W, Li Z, Zheng Q, Chen W, Liu J, Liu B, et al. (20 January 2021).

6941: 6808: 6790:

Tyagi H, Patel R, Rughooputh F, Abrahams H, Watson AJ, Drummond L (2015).

6679: 6322:

Last CG, Strauss CC (1989). "Obsessive—compulsive disorder in childhood".

5901: 5798: 5700: 5683: 5257: 4604: 4544: 4509: 4433: 3132: 1337:. It has been reported in some studies that there is a connection between 15428: 15045: 15023: 14987: 14964: 14784: 14533: 14478: 13882: 13613: 13344: 13094: 12916: 12332: 8811:

Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior

8153: 7930: 7842: 7833: 7697: 7025: 6534: 6372: 4436:"Meta-analysis of the symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 4352: 3437: 2866: 2745: 2698: 2624: 2502: 2445: 2005: 1890:, and confuse the imagined possibility with reality, in a process called 1873: 1851: 1699: 1678:) have implicated glutamate in OCD. OCD has been associated with reduced 1638: 1476: 1390: 1334: 1291: 1078: 1066: 1051: 793: 718: 535: 527: 445: 338: 144: 140: 127: 14893: 8765: 7389:"Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorder" 4005: 1999:(NICE) guidelines recommended augmentative second-generation (atypical) 1917:

showing their efficacy, "in dealing with the core symptoms of OCD." For

574:

People with OCD may face intrusive thoughts, such as thoughts about the

538:

disorders. For example, adults with OCD have exhibited more symptoms of

353:(Y-BOCS) assess severity. Other disorders with similar symptoms include 15361: 15231: 15219: 15172: 15129: 15041: 15037: 14972: 14968: 14960: 14952: 14571: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14528: 14418: 14199: 13892: 13797: 13498: 13223: 13218: 13014: 11424:"A review of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents" 10892: 9394: 8910: 8187:"A review of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents" 7919:

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics

7822:

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics

7787: 7686:

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics

7682: 7051:

Pallanti S, Grassi G, Sarrecchia ED, Cantisani A, Pellegrini M (2011).

6175: 5628:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (June 2016).

4899: 4576: 4559: 4221: 4023: 2741: 2733: 2714: 2710: 2650: 2640:' 1999 memoir which recounts how OCD affected his entertainment career. 2427: 2423: 2288: 2013: 2009: 1962: 1958: 1869: 1791: 1602:

medication, a result believed to be caused by increased stimulation of

1541: 1047: 762: 730: 705:

push the event from their thoughts. In any case, their reasoning is so

615: 518:(obsessive thought subtype). Subgroups have also been distinguished by 453: 449: 441: 437: 75: 14514: 12817: 12333:"Is This 'As Good as It Gets?': Popular Media's Representation of OCD" 11156:"FDA Approves Pioneering Treatment for Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder" 10761:"Review Finds SSRIs Modestly Effective in Short-Term Treatment of OCD" 10679: 10319: 10302: 9092: 9075: 7610: 6612: 6610: 6530: 6528: 6349: 6347: 6345: 5630:"Table 3.13, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comparison" 5502: 4586: 4483: 4481: 4334: 4332: 4076: 3608: 3606: 3456: 3454: 2505:

has openly spoken about his life-long struggle with OCD, particularly

2433:

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms worsened during the early stages of the

1858:

asymptomatic; some therapists are also hesitant to use this approach.

721:, and other body-focused repetitive behavior disorders are all on the 14710: 14506: 14413: 14152: 14084: 13902: 13361: 13099: 13024: 12927: 11213: 10778:

Fineberg NA, Brown A, Reghunandanan S, Pampaloni I (September 2012).

10029: 10012: 9956:

Fisher PL, Cherry MG, Stuart T, Rigby JW, Temple J (1 October 2020).

6422: 5549: 5310: 5293: 4192: 3785: 3404: 2729: 2721: 2390: 2278: 1603: 1582: 1445: 1283: 1180: 1082: 1023: 825: 734: 263: 14979: 12423: 11473:"The role of personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 10975:

Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB (July 2007).

10806: 10386: 10203: 6623:

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

6084: 5949: 3463:"The role of personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 3388:"Myth of the pure obsessional type in obsessive-compulsive disorder" 2772: 15330: 14717: 14627: 14469: 14433: 14293: 13887: 13557: 13524: 13450: 11045: 10777: 8543:

Pearlman DM, Vora HS, Marquis BG, Najjar S, Dudley LA (July 2014).

6607: 6525: 6342: 5914: 5173: 5078:

Murphy DL, Timpano KR, Wheaton MG, Greenberg BD, Miguel EC (2010).

5038: 4478: 4329: 4060:"Current trends in drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 3603: 3451: 2725: 2702: 2688: 2323: 2239: 2049:

has shown to provide therapeutic benefits in alleviating symptoms.

1675: 1650: 1618: 1549: 1529: 1518: 1322: 1259: 1207: 1203: 1176: 1157: 820: 638: 634: 326: 318: 283: 279: 275: 259: 132: 65:

Frequent and excessive hand washing occurs in some people with OCD.

9860: 9809: 8506:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 100. pp. 641–57. 6049: 5734:

Veale D (April 2002). "Over-valued ideas: a conceptual analysis".

5347:

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

4973:. Belmont, Massachusetts: MGH/McLean OCD Institute. Archived from 1780:, meaning that the disorder is incompatible with the individual's 729:, a symptom of OCD characterized by insecurity in one's skills in 15460: 12173: 10780:"Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 10611:

Boaden K, Tomlinson A, Cortese S, Cipriani A (2 September 2020).

10527: 7203: 7050: 6182:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

3842:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 3563:"Genetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders" 2758:

Animal psychopathology § Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

2516:

is also known to have OCD, among other mental health conditions.

2482: 2474: 2331: 2079:

approved deep-brain stimulation for the treatment of OCD under a

2071:

are possible surgical options that do not require destruction of

1979: 1970: 1437: 1001: 924:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

607: 603: 409: 378: 251: 247: 136: 112: 12875: 12782:

APA Division 12 treatment page for obsessive-compulsive disorder

12535:

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

12337:

Massachusetts General Hospital OCD and Related Disorders Program

12070:

Massachusetts General Hospital OCD and Related Disorders Program

10710: 7966:

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

7772:"Genome-wide association study of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 7729:

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

7463:"Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 7456: 7295: 6975: 6840: 6700: 6270: 5688:

The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science

3060: 15298: 14944: 14847: 14448: 13605: 13420: 12844: 12829: 12766: 10713:"Antidepressants versus placebo for depression in primary care" 10162: 10067: 9525:"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Symptoms & Treatment" 8502:

Singer HS (2011). "Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders".

8061: 8059: 7504: 7204:

Alevizos B, Papageorgiou C, Christodoulou GN (September 2004).

5611:

New Developments in Obsessive-Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders

5291: 2947:

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (January 2016).

2706: 2654: 2553: 2437:, particularly for individuals with contamination-related OCD. 2056: 1590: 1315: 1307: 1255: 1237: 1226: 1214: 1195: 741:, even in cases where there is no clear evidence of a deficit. 738: 646: 393: 345:-inducing events such as during the postpartum period or after 57: 11049:

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

10610: 9841: 8711: 6963:

Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Differential Diagnoses

6884: 6354:

Rapp AM, Bergman RL, Piacentini J, Mcguire JF (January 2016).

4664: 3256: 2368:, who further documented features of OCD. In the early 1910s, 1941: 1038:(OCPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or disorders in which 14042: 13383: 12509:"Pure review – a masterly comedy about sex and mental health" 12162:"EXCLUSIVE: Chile's President On Why He's Open About His OCD" 11904: 11378: 10300: 9900: 8336: 6404: 5077: 5001:"Sexual Orientation Worries in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 4629: 3385: 2523:

has also spoken about his OCD. In 2014, when interviewed for

2319: 1887: 1545: 1394: 1184: 1145:

3) This disturbance does not only occur during delirium.

816: 599: 575: 8845: 6789: 6570: 6356:"Evidence-Based Assessment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder" 6353: 4922:"Mysophobia (Germophobia): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment" 3922:"Pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 3612: 3030:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5

1965:

are effective in treating OCD for children and adolescents.

1011:

Individuals with OCD have also been found to be affected by

329:

component is evidenced by the increased likelihood for both

14883:

University of Florida Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Program

13556: 11281:

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder in Children & Adolescents

10935: 10661: 9440: 9198: 8135: 7818: 6738: 6070: 5340: 4713: 3782:

The anatomy of madness: essays in the history of psychiatry

3730: 2327: 2274: 1740:

OCD is sometimes placed in a group of disorders called the

1599: 1043: 945: 804:

are recommended for the treatment of compulsive behaviors.

746: 693: 650: 579: 322: 11102: 10974: 10357: 8808: 7026:"OCD and Tourette Syndrome: Re-examining the Relationship" 6226: 6035: 5163: 3731:

Albert U, De Ronchi D, Maina G, Pompili M (25 July 2019).

3561:

Browne HA, Gair SL, Scharf JM, Grice DE (September 2014).

3162: 2231:

there is an earlier age for onset for males than females.

2134:

Delayed-maturation theory of obsessive–compulsive disorder

1397:. Weaker foci of abnormal activity were found in the left 14453: 12634:

Wu K, Hanna GL, Rosenberg DR, Arnold PD (February 2012).

10259: 10257: 9790: 9429:

Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR

9226:

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

8583: 8542: 7639: 7244: 5836: 3663:"Obsessive compulsive disorder: diagnosis and management" 3218: 595: 12483:"John Green: 'Having OCD is an ongoing part of my life'" 12287:. Beneficial Film Guides, Inc. p. 8. Archived from 12189:"David Beckham reveals impact of OCD in new documentary" 12066:"The Aviator: A real-life portrayal of OCD in the media" 12039:"Hughes's germ phobia revealed in psychological autopsy" 12008:"Hughes's germ phobia revealed in psychological autopsy" 11543: 11229: 10010: 9475: 9431:. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2000. 8286: 7596: 7245:

Kulkarni G, Narayanaswamy JC, Math SB (1 January 2012).

5659:

Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry

3971: 3695: 1945:

A blister pack of sertraline under the brand name Zoloft

1794:, or are otherwise appropriate, correct, or reasonable. 1667:

have been implicated in OCD. Findings such as increased

254:, or discomfort. Some common obsessions include fear of 15087: 13829: 11700: 10484: 9955: 8624: 7547: 6453: 6038:

Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal of Psychiatry

5684:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder and delusions revisited" 5482:

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

4755:

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

4108: 534:

perspective, many of the symptoms may be the result of

477:

for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

12633: 11525:. National Institute for Mental Health. September 2022 11335: 10435: 10254: 10068:

Jalal B, Chamberlain S, Robbins T, Sahakian B (2022).

9312: 9201:

Handbook of the behavioral neurobiology of serotonin s

8138:"PANDAS/PANS in childhood: Controversies and evidence" 8086: 7872: 5460:

Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania

4752: 4294: 4151: 1421:(ACC) activation abnormalities were too inconsistent. 749:(such as touching, tapping, rubbing, or blinking) and 14925: 12974: 11721:

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders: Theory and Management

11718: 11705:(in Arabic). Cairo: Ma'had al-Makhtūtāt al-'Arabīyah. 11272: 11199: 11181:

Surgical Procedures for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

10204:"ACT | Association for Contextual Behavioral Science" 10169:

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

9643:

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

9641:

Hezel D (January 2022). "Delay to diagnosis in OCD".

7413: 6151:

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

5415: 5139:, American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 7, 4295:

Miller ES, Chu C, Gollan J, Gossett DR (March 2013).

3560: 2834: 2277:

plagued by constant and overwhelming "temptations to

1704:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

1132:

people, particularly individuals with schizophrenia.

817:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

14984:

Tooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

12807: 12575: 11958:"Samuel Johnson (1709–1784): A Patron Saint of OCD?" 11546:

Clean Hands: Philosophical Lessons from Scrupulosity

10784:

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

10436:

Wheaton MG, DeSantis SM, Simpson HB (October 2016).

9674: 9672: 9203:(1st ed.). London: Academic. pp. 547–558. 8941: 7769: 7450: 7210:

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

6148: 5538:

Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention

1524:

One proposed model suggests that dysfunction in the

1217:-wide association study found OCD to be linked with 11236:

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

10992:(7 Suppl). American Psychiatric Association: 5–53. 10227: 9713: 9678: 9313:Pittenger C, Bloch MH, Williams K (December 2011). 8667: 8089:"Treatment of PANDAS and PANS: a systematic review" 7155:Gu W, Zhao Q, Yuan C, Yi Z, Zhao M, Wang Z (2022). 6113: 4338: 4158:

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

3779: 3511: 2676:

primarily obsessional obsessive compulsive disorder

2507:

primarily obsessional obsessive–compulsive disorder

2262:. This man is described as "turning pale under his 761:and hot water can make their skin red and raw with 566:

Primarily obsessional obsessive compulsive disorder

288:

primarily obsessional obsessive–compulsive disorder

12992: 12532: 11875: 11873: 9891: 9889: 8417: 5573: 5535: 4885: 4789: 2406:decades following Meyer's creation of the method. 1772:OCD is often confused with the separate condition 1265: 810: 239:) and feels the need to perform certain routines ( 87:Feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform 14994: 14244: 11103:Bosanac P, Hamilton B, Lucak J, Castle D (2018). 10123: 9669: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8276: 6919: 5479: 4952:. unknown library. New York, G. P. Putnam's sons. 3360:"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children | CDC" 1997:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 1653:. Furthermore, increased dopamine release in the 1637:. Further complicating things is the efficacy of 1321:A review of studies examining anti-basal ganglia 15500: 13401: 12448: 11308: 8851: 8013:"Overview - Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)" 6880: 6878: 5681: 5656: 4384: 3294:"Overview – Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)" 2477:", real name Ernst Lanzer, a notable patient of 1548:thoughts, finding increased connectivity of the 796:(nail biting), behavioral interventions such as 14949:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 12186: 11870: 11631: 11629: 11627: 11225: 11223: 9886: 9073: 8714:"The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD" 8332: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8087:Sigra S, Hesselmark E, Bejerot S (March 2018). 7206:"Obsessive-compulsive symptoms with olanzapine" 2724:or the binding to its receptors. These include 2569: 2385:One of the first successful treatments of OCD, 14174: 11881:"The history of obsessive-compulsive disorder" 11625: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11607: 10351: 9548: 8460: 8273: 7338: 6981: 5992: 5024: 4522: 3919: 3656: 3654: 3652: 2949:"What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?" 2430:, which were shown to have less side effects. 2389:, emerged during the 1960s, when psychologist 2364:. Westphal's description went on to influence 1452:, while decreased activation was found in the 1022:Some research has demonstrated a link between 831:Some people with OCD exhibit what is known as 32:"OCD" redirects here. Not to be confused with 15073: 14909: 14230: 12960: 12569: 11329: 11302: 9912: 9308: 9306: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8718:Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 7633: 7599:The International Journal of Eating Disorders 7407: 7103: 6956: 6875: 6036:Çetinay Aydın P, Güleç Öyekçin D (2013). "". 5133:Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 4945: 4852:"On the nature and treatment of scrupulosity" 4671:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 4057: 3660: 1258:, or the environment for enemies. Similarly, 14505: 12682: 12395:"Happy to Be Neurotic, at Least Once a Week" 12208:"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Media" 11642:. New York City, New York: Dell Publishing. 11470: 11296:Obsessive Children: A Sociopsychiatric Study 11220: 10124:Twohig MP, Hayes SC, Masuda A (March 2006). 9759: 9757: 9376: 8365: 8323: 8232: 8230: 8178: 7916: 7154: 6913: 6834: 6657: 5675: 4849: 3460: 2565:and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. 1955:serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 1839:serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 1645:activity observed in OCD, and low levels of 475:repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation 14282: 12324: 12205: 11976:– via Westsuffolkpsych.homestead.com. 11604: 11490:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_526_18 10938:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10717:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9361: 8976: 8495: 8129: 6616: 6321: 4557: 3974:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3896:"Medications Approved for Treatment of OCD" 3649: 3480:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_526_18 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2801:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2691:has been suggested as a treatment for OCD. 15080: 15066: 14916: 14902: 14863:Relationship obsessive–compulsive disorder 14237: 14223: 13864:Other specified feeding or eating disorder 13131: 12967: 12953: 12424:Anxiety Disorders Association of America. 11719:Jenike MA, Baer L, Minichiello WE (1986). 11714: 11712: 11701:Al-Balkhi A, Misri M, al-Hayyat M (2005). 10232:(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. 9747: 9745: 9591: 9303: 9258: 9022: 8754: 8080: 7018: 6499:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 6496: 5418:The British Journal of Clinical Psychology 5206:Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary Practice 4609:Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 4380: 4378: 4053: 4051: 3821:National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 3365:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3214: 3212: 3210: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2360:) used in the first conceptions of OCD by 1829:One specific CBT technique used is called 282:, ordering, repeating, avoiding triggers, 56: 14923: 14838:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 12718: 12700: 12659: 12612: 12271: 12164:. Amanpour and Company. 26 September 2022 12096:"George Ezra opens up about OCD struggle" 11932: 11922: 11568: 11498: 11488: 11447: 11283:. Washington: American Psychiatric Press. 11255: 11130: 11120: 10805: 10795: 10736: 10687: 10638: 10628: 10553: 10461: 10412: 10318: 10093: 10028: 9869: 9859: 9818: 9808: 9754: 9617: 9424: 9422: 9402: 9338: 9286: 9276: 9150: 9140: 9091: 9074:Nakao T, Okada K, Kanba S (August 2014). 9050: 9040: 8918: 8869: 8737: 8601: 8560: 8466: 8443: 8411: 8227: 8210: 8161: 8104: 7985: 7841: 7795: 7573: 7478: 7364: 7272: 7262: 7221: 7180: 7131: 7121: 7080: 7070: 6858: 6817: 6807: 6766: 6756: 6634: 6430: 6381: 6371: 6360:Journal of Central Nervous System Disease 6298: 6288: 6203: 6193: 5699: 5652: 5650: 5501: 5366: 5309: 5107: 5054: 4961: 4959: 4870: 4816: 4746: 4690: 4585: 4575: 4461: 4410: 4312: 4220: 4210: 4169: 4085: 4075: 4031: 3945: 3900:Beyond OCD: OCD Information and Resources 3756: 3586: 3537: 3488: 3478: 3413: 3403: 3190: 3180: 3056: 3054: 2821:Learn how and when to remove this message 1988:, a medication belonging to the class of 1921:(BFRB), behavioral interventions such as 1774:obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 1767: 1440:, while hypoactivity was observed in the 1036:obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 917:Digital media use and mental health § OCD 375:obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 306:, helping differentiate between the two. 300:obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 298:. In contrast, thoughts and behaviors in 180:obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 34:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 15294:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 14127:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia 13723:Depersonalization-derealization disorder 12756:) is being considered for deletion. See 12640:Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 12277: 12254:"Don't Be Afraid of the Word "Disorder"" 12036: 12005: 11727: 11665: 11595: 11278: 11010: 10228:Hayes SC, Strosahl K, Wilson KG (2012). 9707: 9018: 9016: 8979:The Psychiatric Clinics of North America 8852:Radua J, Mataix-Cols D (November 2009). 8590:Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 8418:Maia TV, Cooney RE, Peterson BS (2008). 8339:European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 5879: 5768: 4965: 4707: 4558:Kenyon KM, Eaton WO (16 November 2015). 4525:The Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3926:The Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3920:Pittenger C, Bloch MH (September 2014). 3867:"What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?" 3332:"What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?" 3221:The Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2552: 2512:World renowned Swedish climate activist 2137: 1940: 1820: 1359: 1351:Biology of obsessive–compulsive disorder 951: 854: 837:exposure and response prevention therapy 692: 569: 540:attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder 14516:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 12627: 12578:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 12392: 12135:"James Spader: The Strangest Man on TV" 12132: 12057: 11733: 11709: 11661: 11659: 11548:. Oxford University Press. p. 19. 11421: 11083: 9742: 9519: 9517: 9515: 8371: 8184: 8007: 8005: 7500: 7498: 5814:"Over-valuedideas: aconceptualanalysis" 5608: 5272:"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, (2005)" 4879: 4859:Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy 4375: 4048: 3207: 3101: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2909: 2457:Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners 1951:selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 1835:selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 1813:are the first-line treatments for OCD. 1690:Formal diagnosis may be performed by a 903: 194:selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 14: 15501: 14260:Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale 12506: 12330: 12206:Fennell D, Boyd M (2 September 2014). 12063: 12053:from the original on 29 December 2008. 11847: 11835:"Behavior Therapy for OCD: Its Origin" 11635: 11153: 11093:. California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006. 9419: 9377:Aoki Y, Aoki A, Suwa H (August 2012). 9259:Wood J, Ahmari SE (17 December 2015). 9223: 8501: 8093:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 7959: 6802:. Hindawi Psychiatry Journal: 186927. 6734: 6732: 6230:Child Psychiatry and Human Development 5647: 5018: 4956: 4599: 4597: 4385:Leckman JF, Bloch MH, King RA (2009). 4064:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 3967: 3965: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3051: 2548: 2254:an ancient Roman man who possibly had 1273:studies have shown differences in the 1111:Cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder 578:(shown is a painted interpretation of 396:scores. Treatment for OCD may involve 15424:Psychological effects of Internet use 15061: 14897: 14265:Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 14218: 14173: 14041: 13976: 13828: 13555: 13400: 13310: 13130: 12991: 12948: 12786: 12618: 12480: 12454: 12405:from the original on 11 December 2008 12343:from the original on 22 February 2015 12076:from the original on 22 February 2015 11986: 11798: 11768: 11523:"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)" 11293: 9918: 9640: 9173: 9080:Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 9013: 6029: 5832: 5830: 5811: 5733: 5729: 5727: 5569: 5567: 5531: 5529: 4487: 4001: 3999: 3890: 3888: 3661:Fenske JN, Schwenk TL (August 2009). 3252: 3250: 3147: 3118: 2610:(2003) portrays a con man named Roy ( 2258:, which could be a symptom of OCD or 2059:is made in an area of the brain (the 1727:Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 1210:to be inversely associated with OCD. 864:, most significantly those affecting 626:, is another common obsession theme. 496:Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 488: 351:Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale 13311: 11827: 11656: 11013:British Journal of Hospital Medicine 10968: 10862:"Paroxetine prescribing information" 10830:"Sertraline prescribing information" 10655: 10604: 10570: 9848:Journal of Medical Internet Research 9797:Journal of Medical Internet Research 9772:from the original on 12 January 2017 9512: 9455:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 8469:British Journal of Hospital Medicine 8236: 8002: 7495: 7032:from the original on 1 November 2013 5986: 5233: 5202: 5146:from the original on 19 October 2013 4998: 4992: 4810: 4787: 4502:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810040041007 4301:The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 3567:Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3288: 3286: 2974: 2799:adding citations to reliable sources 2766: 2498:(2004), a film biography of Hughes. 1621:and OCD has been observed. Although 1198:was associated with OCD overall, in 337:. Risk factors include a history of 15089:Digital media use and mental health 13830:Physiological and physical behavior 12772:National Institute Of Mental Health 12361: 12187:Banfield-Nwachi M (28 April 2023). 12018:from the original on 5 January 2015 7726: 7339:Schirmbeck F, Zink M (March 2012). 6729: 6617:Geller DA, March J (January 2012). 5657:Ruiz P, Sadock B, Sadock V (2017). 5025:Williams MT, Farris SG (May 2011). 4914: 4594: 3962: 3802: 3357: 3121:The New England Journal of Medicine 2633:The Life and Slimes of Marc Summers 2623:(2002–2009), the titular character 2541:In a documentary released in 2023, 2334:, named Mrs. Davie, described by a 1511: 1126: 24: 13776:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures 13170:Emotional and behavioral disorders 12012:American Psychological Association 11955: 11428:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 11170:from the original on 10 July 2009. 10985:The American Journal of Psychiatry 10361:The American Journal of Psychiatry 9922:The American Journal of Psychiatry 9897:The Behavior Analyst Today, 4 (1), 9716:Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 9681:Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 8512:10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00046-X 8191:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 5827: 5724: 5682:O'Dwyer AM, Marks I (March 2000). 5564: 5526: 5397:from the original on 21 April 2009 5084:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 4441:The American Journal of Psychiatry 4391:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 4341:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 4058:Decloedt EH, Stein DJ (May 2010). 3996: 3885: 3773: 3430: 3247: 2954:U.S. National Institutes of Health 2627:fears both human contact and dirt. 2028:American Psychological Association 1575: 1160:components of OCD causation, with 25: 15535: 15451:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 15336:Narcissistic personality disorder 14999:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants 14649:Acceptance and commitment therapy 14310:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor 13956:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder 12760:to help reach a consensus. › 12739: 12314:"Felix Unger from The Odd Couple" 11091:Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 10842:from the original on 16 June 2015 10201: 9265:Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 9029:Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 8858:The British Journal of Psychiatry 8780:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.70 8639:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.07.001 8549:The British Journal of Psychiatry 5211:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 4796:. New York: Dutton. p. xiv. 4564:Archives of Scientific Psychology 4403:10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.1/jfleckman 3749:10.2174/1570159X16666180620155941 3685:from the original on 12 May 2014. 3315: 3283: 2962:from the original on 23 July 2016 2047:Transcranial magnetic stimulation 2022:when used in addition to an SSRI/ 1919:body-focused repetitive behaviors 1866:Acceptance and commitment therapy 1475:People with OCD evince increased 1243:The relationship between OCD and 1135:The diagnostic criteria include: 782:body-focused repetitive behaviors 430:acceptance and commitment therapy 15414:Mobile phones and driving safety 15372:2021 Facebook company files leak 14658:Exposure and response prevention 13256:X-linked intellectual disability 12777:American Psychiatric Association 12676: 12526: 12500: 12474: 12417: 12386: 12355: 12306: 12246: 12199: 12180: 12154: 12126: 12106: 12088: 12030: 11999: 11980: 11949: 11898: 11841: 11792: 11762: 11723:. Littleton, MA: PSG Publishing. 11694: 11589: 11562: 11537: 11515: 11464: 11440:10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.4/bboileau 11415: 11372: 11298:. Philadelphia: Brunner / Mazel. 11287: 11193: 11174: 11147: 11096: 11089:Barlow, D. H. and V. M. Durand. 11039: 11004: 10929: 10886: 10854: 10822: 10771: 10753: 10704: 10521: 10478: 10429: 10380: 10307:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 10294: 10285: 10276: 10266: 10221: 10195: 10156: 10117: 10061: 10004: 9949: 9835: 9784: 9634: 9585: 9542: 9469: 9434: 9370: 9355: 9331:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.09.006 9252: 9217: 9192: 9167: 9116: 9067: 8970: 8935: 8886: 8802: 8705: 8661: 8618: 8577: 8536: 8203:10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.4/bboileau 8031: 7953: 7910: 7866: 7812: 7763: 7720: 7676: 7590: 7541: 7381: 7332: 7298:European Neuropsychopharmacology 7289: 7238: 7197: 7148: 7097: 7044: 7028:. International OCD Foundation. 6511:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01875.x 3871:American Psychiatric Association 3530:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20.4.390 3438:"What are compulsions? | OCD-UK" 2771: 2751: 2582:The play and film adaptations of 2440: 2422:developed in the 1970s, such as 2387:exposure and response prevention 2308:Sustenance of the Body and Soul, 2008:, and insufficient evidence for 1911:American Psychiatric Association 1831:exposure and response prevention 1458:cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical 1304:Group A streptococcal infections 1187:in unrelated families with OCD. 931: 915:This section is an excerpt from 629:Some people with OCD experience 426:exposure and response prevention 371:body-focused repetitive behavior 15183:Computer-mediated communication 14924: 13085:Intermittent explosive disorder 13010:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation 12793:. University of Chicago Press. 12393:Stewart S (16 September 2007). 12037:Dittmann M (July–August 2005). 12006:Dittmann M (July–August 2005). 9319:Pharmacology & Therapeutics 9238:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14.1.88 8504:Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders 8424:Development and Psychopathology 8106:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.001 6783: 6694: 6651: 6564: 6490: 6447: 6398: 6315: 6264: 6220: 6142: 6107: 6064: 5943: 5908: 5873: 5805: 5762: 5621: 5602: 5473: 5448: 5409: 5383: 5334: 5285: 5264: 5237:Issues in Mental Health Nursing 5227: 5196: 5157: 5124: 5100:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/dmurphy 5071: 4939: 4843: 4781: 4658: 4623: 4551: 4516: 4427: 4288: 4271:"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder" 4263: 4237: 4186: 4145: 4102: 3913: 3859: 3834: 3817:"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" 3724: 3689: 3554: 3505: 3379: 3351: 2533:In 2022 the president of Chile 2488:American aviator and filmmaker 2273:records an instance of a young 2127: 1627:antagonizing dopamine receptors 1617:A complex relationship between 1355: 1266:Brain structure and functioning 1219:single-nucleotide polymorphisms 811:Insight and overvalued ideation 768:Individuals with OCD often use 546:(ASD) than adults without OCD. 420:. Psychotherapies derived from 13728:Dissociative identity disorder 12993:Adult personality and behavior 12368:Royal College of Psychiatrists 11801:Behaviour Research and Therapy 11668:Journal of Affective Disorders 10946:10.1002/14651858.CD008141.pub2 9962:Journal of Affective Disorders 9598:Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 9443:Archives of General Psychiatry 8768:Archives of General Psychiatry 8301:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.013 8142:Paediatrics & Child Health 7251:Indian Journal of Pharmacology 6934:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377 6573:American Journal of Psychiatry 5917:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5882:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5851:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.001 5821:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5771:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5736:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5576:Journal of Affective Disorders 5166:Behaviour Research and Therapy 5047:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.019 4946:Hammond WA, Morton WJ (1879). 4888:Journal of Clinical Psychology 4490:Archives of General Psychiatry 4454:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020320 4199:Journal of Affective Disorders 3982:10.1002/14651858.CD005333.pub2 3698:Journal of Affective Disorders 2687:The naturally occurring sugar 2636:(2016), a stage adaptation of 1558:ventromedial prefrontal cortex 1375:dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 1328: 682: 610:. Another common obsession is 608:inanimate objects are ensouled 302:(OCPD) are usually considered 27:Mental and behavioral disorder 13: 1: 15509:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 15282:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 14246:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 12763:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 12745: 11600:. Classics Club. p. 375. 11569:Friedrich P (29 April 2016). 11025:10.12968/hmed.2006.67.2.20466 10454:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30280-2 10405:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30069-4 9610:10.1080/13218719.2020.1745497 9551:Current Opinion in Psychiatry 8374:Current Opinion in Pediatrics 8239:Current Opinion in Pediatrics 7428:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60240-3 7310:10.1016/s0924-977x(00)00096-1 6128:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.016 5929:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00191-0 5748:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00016-X 4537:10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30205-3 2902: 2887:Obsessive–compulsive spectrum 2338:as "a good wife", was nearly 2144:disability-adjusted life year 2081:humanitarian device exemption 2037: 1936: 1801: 1742:obsessive–compulsive spectrum 1344: 1297: 1117:adverse childhood experiences 1042:is a possible feature (ADHD, 723:obsessive–compulsive spectrum 553: 214:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 51:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 18:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 15439:Social aspects of television 15277:Generalized anxiety disorder 15137:Problematic social media use 14654:Cognitive behavioral therapy 14564:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 14132:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia 13669:Generalized anxiety disorder 13402:Neurological and symptomatic 13047:Sexual relationship disorder 12507:Mangan L (30 January 2019). 12224:10.1080/01639625.2013.872526 12064:Chosak A (12 October 2012). 11962:International OCD Foundation 11813:10.1016/0005-7967(66)90023-4 11748:10.1016/0010-440x(89)90052-7 11703:Masālih al-Abdān Wa-al-Anfus 11477:Indian Journal of Psychiatry 11248:10.1080/15374416.2013.804386 10546:10.1080/16506073.2012.751124 9563:10.1097/yco.0b013e32833f3b58 8823:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.016 8683:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.08.001 8386:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32831db2c4 8251:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000546 7566:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.05.001 7519:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101386 6672:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02752-1 6585:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1919 6336:10.1016/0887-6185(89)90020-0 6324:Journal of Anxiety Disorders 6116:Journal of Anxiety Disorders 6073:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 5894:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90132-5 5783:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90132-5 4850:Deacon B, Nelson EA (2008). 3467:Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2835:International OCD Foundation 2570:Art, entertainment and media 2304:cognitive behavioral therapy 2111: 2092:cognitive–behavioral therapy 2077:Food and Drug Administration 1807:Cognitive behavioral therapy 1685: 1245:Catechol-O-methyltransferase 1179:has been found in the human 1099:generalized anxiety disorder 1013:delayed sleep phase disorder 966:generalized anxiety disorder 868:and to a lesser extent with 778:cognitive behavioral therapy 422:cognitive behavioral therapy 355:generalized anxiety disorder 7: 15110:Internet addiction disorder 13908:REM sleep behavior disorder 13377:Seasonal affective disorder 13175:Separation anxiety disorder 12683:Ranjan S, Gautam A (2023). 12547:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.011 12481:Flood A (14 October 2017). 12331:Berman N (5 October 2012). 12133:Goldman A (21 April 2014). 11471:Thamby A, Khanna S (2019). 10534:Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 10181:10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.12.007 9935:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1204 9655:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100709 8481:10.12968/hmed.2011.72.2.100 7978:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.008 7741:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.12.024 6922:Annual Review of Psychology 6163:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.01.002 5494:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.04.007 5456:"Understanding CBT for OCD" 4767:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.05.003 3461:Thamby A, Khanna S (2019). 2840: 2762: 2682: 2463:British poet, essayist and 2448:(1628–1688), the author of 2098: 1206:S allele, but found the LS 1151: 231:in which an individual has 93:certain thoughts repeatedly 89:certain routines repeatedly 10: 15540: 15198:Human–computer interaction 15125:Problematic smartphone use 14175:Symptoms and uncategorized 13276:developmental disabilities 13042:Sexual maturation disorder 12702:10.3389/fnins.2023.1159806 11924:10.1007/s11920-021-01284-2 11911:Current Psychiatry Reports 11338:Clinical Psychology Review 11202:The Behavior Analyst Today 11061:10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.010 10895:Current Psychiatry Reports 10590:10.3310/nihrevidence_53342 10142:10.1016/j.beth.2005.02.001 9728:10.1891/jcop.17.1.23.58270 9693:10.1891/088983907781494573 9592:Freckelton I (June 2020). 9490:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 9366:. Oxford University Press. 9023:Wood J, Ahmari SE (2015). 8944:Clinical Psychology Review 8351:10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.011 7357:10.2174/157015912799362724 7173:10.1136/gpsych-2021-100741 6899:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.12.002 6703:Clinical Psychology Review 6636:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.019 6290:10.1038/s41398-023-02433-2 5359:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.014 5182:10.1016/j.brat.2007.11.001 4949:Neurological contributions 4817:Mash EJ, Wolfe DA (2005). 4720:Clinical Psychology Review 4632:Clinical Psychology Review 3627:10.1007/s11126-020-09769-8 3518:Journal of Neuropsychiatry 3063:Clinical Psychology Review 2755: 2501:English singer-songwriter 2349:arose as a translation of 2234: 2131: 1816: 1450:posterior cingulate cortex 1403:posterior cingulate cortex 1348: 1252:evolutionary psychologists 1250:It has been postulated by 1108: 914: 907: 686: 563: 557: 526:While OCD is considered a 31: 15344: 15262: 15155: 15095: 15012: 14934: 14853:Primarily Obsessional OCD 14818: 14756: 14727: 14695: 14688: 14681: 14641: 14620: 14598: 14582:Tricyclic antidepressants 14580: 14562: 14498: 14392: 14318: 14273: 14252: 14180: 14169: 14145: 14137:Simple-type schizophrenia 14114: 14106:Schizophreniform disorder 14083: 14062: 14058: 14037: 13990: 13972: 13941: 13918: 13872: 13839: 13835: 13824: 13746: 13713: 13661: 13604: 13595: 13576: 13572: 13551: 13517: 13484:Mild cognitive impairment 13469:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 13449: 13411: 13407: 13396: 13367:Major depressive disorder 13320: 13306: 13272:Psychological development 13271: 13246: 13143: 13139: 13126: 13055: 13002: 12998: 12987: 12907: 12811: 12689:Frontiers in Neuroscience 12652:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.007 12590:10.1517/13543784.12.6.993 11993:www.psychologistworld.com 11987:Waude A (29 March 2016). 11680:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.003 11598:Selected Lives and Essays 11393:10.1007/s40263-013-0056-z 11350:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.004 11154:Barlas S (8 April 2009). 11122:10.1186/s12888-018-1771-2 10907:10.1007/s11920-017-0847-x 10797:10.1017/S1461145711001829 10729:10.1002/14651858.CD007954 10086:10.1017/S1092852920001947 9974:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.019 8991:10.1016/j.psc.2014.05.004 8956:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.010 8871:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055046 8730:10.1007/s12402-014-0146-x 8562:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137018 8436:10.1017/S0954579408000606 8067:"How SSRIs work | OCD-UK" 7345:Current Neuropharmacology 7223:10.1017/S1461145704004456 7123:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.612586 6968:17 September 2012 at the 6758:10.1186/s12888-020-2457-0 6715:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002 6242:10.1007/s10578-012-0315-0 6007:10.1017/S0033291713001803 5964:10.1007/s11065-017-9358-0 5588:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.051 5250:10.3109/01612849409074930 4819:Abnormal child psychology 4732:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.09.005 4683:10.1007/s10803-009-0922-1 4644:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.003 4212:10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.048 3938:10.1016/j.psc.2014.05.006 3737:Current Neuropharmacology 3710:10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.001 3667:American Family Physician 3579:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.002 3268:World Health Organization 3233:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.004 3182:10.1186/s12888-014-0317-5 3079:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002 2882:Major depressive disorder 2617:In the television series 2244:ancient Greek philosopher 2043:Electroconvulsive therapy 1990:tricyclic antidepressants 1462:anterior cingulate cortex 1419:anterior cingulate cortex 1194:found that while neither 1104: 1075:major depressive disorder 958:major depressive disorder 359:major depressive disorder 333:to be affected than both 311:anterior cingulate cortex 203: 185: 168:major depressive disorder 160: 150: 126: 118: 98: 81: 69: 64: 55: 50: 15466:Suicide and the Internet 15456:Social media and suicide 15203:Media naturalness theory 14185:Impulse-control disorder 14101:Schizoaffective disorder 14096:Brief reactive psychosis 13793:Mass psychogenic illness 13756:Body dysmorphic disorder 13535:Post-concussion syndrome 13145:Emotional and behavioral 12758:templates for discussion 12455:Gioia M (6 April 2016). 11736:Comprehensive Psychiatry 10630:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00717 9478:Psychological Assessment 9383:Translational Psychiatry 9278:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00171 9142:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01798 9042:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00171 8289:Psychoneuroendocrinology 7264:10.4103/0253-7613.100406 7072:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00070 6996:10.1177/0145445505279261 6550:10.1001/jama.292.16.1969 6468:10.3810/pgm.2012.01.2528 6277:Translational Psychiatry 4171:10.1136/jnnp-2021-328738 2857:Body dysmorphic disorder 2659:Turtles All the Way Down 2646:Turtles All the Way Down 1811:psychotropic medications 1442:medial prefrontal cortex 1407:superior parietal lobule 1387:globus pallidus externus 1156:There appear to be some 994:body dysmorphic disorder 986:transformation obsession 544:autism spectrum disorder 347:streptococcal infections 15287:Social anxiety disorder 15120:Online problem gambling 15030:Atypical antipsychotics 14868:Social anxiety disorder 14736:Everything in Its Place 14664:Inference-based therapy 14600:Atypical antipsychotics 14122:Childhood schizophrenia 13474:Frontotemporal dementia 13431:High-functioning autism 13248:Intellectual disability 10617:Frontiers in Psychiatry 9129:Frontiers in Psychology 8899:Neuropsychopharmacology 7960:Bracha HS (July 2006). 7110:Frontiers in Psychiatry 7058:Frontiers in Psychiatry 5434:10.1348/014466502163769 5209:. Baltimore, Maryland: 4968:"Thinking Bad Thoughts" 3358:CDC (2 December 2020). 2413:reported that the drug 2292:technique now known as 2269:In the 7th century AD, 2069:vagus nerve stimulation 1923:habit-reversal training 1880:Inference-based therapy 1432:, ACC, and head of the 1091:social anxiety disorder 1054:; this has been termed 1046:, bodily disorders, or 974:social anxiety disorder 798:habit reversal training 434:inference based-therapy 15444:Television consumption 15399:Evolution of cognition 15324:Body image disturbance 15265:psychiatric conditions 15193:Engineering psychology 15115:Internet sex addiction 15096:Proposed or recognised 15020:Typical antipsychotics 14633:Deep brain stimulation 14464:Experiential avoidance 13639:Specific social phobia 13530:Organic brain syndrome 13372:Melancholic depression 13133:Childhood and learning 10499:10.1001/jama.2017.2200 10442:The Lancet. Psychiatry 10393:The Lancet. Psychiatry 10017:Depression and Anxiety 6887:Sleep Medicine Reviews 6411:Depression and Anxiety 6195:10.3390/ijerph15040668 5995:Psychological Medicine 5952:Neuropsychology Review 5661:(10th ed.). LWW. 5298:Depression and Anxiety 4872:10.14713/pcsp.v4i2.932 4123:10.1001/jama.2017.2200 3392:Depression and Anxiety 2664:The British TV series 2566: 2451:The Pilgrim's Progress 2409:In 1967, psychiatrist 2284:The Cloud of Unknowing 2227: 2086:In the United States, 2065:Deep brain stimulation 1946: 1913:(APA) noted a lack of 1826: 1768:Differential diagnosis 1366: 1065:OCD frequently occurs 701: 592:relationship rightness 583: 516:spatial working memory 514:(washing subtype) and 471:deep brain stimulation 466:atypical antipsychotic 424:(CBT) models, such as 416:or, in extreme cases, 414:deep brain stimulation 162:Differential diagnosis 36:. For other uses, see 15488:Texting while driving 15419:Promotion of anorexia 15404:Evolutionary mismatch 15367:Criticism of Facebook 15098:diagnostic categories 14669:Metacognitive therapy 14195:Psychomotor agitation 13985:and substance-related 13928:Postpartum depression 13808:Somatization disorder 13694:Acute stress reaction 13459:AIDS dementia complex 12043:Monitor on Psychology 10208:contextualscience.org 9906:23 March 2010 at the 7888:10.1038/sj.mp.4001951 7654:10.1038/sj.mp.4001365 6984:Behavior Modification 6456:Postgraduate Medicine 5701:10.1192/bjp.176.3.281 3615:Psychiatric Quarterly 3133:10.1056/NEJMcp1402176 2556: 2141: 2132:Further information: 1944: 1892:inferential confusion 1824: 1680:N-Acetylaspartic acid 1633:, through inhibiting 1595:serotonin transporter 1506:fractional anisotropy 1504:volume and decreased 1479:volumes in bilateral 1363: 1048:stereotyped behaviors 952:Associated conditions 855:Cognitive performance 751:stereotyped movements 699:skin-picking disorder 696: 622:of contamination and 573: 262:, the fear of acting 15357:Behavioral modernity 15352:Behavioral addiction 15178:Cognitive ergonomics 15163:Digital anthropology 15156:Disciplines involved 15147:Video game addiction 15142:Television addiction 14843:Obsessional jealousy 14300:Orbitofrontal cortex 14190:Klüver–Bucy syndrome 14020:Substance dependence 13933:Postpartum psychosis 13479:Huntington's disease 13261:Lujan–Fryns syndrome 13110:Personality disorder 12790:Obsession: A History 12278:Goldberg FR (2007). 11279:Rapoport JE (1989). 11186:25 July 2008 at the 7931:10.1002/ajmg.b.20013 7876:Molecular Psychiatry 7834:10.1002/ajmg.b.32137 7776:Molecular Psychiatry 7698:10.1002/ajmg.b.30699 7642:Molecular Psychiatry 7480:10.1093/brain/awm205 7473:(Pt 12): 3223–3236. 6373:10.4137/JCNSD.S38359 5092:Taylor & Francis 4353:10.4088/JCP.19r13085 4012:Molecular Psychiatry 3788:. pp. 166–187. 2795:improve this section 2411:Juan José López-Ibor 2347:obsessive–compulsive 2336:justice of the peace 1643:dopamine transporter 1371:orbitofrontal cortex 910:Video game addiction 904:Video game addiction 890:cognitive inhibition 697:A person exhibiting 383:obsessive–compulsive 325:. The presence of a 315:orbitofrontal cortex 38:OCD (disambiguation) 15409:Fear of missing out 14833:Illusion of control 14460:Thought suppression 14070:Delusional disorder 14015:Stimulant psychosis 14005:Physical dependence 13859:Rumination syndrome 13761:Conversion disorder 13738:Psychogenic amnesia 13588:with depressed mood 13586:Adjustment disorder 13489:Parkinson's disease 13464:Alzheimer's disease 13357:Atypical depression 13193:Social functioning 13068:Munchausen syndrome 13063:Factitious disorder 12436:on 17 December 2008 12374:on 22 February 2015 12122:. 24 February 2020. 10874:on 19 February 2015 8671:European Psychiatry 8627:Psychiatry Research 6809:10.1155/2015/186927 6660:Psychiatry Research 5839:Psychiatry Research 5031:Psychiatry Research 4980:on 15 November 2011 4823:Belmont, California 2872:Delusional disorder 2709:inhibitors such as 2549:Society and culture 2396:fear extinguishment 2340:burned at the stake 1882:(IBT) is a form of 922:In April 2018, the 826:psychotic disorders 689:Compulsive behavior 676:compulsive hoarding 512:pattern recognition 412:procedures such as 15105:Computer addiction 14858:Questionable cause 14765:As Good as It Gets 14089:schizophrenia-like 13733:Dissociative fugue 13182:Movement disorders 12908:External resources 12399:The New York Times 11422:Boileau B (2011). 9395:10.1038/tp.2012.78 8911:10.1038/npp.2014.5 8185:Boileau B (2011). 8154:10.1093/pch/pxy145 8019:. 16 February 2021 7788:10.1038/mp.2012.85 7161:General Psychiatry 6796:Psychiatry Journal 4900:10.1002/jclp.20404 4577:10.1037/arc0000022 4251:. 15 February 2023 4024:10.1038/mp.2009.50 3303:. 16 February 2021 2862:Compulsive hoarder 2697:agonists, such as 2594:As Good as It Gets 2567: 2300:Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi 2294:emotional flooding 2228: 1947: 1915:controlled studies 1827: 1587:Serotonin receptor 1498:anterior cingulate 1489:anterior cingulate 1367: 1225:, and two SNPs in 1123:-inducing events. 878:executive function 862:cognitive deficits 759:antibacterial soap 702: 664:sexual orientation 584: 532:neuropsychological 489:Signs and symptoms 268:sexual orientation 233:intrusive thoughts 166:Anxiety disorder, 15514:Anxiety disorders 15496: 15495: 15168:Digital sociology 15055: 15054: 14928:pharmacotherapies 14891: 14890: 14878:Tourette syndrome 14814: 14813: 14752: 14751: 14677: 14676: 14616: 14615: 14388: 14387: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14165: 14164: 14161: 14160: 14033: 14032: 13968: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13815: 13709: 13708: 13547: 13546: 13543: 13542: 13504:Vascular dementia 13426:Asperger syndrome 13392: 13391: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13236:Tourette syndrome 13122: 13121: 13118: 13117: 12942: 12941: 12800:978-0-226-13782-7 12787:Davis LJ (2008). 12119:Independent.co.uk 12102:. 31 August 2020. 11863:978-0-440-50847-2 11848:Osborn I (1999). 11785:978-0-393-00143-3 11649:978-0-440-50847-2 11636:Osborn I (1998). 11596:Plutarch (1951). 11582:978-1-137-42733-5 11555:978-0-19-005869-2 11311:Pediatric Nursing 11294:Adams PL (1973). 11160:Psychiatric Times 10767:on 13 April 2013. 10680:10.1002/wps.20881 10493:(13): 1358–1367. 10368:(7 Suppl): 5–53. 10320:10.1159/000524425 10239:978-1-60918-962-4 9449:(11): 1006–1011. 9210:978-0-12-374634-4 9185:978-0-7817-2837-9 9174:Davis KL (2002). 9093:10.1111/pcn.12195 8521:978-0-444-52014-2 7611:10.1002/eat.23196 7422:(9688): 491–499. 7395:. 2 February 2022 6579:(11): 1919–1928. 6544:(16): 1969–1976. 5668:978-1-4511-0047-1 5353:(12): 1308–1316. 5220:978-0-397-55178-1 4836:978-1-305-10542-3 4827:Thomson Wadsworth 4803:978-0-525-94562-8 4448:(12): 1532–1542. 4164:(11): 1166–1173. 4117:(13): 1358–1367. 4077:10.2147/NDT.S3149 3795:978-0-415-32382-6 3044:978-0-89042-555-8 2831: 2830: 2823: 2630:The one-man show 2435:COVID-19 pandemic 2354:Zwangsvorstellung 2345:The English term 2142:Age-standardized 2032:dextroamphetamine 1929:are recommended. 1884:cognitive therapy 1665:neurotransmission 1660:Abnormalities in 1655:nucleus accumbens 1631:prefrontal cortex 1581:hyperactivity of 1570:nucleus accumbens 1481:lenticular nuclei 1466:prefrontal cortex 1192:systematic review 1183:transporter gene 1017:sleep disturbance 982:Tourette syndrome 631:sexual obsessions 620:pathological fear 560:Intrusive thought 266:, the sufferer's 258:, obsession with 211: 210: 152:Diagnostic method 45:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 15531: 15519:Magical thinking 15319:Anorexia nervosa 15304:Bipolar disorder 15272:Anxiety disorder 15082: 15075: 15068: 15059: 15058: 15000: 14996: 14985: 14981: 14950: 14946: 14927: 14918: 14911: 14904: 14895: 14894: 14693: 14692: 14686: 14685: 14512: 14511: 14503: 14502: 14305:Cingulate cortex 14280: 14279: 14239: 14232: 14225: 14216: 14215: 14171: 14170: 14060: 14059: 14039: 14038: 13974: 13973: 13849:Anorexia nervosa 13837: 13836: 13826: 13825: 13803:Psychogenic pain 13771:Globus pharyngis 13619:Childhood phobia 13602: 13601: 13574: 13573: 13553: 13552: 13409: 13408: 13398: 13397: 13308: 13307: 13207:Selective mutism 13158:Conduct disorder 13141: 13140: 13128: 13127: 13105:Trichotillomania 13080:Gender dysphoria 13075:Fear of intimacy 13032:Sexual anhedonia 13000: 12999: 12989: 12988: 12976:Mental disorders 12969: 12962: 12955: 12946: 12945: 12809: 12808: 12804: 12733: 12732: 12722: 12704: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12663: 12631: 12625: 12624: 12616: 12610: 12609: 12573: 12567: 12566: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12493: 12478: 12472: 12471: 12469: 12467: 12452: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12441: 12432:. Archived from 12421: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12390: 12384: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12370:. Archived from 12359: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12293: 12286: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12264: 12250: 12244: 12243: 12212:Deviant Behavior 12203: 12197: 12196: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12171: 12169: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12147: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12110: 12104: 12103: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12025: 12023: 12003: 11997: 11996: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11964:. Archived from 11953: 11947: 11946: 11936: 11926: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11877: 11868: 11867: 11845: 11839: 11838: 11831: 11825: 11824: 11796: 11790: 11789: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11731: 11725: 11724: 11716: 11707: 11706: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11663: 11654: 11653: 11633: 11602: 11601: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11541: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11519: 11513: 11512: 11502: 11492: 11483:(7): S114–S118. 11468: 11462: 11461: 11451: 11419: 11413: 11412: 11376: 11370: 11369: 11344:(8): 1011–1030. 11333: 11327: 11326: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11291: 11285: 11284: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11259: 11227: 11218: 11217: 11214:10.1037/h0100155 11197: 11191: 11178: 11172: 11171: 11151: 11145: 11144: 11134: 11124: 11100: 11094: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10981: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10940:(12): CD008141. 10933: 10927: 10926: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10867:. Archived from 10866: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10841: 10834: 10826: 10820: 10819: 10809: 10799: 10790:(8): 1173–1191. 10775: 10769: 10768: 10763:. Archived from 10757: 10751: 10750: 10740: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10691: 10668:World Psychiatry 10659: 10653: 10652: 10642: 10632: 10608: 10602: 10601: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10557: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10465: 10433: 10427: 10426: 10416: 10384: 10378: 10377: 10355: 10349: 10348: 10322: 10298: 10292: 10289: 10283: 10280: 10274: 10270: 10264: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10225: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10130:Behavior Therapy 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10097: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10032: 10030:10.1002/da.23000 10008: 10002: 10001: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9929:(8): 1204–1211. 9916: 9910: 9893: 9884: 9883: 9873: 9863: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9822: 9812: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9761: 9752: 9749: 9740: 9739: 9711: 9705: 9704: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9621: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9529:Cleveland Clinic 9521: 9510: 9509: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9417: 9416: 9406: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9359: 9353: 9352: 9342: 9310: 9301: 9300: 9290: 9280: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9154: 9144: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9095: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9054: 9044: 9020: 9011: 9010: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8922: 8905:(7): 1547–1557. 8890: 8884: 8883: 8873: 8849: 8843: 8842: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8763: 8752: 8751: 8741: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8605: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8564: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8499: 8493: 8492: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8447: 8430:(4): 1251–1283. 8415: 8409: 8408: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8334: 8321: 8320: 8284: 8271: 8270: 8234: 8225: 8224: 8214: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8165: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8108: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8063: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8009: 8000: 7999: 7989: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7845: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7799: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7577: 7554:Eating Behaviors 7545: 7539: 7538: 7507:Eating Behaviors 7502: 7493: 7492: 7482: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7368: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7266: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7225: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7184: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7135: 7125: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7084: 7074: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7022: 7016: 7015: 6979: 6973: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6882: 6873: 6872: 6862: 6847:World Psychiatry 6838: 6832: 6831: 6821: 6811: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6770: 6760: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6638: 6614: 6605: 6604: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6532: 6523: 6522: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6434: 6423:10.1002/da.22389 6402: 6396: 6395: 6385: 6375: 6351: 6340: 6339: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6302: 6292: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6207: 6197: 6188:(4). MDPI: 668. 6173: 6167: 6166: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6001:(6): 1121–1130. 5990: 5984: 5983: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5818: 5812:Veale D (2002). 5809: 5803: 5802: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5703: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5550:10.1037/h0100282 5533: 5524: 5523: 5505: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5370: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5313: 5311:10.1002/da.20304 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5203:Boyd MA (2007). 5200: 5194: 5193: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5138: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5058: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4966:Osgood-Hynes D. 4963: 4954: 4953: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4926:Cleveland Clinic 4918: 4912: 4911: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4856: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4821:(3rd ed.). 4814: 4808: 4807: 4795: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4694: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4579: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4485: 4476: 4475: 4465: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4414: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4336: 4327: 4326: 4316: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4224: 4214: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4173: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4089: 4079: 4055: 4046: 4045: 4035: 4003: 3994: 3993: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3949: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3760: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3658: 3647: 3646: 3610: 3601: 3600: 3590: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3541: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3492: 3482: 3473:(7): S114–S118. 3458: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3417: 3407: 3405:10.1002/da.20820 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3328: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3216: 3205: 3204: 3194: 3184: 3160: 3145: 3144: 3116: 3099: 3098: 3058: 3049: 3048: 3025: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2944: 2897:Trichotillomania 2852:Bipolar disorder 2847:Anxiety Disorder 2826: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2775: 2767: 2738:N-acetylcysteine 2563:trichotillomania 2264:crown of flowers 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2061:cingulate cortex 1974: 1750:trichotillomania 1554:ventral striatum 1512:Cognitive models 1500:gyri. Increased 1470:bipolar disorder 1413:and head of the 1381:, left superior 1339:childhood trauma 1288:neurotransmitter 1166:matched controls 1127:Drug-induced OCD 1071:bipolar disorder 998:trichotillomania 970:anorexia nervosa 962:bipolar disorder 888:, and motor and 882:processing speed 845:idealized values 833:overvalued ideas 788:(hair pulling), 786:trichotillomania 770:rationalizations 530:disorder from a 363:eating disorders 172:eating disorders 145:childhood trauma 109:anxiety disorder 60: 48: 47: 21: 15539: 15538: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15530: 15529: 15528: 15499: 15498: 15497: 15492: 15340: 15314:Eating disorder 15264: 15258: 15208:Neuroergonomics 15188:Cyberpsychology 15151: 15097: 15091: 15086: 15056: 15051: 15008: 14998: 14983: 14948: 14936:Antidepressants 14930: 14922: 14892: 14887: 14828:Guilt (emotion) 14810: 14748: 14723: 14682:Popular culture 14673: 14637: 14612: 14594: 14576: 14558: 14494: 14384: 14375: 14367: 14359: 14346: 14338: 14329: 14314: 14269: 14248: 14243: 14213: 14204: 14176: 14157: 14141: 14110: 14088: 14079: 14054: 14029: 13986: 13983:substance abuse 13960: 13937: 13914: 13868: 13854:Bulimia nervosa 13831: 13812: 13788:Hypochondriasis 13783:False pregnancy 13766:Ganser syndrome 13748:Somatic symptom 13742: 13705: 13657: 13646:Specific phobia 13591: 13568: 13539: 13513: 13445: 13441:Savant syndrome 13413:Autism spectrum 13403: 13388: 13316: 13294: 13273: 13267: 13242: 13135: 13114: 13090:Dermatillomania 13051: 13037:Sexual anorexia 12994: 12983: 12973: 12943: 12938: 12937: 12903: 12902: 12820: 12801: 12761: 12742: 12737: 12736: 12681: 12677: 12632: 12628: 12617: 12613: 12584:(6): 993–1001. 12574: 12570: 12531: 12527: 12517: 12515: 12505: 12501: 12491: 12489: 12479: 12475: 12465: 12463: 12453: 12449: 12439: 12437: 12422: 12418: 12408: 12406: 12391: 12387: 12377: 12375: 12360: 12356: 12346: 12344: 12329: 12325: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12297: 12295: 12291: 12284: 12276: 12272: 12262: 12260: 12252: 12251: 12247: 12204: 12200: 12185: 12181: 12167: 12165: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12145: 12143: 12131: 12127: 12112: 12111: 12107: 12094: 12093: 12089: 12079: 12077: 12062: 12058: 12035: 12031: 12021: 12019: 12004: 12000: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11968:on 18 June 2005 11954: 11950: 11903: 11899: 11889: 11887: 11879: 11878: 11871: 11864: 11854:Dell Publishing 11846: 11842: 11833: 11832: 11828: 11797: 11793: 11786: 11767: 11763: 11732: 11728: 11717: 11710: 11699: 11695: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11634: 11605: 11594: 11590: 11583: 11567: 11563: 11556: 11542: 11538: 11528: 11526: 11521: 11520: 11516: 11469: 11465: 11420: 11416: 11377: 11373: 11334: 11330: 11307: 11303: 11292: 11288: 11277: 11273: 11228: 11221: 11198: 11194: 11188:Wayback Machine 11179: 11175: 11152: 11148: 11101: 11097: 11088: 11084: 11055:(10): 947–960. 11044: 11040: 11009: 11005: 10979: 10973: 10969: 10934: 10930: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10864: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10823: 10776: 10772: 10759: 10758: 10754: 10723:(3): CD007954. 10709: 10705: 10660: 10656: 10609: 10605: 10576: 10575: 10571: 10526: 10522: 10483: 10479: 10434: 10430: 10385: 10381: 10356: 10352: 10299: 10295: 10290: 10286: 10281: 10277: 10271: 10267: 10262: 10255: 10240: 10226: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10200: 10196: 10161: 10157: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10066: 10062: 10009: 10005: 9954: 9950: 9917: 9913: 9908:Wayback Machine 9894: 9887: 9840: 9836: 9789: 9785: 9775: 9773: 9762: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9712: 9708: 9677: 9670: 9639: 9635: 9590: 9586: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9523: 9522: 9513: 9474: 9470: 9439: 9435: 9427: 9420: 9375: 9371: 9360: 9356: 9311: 9304: 9257: 9253: 9222: 9218: 9211: 9197: 9193: 9186: 9172: 9168: 9121: 9117: 9072: 9068: 9021: 9014: 8975: 8971: 8940: 8936: 8891: 8887: 8850: 8846: 8807: 8803: 8764: 8755: 8710: 8706: 8666: 8662: 8623: 8619: 8582: 8578: 8541: 8537: 8522: 8500: 8496: 8465: 8461: 8416: 8412: 8370: 8366: 8335: 8324: 8285: 8274: 8235: 8228: 8183: 8179: 8134: 8130: 8085: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8037: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8011: 8010: 8003: 7958: 7954: 7915: 7911: 7871: 7867: 7817: 7813: 7768: 7764: 7725: 7721: 7681: 7677: 7648:(11): 933–936. 7638: 7634: 7595: 7591: 7546: 7542: 7503: 7496: 7455: 7451: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7396: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7337: 7333: 7294: 7290: 7243: 7239: 7202: 7198: 7153: 7149: 7102: 7098: 7049: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7024: 7023: 7019: 6980: 6976: 6970:Wayback Machine 6961: 6957: 6918: 6914: 6883: 6876: 6839: 6835: 6788: 6784: 6737: 6730: 6699: 6695: 6656: 6652: 6615: 6608: 6569: 6565: 6533: 6526: 6495: 6491: 6452: 6448: 6403: 6399: 6352: 6343: 6320: 6316: 6269: 6265: 6225: 6221: 6174: 6170: 6147: 6143: 6112: 6108: 6085:10.1038/nrn3746 6069: 6065: 6034: 6030: 5991: 5987: 5948: 5944: 5913: 5909: 5878: 5874: 5835: 5828: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5767: 5763: 5732: 5725: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5655: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5626: 5622: 5607: 5603: 5572: 5565: 5534: 5527: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5426:Wiley-Blackwell 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5339: 5335: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5201: 5197: 5162: 5158: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5076: 5072: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4884: 4880: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4837: 4829:. p. 197. 4815: 4811: 4804: 4788:Baer L (2001). 4786: 4782: 4751: 4747: 4712: 4708: 4663: 4659: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4603: 4602: 4595: 4556: 4552: 4521: 4517: 4486: 4479: 4432: 4428: 4383: 4376: 4337: 4330: 4307:(3–4): 115–22. 4293: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4191: 4187: 4150: 4146: 4107: 4103: 4056: 4049: 4004: 3997: 3976:(2): CD005333. 3970: 3963: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3846:medlineplus.gov 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3814: 3803: 3796: 3778: 3774: 3729: 3725: 3694: 3690: 3659: 3650: 3611: 3604: 3559: 3555: 3510: 3506: 3459: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3330: 3329: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3261: 3255: 3248: 3217: 3208: 3161: 3148: 3117: 3102: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3027: 3026: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2945: 2910: 2905: 2877:Hypochondriasis 2843: 2827: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2792: 2776: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2685: 2572: 2551: 2519:American actor 2443: 2404:Stanley Rachman 2398:in animals via 2237: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2218: 112.5–120 2215: 2213: 2212: 105–112.5 2209: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2136: 2130: 2117:Quality of life 2114: 2101: 2040: 2030:suggested that 1968: 1939: 1899:Cochrane review 1819: 1804: 1776:(OCPD). OCD is 1770: 1688: 1649:binding in the 1625:, which act by 1578: 1576:Neurobiological 1514: 1415:caudate nucleus 1379:premotor cortex 1377:(dlPFC), right 1358: 1353: 1347: 1331: 1300: 1268: 1162:identical twins 1154: 1129: 1113: 1107: 1087:specific phobia 1056:tic-related OCD 990:dermatillomania 978:bulimia nervosa 954: 934: 929: 928: 920: 912: 906: 857: 813: 784:(BFRB) such as 727:memory distrust 691: 685: 668:sexual identity 568: 562: 556: 491: 406:antidepressants 402:pharmacotherapy 387:perfectionistic 335:fraternal twins 331:identical twins 122:Before 35 years 46: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15537: 15527: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15494: 15493: 15491: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15479: 15478: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15447: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15434:Binge-watching 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15394:Digital zombie 15391: 15386: 15384:Cyberpathology 15381: 15376: 15375: 15374: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15348: 15346: 15345:Related topics 15342: 15341: 15339: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15327: 15326: 15321: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15290: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15268: 15266: 15260: 15259: 15257: 15256: 15255: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15217: 15212: 15211: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15170: 15165: 15159: 15157: 15153: 15152: 15150: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15133: 15132: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15101: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15085: 15084: 15077: 15070: 15062: 15053: 15052: 15050: 15049: 15027: 15016: 15014: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15006: 14991: 14976: 14940: 14938: 14932: 14931: 14921: 14920: 14913: 14906: 14898: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14824: 14822: 14816: 14815: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14808: 14801: 14794: 14787: 14782: 14779:Matchstick Men 14775: 14768: 14760: 14758: 14754: 14753: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14746: 14739: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14721: 14714: 14707: 14704:Matchstick Men 14699: 14697: 14690: 14683: 14679: 14678: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14651: 14645: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14630: 14624: 14622: 14618: 14617: 14614: 14613: 14611: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14596: 14595: 14593: 14592: 14586: 14584: 14578: 14577: 14575: 14574: 14568: 14566: 14560: 14559: 14557: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14520: 14518: 14509: 14500: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14492: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14467: 14457: 14451: 14446: 14437: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14396: 14394: 14390: 14389: 14386: 14385: 14383: 14382: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14357: 14353: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14320: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14286: 14284: 14277: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14267: 14262: 14256: 14254: 14250: 14249: 14242: 14241: 14234: 14227: 14219: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14181: 14178: 14177: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14162: 14159: 14158: 14156: 14155: 14149: 14147: 14143: 14142: 14140: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14118: 14116: 14112: 14111: 14109: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14092: 14090: 14081: 14080: 14078: 14077: 14072: 14066: 14064: 14056: 14055: 14035: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14010:Rebound effect 14007: 14002: 13997: 13991: 13988: 13987: 13970: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13962: 13961: 13959: 13958: 13953: 13951:Hypersexuality 13947: 13945: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13935: 13930: 13924: 13922: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13890: 13885: 13879: 13877: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13845: 13843: 13833: 13832: 13822: 13821: 13818: 13817: 13814: 13813: 13811: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13779: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13758: 13752: 13750: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13719: 13717: 13711: 13710: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13686: 13684:Panic disorder 13681: 13676: 13671: 13665: 13663: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13655: 13654: 13653: 13651:Claustrophobia 13643: 13642: 13641: 13636: 13634:Anthropophobia 13626: 13624:Social anxiety 13621: 13616: 13610: 13608: 13599: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13582: 13580: 13570: 13569: 13549: 13548: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13521: 13519: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13494:Pick's disease 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13455: 13453: 13447: 13446: 13444: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13417: 13415: 13405: 13404: 13394: 13393: 13390: 13389: 13387: 13386: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13304: 13303: 13300: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13292: 13287: 13281: 13279: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13252: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13240: 13239: 13238: 13228: 13227: 13226: 13221: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13179: 13178: 13177: 13167: 13166: 13165: 13155: 13149: 13147: 13137: 13136: 13124: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13115: 13113: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13059: 13057: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13028: 13027: 13022: 13012: 13006: 13004: 12996: 12995: 12985: 12984: 12980:Classification 12972: 12971: 12964: 12957: 12949: 12940: 12939: 12936: 12935: 12933:article/287681 12924: 12912: 12911: 12909: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12900: 12889: 12878: 12867: 12852: 12837: 12821: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12812:Classification 12806: 12805: 12799: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12741: 12740:External links 12738: 12735: 12734: 12675: 12646:(4): 726–735. 12626: 12611: 12568: 12541:(4): 887–895. 12525: 12499: 12473: 12447: 12426:"What Is OCD?" 12416: 12385: 12354: 12323: 12305: 12294:on 8 July 2011 12270: 12245: 12218:(9): 669–686. 12198: 12179: 12153: 12125: 12105: 12087: 12056: 12029: 11998: 11979: 11948: 11897: 11885:ocdhistory.net 11869: 11862: 11840: 11826: 11807:(4): 273–280. 11791: 11784: 11761: 11742:(4): 283–295. 11726: 11708: 11693: 11655: 11648: 11603: 11588: 11581: 11561: 11554: 11536: 11514: 11463: 11434:(4): 401–411. 11414: 11387:(5): 367–383. 11371: 11328: 11301: 11286: 11271: 11219: 11208:(3): 335–347. 11192: 11173: 11146: 11109:BMC Psychiatry 11095: 11082: 11038: 11003: 10967: 10928: 10885: 10853: 10821: 10770: 10752: 10703: 10674:(2): 244–275. 10654: 10603: 10569: 10520: 10477: 10428: 10399:(8): 730–739. 10379: 10350: 10313:(5): 348–359. 10293: 10284: 10275: 10265: 10253: 10238: 10220: 10194: 10155: 10116: 10060: 10023:(5): 418–428. 10003: 9948: 9911: 9885: 9834: 9783: 9753: 9741: 9706: 9687:(3): 182–197. 9668: 9633: 9604:(5): 831–852. 9584: 9541: 9511: 9484:(4): 485–496. 9468: 9433: 9418: 9369: 9354: 9325:(3): 314–332. 9302: 9251: 9216: 9209: 9191: 9184: 9166: 9115: 9086:(8): 587–605. 9066: 9012: 8985:(3): 337–352. 8969: 8934: 8885: 8864:(5): 393–402. 8844: 8801: 8774:(7): 701–711. 8753: 8724:(3): 175–202. 8704: 8660: 8617: 8596:(5): 405–412. 8576: 8535: 8520: 8494: 8475:(2): 100–107. 8459: 8410: 8380:(1): 127–130. 8364: 8345:(2): 316–320. 8322: 8272: 8245:(6): 665–673. 8226: 8197:(4): 401–411. 8177: 8128: 8079: 8055: 8030: 8001: 7972:(5): 827–853. 7952: 7909: 7882:(6): 556–561. 7865: 7828:(4): 367–379. 7811: 7782:(7): 788–798. 7762: 7735:(3): 683–689. 7719: 7692:(6): 850–858. 7675: 7632: 7605:(3): 362–371. 7589: 7540: 7494: 7449: 7406: 7380: 7331: 7304:(5): 385–387. 7288: 7257:(5): 649–650. 7237: 7216:(3): 375–377. 7196: 7167:(2): e100741. 7147: 7096: 7043: 7017: 6990:(5): 784–799. 6974: 6955: 6912: 6893:(6): 465–474. 6874: 6853:(2): 108–111. 6833: 6782: 6745:BMC Psychiatry 6728: 6693: 6666:(1–2): 57–64. 6650: 6606: 6563: 6524: 6505:(5): 489–498. 6489: 6462:(1): 152–165. 6446: 6417:(8): 580–593. 6397: 6341: 6330:(4): 295–302. 6314: 6263: 6236:(1): 137–151. 6219: 6168: 6141: 6106: 6079:(6): 410–424. 6063: 6044:(4): 266–274. 6028: 5985: 5958:(1): 111–120. 5942: 5923:(9): 881–902. 5907: 5888:(3): 343–353. 5872: 5826: 5804: 5777:(3): 343–353. 5761: 5742:(4): 383–400. 5723: 5674: 5667: 5646: 5620: 5601: 5582:(3): 213–221. 5563: 5525: 5488:(2): 165–181. 5472: 5447: 5408: 5382: 5333: 5304:(9): 761–767. 5284: 5263: 5226: 5219: 5195: 5156: 5123: 5070: 5017: 4991: 4955: 4938: 4913: 4894:(10): 925–41. 4878: 4842: 4835: 4809: 4802: 4780: 4761:(4): 433–440. 4745: 4706: 4677:(5): 580–589. 4657: 4638:(3): 283–313. 4622: 4593: 4570:(1): 150–158. 4550: 4515: 4496:(4): 335–341. 4477: 4426: 4374: 4328: 4287: 4262: 4236: 4185: 4144: 4101: 4047: 4018:(8): 850–855. 3995: 3961: 3932:(3): 375–391. 3912: 3884: 3873:. October 2022 3858: 3833: 3801: 3794: 3772: 3743:(8): 681–696. 3723: 3704:(3): 300–308. 3688: 3673:(3): 239–245. 3648: 3621:(4): 965–981. 3602: 3573:(3): 319–335. 3553: 3524:(4): 390–408. 3504: 3450: 3429: 3398:(6): 495–500. 3378: 3350: 3337:psychiatry.org 3314: 3282: 3246: 3227:(3): 257–267. 3206: 3169:BMC Psychiatry 3146: 3127:(7): 646–653. 3100: 3071:Pergamon Press 3050: 3043: 2973: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2842: 2839: 2829: 2828: 2811:September 2024 2779: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2753: 2750: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2662: 2641: 2628: 2615: 2607:Matchstick Men 2602: 2599:Jack Nicholson 2597:(1997), actor 2589: 2585:The Odd Couple 2571: 2568: 2550: 2547: 2514:Greta Thunberg 2468:Samuel Johnson 2442: 2439: 2375:psychoanalysis 2236: 2233: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2206: 97.5–105 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2129: 2126: 2113: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2039: 2036: 2001:antipsychotics 1938: 1935: 1907:psychoanalysis 1903:psychodynamics 1818: 1815: 1803: 1800: 1769: 1766: 1687: 1684: 1623:antipsychotics 1577: 1574: 1513: 1510: 1494:medial frontal 1485:medial frontal 1383:temporal gyrus 1357: 1354: 1349:Main article: 1346: 1343: 1330: 1327: 1299: 1296: 1275:frontal cortex 1267: 1264: 1153: 1150: 1128: 1125: 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1097:, and 30% for 1095:panic disorder 1024:drug addiction 953: 950: 933: 930: 921: 913: 905: 902: 866:spatial memory 856: 853: 812: 809: 687:Main article: 684: 681: 558:Main article: 555: 552: 490: 487: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 187: 183: 182: 164: 158: 157: 154: 148: 147: 130: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 102: 96: 95: 85: 79: 78: 73: 67: 66: 62: 61: 53: 52: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15536: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15477: 15474: 15473: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15431: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15389:Digital detox 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15379:Cyberbullying 15377: 15373: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15349: 15347: 15343: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15316: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15261: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15234: 15233: 15230: 15226: 15223: 15222: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15175: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15154: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15128: 15127: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15094: 15090: 15083: 15078: 15076: 15071: 15069: 15064: 15063: 15060: 15047: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15028: 15025: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15011: 15004: 14997: 14992: 14989: 14982: 14977: 14974: 14970: 14966: 14962: 14958: 14954: 14947: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14937: 14933: 14929: 14919: 14914: 14912: 14907: 14905: 14900: 14899: 14896: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14825: 14823: 14821: 14817: 14807: 14806: 14802: 14799: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14780: 14776: 14774: 14773: 14769: 14767: 14766: 14762: 14761: 14759: 14755: 14745: 14744: 14743:Just Checking 14740: 14738: 14737: 14733: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14720: 14719: 14715: 14713: 14712: 14708: 14706: 14705: 14701: 14700: 14698: 14694: 14691: 14687: 14684: 14680: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14659: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14640: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14619: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14601: 14597: 14591: 14588: 14587: 14585: 14583: 14579: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14567: 14565: 14561: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14507:Serotonergics 14504: 14501: 14497: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14471: 14468: 14465: 14461: 14458: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14441: 14438: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14401: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14370: 14368: 14362: 14360: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14341: 14339: 14333: 14331: 14324: 14323: 14321: 14317: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14295: 14291: 14290:Basal ganglia 14288: 14287: 14285: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14272: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14255: 14251: 14247: 14240: 14235: 14233: 14228: 14226: 14221: 14220: 14217: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14179: 14172: 14168: 14154: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14144: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14115:Schizophrenia 14113: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14045: 14044:Schizophrenia 14040: 14036: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13995:Drug overdose 13993: 13992: 13989: 13984: 13980: 13975: 13971: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13944: 13943:Sexual desire 13940: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13925: 13923: 13921: 13917: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13895: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13876: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13827: 13823: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13763: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13745: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13716: 13712: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13660: 13652: 13649: 13648: 13647: 13644: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13630: 13629:Social phobia 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13587: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13571: 13567: 13564:-related and 13563: 13559: 13554: 13550: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13516: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13456: 13454: 13452: 13448: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13399: 13395: 13385: 13382: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13305: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13270: 13262: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13254: 13253: 13251: 13249: 13245: 13237: 13234: 13233: 13232: 13229: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13215: 13212: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13192: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13183: 13180: 13176: 13173: 13172: 13171: 13168: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13150: 13148: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13129: 13125: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13054: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13017: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12990: 12986: 12981: 12977: 12970: 12965: 12963: 12958: 12956: 12951: 12950: 12947: 12934: 12930: 12929: 12925: 12923: 12919: 12918: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12906: 12899: 12895: 12894: 12890: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12879: 12877: 12873: 12872: 12868: 12866: 12862: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12851: 12847: 12846: 12842: 12838: 12836: 12832: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12819: 12814: 12810: 12802: 12796: 12792: 12791: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12764: 12759: 12755: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12743: 12730: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12694: 12690: 12686: 12679: 12671: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12630: 12622: 12615: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12572: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12529: 12514: 12510: 12503: 12488: 12484: 12477: 12462: 12458: 12451: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12420: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12389: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12358: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12327: 12319: 12315: 12309: 12290: 12283: 12282: 12274: 12259: 12255: 12249: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12202: 12194: 12190: 12183: 12175: 12163: 12157: 12142: 12141: 12140:Rolling Stone 12136: 12129: 12121: 12120: 12115: 12109: 12101: 12097: 12091: 12075: 12071: 12067: 12060: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12033: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12002: 11994: 11990: 11983: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11952: 11944: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11901: 11886: 11882: 11876: 11874: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11844: 11836: 11830: 11822: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11795: 11787: 11781: 11777: 11776: 11771: 11765: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11730: 11722: 11715: 11713: 11704: 11697: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11673: 11669: 11662: 11660: 11651: 11645: 11641: 11640: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11599: 11592: 11584: 11578: 11574: 11573: 11565: 11557: 11551: 11547: 11540: 11524: 11518: 11510: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11467: 11459: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11418: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11375: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11332: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11305: 11297: 11290: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11226: 11224: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11196: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11177: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11150: 11142: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11099: 11092: 11086: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11042: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11014: 11007: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10978: 10971: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10932: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10889: 10870: 10863: 10857: 10838: 10831: 10825: 10817: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10774: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10748: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10707: 10699: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10658: 10650: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10607: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10583: 10582:NIHR Evidence 10579: 10573: 10565: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10524: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10455: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10432: 10424: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10383: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10362: 10354: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10269: 10260: 10258: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10235: 10231: 10224: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10159: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10120: 10105: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10074:CNS Spectrums 10071: 10064: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10014: 10007: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9952: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9915: 9909: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9890: 9881: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9861:10.2196/26736 9857: 9854:(2): e26736. 9853: 9849: 9845: 9838: 9830: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9810:10.2196/35940 9806: 9803:(4): e35940. 9802: 9798: 9794: 9787: 9771: 9767: 9760: 9758: 9748: 9746: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9710: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9675: 9673: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9637: 9629: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9588: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9545: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9472: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9437: 9430: 9425: 9423: 9414: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9373: 9365: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9309: 9307: 9298: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9212: 9206: 9202: 9195: 9187: 9181: 9177: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9119: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9070: 9062: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9017: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8973: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8805: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8749: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8708: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8664: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8621: 8613: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8580: 8572: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8463: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8233: 8231: 8222: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8132: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8083: 8068: 8062: 8060: 8044: 8040: 8034: 8018: 8014: 8008: 8006: 7997: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7913: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7844: 7843:2027.42/98412 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7723: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7679: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7499: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7453: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7394: 7390: 7384: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7292: 7284: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7241: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7047: 7031: 7027: 7021: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6879: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6837: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6733: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6654: 6646: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6629:(1): 98–113. 6628: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6611: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6529: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6310: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6050:10.5080/u7172 6047: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5831: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5568: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5530: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5273: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5222: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5142: 5135: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4976: 4969: 4962: 4960: 4951: 4950: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4838: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4531:(4): 743–58. 4530: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4482: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3889: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3455: 3439: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3271:. p. 142 3270: 3269: 3260: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2961: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2825: 2822: 2814: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2780:This section 2778: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2752:Other animals 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2677: 2673: 2670:(2019) stars 2669: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2643:In the novel 2642: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2543:David Beckham 2539: 2536: 2535:Gabriel Boric 2531: 2528: 2527: 2526:Rolling Stone 2522: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2490:Howard Hughes 2486: 2484: 2480: 2479:Sigmund Freud 2476: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2465:lexicographer 2461: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2441:Notable cases 2438: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2380:psychotherapy 2376: 2371: 2370:Sigmund Freud 2367: 2363: 2362:Karl Westphal 2359: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271:John Climacus 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2232: 2224: >120 2200: 90–97.5 2194: 82.5–90 2188: 75–82.5 2182: 67.5–75 2176: 60–67.5 2170: 52.5–60 2164: 45–52.5 2152: no data 2145: 2140: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2088:psychosurgery 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1995:In 2006, the 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1700:social worker 1697: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1669:cerebrospinal 1666: 1663: 1662:glutamatergic 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635:autoreceptors 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1537:heterogeneity 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411:orbital gyrus 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1312:streptococcal 1309: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1286:, which is a 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1060:Tourettic OCD 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:perseveration 1037: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988:, ASD, ADHD, 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 949: 947: 942: 938: 932:Pediatric OCD 925: 918: 911: 901: 898: 897:meta-analysis 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 870:verbal memory 867: 863: 852: 848: 846: 842: 841:United States 838: 834: 829: 827: 822: 818: 808: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 774: 771: 766: 764: 760: 754: 752: 748: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707:idiosyncratic 700: 695: 690: 680: 677: 671: 669: 665: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 581: 577: 572: 567: 561: 551: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 521: 517: 513: 508: 504: 501: 500:meta-analytic 497: 486: 484: 478: 476: 472: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418:psychosurgery 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398:psychotherapy 395: 390: 388: 384: 381:. The phrase 380: 376: 372: 368: 367:tic disorders 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 301: 297: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 264:blasphemously 261: 257: 256:contamination 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 227: 223: 219: 215: 206: 202: 199: 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 177: 176:tic disorders 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 155: 153: 149: 146: 142: 138: 134: 131: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 103: 101: 100:Complications 97: 94: 90: 86: 84: 80: 77: 74: 72: 68: 63: 59: 54: 49: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 15483:Technostress 15476:Technophobia 15471:Technophilia 15281: 15247:Evolutionary 15225:Evolutionary 15215:Neuroscience 15034:aripiprazole 15003:clomipramine 14957:escitalopram 14873:Superstition 14803: 14798:$ pringfield 14789: 14777: 14770: 14763: 14741: 14734: 14716: 14709: 14702: 14608:Aripiprazole 14590:Clomipramine 14524:Escitalopram 14283:Neuroanatomy 14245: 14075:Folie à deux 14000:Intoxication 13981:substances, 13979:Psychoactive 13898:Night terror 13715:Dissociative 13679:Panic attack 13673: 13231:Tic disorder 12926: 12915: 12891: 12880: 12869: 12854: 12839: 12824: 12789: 12751: 12692: 12688: 12678: 12643: 12639: 12629: 12620: 12614: 12581: 12577: 12571: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12516:. Retrieved 12513:The Guardian 12512: 12502: 12492:21 September 12490:. Retrieved 12487:The Guardian 12486: 12476: 12464:. Retrieved 12460: 12450: 12438:. Retrieved 12434:the original 12429: 12419: 12407:. Retrieved 12398: 12388: 12376:. Retrieved 12372:the original 12367: 12357: 12345:. Retrieved 12336: 12326: 12317: 12308: 12296:. Retrieved 12289:the original 12280: 12273: 12261:. Retrieved 12257: 12248: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12193:The Guardian 12192: 12182: 12172:– via 12166:. Retrieved 12156: 12144:. Retrieved 12138: 12128: 12117: 12108: 12099: 12090: 12078:. Retrieved 12069: 12059: 12046: 12042: 12032: 12020:. Retrieved 12011: 12001: 11992: 11982: 11970:. Retrieved 11966:the original 11961: 11951: 11914: 11910: 11900: 11888:. Retrieved 11884: 11852:. New York: 11849: 11843: 11829: 11804: 11800: 11794: 11774: 11764: 11739: 11735: 11729: 11720: 11702: 11696: 11671: 11667: 11638: 11597: 11591: 11575:. Springer. 11571: 11564: 11545: 11539: 11527:. Retrieved 11517: 11480: 11476: 11466: 11431: 11427: 11417: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11341: 11337: 11331: 11317:(1): 43–46. 11314: 11310: 11304: 11295: 11289: 11280: 11274: 11239: 11235: 11205: 11201: 11195: 11176: 11163: 11159: 11149: 11112: 11108: 11098: 11090: 11085: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11019:(2): 77–81. 11016: 11012: 11006: 10989: 10983: 10970: 10937: 10931: 10898: 10894: 10888: 10876:. Retrieved 10869:the original 10856: 10844:. Retrieved 10824: 10787: 10783: 10773: 10765:the original 10755: 10720: 10716: 10706: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10620: 10616: 10606: 10581: 10572: 10540:(1): 64–76. 10537: 10533: 10523: 10490: 10486: 10480: 10445: 10441: 10431: 10396: 10392: 10382: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10310: 10306: 10296: 10287: 10278: 10268: 10229: 10223: 10211:. Retrieved 10207: 10197: 10172: 10168: 10158: 10133: 10129: 10119: 10107:. Retrieved 10077: 10073: 10063: 10020: 10016: 10006: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9926: 9920: 9914: 9896: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9800: 9796: 9786: 9774:. Retrieved 9719: 9715: 9709: 9684: 9680: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9601: 9597: 9587: 9557:(1): 55–60. 9554: 9550: 9544: 9532:. Retrieved 9528: 9481: 9477: 9471: 9446: 9442: 9436: 9428: 9386: 9382: 9372: 9363: 9357: 9322: 9318: 9268: 9264: 9254: 9232:(1): 88–89. 9229: 9225: 9219: 9200: 9194: 9175: 9169: 9132: 9128: 9118: 9083: 9079: 9069: 9032: 9028: 8982: 8978: 8972: 8950:(1): 32–49. 8947: 8943: 8937: 8902: 8898: 8888: 8861: 8857: 8847: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8771: 8767: 8721: 8717: 8707: 8674: 8670: 8663: 8633:(1): 69–79. 8630: 8626: 8620: 8593: 8589: 8579: 8552: 8548: 8538: 8503: 8497: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8427: 8423: 8413: 8405: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8342: 8338: 8292: 8288: 8242: 8238: 8194: 8190: 8180: 8148:(2): 85–91. 8145: 8141: 8131: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8070:. Retrieved 8046:. Retrieved 8043:www.nami.org 8042: 8033: 8021:. Retrieved 8016: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7925:(1): 64–69. 7922: 7918: 7912: 7879: 7875: 7868: 7825: 7821: 7814: 7779: 7775: 7765: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7510: 7506: 7470: 7466: 7452: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7397:. Retrieved 7392: 7383: 7351:(1): 88–95. 7348: 7344: 7334: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7254: 7250: 7240: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7113: 7109: 7099: 7062: 7056: 7046: 7034:. Retrieved 7020: 6987: 6983: 6977: 6958: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6890: 6886: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6799: 6795: 6785: 6748: 6744: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6626: 6622: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6541: 6537: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6363: 6359: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6041: 6037: 6031: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5842: 5838: 5820: 5807: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5739: 5735: 5694:(3): 281–4. 5691: 5687: 5677: 5658: 5637:. Retrieved 5633: 5623: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5579: 5575: 5544:(1): 57–64. 5541: 5537: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5463:. Retrieved 5450: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5399:. Retrieved 5385: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5275:. Retrieved 5266: 5244:(1): 13–26. 5241: 5235: 5229: 5205: 5198: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5148:, retrieved 5132: 5126: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5008:. Retrieved 5004: 4999:Williams M. 4994: 4982:. Retrieved 4975:the original 4948: 4941: 4929:. Retrieved 4925: 4916: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4865:(2): 39–53. 4862: 4858: 4845: 4818: 4812: 4791: 4783: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4726:(1): 78–88. 4723: 4719: 4709: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4613:. Retrieved 4608: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4493: 4489: 4445: 4439: 4429: 4397:(1): 21–33. 4394: 4390: 4344: 4340: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4278:. Retrieved 4274: 4265: 4253:. Retrieved 4248: 4239: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4067: 4063: 4015: 4011: 3973: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3903:. Retrieved 3899: 3875:. Retrieved 3870: 3861: 3849:. Retrieved 3845: 3836: 3824:. Retrieved 3820: 3781: 3775: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3670: 3666: 3618: 3614: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3470: 3466: 3441:. Retrieved 3432: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3369:. Retrieved 3363: 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3335: 3305:. Retrieved 3297: 3273:. Retrieved 3265: 3224: 3220: 3172: 3168: 3124: 3120: 3066: 3062: 3029: 2964:. Retrieved 2952: 2892:Tic disorder 2832: 2817: 2808: 2793:Please help 2781: 2719: 2693: 2686: 2672:Charly Clive 2665: 2658: 2644: 2638:Marc Summers 2631: 2618: 2612:Nicolas Cage 2605: 2592: 2591:In the film 2583: 2573: 2540: 2532: 2524: 2521:James Spader 2518: 2511: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2472: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2444: 2432: 2415:clomipramine 2408: 2384: 2366:Pierre Janet 2357: 2353: 2346: 2344: 2313: 2307: 2298: 2282: 2268: 2256:scrupulosity 2238: 2229: 2158: <45 2128:Epidemiology 2115: 2106: 2102: 2085: 2073:brain tissue 2051: 2041: 2019:aripiprazole 1994: 1986:Clomipramine 1984: 1976: 1967: 1953:(SSRIs) and 1948: 1931: 1896: 1878: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1828: 1805: 1796: 1785: 1782:self-concept 1771: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1719: 1708: 1696:psychiatrist 1692:psychologist 1689: 1659: 1641:, decreased 1639:amphetamines 1616: 1583:serotonergic 1579: 1562: 1534: 1523: 1515: 1502:white matter 1474: 1423: 1393:, and right 1373:(OFC), left 1368: 1356:Neuroimaging 1332: 1320: 1301: 1269: 1249: 1242: 1235: 1231:case-control 1221:(SNPs) near 1212: 1189: 1174: 1170: 1155: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1114: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1033: 1021: 1010: 1006: 955: 943: 939: 935: 923: 894: 886:set-shifting 858: 849: 844: 832: 830: 814: 806: 794:onychophagia 790:skin picking 775: 767: 755: 743: 715:hair pulling 711:skin picking 703: 672: 655:heterosexual 628: 612:scrupulosity 585: 548: 525: 520:neuroimaging 509: 505: 492: 479: 462:clomipramine 458:escitalopram 391: 382: 308: 292: 272:hand washing 245: 240: 236: 217: 213: 212: 198:clomipramine 128:Risk factors 42: 29: 15429:Screen time 15046:risperidone 15024:haloperidol 14988:venlafaxine 14965:fluvoxamine 14805:Straight Up 14785:Adrian Monk 14772:The Aviator 14534:Fluvoxamine 14489:possessions 14440:Compulsions 14404:associative 14048:schizotypal 13883:Hypersomnia 13873:Nonorganic 13614:Agoraphobia 13345:Cyclothymia 13340:Bipolar NOS 13315:(affective) 13187:Stereotypic 13095:Kleptomania 12917:MedlinePlus 12746:‹ The 12466:27 February 12430:USA Network 12362:Almeida J. 12298:17 February 12263:11 November 11972:29 November 11674:: 185–189. 11242:(1): 7–26. 10901:(12): 103. 10448:(10): 920. 10175:: 167–173. 10136:(1): 3–13. 10109:29 February 9389:(8): e153. 8555:(1): 8–16. 7457:Menzies L, 7399:28 February 6928:: 377–412. 5639:11 December 5277:15 December 5094:: 131–148. 5041:: 156–159. 4984:30 December 4615:13 December 4611:(in Samoan) 4605:"About OCD" 4222:2066/247522 4205:: 302–312. 4070:: 233–242. 3905:11 December 2867:Cyclothymia 2746:lamotrigine 2699:hydrocodone 2625:Adrian Monk 2561:represents 2503:George Ezra 2495:The Aviator 2446:John Bunyan 2006:risperidone 1874:mindfulness 1837:(SSRIs) or 1787:egosyntonic 1778:egodystonic 1698:, clinical 1535:Due to the 1477:grey matter 1391:hippocampus 1335:bereavement 1329:Environment 1292:nerve cells 1279:subcortical 1079:cyclothymic 719:nail biting 683:Compulsions 643:intercourse 588:compulsions 542:(ADHD) and 528:homogeneous 446:fluvoxamine 379:suicidality 339:child abuse 304:egosyntonic 296:egodystonic 241:compulsions 141:temperament 119:Usual onset 15503:Categories 15362:Body image 15309:Depression 15263:Associated 15232:Psychology 15220:Psychiatry 15173:Ergonomics 15130:Nomophobia 15042:quetiapine 15038:olanzapine 14973:sertraline 14969:paroxetine 14961:fluoxetine 14953:citalopram 14728:Nonfiction 14689:Literature 14642:Behavioral 14572:Phenelzine 14554:Nefazodone 14549:Citalopram 14544:Sertraline 14539:Paroxetine 14529:Fluoxetine 14429:scrupulous 14419:pathogenic 14409:diagnostic 14400:Obsessions 14200:Stereotypy 14063:Delusional 14052:delusional 14025:Withdrawal 13893:Parasomnia 13798:Nosophobia 13578:Adjustment 13566:somatoform 13499:Sundowning 13352:Depression 13335:Bipolar II 13224:Stuttering 13219:Cluttering 13015:Paraphilia 12893:DiseasesDB 12440:8 December 12409:8 December 12378:14 January 12318:CharacTour 12258:Beyond OCD 11956:Penzel F. 11917:(11): 71. 11890:4 November 11115:(1): 186. 10878:30 January 10846:30 January 10202:Hayes SC. 10080:(2): 138. 9968:: 94–108. 9649:: 100709. 9534:12 October 8817:: 89–108. 8341:(Review). 8291:(Review). 8241:(Review). 7560:: 101298. 7513:: 101386. 7116:: 612586. 7036:30 October 6283:(1): 230. 5503:1874/11267 5176:: 98–113. 5010:4 February 4587:1993/30297 3784:. London: 3443:5 November 3371:6 November 3343:6 November 3307:6 November 2903:References 2756:See also: 2742:topiramate 2734:gabapentin 2715:paroxetine 2711:fluoxetine 2651:John Green 2649:(2017) by 2509:(Pure O). 2428:sertraline 2424:fluoxetine 2038:Procedures 2014:Quetiapine 2010:olanzapine 1963:fluoxetine 1959:Sertraline 1937:Medication 1927:decoupling 1870:acceptance 1809:(CBT) and 1802:Management 1792:self-image 1606:receptors 1542:cerebellar 1345:Mechanisms 1323:antibodies 1298:Autoimmune 1290:that some 1204:homozygous 1200:Caucasians 1093:, 12% for 1089:, 18% for 1081:traits or 1069:with both 1067:comorbidly 1052:motor tics 908:See also: 821:delusional 802:decoupling 763:dermatitis 731:perception 659:homosexual 616:Mysophobia 564:See also: 554:Obsessions 454:citalopram 450:paroxetine 442:fluoxetine 438:sertraline 226:behavioral 190:Counseling 76:Psychiatry 15242:Cognitive 14711:Plyushkin 14696:Fictional 14499:Treatment 14414:injurious 14319:Receptors 14153:Catatonia 14085:Psychosis 13920:Postnatal 13903:Nightmare 13509:Wandering 13362:Dysthymia 13330:Bipolar I 13285:Pervasive 13100:Pyromania 13025:Voyeurism 13020:Fetishism 12928:eMedicine 12711:1662-453X 12347:9 January 12240:145735144 12232:0163-9625 12080:9 January 12022:9 January 11381:CNS Drugs 11077:232408932 10962:205193449 10598:253347210 10345:248890026 10329:1423-0348 10248:713181786 10189:2211-3649 10055:211085261 10039:1091-4269 9998:220521468 9982:0165-0327 9736:143040967 9722:: 23–37. 9701:143731458 9663:245996392 9007:207442722 8839:206984783 8677:: 25–32. 8295:: 39–44. 8099:: 51–65. 7627:208214719 7535:218585620 7444:203833429 7012:146592937 6751:(1): 36. 6484:207639773 6366:: 13–29. 6157:: 24–36. 6122:: 48–58. 5845:: 66–71. 5791:0005-7967 5617:(1): 6–9. 5558:1554-4893 5465:31 August 5428:: 15–27. 5005:OCD Types 4369:220288984 3786:Routledge 3643:218772347 3087:0272-7358 2782:does not 2730:memantine 2722:glutamate 2695:μ-Opioids 2604:The film 2391:Vic Meyer 2358:obsession 2316:possessed 2289:Christian 2279:blasphemy 2252:describes 2248:historian 2122:remission 2112:Prognosis 1957:(SNRIs). 1852:habituate 1686:Diagnosis 1672:glutamate 1604:serotonin 1585:systems. 1566:Pavlovian 1446:precuneus 1284:serotonin 1240:and OCD. 1181:serotonin 1119:or other 1083:hypomanic 735:attention 341:or other 237:obsession 204:Frequency 186:Treatment 71:Specialty 15331:Insomnia 15237:Clinical 14718:Xenocide 14628:Inositol 14470:Hoarding 14444:impulses 14434:symmetry 14393:Symptoms 14351:μ Opioid 14294:striatum 13888:Insomnia 13558:Neurotic 13525:Delirium 13451:Dementia 13290:Specific 12748:template 12729:37274201 12720:10232807 12670:22024159 12606:35971588 12598:12783603 12563:30024004 12555:21352883 12461:Playbill 12403:Archived 12341:Archived 12100:BBC News 12074:Archived 12051:Archived 12016:Archived 11943:34613498 11772:(1950). 11688:25911133 11529:15 March 11509:30745684 11458:22275846 11401:23580175 11358:15533282 11323:19378573 11266:23746138 11184:Archived 11168:Archived 11141:29895269 11069:33775927 11033:16498907 10998:17849776 10954:21154394 10923:41312623 10915:29110139 10837:Archived 10816:22226028 10807:2299/216 10747:19588448 10738:10576545 10698:34002501 10649:32982805 10564:23316878 10515:13660201 10507:28384832 10472:27692263 10423:27318812 10374:17849776 10337:35584639 10273:293-308. 10150:16942956 10104:33081864 10047:32048376 9990:32658831 9943:10910778 9904:Archived 9899:66 – 70 9880:35142632 9829:35451993 9770:Archived 9628:33833612 9579:41312244 9571:20827198 9506:18815147 9498:12501574 9413:22892718 9349:21963369 9297:26733823 9246:11884667 9161:26635696 9135:: 1798. 9102:24762196 9061:26733823 8999:25150566 8964:16242823 8929:24407265 8880:19880927 8831:23582297 8788:20603451 8748:25017045 8691:28992533 8647:15546704 8612:18787662 8571:24986387 8530:21496613 8489:21378617 8454:18838041 8402:37434919 8394:19242249 8359:29398245 8317:13681480 8309:29689421 8267:13654194 8259:28915150 8221:22275846 8172:30996598 8123:40827012 8115:29309797 8072:23 March 8048:23 March 8023:23 March 7996:16563589 7947:42840925 7939:14582147 7904:12532617 7896:17264842 7860:20929721 7852:23606572 7806:22889921 7757:40442832 7749:17291658 7714:23223447 7706:18186076 7662:14593431 7619:31749199 7584:31176948 7527:32388080 7489:17855376 7459:Achard S 7436:19665647 7375:22942882 7318:10974610 7283:23112432 7232:15231024 7191:35572774 7142:33551875 7091:22203806 7030:Archived 7004:16046664 6966:Archived 6950:14546782 6907:23499210 6869:18235868 6828:26366407 6777:32000754 6723:25875222 6709:: 1–15. 6645:22176943 6593:14594734 6558:15507582 6519:18400058 6476:22314125 6441:26130211 6392:27594793 6309:37380645 6300:10307810 6258:27470036 6250:22711294 6214:29614059 6136:25601381 6101:17781028 6093:24840803 6058:24310094 6023:28181106 6015:23866289 5972:28864868 5937:10458051 5859:28528243 5823:(40): 1. 5756:12002896 5710:10755077 5596:21620478 5520:21371127 5512:15210377 5442:11931675 5424:(Pt 1). 5401:26 March 5395:Archived 5377:25457929 5328:30858531 5320:17345600 5190:18076865 5174:Elsevier 5150:12 April 5141:archived 5118:20623919 5065:21094531 5039:Elsevier 4931:31 March 4908:17828763 4775:23792752 4740:19853982 4701:20039111 4652:15245833 4472:18923068 4421:19432385 4361:32603559 4323:23539879 4280:24 March 4255:28 April 4231:35041869 4180:36127157 4139:13660201 4131:28384832 4096:20520787 4042:19468281 3990:17443583 3956:25150568 3877:25 April 3851:25 April 3826:23 March 3767:29929465 3718:20060171 3683:Archived 3679:19621834 3635:32445002 3597:25150565 3548:19196924 3499:30745684 3424:21509914 3275:8 August 3266:who.int 3241:25150561 3201:25432131 3141:25119610 3095:25875222 3073:: 1–15. 2960:Archived 2841:See also 2763:Advocacy 2726:riluzole 2703:tramadol 2689:inositol 2683:Research 2400:flooding 2324:exorcism 2240:Plutarch 2099:Children 1843:homework 1715:suppress 1676:riluzole 1651:striatum 1619:dopamine 1550:amygdala 1530:amygdala 1519:striatum 1454:pallidum 1426:salience 1417:, while 1260:hoarding 1208:genotype 1177:mutation 1152:Genetics 927:studies. 639:anal sex 635:oral sex 536:comorbid 410:surgical 404:such as 319:amygdala 284:hoarding 280:counting 276:cleaning 260:symmetry 229:disorder 133:Genetics 83:Symptoms 15461:Spaving 14820:Related 14474:animals 14449:rituals 14275:Biology 14253:History 13597:Anxiety 13436:PDD-NOS 13325:Bipolar 12978: ( 12887:D009771 12750:below ( 12661:3437220 12623:(5): 3. 12518:7 April 12174:YouTube 12168:10 July 12146:10 July 11934:8493778 11821:5978682 11770:Freud S 11756:2667880 11500:6343421 11449:3263388 11409:8038340 11366:6582600 11257:3815743 11132:5998583 10689:8129843 10640:7493620 10623:: 717. 10555:3947513 10463:6690590 10414:4967667 10095:7691644 9871:8874794 9820:9073609 9776:24 July 9619:8009125 9463:2684084 9404:3432192 9340:3205262 9288:4681810 9271:: 171. 9152:4655583 9110:5528241 9052:4681810 9035:: 171. 8920:4023155 8796:9501322 8739:4148591 8699:5368803 8655:9941792 8603:2527721 8445:3079445 8212:3263388 8163:6462125 7987:7130737 7797:4218751 7670:2171955 7575:6708491 7393:PsychDB 7366:3286851 7274:3480803 7182:9036421 7133:7854900 7082:3243905 6942:9496627 6860:2219909 6819:4561118 6768:6993325 6688:2782199 6680:8771221 6601:8711232 6432:4515191 6383:4994744 6205:5923710 5980:4012128 5902:8192634 5867:4627755 5799:8192634 5718:8365071 5368:4254546 5258:8119793 5109:3181955 5056:3070770 5037:(1–2). 4692:2855859 4545:1461792 4510:2930330 4463:3972003 4412:3181902 4314:5705036 4087:2877605 4033:2888928 3947:4143776 3758:7059158 3588:4143777 3539:4476073 3490:6343421 3415:3227121 3192:4262998 3175:: 317. 3035:237–242 2966:24 July 2803:removed 2788:sources 2483:torture 2475:Rat Man 2332:England 2318:by the 2235:History 2053:Surgery 1980:placebo 1971:synapse 1897:A 2007 1817:Therapy 1438:putamen 1434:caudate 1399:caudate 1271:Imaging 1158:genetic 1002:suicide 874:fluency 604:disease 327:genetic 252:disgust 248:anxiety 220:) is a 137:biology 113:suicide 91:, have 15524:Ritual 15299:Autism 15252:Social 15013:Others 14848:PANDAS 14424:sexual 13841:Eating 13689:Stress 13606:Phobia 13562:stress 13421:Autism 13214:Speech 13003:Sexual 12922:000929 12876:164230 12797: 12767:Curlie 12753:Curlie 12727: 12717: 12709: 12668: 12658: 12604: 12596: 12561: 12553: 12238: 12230: 11941: 11931: 11860: 11819: 11782: 11754: 11686: 11646: 11579: 11552: 11507: 11497: 11456: 11446: 11407: 11399: 11364: 11356: 11321: 11264: 11254: 11139: 11129: 11075: 11067: 11031: 10996: 10960: 10952: 10921: 10913: 10814: 10745: 10735: 10696: 10686: 10647: 10637: 10596: 10562: 10552: 10513: 10505: 10470: 10460: 10421: 10411: 10372: 10343: 10335: 10327: 10246: 10236: 10213:7 July 10187: 10148: 10102: 10092: 10053: 10045: 10037: 9996: 9988: 9980: 9941: 9878: 9868: 9827: 9817: 9734: 9699: 9661: 9626: 9616: 9577: 9569: 9504: 9496: 9461: 9411: 9401: 9347: 9337: 9295: 9285: 9244: 9207: 9182: 9159: 9149: 9108: 9100: 9059: 9049: 9005: 8997: 8962: 8927: 8917: 8878: 8837: 8829: 8794: 8786: 8746: 8736: 8697: 8689: 8653: 8645: 8610: 8600: 8569: 8528: 8518: 8487: 8452: 8442: 8400: 8392: 8357: 8315: 8307: 8265: 8257: 8219: 8209: 8170: 8160: 8121: 8113: 8017:nhs.uk 7994: 7984: 7945: 7937: 7902: 7894: 7858: 7850: 7804: 7794: 7755: 7747: 7712: 7704: 7668: 7660: 7625: 7617: 7582: 7572: 7533: 7525: 7487: 7442: 7434: 7416:Lancet 7373: 7363: 7326:276209 7324: 7316: 7281: 7271: 7230: 7189: 7179: 7140: 7130: 7089: 7079: 7065:: 70. 7010: 7002: 6972:– 2012 6948: 6940: 6905: 6867: 6857: 6826: 6816: 6775: 6765: 6721: 6686: 6678: 6643: 6599: 6591: 6556: 6517: 6482: 6474: 6439: 6429: 6390: 6380: 6307: 6297: 6256: 6248: 6212: 6202: 6134: 6099: 6091: 6056: 6021: 6013: 5978: 5970: 5935: 5900: 5865: 5857: 5797: 5789: 5754: 5716: 5708: 5665: 5594: 5556: 5518: 5510: 5440: 5375: 5365: 5326: 5318: 5256: 5217: 5188: 5116: 5106: 5063: 5053: 4906: 4833: 4800: 4773: 4738: 4699: 4689: 4650: 4543: 4508: 4470: 4460: 4419: 4409: 4367: 4359: 4321: 4311: 4229: 4178: 4137: 4129: 4094: 4084: 4040: 4030: 3988: 3954: 3944: 3792: 3765: 3755: 3716: 3677: 3641: 3633: 3595: 3585: 3546: 3536: 3497: 3487: 3422: 3412: 3239: 3199: 3189: 3139: 3093: 3085: 3041: 2707:CYP2D6 2655:callus 2576:stigma 2559:ribbon 2351:German 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2057:lesion 1888:senses 1711:normal 1612:5-HT2C 1608:5-HT2A 1591:5-HT2A 1556:, and 1430:insula 1405:, and 1365:reward 1308:PANDAS 1256:hearth 1238:SLC1A1 1233:data. 1227:DLGAP1 1215:genome 1196:allele 1121:stress 1105:Causes 1028:coping 996:, and 880:, and 792:, and 739:memory 737:, and 649:, and 647:incest 598:, the 456:, and 432:, and 394:Y-BOCS 373:, and 343:stress 321:, and 222:mental 14980:SNRIs 14945:SSRIs 14757:Media 14621:Other 14479:books 14146:Other 13875:sleep 13662:Other 13518:Other 13384:Mania 13056:Other 12898:33766 12865:300.3 12621:Focus 12602:S2CID 12559:S2CID 12292:(PDF) 12285:(PDF) 12236:S2CID 12049:(7). 11405:S2CID 11362:S2CID 11166:(4). 11073:S2CID 10980:(PDF) 10958:S2CID 10919:S2CID 10872:(PDF) 10865:(PDF) 10840:(PDF) 10833:(PDF) 10594:S2CID 10511:S2CID 10341:S2CID 10051:S2CID 9994:S2CID 9732:S2CID 9697:S2CID 9659:S2CID 9575:S2CID 9502:S2CID 9106:S2CID 9003:S2CID 8835:S2CID 8792:S2CID 8695:S2CID 8651:S2CID 8398:S2CID 8313:S2CID 8263:S2CID 8119:S2CID 7943:S2CID 7900:S2CID 7856:S2CID 7753:S2CID 7710:S2CID 7666:S2CID 7623:S2CID 7531:S2CID 7467:Brain 7440:S2CID 7322:S2CID 7008:S2CID 6946:S2CID 6684:S2CID 6597:S2CID 6480:S2CID 6254:S2CID 6097:S2CID 6019:S2CID 5976:S2CID 5863:S2CID 5817:(PDF) 5714:S2CID 5516:S2CID 5324:S2CID 5172:(1). 5144:(PDF) 5137:(PDF) 5090:(2). 4978:(PDF) 4971:(PDF) 4855:(PDF) 4365:S2CID 4347:(4). 4275:Mercy 4135:S2CID 3639:S2CID 3262:(PDF) 2956:(NIH) 2557:This 2473:The " 2420:SSRIs 2320:devil 2242:, an 1546:taboo 1395:uncus 1223:BTBD3 1185:hSERT 624:germs 602:, or 600:devil 576:devil 483:Mercy 408:, or 14995:TCAs 14791:Pure 14484:data 14454:tics 14380:NMDA 14343:5-HT 14335:5-HT 14326:5-HT 14050:and 13699:PTSD 13313:Mood 13153:ADHD 12882:MeSH 12871:OMIM 12860:9-CM 12835:6B20 12795:ISBN 12725:PMID 12707:ISSN 12666:PMID 12594:PMID 12551:PMID 12520:2021 12494:2019 12468:2024 12442:2008 12411:2008 12380:2015 12349:2015 12300:2010 12265:2020 12228:ISSN 12170:2023 12148:2023 12082:2015 12024:2015 11974:2013 11939:PMID 11892:2023 11858:ISBN 11817:PMID 11780:ISBN 11752:PMID 11684:PMID 11644:ISBN 11577:ISBN 11550:ISBN 11531:2023 11505:PMID 11454:PMID 11397:PMID 11354:PMID 11319:PMID 11262:PMID 11137:PMID 11065:PMID 11029:PMID 10994:PMID 10950:PMID 10911:PMID 10880:2015 10848:2015 10812:PMID 10743:PMID 10721:2009 10694:PMID 10645:PMID 10560:PMID 10503:PMID 10487:JAMA 10468:PMID 10419:PMID 10370:PMID 10333:PMID 10325:ISSN 10244:OCLC 10234:ISBN 10215:2022 10185:ISSN 10146:PMID 10111:2024 10100:PMID 10043:PMID 10035:ISSN 9986:PMID 9978:ISSN 9939:PMID 9876:PMID 9825:PMID 9778:2016 9624:PMID 9567:PMID 9536:2022 9494:PMID 9459:PMID 9409:PMID 9345:PMID 9293:PMID 9242:PMID 9205:ISBN 9180:ISBN 9157:PMID 9098:PMID 9057:PMID 8995:PMID 8960:PMID 8925:PMID 8876:PMID 8827:PMID 8784:PMID 8744:PMID 8687:PMID 8643:PMID 8608:PMID 8567:PMID 8526:PMID 8516:ISBN 8485:PMID 8450:PMID 8390:PMID 8355:PMID 8305:PMID 8255:PMID 8217:PMID 8168:PMID 8111:PMID 8074:2022 8050:2022 8025:2022 7992:PMID 7935:PMID 7923:123B 7892:PMID 7848:PMID 7826:162B 7802:PMID 7745:PMID 7702:PMID 7690:147B 7658:PMID 7615:PMID 7580:PMID 7523:PMID 7485:PMID 7432:PMID 7401:2024 7371:PMID 7314:PMID 7279:PMID 7228:PMID 7187:PMID 7138:PMID 7087:PMID 7038:2013 7000:PMID 6938:PMID 6903:PMID 6865:PMID 6824:PMID 6800:2015 6773:PMID 6719:PMID 6676:PMID 6641:PMID 6589:PMID 6554:PMID 6538:JAMA 6515:PMID 6472:PMID 6437:PMID 6388:PMID 6305:PMID 6246:PMID 6210:PMID 6132:PMID 6089:PMID 6054:PMID 6011:PMID 5968:PMID 5933:PMID 5898:PMID 5855:PMID 5795:PMID 5787:ISSN 5752:PMID 5706:PMID 5663:ISBN 5641:2021 5592:PMID 5554:ISSN 5508:PMID 5467:2021 5438:PMID 5403:2009 5373:PMID 5316:PMID 5279:2009 5254:PMID 5215:ISBN 5186:PMID 5152:2016 5114:PMID 5061:PMID 5012:2021 4986:2006 4933:2023 4904:PMID 4831:ISBN 4798:ISBN 4771:PMID 4736:PMID 4697:PMID 4648:PMID 4617:2022 4541:PMID 4506:PMID 4468:PMID 4417:PMID 4357:PMID 4319:PMID 4282:2023 4257:2023 4227:PMID 4176:PMID 4127:PMID 4111:JAMA 4092:PMID 4038:PMID 3986:PMID 3952:PMID 3907:2021 3879:2023 3853:2023 3828:2022 3790:ISBN 3763:PMID 3714:PMID 3675:PMID 3631:PMID 3593:PMID 3544:PMID 3495:PMID 3445:2021 3420:PMID 3373:2021 3345:2021 3309:2021 3277:2023 3237:PMID 3197:PMID 3137:PMID 3091:PMID 3083:ISSN 3039:ISBN 2968:2016 2786:any 2784:cite 2744:and 2713:and 2701:and 2667:Pure 2620:Monk 2426:and 2328:Kent 2287:, a 2275:monk 2260:OCPD 2246:and 2067:and 2024:SNRI 1961:and 1925:and 1905:and 1872:and 1610:and 1600:SSRI 1593:and 1464:and 1448:and 1316:PANS 1277:and 1073:and 1044:PTSD 946:SRIs 815:The 800:and 747:tics 651:rape 618:, a 580:Hell 473:and 323:BNST 235:(an 224:and 207:2.3% 105:Tics 14926:OCD 14087:and 13674:OCD 13202:RAD 13197:DAD 13163:ODD 12856:ICD 12850:F42 12841:ICD 12826:ICD 12765:at 12715:PMC 12697:doi 12656:PMC 12648:doi 12644:100 12586:doi 12543:doi 12220:doi 11929:PMC 11919:doi 11809:doi 11744:doi 11676:doi 11672:180 11495:PMC 11485:doi 11444:PMC 11436:doi 11389:doi 11346:doi 11252:PMC 11244:doi 11210:doi 11127:PMC 11117:doi 11057:doi 11021:doi 10990:164 10942:doi 10903:doi 10802:hdl 10792:doi 10733:PMC 10725:doi 10684:PMC 10676:doi 10635:PMC 10625:doi 10586:doi 10550:PMC 10542:doi 10495:doi 10491:317 10458:PMC 10450:doi 10409:PMC 10401:doi 10366:164 10315:doi 10177:doi 10138:doi 10090:PMC 10082:doi 10025:doi 9970:doi 9966:275 9931:doi 9927:157 9901:BAO 9866:PMC 9856:doi 9815:PMC 9805:doi 9724:doi 9689:doi 9651:doi 9614:PMC 9606:doi 9559:doi 9486:doi 9451:doi 9399:PMC 9391:doi 9335:PMC 9327:doi 9323:132 9283:PMC 9273:doi 9234:doi 9147:PMC 9137:doi 9088:doi 9047:PMC 9037:doi 8987:doi 8952:doi 8915:PMC 8907:doi 8866:doi 8862:195 8819:doi 8776:doi 8734:PMC 8726:doi 8679:doi 8635:doi 8631:132 8598:PMC 8557:doi 8553:205 8508:doi 8477:doi 8440:PMC 8432:doi 8382:doi 8347:doi 8297:doi 8247:doi 8207:PMC 8199:doi 8158:PMC 8150:doi 8101:doi 7982:PMC 7974:doi 7927:doi 7884:doi 7838:hdl 7830:doi 7792:PMC 7784:doi 7737:doi 7694:doi 7650:doi 7607:doi 7570:PMC 7562:doi 7515:doi 7475:doi 7471:130 7424:doi 7420:374 7361:PMC 7353:doi 7306:doi 7269:PMC 7259:doi 7218:doi 7177:PMC 7169:doi 7128:PMC 7118:doi 7077:PMC 7067:doi 6992:doi 6930:doi 6895:doi 6855:PMC 6814:PMC 6804:doi 6763:PMC 6753:doi 6711:doi 6668:doi 6631:doi 6581:doi 6577:160 6546:doi 6542:292 6507:doi 6464:doi 6460:124 6427:PMC 6419:doi 6378:PMC 6368:doi 6332:doi 6295:PMC 6285:doi 6238:doi 6200:PMC 6190:doi 6159:doi 6124:doi 6081:doi 6046:doi 6003:doi 5960:doi 5925:doi 5890:doi 5847:doi 5843:255 5779:doi 5744:doi 5696:doi 5692:176 5584:doi 5580:138 5546:doi 5498:hdl 5490:doi 5430:doi 5363:PMC 5355:doi 5306:doi 5246:doi 5178:doi 5104:PMC 5096:doi 5051:PMC 5043:doi 5035:187 4896:doi 4867:doi 4763:doi 4728:doi 4687:PMC 4679:doi 4640:doi 4582:hdl 4572:doi 4533:doi 4498:doi 4458:PMC 4450:doi 4446:165 4407:PMC 4399:doi 4349:doi 4309:PMC 4217:hdl 4207:doi 4203:302 4166:doi 4119:doi 4115:317 4082:PMC 4072:doi 4028:PMC 4020:doi 3978:doi 3942:PMC 3934:doi 3753:PMC 3745:doi 3706:doi 3702:124 3623:doi 3583:PMC 3575:doi 3534:PMC 3526:doi 3485:PMC 3475:doi 3410:PMC 3400:doi 3301:.uk 3299:nhs 3229:doi 3187:PMC 3177:doi 3129:doi 3125:371 3075:doi 2797:by 1526:OFC 1058:or 776:In 657:or 596:God 464:or 218:OCD 15505:: 15044:, 15040:, 15036:, 14971:, 14967:, 14963:, 14959:, 14955:, 14364:NK 14345:2C 14337:2A 14328:1D 14046:, 13560:, 12931:: 12920:: 12896:: 12885:: 12874:: 12863:: 12848:: 12845:10 12833:: 12830:11 12723:. 12713:. 12705:. 12695:. 12693:17 12691:. 12687:. 12664:. 12654:. 12642:. 12638:. 12600:. 12592:. 12582:12 12580:. 12557:. 12549:. 12539:35 12537:. 12511:. 12485:. 12459:. 12428:. 12401:. 12397:. 12366:. 12339:. 12335:. 12316:. 12256:. 12234:. 12226:. 12216:35 12214:. 12210:. 12191:. 12137:. 12116:. 12098:. 12072:. 12068:. 12047:36 12045:. 12041:. 12014:. 12010:. 11991:. 11960:. 11937:. 11927:. 11915:23 11913:. 11909:. 11883:. 11872:^ 11856:. 11815:. 11803:. 11750:. 11740:30 11738:. 11711:^ 11682:. 11670:. 11658:^ 11606:^ 11503:. 11493:. 11481:61 11479:. 11475:. 11452:. 11442:. 11432:13 11430:. 11426:. 11403:. 11395:. 11385:27 11383:. 11360:. 11352:. 11342:24 11340:. 11315:35 11313:. 11260:. 11250:. 11240:43 11238:. 11234:. 11222:^ 11204:. 11164:26 11162:. 11158:. 11135:. 11125:. 11113:18 11111:. 11107:. 11071:. 11063:. 11051:. 11027:. 11017:67 11015:. 10988:. 10982:. 10956:. 10948:. 10917:. 10909:. 10899:19 10897:. 10835:. 10810:. 10800:. 10788:15 10786:. 10782:. 10741:. 10731:. 10719:. 10715:. 10692:. 10682:. 10672:20 10670:. 10666:. 10643:. 10633:. 10621:11 10619:. 10615:. 10592:. 10580:. 10558:. 10548:. 10538:42 10536:. 10532:. 10509:. 10501:. 10489:. 10466:. 10456:. 10444:. 10440:. 10417:. 10407:. 10395:. 10391:. 10364:. 10339:. 10331:. 10323:. 10311:91 10309:. 10305:. 10256:^ 10242:. 10206:. 10183:. 10171:. 10167:. 10144:. 10134:37 10132:. 10128:. 10098:. 10088:. 10078:27 10076:. 10072:. 10049:. 10041:. 10033:. 10021:37 10019:. 10015:. 9992:. 9984:. 9976:. 9964:. 9960:. 9937:. 9925:. 9888:^ 9874:. 9864:. 9852:24 9850:. 9846:. 9823:. 9813:. 9801:24 9799:. 9795:. 9756:^ 9744:^ 9730:. 9720:17 9718:. 9695:. 9685:21 9683:. 9671:^ 9657:. 9647:32 9645:. 9622:. 9612:. 9602:27 9600:. 9596:. 9573:. 9565:. 9555:24 9553:. 9527:. 9514:^ 9500:. 9492:. 9482:14 9480:. 9457:. 9447:46 9445:. 9421:^ 9407:. 9397:. 9385:. 9381:. 9343:. 9333:. 9321:. 9317:. 9305:^ 9291:. 9281:. 9267:. 9263:. 9240:. 9230:14 9228:. 9155:. 9145:. 9131:. 9127:. 9104:. 9096:. 9084:68 9082:. 9078:. 9055:. 9045:. 9031:. 9027:. 9015:^ 9001:. 8993:. 8983:37 8981:. 8958:. 8948:26 8946:. 8923:. 8913:. 8903:39 8901:. 8897:. 8874:. 8860:. 8856:. 8833:. 8825:. 8815:62 8813:. 8790:. 8782:. 8772:67 8770:. 8756:^ 8742:. 8732:. 8720:. 8716:. 8693:. 8685:. 8675:46 8673:. 8649:. 8641:. 8629:. 8606:. 8594:33 8592:. 8588:. 8565:. 8551:. 8547:. 8524:. 8514:. 8483:. 8473:72 8471:. 8448:. 8438:. 8428:20 8426:. 8422:. 8404:. 8396:. 8388:. 8378:21 8376:. 8353:. 8343:22 8325:^ 8311:. 8303:. 8293:93 8275:^ 8261:. 8253:. 8243:29 8229:^ 8215:. 8205:. 8195:13 8193:. 8189:. 8166:. 8156:. 8146:24 8144:. 8140:. 8117:. 8109:. 8097:86 8095:. 8091:. 8058:^ 8041:. 8015:. 8004:^ 7990:. 7980:. 7970:30 7968:. 7964:. 7941:. 7933:. 7921:. 7898:. 7890:. 7880:12 7878:. 7854:. 7846:. 7836:. 7824:. 7800:. 7790:. 7780:18 7778:. 7774:. 7751:. 7743:. 7733:31 7731:. 7708:. 7700:. 7688:. 7664:. 7656:. 7644:. 7621:. 7613:. 7603:53 7601:. 7578:. 7568:. 7558:34 7556:. 7552:. 7529:. 7521:. 7511:37 7509:. 7497:^ 7483:. 7469:. 7465:. 7438:. 7430:. 7418:. 7391:. 7369:. 7359:. 7349:10 7347:. 7343:. 7320:. 7312:. 7302:10 7300:. 7277:. 7267:. 7255:44 7253:. 7249:. 7226:. 7212:. 7208:. 7185:. 7175:. 7165:35 7163:. 7159:. 7136:. 7126:. 7114:11 7112:. 7108:. 7085:. 7075:. 7061:. 7055:. 7006:. 6998:. 6988:29 6986:. 6944:. 6936:. 6926:49 6924:. 6901:. 6891:17 6889:. 6877:^ 6863:. 6849:. 6845:. 6822:. 6812:. 6798:. 6794:. 6771:. 6761:. 6749:20 6747:. 6743:. 6731:^ 6717:. 6707:39 6705:. 6682:. 6674:. 6664:59 6662:. 6639:. 6627:51 6625:. 6621:. 6609:^ 6595:. 6587:. 6575:. 6552:. 6540:. 6527:^ 6513:. 6503:49 6501:. 6478:. 6470:. 6458:. 6435:. 6425:. 6415:32 6413:. 6409:. 6386:. 6376:. 6362:. 6358:. 6344:^ 6326:. 6303:. 6293:. 6281:13 6279:. 6275:. 6252:. 6244:. 6234:44 6232:. 6208:. 6198:. 6186:15 6184:. 6180:. 6153:. 6130:. 6120:30 6118:. 6095:. 6087:. 6077:15 6075:. 6052:. 6042:24 6040:. 6017:. 6009:. 5999:44 5997:. 5974:. 5966:. 5956:28 5954:. 5931:. 5921:37 5919:. 5896:. 5886:32 5884:. 5861:. 5853:. 5841:. 5829:^ 5819:. 5793:. 5785:. 5775:32 5773:. 5750:. 5740:40 5738:. 5726:^ 5712:. 5704:. 5690:. 5686:. 5649:^ 5632:. 5613:. 5590:. 5578:. 5566:^ 5552:. 5540:. 5528:^ 5514:. 5506:. 5496:. 5486:35 5484:. 5458:. 5436:. 5422:41 5420:. 5393:. 5371:. 5361:. 5351:53 5349:. 5345:. 5322:. 5314:. 5302:25 5300:. 5296:. 5252:. 5242:15 5240:. 5213:. 5184:. 5170:46 5168:. 5112:. 5102:. 5088:12 5086:. 5082:. 5059:. 5049:. 5033:. 5029:. 5003:. 4958:^ 4924:. 4902:. 4892:63 4890:. 4861:. 4857:. 4825:: 4769:. 4759:44 4757:. 4734:. 4724:30 4722:. 4718:. 4695:. 4685:. 4675:40 4673:. 4669:. 4646:. 4636:24 4634:. 4607:. 4596:^ 4580:. 4566:. 4562:. 4539:. 4529:15 4527:. 4504:. 4494:46 4492:. 4480:^ 4466:. 4456:. 4444:. 4438:. 4415:. 4405:. 4395:11 4393:. 4389:. 4377:^ 4363:. 4355:. 4345:81 4343:. 4331:^ 4317:. 4305:58 4303:. 4299:. 4273:. 4247:. 4225:. 4215:. 4201:. 4197:. 4174:. 4162:93 4160:. 4156:. 4133:. 4125:. 4113:. 4090:. 4080:. 4066:. 4062:. 4050:^ 4036:. 4026:. 4016:15 4014:. 4010:. 3998:^ 3984:. 3964:^ 3950:. 3940:. 3930:37 3928:. 3924:. 3898:. 3887:^ 3869:. 3844:. 3819:. 3804:^ 3761:. 3751:. 3741:17 3739:. 3735:. 3712:. 3700:. 3681:. 3671:80 3669:. 3665:. 3651:^ 3637:. 3629:. 3619:91 3617:. 3605:^ 3591:. 3581:. 3571:37 3569:. 3565:. 3542:. 3532:. 3522:20 3520:. 3516:. 3493:. 3483:. 3471:61 3469:. 3465:. 3453:^ 3418:. 3408:. 3396:28 3394:. 3390:. 3362:. 3334:. 3317:^ 3296:. 3285:^ 3264:. 3249:^ 3235:. 3225:37 3223:. 3209:^ 3195:. 3185:. 3173:14 3171:. 3167:. 3149:^ 3135:. 3123:. 3103:^ 3089:. 3081:. 3069:. 3067:39 3065:. 3053:^ 3037:. 2976:^ 2958:. 2951:. 2911:^ 2740:, 2736:, 2732:, 2728:, 2717:. 2330:, 2296:. 2250:, 2012:. 1744:. 1694:, 1647:D2 1614:. 1552:, 1401:, 1389:, 1385:, 1213:A 1190:A 1175:A 1062:. 992:, 984:, 980:, 976:, 972:, 968:, 964:, 960:, 892:. 876:, 872:, 828:. 765:. 733:, 717:, 713:, 645:, 641:, 637:, 582:). 452:, 448:, 444:, 440:, 428:, 400:, 369:, 365:, 361:, 357:, 317:, 313:, 278:, 274:, 250:, 196:, 192:, 178:, 174:, 170:, 143:, 139:, 135:, 111:, 107:, 15081:e 15074:t 15067:v 15048:) 15032:( 15026:) 15022:( 15005:) 15001:( 14990:) 14986:( 14975:) 14951:( 14917:e 14910:t 14903:v 14800:" 14796:" 14660:) 14656:( 14491:) 14472:( 14466:) 14462:( 14456:) 14442:( 14436:) 14402:( 14374:4 14372:M 14366:1 14358:2 14356:H 14330:β 14296:) 14292:( 14238:e 14231:t 14224:v 13278:) 13274:( 12982:) 12968:e 12961:t 12954:v 12858:- 12843:- 12828:- 12818:D 12803:. 12731:. 12699:: 12672:. 12650:: 12608:. 12588:: 12565:. 12545:: 12522:. 12496:. 12470:. 12444:. 12413:. 12382:. 12351:. 12320:. 12302:. 12267:. 12242:. 12222:: 12195:. 12176:. 12150:. 12084:. 12026:. 11995:. 11945:. 11921:: 11894:. 11866:. 11837:. 11823:. 11811:: 11805:4 11788:. 11758:. 11746:: 11690:. 11678:: 11652:. 11585:. 11558:. 11533:. 11511:. 11487:: 11460:. 11438:: 11411:. 11391:: 11368:. 11348:: 11325:. 11268:. 11246:: 11216:. 11212:: 11206:7 11143:. 11119:: 11079:. 11059:: 11053:6 11035:. 11023:: 11000:. 10964:. 10944:: 10925:. 10905:: 10882:. 10850:. 10818:. 10804:: 10794:: 10749:. 10727:: 10700:. 10678:: 10651:. 10627:: 10600:. 10588:: 10566:. 10544:: 10517:. 10497:: 10474:. 10452:: 10446:3 10425:. 10403:: 10397:3 10376:. 10347:. 10317:: 10250:. 10217:. 10191:. 10179:: 10173:6 10152:. 10140:: 10113:. 10084:: 10057:. 10027:: 10000:. 9972:: 9945:. 9933:: 9882:. 9858:: 9831:. 9807:: 9780:. 9738:. 9726:: 9703:. 9691:: 9665:. 9653:: 9630:. 9608:: 9581:. 9561:: 9538:. 9508:. 9488:: 9465:. 9453:: 9415:. 9393:: 9387:2 9351:. 9329:: 9299:. 9275:: 9269:9 9248:. 9236:: 9213:. 9188:. 9163:. 9139:: 9133:6 9112:. 9090:: 9063:. 9039:: 9033:9 9009:. 8989:: 8966:. 8954:: 8931:. 8909:: 8882:. 8868:: 8841:. 8821:: 8798:. 8778:: 8750:. 8728:: 8722:6 8701:. 8681:: 8657:. 8637:: 8614:. 8573:. 8559:: 8532:. 8510:: 8491:. 8479:: 8456:. 8434:: 8384:: 8361:. 8349:: 8319:. 8299:: 8269:. 8249:: 8223:. 8201:: 8174:. 8152:: 8125:. 8103:: 8076:. 8052:. 8027:. 7998:. 7976:: 7949:. 7929:: 7906:. 7886:: 7862:. 7840:: 7832:: 7808:. 7786:: 7759:. 7739:: 7716:. 7696:: 7672:. 7652:: 7646:8 7629:. 7609:: 7586:. 7564:: 7537:. 7517:: 7491:. 7477:: 7446:. 7426:: 7403:. 7377:. 7355:: 7328:. 7308:: 7285:. 7261:: 7234:. 7220:: 7214:7 7193:. 7171:: 7144:. 7120:: 7093:. 7069:: 7063:2 7040:. 7014:. 6994:: 6952:. 6932:: 6909:. 6897:: 6871:. 6851:6 6830:. 6806:: 6779:. 6755:: 6725:. 6713:: 6690:. 6670:: 6647:. 6633:: 6603:. 6583:: 6560:. 6548:: 6521:. 6509:: 6486:. 6466:: 6443:. 6421:: 6394:. 6370:: 6364:8 6338:. 6334:: 6328:3 6311:. 6287:: 6260:. 6240:: 6216:. 6192:: 6165:. 6161:: 6155:5 6138:. 6126:: 6103:. 6083:: 6060:. 6048:: 6025:. 6005:: 5982:. 5962:: 5939:. 5927:: 5904:. 5892:: 5869:. 5849:: 5801:. 5781:: 5758:. 5746:: 5720:. 5698:: 5671:. 5643:. 5615:3 5598:. 5586:: 5560:. 5548:: 5542:1 5522:. 5500:: 5492:: 5469:. 5444:. 5432:: 5405:. 5379:. 5357:: 5330:. 5308:: 5281:. 5260:. 5248:: 5223:. 5192:. 5180:: 5120:. 5098:: 5067:. 5045:: 5014:. 4988:. 4935:. 4910:. 4898:: 4875:. 4869:: 4863:4 4839:. 4806:. 4777:. 4765:: 4742:. 4730:: 4703:. 4681:: 4654:. 4642:: 4619:. 4590:. 4584:: 4574:: 4568:3 4547:. 4535:: 4512:. 4500:: 4474:. 4452:: 4423:. 4401:: 4371:. 4351:: 4325:. 4284:. 4259:. 4233:. 4219:: 4209:: 4182:. 4168:: 4141:. 4121:: 4098:. 4074:: 4068:6 4044:. 4022:: 3992:. 3980:: 3958:. 3936:: 3909:. 3881:. 3855:. 3830:. 3798:. 3769:. 3747:: 3720:. 3708:: 3645:. 3625:: 3599:. 3577:: 3550:. 3528:: 3501:. 3477:: 3447:. 3426:. 3402:: 3375:. 3347:. 3311:. 3279:. 3243:. 3231:: 3203:. 3179:: 3143:. 3131:: 3097:. 3077:: 3047:. 2970:. 2824:) 2818:( 2813:) 2809:( 2805:. 2791:. 2678:. 2356:( 1496:/ 1487:/ 1436:/ 919:. 216:( 40:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Index