761:
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1198:
49:
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1256:. The program has developed safeguards for nuclear arsenals, guidelines for dismantling arsenals, plans of action should nuclear material fall into unauthorised hands, detection methods for stolen or missing nuclear material, and trade of nuclear material between the US and Russia. The GS&N's work overlaps with that of the Homeland Security Programs Office, providing detection of nuclear material and nonproliferation guidelines. Other areas concerning the Department Homeland Security include nuclear and radiological forensics,
733:
5490:
453:
295:
1008:, or grid, of population counts, which provides human population estimates every 30 x 30 arc seconds, which translates roughly to population estimates for 1 kilometer square windows or grid cells at the Equator, with cell width decreasing at higher latitudes. Though many population datasets exist, LandScan is the best spatial population dataset, updated annually. Landscan data are accessible through
574:
865:. Estimates of the total cost of clean-up were into the hundreds of millions of US dollars. The five older reactors were subjected to safety reviews in 1987, ordered to be deactivated until the reviews were complete. By 1989 when the High Flux Isotope Reactor was restarted, the US supply of certain medical isotopes was depleted. In 1989 the former executive officer of the
784:(AEC) required improved safety standards in the early 1970s for nuclear reactors, so ORNL staff wrote almost 100 requirements covering many factors including fuel transport and earthquake resistance. In 1972 the AEC held a series of public hearings where emergency cooling requirements were highlighted and the safety requirements became more stringent. Also in 1972,
40:
444:, and the developing Oak Ridge Science and Technology Park, although the four other facilities are unrelated to the National Laboratory. The total area of the reservation is 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi) of which the lab takes up 18 square kilometres (7 sq mi).
588:
was established with two courses in reactor operation and safety; almost 1,000 students graduated. Much of the research performed at ORNL in the 1950s was related to nuclear reactors as a form of energy production, both for propulsion and electricity. More reactors were built in the 1950s than in the
1025:
The laboratory has a long history of energy research; nuclear reactor experiments have been conducted since the end of World War II in 1945. Because of the availability of reactors and high-performance computing resources, an emphasis on improving the efficiency of nuclear reactors is present. The
1228:
There is a high-temperature materials lab at ORNL that permits researchers from universities, private companies and other government initiatives to use their facilities. As is the case for all designated user facilities, the resources of the High
Temperature Materials Laboratory are available for
1188:
The SNS has the highest intensity neutron pulses of any human-made neutron source. SNS was made operational in 2006 and has since been upgraded to 1 megawatt with plans to continue up to 3 MW. High-power neutron pulses permit clearer images of the targets, meaning smaller samples can be
1033:
and reduce dependence on foreign oil supplies. There are three key areas of research: electricity, manufacturing and mobility. The electricity division focuses on reducing electricity consumption and finding alternative sources for production. Buildings, which account for 39% of US electricity
1387:(EVEREST), a visualisation room with a 10 by 3 metre (30 by 10 ft) wall that displays 35 megapixel projections. Smoky is an 80 node Linux cluster used for application development. Research projects are refined and tested on Smoky before running on larger machines such as Titan.
1347:
platform that performed at 2.3 petaFLOPS in 2009. It was recognised as the world's fastest from
November 2009 until November 2010. Summit was built for Oak Ridge National Laboratory during 2018, which benchmarked at 122.3 petaFLOPS. As of June 2020, Summit was the world's second fastest
845:
for use in truck and high-tech car engines was performed, building upon the materials research that began in the nuclear reactors of the 1950s. In 1987 the High
Temperature Materials Laboratory was established, where ORNL and industry researchers cooperated on ceramic and alloy projects. The
1236:. The center emphasises discovery of new materials and the understanding of underlying physical and chemical interactions that enable creation of nanomaterials. In 2012, CNMS produced a lithium-sulfide battery with a theoretical energy density three to five times greater than existing
840:
The 1980s brought more changes to ORNL: a focus on efficiency became paramount. An accelerated climate simulation chamber was built that applied varying weather conditions to insulation to test its efficacy and durability faster than real time. Materials research into heat resistant
756:
called ORMAK, made operational in 1971, was the first tokamak to achieve a plasma temperature of 20 million Kelvin. After the success of the fusion experiments, it was enlarged and renamed ORMAK II in 1973; however, the experiments ultimately failed to lead to fusion power
1121:
of the United States. The program aims to make genetic improvements to the potential biomass used, formulate methods for refineries that can accept a diverse range of fuels, and to improve the efficiency of energy delivery both to power plants and end users.
911:
activities that span a wide range of scientific disciplines. Many research areas have a significant overlap with each other; researchers often work in two or more of the fields listed here. The laboratory's major research areas are described briefly below.
1081:. The US contribution to the ITER project is 9.1% which is expected to be in excess of US$ 1.6 billion throughout the contract. ORNL researchers participated in developing of an extensive research plan for the US-ITER collaboration detailed in 2022.
716:
of any reactor at the time. It improved upon the work of the X-10 reactor, producing more medical isotopes as well as allowing higher fidelity of materials research. Researchers in the biology division studied the effects of chemicals on mice, including
672:
and was presented at a 1964 United
Nations conference, but increases in the cost of construction and falling public confidence in nuclear power caused the plan to be shuttered. The Health Physics Research Reactor built in 1962 was used for
429:, formed in 2000 for that purpose. The annual budget is US$ 2.4 billion. As of 2021 there is a staff of 5,700 working at ORNL, around 2,000 of whom are scientists and engineers, and an additional 3,200 guest researchers annually.
549:
had fallen dramatically, and the future of the lab was uncertain. The X-10 reactor and the laboratory's 1,000 employees were no longer involved in nuclear weapons. Instead, it was used for scientific research. In 1946 the first
1065:, high-speed hydrogen pellet injectors, and suitable materials for future fusion research. Much research into the behaviour and maintenance of plasma takes place at the Fusion Energy Division to further the understanding of
800:. The mouse pups were born healthy. The technique is popular in the livestock industry, as it allows the embryos of valuable cattle to be transported easily and a prize cow can have multiple eggs extracted and thus, through
1383:. Titan performed at 17.59 petaFLOPS and held the number 1 spot on the TOP500 list for November 2012. Other computers include a 77 node cluster to visualise data that the larger machines output in the
760:
5972:
1993:
880:
Charles
Varnadore filed complaints against ORNL, alleging safety violations and retaliation by his superiors. While an administrative law judge ruled in Varnadore's favor, Secretary of Labor
1209:
to form a new material for their diesel engines that can withstand large temperature fluctuations. The new steel, named CF8C Plus, is based on conventional CF8C stainless steel with added
5365:
854:, was opened at ORNL. At the time, Holifield had the widest range of ion species and was twice as powerful as other accelerators, attracting hundreds of guest researchers each year.
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342:
Established in 1943, ORNL is the largest science and energy national laboratory in the
Department of Energy system by size and third largest by annual budget. It is located in the
1004:
Population: ORNL provides federal, state and international organizations with a gridded population database, called
Landscan, for estimating ambient population. LandScan is a
660:
Alvin M. Weinberg was named
Director of Research, ORNL, and in 1955 Director of the Laboratory. In the early 1960s there was a large push at ORNL to develop nuclear-powered
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programs develop more efficient materials, more accurate simulations of aging reactor cores, sensors and controls as well as safety procedures for regulatory authorities.
1252:
and other defense programs. The Global
Security and Nonproliferation (GS&N) program develops and implements policies, both US based and international, to prevent the
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also contracted the design of portable nuclear reactors in 1953 for heat and electricity generation in remote military bases. The reactors were produced by the
1968:
503:. In 1943, construction of the Clinton Laboratories, what would later be known as the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was completed. The site was chosen for the
1125:
The Center for
Molecular Biophysics conducts research into the behaviour of biological molecules in various conditions. The center hosts projects that examine
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in 1965 and has been used for materials research and as a major source of medical radioisotopes since. As of 2013, HFIR provides the world's highest constant
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4292:
3579:
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975:, the development of new radionuclide generator systems, the design and evaluation of new radiopharmaceuticals for applications in nuclear medicine, and
866:
4515:
196:
542:, which already operated two other facilities at Oak Ridge, took control of the laboratory and renamed the site Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
5808:
4549:
1860:
1303:(Oak Ridge Automatic Computer and Logical Engine), a computer to research nuclear physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. ORACLE had 2048
1217:; the result has better high–temperature properties and is easier to cast at a similar cost. In 2003 the partners received an R&D 100 award from
324:
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4317:
4167:
931:; molecular transformations and fuel chemistry; heavy element chemistry and radioactive materials characterization; aqueous solution chemistry and
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The Department of Energy was concerned with the pollution surrounding ORNL, and it began clean-up efforts. Burial trenches and leaking pipes had
17:
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for the first time, was produced in the HFIR as part of an international effort. HFIR is likely to operate until approximately 2060 before the
538:
temporarily re-assumed responsibility, with the site receiving the prestigious "National" laboratory designation, until in December 1947, when
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were produced in the X-10 reactor, and by 1950 almost 20,000 samples had been shipped to various hospitals. The quantity and variety of
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and took approximately 590 microseconds to perform addition or multiplication of integers. In the 1960s ORNL was equipped with an
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3005:
Greenfield, Charles; Collins, Cami; Workshop Participants (2023). "Report of the US ITER Research Program Research Needs Workshop".
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cut the breeder reactor program by two-thirds, leading to a downsizing in staff from 5,000 to 3,800. In the 1970s, the prospect of
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also contributed funding to three reactors, the lab's first computers, and its first particle accelerators. ORNL built its
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and the standard method of measuring floating point performance of a supercomputer as used by the TOP500 organisation.
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began with the construction of the reactor. It operated from 1966 until 1969 (with six months down time to move from
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1935:
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ORNL occupies about 10,000 acres (40 km) of the approximately 35,000 acres (140 km) Oak Ridge Reservation
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971:: research is focused on the development of improved reactor production and processing methods to provide medical
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as the world's most powerful. The lab is a leading neutron and nuclear power research facility that includes the
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out of ORNL to monitor forest ecology for the surrounding Appalachians & Cumberland Plateau Domain of NEON.
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and laser spectroscopy; separations chemistry; materials chemistry including synthesis and characterization of
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433:
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Findings of No Significant Impact and Final Environmental Assessment for the Y-12 Potable Water System Upgrade
825:. The project was an international effort: three electromagnets were produced in the US, one in Japan, one in
744:
In the late 1960s, cuts in funding led to the cancellation of plans for another particle accelerator, and the
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4059:. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. December 5, 2011. Archived from
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There are five campuses on the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge reservation: the National Laboratory, the
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Archaeological Survey with Emphasis on Prehistoric Sites of the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge Tennessee
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and the final by remaining European states. ORNL was involved in analysing the damage to the core of the
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plants, where deserts met the sea, to provide water. The project, called Water for Peace, was backed by
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cited for safety violations and ultimately led to additional whistleblower protection within DOE.
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of less government expenditure. In 1981, the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility, a 25 MV
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The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) researches the behaviour and fabrication of
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488:
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1343:-based system that performed at 25 teraFLOPS and received incremental upgrades up to the
899:'s goal of 1.5 kilograms per year by 2025 in order to sustain its space exploration programs.
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produced by X-10 for medicine grew steadily in the 1950s. ORNL was the only Western source of
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consumption as of 2012, are a key area of research as the program aims to create affordable,
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production which helped push annual production from 50 grams to 400 grams, moving closer to
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After the end of World War II, management of the lab was contracted by the US government to
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495:. During World War II, advanced research for the government was managed at the site by the
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1141:(NEON), which has a field office nearby. The Department of Energy works closely with the
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2096:"ORNL-TVA-UT partnership brings industries of the future to Oak Ridge-Knoxville region"
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free if the results are published; private research is permitted but requires payment.
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708:, while also producing fuel for other reactors as a byproduct of its own reaction. The
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3392:"ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor may be last reactor to convert to low-enriched fuel"
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2467:"Swords to Plowshares: A Short History of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1943–1993)"
2344:"Clinton Lab occupies many Y-12 buildings and becomes Oak Ridge National Laboratory"
2147:
2121:
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system broke the exascale barrier, achieving 1.102 exaflop/s using 8,730,112 cores.
589:
rest of the ORNL's history combined. One of their most influential projects was the
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2018:
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919:: ORNL conducts both fundamental and applied research in numerous areas, including
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The Fusion Energy Division pursues short-term goals to develop components such as
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1005:
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885:
814:, a fusion scientist. In 1977 construction began for 6 metre (20 foot)
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In January 2019 ORNL announced a major breakthrough in its capacity to automate
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1850:"Solving Big Problems: Science and Technology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory"
1821:
United States Department of Energy National Laboratories and Technology Centers
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and in 2009 received an award for "excellence in technology transfer" from the
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levels and the development of experimental devices in support of these studies.
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materials research budget at ORNL doubled after initial uncertainty regarding
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Administration, U.S. Department of Energy: National Nuclear Security (2006).
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In 1989 programmers at the Oak Ridge National Lab wrote the first version of
1352:, and 250 Petabytes of storage, having lost the top position to the Japanese
1320:
1295:, home to the fastest on several occasions. In 1953, ORNL partnered with the
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137:
3899:"Oak Ridge Claims No. 1 Position on Latest [TOP500] List with Titan"
3306:
1910:
1385:
Exploratory Visualization Environment for Research in Science and Technology
1165:
whereas SNS, a particle accelerator, produces pulses of neutrons. HFIR went
1113:. The BioEnergy Program aims to improve the efficiency of all stages of the
985:: research is focused primarily on studies of the fundamental properties of
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5201:
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5015:
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The Energy Efficiency and Electricity Technologies Program aims to improve
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operating mechanical hands at a hot cell at Oak Ridge, on October 19, 1958.
555:
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122:
5502:
3236:"Catalytic Mechanism of Cellobiohydrolase, CelS, on Cellulose Degradation"
1911:"Master Government List of Federally Funded R&D Centers | NCSES | NSF"
810:
In 1974 Alvin Weinberg, director of the lab for 19 years, was replaced by
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1161:(SNS). HFIR provides neutrons in a stable beam resulting from a constant
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331:, United States. Founded in 1943, the laboratory is now sponsored by the
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Brouner, Jennifer; McCorkle, Morgan; Pearce, Jim; Williams, Leo (2012).
1939:
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overturned that ruling. However, Varnadore's case saw prime contractor
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169:
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Martin, Douglas, Charles Varnadore, whistleblower at lab, dies at 71,
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732:
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3444:"Spallation Neutron Source First of Its Kind To Reach Megawatt Power"
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1657:
1210:
1174:
920:
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682:
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527:. The X-10 was the first reactor designed for continuous operation.
508:
375:
186:
4785:
2651:
5477:
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4844:
4503:
4498:
3580:"Global Security & Nonproliferation Programs Mission Factsheet"
3011:
2741:"Energy Efficiency and Electricity Technologies Program Fact Sheet"
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1344:
1340:
1214:
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certified buildings
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3285:"The Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator Pulsed Neutron Source"
1737:
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and Dr.John Swartout looking at a model of a graphite reactor at
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and has become the de facto standard for distributed computing.
1371:
that contains the machines. In 2012, Jaguar was upgraded to the
1367:
has overseen high performance computing at ORNL. It manages the
861:
beneath the lab, and radiation tanks were sitting idle, full of
519:
and his colleagues developed the world's second self-sustaining
4853:
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Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
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873:, became director of ORNL; he remained in the role until 2000.
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2469:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. April 8, 2006. Archived from
1054:, and the economic and environmental feasibility of potential
562:. ORNL scientists also performed the world's first successful
3848:"ORNL's Frontier First to Break the Exaflop Ceiling | TOP500"
3713:. American Society for Testing & Materials. p. 314.
3643:
3612:"Department of Homeland Security Programs – Key Competencies"
1328:
1133:, and simulate the effect of catalysis on a conventional and
1069:, a crucial area for developing a fusion power plant. The US
1013:
807:, have many more offspring than would naturally be possible.
59:
3710:
Thermal Transmission Measurements of Insulation: A Symposium
3186:"Biophysical origins of biomass recalcitrance to hydrolysis"
573:
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4679:
3337:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. April 2011. Archived from
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1962:"Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request"
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896:
437:
4012:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. September 1994. p. 1
3651:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. p. 1. Archived from
1129:
for biofuel production, use neutron scattering to analyse
4144:
Technical reports issued by Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3030:"Oak Ridge NEON — Open Data to Understand our Ecosystems"
2959:
2496:"ORNL contractor gives $ 25K to Weinberg memorial effort"
1376:
1009:
593:, a precursor to many modern nuclear power stations. The
5893:
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
4136:
3480:. US Department of Energy. February 2010. Archived from
2045:"The Department of Energy's National Laboratory Complex"
1038:
homes. Research also takes place into higher efficiency
4116:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
346:
section of Oak Ridge. Its scientific programs focus on
4182:
3930:"ORNL visualization lab gets $ 2.5M makeover, adds 3D"
752:
was strongly considered, sparking research at ORNL. A
2563:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2002. Archived from
2289:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2007. Archived from
1379:
are used for the majority of processing, and renamed
1016:
public domain application called Population Explorer.
294:
4293:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
4113:
Longing for the Bomb: Oak Ridge and Atomic Nostalgia
1189:
analysed and accurate results require fewer pulses.
943:
and other soft materials; chemical biosciences; and
5898:
Buildings and structures in Roane County, Tennessee
867:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
436:, the East Tennessee Technology Park (formerly the
472:was excavated. The site is currently inundated by
267:
5903:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
2222:"Labs at-a-Glance: Oak Ridge National Laboratory"
1268:, and simulations of potential national hazards.
468:, an archaeological site and burial mound of the
5879:
4338:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
4318:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
3024:
3022:
2042:
1398:on machines of differing specifications. PVM is
325:federally funded research and development center
3875:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3614:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3585:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3509:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3420:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3367:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3238:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3211:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3162:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3136:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3110:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3084:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
3058:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2901:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2869:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2746:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2717:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2688:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2533:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2267:. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
2236:
2198:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
2146:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from
456:Workers in 1943 loading uranium slugs into the
4275:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
4234:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
2278:
2276:
2274:
633:as a proof-of-concept for a proposed fleet of
5585:Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy
5518:
4801:
4663:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
4323:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
4168:
3019:
1348:supercomputer with 202,752 CPU cores, 27,648
1283:, developed at ORNL, was the world's fastest
1271:
1250:United States Department of Homeland Security
491:in 1942 on isolated farm land as part of the
442:Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
374:, sometimes in partnership with the state of
4263:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
4148:Technical Report Archive & Image Library
3873:"National Center for Computational Sciences"
3630:
831:Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
413:Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by
5675:Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
5532:
3793:"ORNL's Jaguar Claws its Way to Number One"
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2271:
2247:. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy.
1153:There are two neutron sources at ORNL; the
5733:School of Public Policy and Public Affairs
5525:
5511:
4808:
4794:
4175:
4161:
3557:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. June 2012
3475:"New Steel Advances Engine Exhaust System"
3365:"International team discovers element 117"
3326:
3324:
2858:
2856:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2122:"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Fact Sheet"
1842:
1319:and an IBM 360/65. In 1995 ORNL bought an
1205:Between 2002 and 2008 ORNL partnered with
1201:The Advanced Microscopy Laboratory at ORNL
47:
38:
4007:"PVM 3 User's Guide and Reference Manual"
3010:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2316:"Timeline of ORNL Science – construction"
2172:. US Department of Energy. Archived from
953:: the program investigates key issues in
53:Aerial view of ORNL's main campus in 2014
4283:National Nuclear Security Administration
4244:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
3823:"June 2018 | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"
3383:
2516:
1275:
1225:for the commercialisation of the steel.
1196:
1185:is considered unsafe for continued use.
759:
731:
639:
572:
451:
5938:Nuclear technology in the United States
5595:National Transportation Research Center
3986:Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
3956:Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
3921:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3321:
3307:"The High Flux Isotope Reactor at ORNL"
3209:"Enzymatic Mechanisms of MerA and MerB"
2953:
2853:
2773:"Program Areas – Building Technologies"
2709:
2707:
2257:
2162:
2036:
1835:
1796:National Transportation Research Center
1781:Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
1369:Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
1139:National Ecological Observatory Network
1137:. ORNL is home to a field site for the
523:after Fermi's previous experiment, the
403:Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
14:
5923:Military research of the United States
5880:
3927:
3765:
3675:
3673:
3574:
3572:
3555:"High Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries"
3389:
3160:"BioEnergy Program – Product Delivery"
2893:
2891:
2715:"Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division"
2392:
2380:. National Register of Historic Places
2375:
2371:
2369:
2367:
1878:
746:United States Atomic Energy Commission
586:Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology
534:; however, they withdrew in 1947. The
27:Laboratory in Tennessee, United States
5690:Education, Health, and Human Sciences
5506:
4815:
4789:
4156:
3276:
2490:
2488:
2338:
2336:
2188:
2124:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2012
2057:from the original on October 9, 2022.
1801:Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
1771:American Museum of Science and Energy
1356:supercomputer. In May 2022, the ORNL
677:experiments leading to more accurate
381:ORNL has several of the world's top
378:, universities and other industries.
4775:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
3766:Dunlap, Darren (November 16, 2006).
3499:
3462:
2956:"Fusion falters under soaring costs"
2733:
2704:
2093:
1986:
1974:from the original on October 9, 2022
1967:. Department of Energy. March 2019.
1866:from the original on October 9, 2022
902:
599:nuclear-powered submarines and ships
597:funded much of its development, for
5968:Cold War sites in the United States
3905:. November 12, 2012. Archived from
3799:. November 13, 2009. Archived from
3706:
3670:
3569:
3282:
3233:
3108:"BioEnergy Program – Biofeedstocks"
2888:
2864:"Fusion Energy Division Fact Sheet"
2364:
1143:Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
1075:Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
1073:office is at ORNL with partners at
24:
5928:Nuclear power in the United States
5273:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4184:United States Department of Energy
4104:
3768:"'Jaguar' Rises on TOP500 Listing"
3362:
2686:"Fuel Cycle and Isotopes Division"
2485:
2376:Rettig, Polly (December 8, 1975).
2333:
2043:Dimitri Kusnezov (July 18, 2014).
1938:. Oakridge.doe.gov. Archived from
1375:platform, a fundamental change as
1291:ORNL has been the site of various
1148:
1079:Savannah River National Laboratory
788:, a biologist at ORNL, froze with
740:, was gold plated for reflectivity
704:fuel) and proved the viability of
460:(now a National Historic Landmark)
333:United States Department of Energy
244:United States Department of Energy
25:
5999:
5555:Anthropological Research Facility
4375:Western Area Power Administration
4370:Southwestern Power Administration
4365:Southeastern Power Administration
4239:Energy Information Administration
4128:
3928:Munger, Frank (January 1, 2013).
3688:. Ballistic Research Laboratories
3206:
2598:
1425:
1365:Center for Computational Sciences
1254:proliferation of nuclear material
1173:as a result of various upgrades.
631:first molten salt reactor in 1954
438:Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant
5988:Research institutes in Tennessee
5948:1942 establishments in Tennessee
5489:
5488:
4252:
3679:
3134:"BioEnergy Program – Refineries"
2795:"Wind & Water Power Program"
2378:"X-10 Reactor, Graphite Reactor"
1335:list of supercomputers. In 2005
1287:from November 2018 to June 2020.
1063:high-temperature superconductors
293:
286:
5660:University of Tennessee Transit
4360:Bonneville Power Administration
4075:
4057:"PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine"
4049:
4032:"PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine"
4024:
3999:
3974:
3944:
3891:
3865:
3840:
3815:
3785:
3759:
3734:
3700:
3604:
3547:
3535:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3525:
3436:
3410:
3356:
3309:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3299:
3287:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3264:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3254:
3227:
3200:
3188:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3178:
3152:
3126:
3100:
3074:
3048:
2998:
2973:
2954:McGrath, Matt (June 17, 2009).
2947:
2917:
2841:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2831:
2819:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2809:
2797:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2787:
2775:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2765:
2678:
2656:
2644:
2618:
2592:
2579:
2549:
2308:
2251:
2214:
2136:
2114:
2087:
1248:ORNL provides resources to the
18:Oak Ridge National Laboratories
4352:Power Marketing Administration
3082:"BioEnergy Program – Our Role"
2258:Fielder, George F Jr. (1974).
2061:
2011:
1954:
1928:
1903:
1791:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1776:Brookhaven National Laboratory
736:The inside of ORMAK, an early
712:built in 1965 had the highest
694:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment
579:Molten Salt Reactor Experiment
434:Y-12 National Security Complex
13:
1:
5918:Military history of Tennessee
5888:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
5814:Women's swimming & diving
5687:Communication and Information
5605:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
3390:Munger, Frank (May 8, 2012).
2071:. UT-Battelle. Archived from
1890:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1857:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1394:(PVM), software that enables
1223:Federal Laboratory Consortium
792:, thawed and implanted mouse
566:in mice by suppressing their
419:limited liability partnership
317:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
33:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
5983:Superfund sites in Tennessee
5433:Oppenheimer security hearing
3686:Army Project No. 5803-06-002
2557:"Responding to Social Needs"
1786:K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant
1192:
859:contaminated the groundwater
540:Union Carbide and Carbon Co.
7:
5953:Battelle Memorial Institute
5933:Nuclear research institutes
5867:Pride of the Southland Band
5809:Men's swimming & diving
4196:James V. Forrestal Building
4110:Lindsey A. Freeman (2015),
3418:"Spallation Neutron Source"
3394:. Knox News. Archived from
2839:"Solar Energy Technologies"
2601:"Nuclear–Deep space travel"
1764:
1327:that performed at 154
1297:Argonne National Laboratory
1243:
1089:Biological research covers
782:US Atomic Energy Commission
611:American Locomotive Company
427:Battelle Memorial Institute
408:
74:; 81 years ago
10:
6004:
4768:Related Independent Agency
4385:National Laboratory System
4226:Deputy Secretary of Energy
4216:Deputy Secretary of Energy
2981:"ITER Procurement Sharing"
2628:. Ornl.gov. Archived from
2284:"Solving the Big Problems"
1886:"Solving the big problems"
1806:Sandia National Laboratory
1323:based computer called the
1272:High-performance computing
1084:
447:
360:high-performance computing
5852:
5824:Women's track & field
5741:
5714:
5668:
5623:
5570:High Energy Physics Group
5542:
5486:
5376:Bismuth phosphate process
5371:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
5358:
5327:
5260:
5049:
4918:
4832:
4823:
4767:
4662:
4383:
4350:
4336:
4291:
4273:
4261:
4250:
4224:
4190:
2817:"Geothermal Technologies"
2224:. US Department of Energy
2102:. Knoxville News Sentinel
1994:"Welcome to Roane County"
1811:Spallation Neutron Source
1177:-249, used to synthesize
1159:Spallation Neutron Source
1155:High Flux Isotope Reactor
1020:
710:High Flux Isotope Reactor
545:Post-war, the demand for
399:High Flux Isotope Reactor
395:Spallation Neutron Source
310:
281:
276:
262:
250:
237:
227:
178:
168:
156:
108:
96:
86:
68:
58:
46:
37:
5729:Institute of Agriculture
4344:Office of Nuclear Energy
4328:Office of Nuclear Energy
2899:"Fusion Energy Division"
2666:. Populationexplorer.com
2664:"Populationexplorer.com"
1528:Alston Scott Householder
1392:Parallel Virtual Machine
1331:and ranked third on the
909:research and development
848:Reagan's economic policy
637:, but it was never used.
501:Metallurgical Laboratory
5963:University of Tennessee
5908:Manhattan Project sites
5819:Men's track & field
5684:Business Administration
5678:Architecture and Design
5610:Stokely Athletic Center
5535:University of Tennessee
5453:S-1 Executive Committee
5401:Einstein–Szilard letter
4083:"The Linpack Benchmark"
3772:Knoxville News-Sentinel
2589:, August 5, 2013, p. B8
1816:Thorium Energy Alliance
1408:University of Tennessee
1183:reactor pressure vessel
1117:process to improve the
485:Army Corps of Engineers
483:was established by the
423:University of Tennessee
118:Biology and Environment
5715:Schools and institutes
4895:Salt Wells Pilot Plant
2531:"ORNL Review Timeline"
1831:, commissioned in 1944
1325:Intel Paragon XP/S 150
1288:
1202:
1044:geothermal electricity
821:, intended to control
777:
776:, on October 19, 1958.
774:Oak Ridge National Lab
764:S.R. Sapirie, Senator
741:
657:
581:
564:bone marrow transplant
489:Clinton Engineer Works
461:
110:Field of research
64:"Solving Big Problems"
5958:University of Chicago
5779:Women's cross country
5615:Thompson–Boling Arena
5473:X-10 Graphite Reactor
5428:Nobel Prize laureates
5298:509th Composite Group
4313:Office of Electricity
3646:"ORNL Review Vol. 45"
3533:"Science At The CNMS"
2019:"Maps and Directions"
1698:Nicholas M. Smith Jr.
1583:Herbert G. MacPherson
1553:William Rudolph Kanne
1414:software library and
1396:distributed computing
1279:
1238:lithium ion batteries
1200:
1103:computational biology
1031:air quality in the US
929:interfacial chemistry
763:
735:
643:
576:
536:University of Chicago
505:X-10 Graphite Reactor
497:University of Chicago
466:Freel Farm Mound Site
458:X-10 Graphite Reactor
455:
364:environmental science
302:Location in Tennessee
5978:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
5749:Tennessee Volunteers
5654:Tennessee Law Review
5381:British contribution
5283:Operation Peppermint
5278:Operation Crossroads
5137:Maria Goeppert Mayer
3487:on February 24, 2013
3371:on December 14, 2012
3242:on February 16, 2013
3215:on February 16, 2013
3056:"Biological systems"
2632:on December 14, 2012
2567:on February 24, 2013
2537:on February 21, 2004
2202:on February 14, 2013
1836:Notes and references
1688:Dorothy Martin Simon
1633:C. Maurice Patterson
1418:, used to calculate
852:particle accelerator
706:molten salt reactors
470:Late Woodland period
335:and administered by
329:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
5943:Supercomputer sites
5774:Men's cross country
5707:Veterinary Medicine
5550:Alumni Memorial Gym
5142:George Kistiakowsky
5097:Charles Critchfield
4207:Secretary of Energy
3909:on January 21, 2013
3879:on January 25, 2013
3424:on January 26, 2013
3344:on October 16, 2014
3166:on January 12, 2010
3140:on January 12, 2010
3114:on January 12, 2010
3088:on January 12, 2010
3062:on January 18, 2012
2905:on February 1, 2013
2692:on February 1, 2013
2504:. September 8, 2011
2473:on December 1, 2012
2296:on October 16, 2012
2150:on January 12, 2010
2069:"About UT-Battelle"
1543:Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz
1538:George Samuel Hurst
1463:Hermann Bottenbruch
1458:Lyle Benjamin Borst
1012:applications and a
951:Electron microscopy
687:radiation shielding
591:light-water reactor
208: /
34:
5839:Women's volleyball
5769:Women's basketball
5207:Henry DeWolf Smyth
4986:Robert Oppenheimer
4941:Priscilla Duffield
3962:on January 2, 2013
3707:Tye, R.P. (1978).
3618:on January 1, 2013
3592:on October 2, 2012
3262:"Neutrons at ORNL"
3234:Saharay, Moumita.
2753:on August 16, 2007
2094:Zacharia, Thomas.
1936:"Oakridge.doe.gov"
1758:Paula Cable-Dunlap
1693:David Joseph Singh
1643:Frances Pleasonton
1453:Everitt P. Blizard
1433:Elda Emma Anderson
1416:LINPACK benchmarks
1289:
1203:
1107:structural biology
1056:hydro power plants
778:
742:
675:radiation exposure
658:
635:long-range bombers
582:
507:, used to produce
462:
87:Research type
32:
5875:
5874:
5681:Arts and Sciences
5500:
5499:
5422:Los Alamos Primer
5411:Interim Committee
5366:African Americans
5318:The Great Artiste
5177:Isidor Isaac Rabi
5172:Norman Ramsey Jr.
4971:Franklin Matthias
4910:Heavy water sites
4817:Manhattan Project
4783:
4782:
4685:Kansas City Plant
4601:Pacific Northwest
4301:Office of Science
4203:Jennifer Granholm
4122:978-1-4696-2237-8
4063:on March 21, 2007
3803:on August 9, 2012
3682:"BRL Report 1961"
3450:. October 1, 2009
3398:on April 16, 2013
1723:Alvin M. Weinberg
1708:Stephen Streiffer
1663:Hyman G. Rickover
1618:Stephen E. Nagler
1608:G. William Morgan
1548:Sergei V. Kalinin
1350:Nvidia Tesla GPUs
1266:mass spectrometry
937:mass spectrometry
917:Chemical sciences
903:Areas of research
871:Alvin Trivelpiece
670:Lyndon B. Johnson
646:Lyndon B. Johnson
644:Cayce Pentecost,
619:Panama Canal Zone
493:Manhattan Project
372:national security
358:science, energy,
314:
313:
163:Stephen Streiffer
133:National Security
91:Multidisciplinary
16:(Redirected from
5995:
5764:Men's basketball
5642:The Daily Beacon
5536:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5504:
5503:
5492:
5491:
5443:Quebec Agreement
5227:John von Neumann
5167:George B. Pegram
4976:Dorothy McKibbin
4810:
4803:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4690:Nevada Test Site
4256:
4255:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4137:Official website
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4036:www.csm.ornl.gov
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3958:. Archived from
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3680:Weik, Martin H.
3677:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3658:on March 4, 2013
3657:
3650:
3641:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3332:"Neutron Review"
3328:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3207:Parks, Jerry M.
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2935:on June 20, 2013
2931:. Archived from
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2835:
2829:
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2813:
2807:
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2711:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2682:
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2673:
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2654:
2648:
2642:
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2639:
2637:
2622:
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2615:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
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2574:
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2547:
2546:
2544:
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2527:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2492:
2483:
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2480:
2478:
2463:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2373:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2176:on July 15, 2013
2170:"Oak Ridge Site"
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2144:"Who We Are Not"
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2075:on June 30, 2014
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1865:
1854:
1846:
1733:Ernest O. Wollan
1493:John H. Ebersole
1473:Thure E. Cerling
1468:Marilyn A. Brown
1448:Jane Blankenship
1406:of ORNL and the
1264:detection using
1262:biological agent
1219:R&D magazine
1207:Caterpillar Inc.
1163:nuclear reaction
969:Nuclear medicine
955:condensed matter
835:accident in 1979
823:fusion reactions
798:surrogate mother
650:Buford Ellington
577:The core of the
552:medical isotopes
547:military science
474:Melton Hill Lake
389:, ranked by the
337:UT–Battelle, LLC
297:
296:
290:
272:
269:
252:Operating agency
223:
222:
220:
219:
218:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
138:Nuclear research
104:
82:
80:
75:
51:
42:
35:
31:
21:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5848:
5737:
5725:Space Institute
5721:Graduate School
5710:
5664:
5619:
5600:Neyland Stadium
5538:
5534:
5531:
5501:
5496:
5482:
5448:RaLa Experiment
5354:
5323:
5288:Project Alberta
5256:
5252:Chien-Shiung Wu
5182:James Rainwater
5117:Richard Feynman
5107:John R. Dunning
5082:Norris Bradbury
5045:
5031:Stafford Warren
5001:William Purnell
4981:Kenneth Nichols
4961:Ernest Lawrence
4936:James B. Conant
4914:
4828:
4819:
4814:
4784:
4779:
4763:
4658:
4379:
4346:
4332:
4287:
4269:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4220:
4186:
4181:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4107:
4105:Further reading
4102:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4030:
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4025:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3642:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3513:on May 10, 2012
3505:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
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3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3283:Koehler, P. E.
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2925:"About US ITER"
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:on May 12, 2013
2873:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2721:on May 21, 2011
2713:
2712:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2650:LandScan Home,
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2626:"LandScan Home"
2624:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2476:
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2465:
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2393:
2383:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1942:on July 1, 2012
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1767:
1762:
1753:Thomas Zacharia
1623:Jagdish Narayan
1568:Clarence Larson
1563:Tamara G. Kolda
1533:Chun-Hway Hsueh
1503:John H. Gibbons
1438:Manson Benedict
1428:
1363:Since 1992 the
1274:
1246:
1195:
1157:(HFIR) and the
1151:
1149:Neutron science
1131:protein folding
1119:energy security
1087:
1052:wind generators
1023:
961:, chemical and
945:neutron science
925:surface science
905:
886:Martin Marietta
816:superconducting
790:liquid nitrogen
766:Albert Gore Sr.
685:, and improved
666:John F. Kennedy
654:Albert Gore Sr.
560:californium-252
521:nuclear reactor
487:as part of the
450:
411:
368:systems biology
352:nuclear science
306:
305:
304:
303:
300:
299:
298:
266:
253:
216:
214:
212:35.93°N 84.31°W
210:
207:
202:
199:
197:
195:
194:
193:
152:
143:Neutron Science
111:
103:US$ 2.4 billion
102:
78:
76:
73:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6001:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5834:Women's tennis
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5638:
5636:Air Force ROTC
5633:
5631:Notable people
5627:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5590:McClung Museum
5587:
5582:
5580:Hodges Library
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5530:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5507:
5498:
5497:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5391:Chicago Pile-1
5388:
5386:Calutron Girls
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5359:Related topics
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5222:Stanisław Ulam
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5157:Edwin McMillan
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5102:Harry Daghlian
5099:
5094:
5092:John Cockcroft
5089:
5087:James Chadwick
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:Charles Thomas
5008:
5006:Frank Spedding
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:James Marshall
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4946:Thomas Farrell
4943:
4938:
4933:
4931:Arthur Compton
4928:
4922:
4920:
4919:Administrators
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4759:Yucca Mountain
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
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4610:
4609:
4608:
4598:
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4596:
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4581:
4571:
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4564:
4554:
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4508:
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4457:
4452:
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4442:
4437:
4427:
4426:
4425:
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4415:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4199:
4198:
4194:Headquarters:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4141:
4130:
4129:External links
4127:
4126:
4125:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4074:
4048:
4023:
3998:
3973:
3943:
3920:
3890:
3864:
3852:www.top500.org
3839:
3827:www.top500.org
3814:
3784:
3758:
3733:
3720:978-0803105898
3719:
3699:
3669:
3629:
3603:
3568:
3546:
3524:
3498:
3461:
3435:
3409:
3382:
3363:Cabage, Bill.
3355:
3320:
3298:
3275:
3253:
3226:
3199:
3177:
3151:
3125:
3099:
3073:
3047:
3018:
2997:
2972:
2946:
2916:
2887:
2852:
2830:
2808:
2786:
2764:
2732:
2703:
2677:
2655:
2643:
2617:
2599:Ellis, Ellis.
2591:
2587:New York Times
2578:
2548:
2515:
2484:
2391:
2363:
2332:
2307:
2270:
2250:
2235:
2213:
2187:
2161:
2135:
2113:
2086:
2060:
2035:
2010:
1998:Roane Alliance
1985:
1953:
1927:
1902:
1877:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1813:
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1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Olaf Storaasli
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1683:Clifford Shull
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Larry Robinson
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Clarice Phelps
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1613:Karl Z. Morgan
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1558:Cresson Kearny
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Robert Coveyou
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:Leslie Benmark
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1426:Notable people
1424:
1420:linear algebra
1293:supercomputers
1273:
1270:
1245:
1242:
1194:
1191:
1150:
1147:
1111:bioinformatics
1086:
1083:
1067:plasma physics
1036:carbon-neutral
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1002:
980:
966:
948:
907:ORNL conducts
904:
901:
819:electromagnets
770:Lyndon Johnson
568:immune systems
525:Chicago Pile-1
449:
446:
410:
407:
383:supercomputers
312:
311:
308:
307:
301:
292:
291:
285:
284:
283:
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234:
231:
225:
224:
180:
176:
175:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
151:
150:
148:Supercomputing
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
114:
112:
109:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6000:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
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5406:Franck Report
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5268:Alsos Mission
5266:
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5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Robert Wilson
5240:
5238:
5237:Eugene Wigner
5235:
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5230:
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5217:Edward Teller
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5192:Glenn Seaborg
5190:
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5162:Mark Oliphant
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5152:Willard Libby
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4956:John Lansdale
4954:
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4951:Leslie Groves
4949:
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4146:digitized by
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3857:September 28,
3853:
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3824:
3818:
3802:
3798:
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3788:
3773:
3769:
3762:
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3742:"XP/S-MP 150"
3737:
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3534:
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3483:
3476:
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3466:
3449:
3448:Science Daily
3445:
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2064:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2003:September 17,
1999:
1995:
1989:
1978:September 30,
1970:
1963:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1895:September 17,
1891:
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1748:Gale J. Young
1746:
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1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Eugene Wigner
1726:
1724:
1721:
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1716:
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1713:Jan B. Talbot
1711:
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1706:
1704:
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1686:
1684:
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1679:
1678:Liane Russell
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
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1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Herman Postma
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Peter Nellist
1626:
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1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
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1588:William Madia
1586:
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1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Henri A. Levy
1571:
1569:
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1521:
1519:
1518:Michael Heath
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Jack Dongarra
1486:
1484:
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1479:
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1471:
1469:
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1423:
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1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:Jack Dongarra
1401:
1400:free software
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1339:was built, a
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:Intel Paragon
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1285:supercomputer
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
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1234:nanomaterials
1230:
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1199:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:quantum scale
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:, lower cost
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:
978:
974:
973:radioisotopes
970:
967:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
900:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
878:whistleblower
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:
813:
812:Herman Postma
808:
806:
805:fertilisation
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
775:
771:
767:
762:
758:
755:
751:
747:
739:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
679:dosage limits
676:
671:
667:
663:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
580:
575:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:radionuclides
553:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:from natural
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
459:
454:
445:
443:
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232:
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217:35.93; -84.31
192:
191:United States
188:
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177:
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171:
167:
164:
161:
159:
155:
149:
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71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5829:Men's tennis
5789:Women's golf
5652:
5640:
5604:
5478:Y-12 Project
5463:Smyth Report
5458:S-50 Project
5420:
5416:K-25 Project
5345:Pumpkin bomb
5316:
5309:
5302:
5232:John Wheeler
5202:Louis Slotin
5197:Emilio Segrè
5147:George Koval
5127:James Franck
5112:Enrico Fermi
5057:Luis Alvarez
5016:Paul Tibbets
4991:Deak Parsons
4573:
4111:
4092:November 10,
4090:. Retrieved
4077:
4067:November 10,
4065:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4035:
4026:
4016:November 10,
4014:. Retrieved
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:the original
3946:
3936:September 1,
3934:. Retrieved
3923:
3913:November 15,
3911:. Retrieved
3907:the original
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3877:the original
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:the original
3787:
3775:. Retrieved
3771:
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3736:
3726:February 19,
3724:. Retrieved
3709:
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3685:
3660:. Retrieved
3653:the original
3620:. Retrieved
3616:the original
3606:
3594:. Retrieved
3587:the original
3559:. Retrieved
3549:
3537:. Retrieved
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3511:the original
3507:"What We Do"
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3482:the original
3452:. Retrieved
3447:
3438:
3426:. Retrieved
3422:the original
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3396:the original
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3369:the original
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3339:the original
3311:. Retrieved
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:the original
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1856:
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1743:Herbert York
1673:Amy Rosemond
1648:Ward Plummer
1603:Dade Moeller
1593:Thomas Mason
1578:Dan Lindsley
1523:Linda Horton
1483:Sheldon Datz
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1028:
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1006:raster image
963:nanosciences
933:geochemistry
906:
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882:Robert Reich
875:
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743:
719:petrol fumes
714:neutron flux
692:In 1964 the
691:
662:desalination
659:
627:US Air Force
613:and used in
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529:
517:Enrico Fermi
479:The city of
478:
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380:
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341:
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5624:Campus life
5293:Silverplate
5247:Leona Woods
5212:Leo Szilard
5187:Bruno Rossi
5132:Klaus Fuchs
5036:Ed Westcott
5026:Harold Urey
4717:Rocky Flats
4670:Fernald NLO
3991:January 19,
3966:January 19,
3932:. Knox News
3883:January 19,
3832:October 31,
3807:November 9,
3777:November 9,
3692:November 8,
3662:November 2,
3622:January 23,
3596:January 23,
3561:January 20,
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3246:January 23,
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3066:January 22,
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2990:February 6,
2965:February 6,
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2823:February 6,
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2779:February 6,
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2571:January 22,
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2206:February 9,
2196:"About ORN"
2180:February 9,
2154:February 9,
2079:February 9,
1915:www.nsf.gov
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1498:Julie Ezold
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257:UT–Battelle
215: /
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5784:Men's golf
5565:Ayres Hall
5396:Demon core
5340:Little Boy
5261:Operations
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5050:Scientists
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4875:Los Alamos
4545:Los Alamos
4467:Brookhaven
4212:David Turk
3751:January 8,
3012:2303.12094
2501:Oak Ridger
2356:August 25,
2028:January 9,
1718:Arpad Vass
1508:Amit Goyal
1410:wrote the
1317:IBM 360/91
1179:tennessine
1127:cell walls
999:subnuclear
833:after the
768:, Senator
723:pesticides
683:dosimeters
623:Antarctica
401:, and the
5861:Rocky Top
5742:Athletics
5560:Arboretum
5438:Plutonium
5304:Enola Gay
5122:Val Fitch
5072:Aage Bohr
5021:Bud Uanna
4890:Oak Ridge
4574:Oak Ridge
4528:Livermore
4041:April 12,
1828:Oak Ridge
1658:Red Raper
1329:gigaFLOPS
1307:(80
1299:to build
1211:manganese
1193:Materials
1175:Berkelium
959:materials
921:catalysis
615:Greenland
509:plutonium
481:Oak Ridge
376:Tennessee
348:materials
187:Tennessee
183:Oak Ridge
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5804:Softball
5759:Baseball
5754:Football
5669:Colleges
5575:The Hill
5494:Category
5350:Thin Man
5311:Bockscar
4905:Wendover
4885:New York
4880:Montreal
4870:Inyokern
4845:Berkeley
4826:Timeline
4499:Fermilab
4430:Berkeley
3034:NSF NEON
2670:July 14,
2652:ornl.gov
2636:July 14,
2128:July 28,
2106:March 3,
2052:Archived
2023:ornl.gov
1969:Archived
1946:July 14,
1920:March 8,
1861:Archived
1765:See also
1358:Frontier
1341:Cray XT3
1258:chemical
1244:Security
1215:nitrogen
1167:critical
1099:genomics
1095:forestry
977:oncology
941:polymers
876:In 1992
843:ceramics
803:in vitro
532:Monsanto
425:and the
409:Overview
387:Frontier
179:Location
158:Director
5913:Uranium
5701:Nursing
5468:Uranium
5335:Fat Man
5328:Weapons
4900:Trinity
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4695:Area 19
4675:Hanford
4487:NSLS II
4398:Argonne
3982:"Smoky"
2929:US ITER
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1598:Jim May
1412:LINPACK
1115:biofuel
1091:ecology
1085:Biology
1048:heating
995:nuclear
989:at the
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794:embryos
757:plants.
754:tokamak
738:tokamak
727:tobacco
625:. The
607:US Army
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601:of the
513:uranium
448:History
440:), the
356:neutron
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263:Website
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1354:Fugaku
1337:Jaguar
1333:TOP500
1313:memory
1301:ORACLE
1281:Summit
1021:Energy
997:, and
991:atomic
987:matter
893:Pu-238
725:, and
621:, and
617:, the
605:. The
397:, the
391:TOP500
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4833:Sites
4707:NHHOR
4533:NARAC
4511:Idaho
4418:ATLAS
4010:(PDF)
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1014:USAID
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796:in a
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246:(DOE)
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4840:Ames
4754:Y-12
4749:WIPP
4727:ETEC
4722:SSFL
4680:K-25
4652:SSRL
4647:SLAC
4630:SRNL
4623:TFTR
4618:NSTX
4613:PPPL
4606:EMSL
4594:NCCS
4589:HFIR
4584:CNMS
4569:NREL
4557:NETL
4523:JLab
4516:RESL
4492:RHIC
4482:NSLS
4445:NCEM
4393:Ames
4306:OSTI
4118:ISBN
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4069:2012
4043:2022
4018:2012
3993:2013
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3938:2017
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3859:2022
3834:2018
3809:2012
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