90:, and satellite television platforms—the media through which companies have traditionally acted as controllers or distributors of such content. This content may include shows and movies for which the OTT acquired licensed rights from the content owner. Programming may also include original content produced by the service or specifically for it. OTT services also include a range of "skinny" television offerings by streaming platforms, such as
187:, which operate over managed networks where channels can be changed instantly and thus content available instantaneously, some OTT services such as iTunes require that the video be downloaded first and then played. Relatedly, some OTT services require movie download but can start playing the content before the download completes (
288:, remains the most popular OTT content. This signal is received over the Internet or through a cell phone network, as opposed to receiving the television signal from a terrestrial broadcast or satellite. The video distributor controls access through an app, a separate OTT dongle, or a box connected to a phone, PC, or
236:
any entity that provides video programming by means of the
Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP)-based transmission path where the transmission path is provided by a person other than the OVD. An OVD does not include an MVPD inside its MVPD footprint or an MVPD to the extent it is offering online
180:(CRTC), Canada's telecommunications regulator, stated that it "considers that Internet access to programming independent of a facility or network dedicated to its delivery (via, for example, cable or satellite) is the defining feature of what has been termed 'over-the-top' services".
343:
The results of a 2018 in-house data analysis of their subscribers by
Uscreen (a membership platform for video creators and entrepreneurs) reported that 45% used iOS and Android mobile devices to access their OTT content, while 39% used web browsers for streaming.
266:"). However, the ISP is not responsible for the viewing abilities, copyrights, and/or other redistribution of the content from the OTT provider. This model contrasts with the purchasing or rental of video or audio content from an
813:
926:
949:
3432:
3427:
1803:
1242:
292:
set. By mid-2017, 58 percent of US households would access one in a given month, and advertising revenues from OTT channels exceeded revenue from videos playing in web browsers on desktops and laptops.
2285:
1345:
1843:
1201:
IPTV is the delivery of television content using signals based on the logical
Internet protocol (IP), rather than through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal and cable television formats.
893:
3457:
1486:
3437:
916:
1891:
1180:
823:
701:
3417:
1272:
941:
3447:
177:
1795:
987:
838:
1250:
1302:
278:
and internet protocol television (IPTV). OTT refers to content from a third party that is delivered to an end-user, with the ISP simply transporting IP packets.
1141:
Annual
Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video Programming [Seventeenth Report; MB Docket No. 15-158; DA 16-510]
3422:
1380:
859:
1812:
262:(IP) packets and may be able to block or restrict their transit to end users (unless that internet provider operates within a jurisdiction that requires "
3474:
3452:
1355:
3365:
1833:
1730:
1649:
1618:
1220:
883:
597:
use open internet communication protocols to replace and sometimes enhance existing operator controlled services offered by mobile phone operators.
3442:
1072:
1921:
1114:
1050:
1463:
1147:
972:
1494:
3314:
505:, or apps for phones that transmit data in this manner, including both those that replace other call methods and those that update software.
1327:
1923:
627:
1862:
1527:
3293:
1557:
713:
199:
2765:
3049:
1700:
1769:
1172:
2137:
3003:
2941:
1520:"Why Startups Are Beating Carriers (Or The Curious Case Of The Premium SMS Horoscope Service & The Lack Of Customer Consent)"
1264:
3412:
3396:
3391:
3340:
1935:
1430:
3375:
3360:
3350:
3345:
3069:
632:
3355:
2877:
1580:
1913:
1294:
785:
1671:
Albergotti, Reed; MacMillan, Douglas; Rusli, Evelyn (20 February 2014). "Facebook's $ 18 Billion Deal Sets High Bar".
2755:
1764:
1594:
997:
195:
535:, that serves to replace text messaging on Internet connected smartphones. Other providers of OTT messaging include
2498:
1370:
353:
3233:
3286:
3203:
237:
video programming as a component of an MVPD subscription to customers whose homes are inside its MVPD footprint.
3515:
1824:
258:(MSO) in the control or distribution of the content. The Internet provider may be aware of the contents of the
3505:
3370:
2372:
1041:(CRTC), Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (3 October 2011).
2973:
2963:
2703:
1970:
17:
1722:
1641:
1610:
1212:
3510:
3319:
2649:
2436:
2198:
2044:
1885:
1757:"FCC Adopts 15th Report on the Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video Programming"
730:
617:
450:
435:
1781:
3324:
3279:
2245:
1586:
612:
607:
254:
is the audio, video, and other media content delivered over the
Internet, without the involvement of a
1110:
3033:
2002:
1958:
267:
80:
1453:
1140:
964:
296:
In 2019, the record of simultaneous users watching an OTT event was set at 18.6 million in India by
3018:
2968:
2902:
2797:
2634:
2515:
2084:
637:
502:
255:
203:
3525:
3028:
2958:
2882:
2832:
2802:
2770:
2562:
2535:
2122:
1673:
1324:
1042:
524:
420:
405:
56:
1796:"Over the top (OTT) Market Size Worth USD 128 Billion at CAGR of 14%, By 2026: Reports and Data"
3479:
2978:
2921:
2812:
2807:
1906:
1852:
1519:
44:
1549:
1243:"Over-the-Top Video and Content Delivery Networks Will Transform Video-On-Demand Provisioning"
3110:
2926:
2696:
2377:
2007:
1980:
1953:
1371:"LG's New TVs Mix Streaming Channels from Buzzfeed, GQ & Vogue with Traditional Networks"
1692:
3520:
3484:
3013:
2367:
1756:
1091:
321:
297:
285:
87:
64:
3152:
8:
3253:
2599:
2270:
2208:
2089:
735:
552:
1346:"Hotstar, Disney's Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership"
1095:
3095:
3054:
2936:
2389:
2330:
2223:
2165:
2109:
2049:
1375:
1146:(Report). Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission (FCC). pp. 4417–4587.
758:
647:
370:
149:
76:
48:
2614:
3223:
3023:
2946:
2892:
2887:
2844:
2193:
2145:
2094:
2022:
1975:
1899:
1590:
1487:"Can you hear me now? Verizon, AT&T to make voice-over-LTE interoperable in 2015"
1066:
993:
860:"Netflix Still on Top in Terms of Original Content, with 37% of All Movies and Shows"
512:
259:
153:
103:
95:
3074:
2983:
2782:
2718:
2671:
2520:
2384:
2104:
1963:
1880:
1838:
1458:
1013:
843:
702:"CTV, OTT, SVOD, AVOD, BVOD, FAST…What the Tech are all these digital TV acronyms?"
400:
301:
289:
137:
60:
2310:
1422:
3167:
3162:
3090:
2988:
2735:
2582:
2473:
2362:
2320:
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2218:
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1997:
1985:
1876:
1857:
1331:
864:
642:
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333:
325:
313:
275:
222:
188:
165:
110:
52:
3198:
2909:
2787:
2740:
2686:
2572:
2399:
2295:
2175:
2127:
2054:
1990:
1043:"Results of the fact-finding exercise on the over-the-top programming services"
709:
520:
365:
271:
263:
210:
141:
129:
99:
3499:
3188:
3008:
2837:
2723:
2458:
2240:
2069:
1927:
1550:"A Closer Look At Blackphone, The Android Smartphone That Simplifies Privacy"
839:"Streaming wars: Disney+, Netflix and Amazon to drive original content spend"
818:
622:
917:"Internet TV Skinny Bundle Market Gets More Crowded With Hulu's New Service"
814:"Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Disney+ dominate global SVOD viewing hours"
3100:
2998:
2827:
2644:
2411:
2335:
2260:
2213:
2150:
2064:
2059:
671:
498:
247:
3238:
2951:
2931:
2849:
2822:
2728:
2681:
2609:
2441:
2275:
2255:
2250:
2114:
2017:
1943:
989:
Startup
Valuation: From Strategic Business Planning to Digital Networking
556:
516:
430:
390:
337:
329:
114:
1403:
1090:. Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission (FCC). p. 251.
3218:
3213:
3208:
2587:
2478:
2463:
2340:
2012:
1948:
1350:
375:
226:
161:
157:
122:
109:
OTT content is delivered via the public
Internet instead of a closed,
3301:
3258:
3131:
3105:
3064:
2629:
2508:
2483:
2431:
2404:
2300:
2160:
2027:
1404:"What Is OTT: A Guide to Over-the-Top Streaming for Video Publishers"
1325:
Can the last person watching desktop video please turn out the light?
731:"Need to Know: What's the difference between OTT, CTV and streaming?"
570:
440:
3458:
List of
Canadian television stations available in the United States
2914:
2897:
2691:
2577:
2567:
2540:
2493:
2416:
2325:
2315:
2228:
2074:
965:"After Pushback, Amazon Cancels Plans for Skinny Television Bundle"
586:
574:
544:
532:
528:
445:
395:
360:
317:
218:
133:
91:
3059:
2993:
2817:
2792:
2760:
2639:
2604:
2525:
2468:
2155:
2099:
2039:
2032:
1786:
942:"Sling TV Is the Most Popular Skinny Bundle, in Over 2M US Homes"
455:
425:
380:
72:
27:
Service delivering television, film, and video over the
Internet
3157:
2854:
2708:
2624:
2550:
2530:
2503:
2446:
2426:
2305:
1820:
921:
888:
884:"Council Post: What Is OTT Advertising, And Why Is It A Trend?"
790:
590:
540:
475:
385:
214:
3248:
3243:
3193:
3172:
3147:
3126:
2750:
2745:
2713:
2676:
2666:
2557:
2488:
2451:
2421:
2394:
2235:
2079:
1018:
582:
578:
548:
536:
501:, for which all communications are charged as data, avoiding
470:
460:
415:
1922:
Cable, satellite, and other specialty television providers (
183:
In contrast to video on demand systems offered by cable and
3228:
2777:
2659:
2654:
2592:
2545:
2180:
1423:"OTT Content: What We Learned From 1.1 Million Subscribers"
566:
485:
465:
410:
184:
178:
145:
118:
2203:
497:
The term "OTT" has also been used to describe no-carrier
1670:
759:"What is OTT? The meaning of video streaming platforms"
1265:"Why 2011 Is Being Called The Year Of "The Cable Cut""
1853:"Platform subscription fee hikes weigh on consumers"
1642:"Over-The-Top Messaging Apps Overtake SMS Messaging"
3366:List of United States stations available in Canada
3315:List of local television stations in North America
1782:"OTT 101: The History and Future of OTT Streaming"
1334:, The Register, 8 Aug 2017 (retrieved 8 Aug 2017).
3302:Additional resources on North American television
3497:
3443:1989 South Florida television affiliation switch
519:provided by third parties, as an alternative to
198:(FCC) categorizes OTT services into two groups:
1295:"Who Is Playing The OTT Game And How To Win It"
1686:
1684:
1134:
1132:
933:
81:subscription-based film and television content
67:-based provider. The term is synonymous with "
3418:List of American cable and satellite networks
3287:
1907:
1813:"User Interface Holds the Key to OTT Success"
1173:"FCC Officially Launches OVD Definition NPRM"
985:
725:
723:
1924:multi-channel video programming distributors
1514:
1512:
1071:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
956:
628:Multichannel television in the United States
209:Virtual MVPDs include such services such as
1681:
1664:
1582:Digital Services in International Trade Law
1129:
908:
695:
693:
200:multichannel video programming distributors
3294:
3280:
1914:
1900:
914:
836:
720:
113:system that uses exclusive equipment like
1578:
1509:
1454:"What a No-Carrier Phone Could Look Like"
1401:
1395:
1368:
1085:
830:
699:
312:Consumers can access OTT content through
1484:
1109:Cansado, Jose Miguel (13 October 2008).
986:Moro-Visconti, Roberto (17 April 2021).
751:
690:
666:
664:
128:OTT services are typically accessed via
2942:Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment
1831:
1420:
1337:
1210:
1108:
1079:
975:from the original on 20 September 2020.
877:
875:
783:
492:
14:
3498:
3423:List of American over-the-air networks
1775:from the original on 7 September 2018.
1639:
1560:from the original on 19 September 2020
1530:from the original on 23 September 2020
1451:
1040:
939:
858:Arnold, Thomas K. (18 November 2022).
857:
811:
805:
347:
3475:Middle East, Africa, Asia and Oceania
3275:
1895:
1832:Willcox, James K. (21 October 2022).
1810:
1733:from the original on 14 February 2017
1652:from the original on 7 September 2015
1621:from the original on 22 February 2014
1343:
962:
881:
777:
661:
3376:2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment
3351:List of Canadian television channels
3346:List of Canadian television networks
3070:United States Satellite Broadcasting
1703:from the original on 28 January 2016
1611:"Chart of the Day: Mobile Messaging"
1466:from the original on 30 January 2021
1433:from the original on 2 November 2020
1383:from the original on 3 February 2017
1153:from the original on 26 October 2016
1088:Introduction to Video Search Engines
963:Wolfe, Bryan M. (15 November 2017).
872:
837:Irwin-Hunt, Alex (8 February 2023).
786:"The 10 Best OTT Streaming Services"
633:Over-the-top media services in India
3356:List of Canadian specialty channels
2878:Adelphia Communications Corporation
1834:"Guide to Streaming Video Services"
1723:"Apps Roundup: Best Messaging Apps"
1690:
1485:Fitchard, Kevin (3 November 2014).
1369:Roettgers, Janko (8 January 2016).
1183:from the original on 19 August 2017
1138:
1086:Gibbon, David C.; Liu, Zhu (2008).
117:, which is typically the case with
24:
1850:
1846:from the original on 11 June 2024.
1806:from the original on 14 July 2024.
1749:
1421:Johnson, James (24 January 2019).
1249:. 19 November 2009. Archived from
952:from the original on 29 June 2018.
896:from the original on 21 April 2022
307:
25:
3537:
1870:
1865:from the original on 2 June 2024.
1765:Federal Communications Commission
1693:"WhatsApp hits 900 million users"
1402:Grgurović, Marta (7 March 2024).
1305:from the original on 3 April 2016
1275:from the original on 3 April 2016
1223:from the original on 10 July 2011
929:from the original on 18 May 2024.
882:Tariq, Haseeb (8 February 2021).
700:McDermott, John (17 March 2022).
196:Federal Communications Commission
2898:MediaOne/Continental Cablevision
1811:Wells, Emma K. (11 March 2011).
1117:from the original on 6 June 2017
1053:from the original on 3 June 2017
812:Nissen, Keith (31 August 2023).
569:, capabilities, for instance, a
354:List of streaming media services
332:, desktop and laptop computers,
3325:North American TV mini-template
1715:
1691:Rao, Leena (4 September 2015).
1633:
1603:
1572:
1542:
1478:
1445:
1414:
1362:
1317:
1287:
1257:
1235:
1213:"Time Warner Goes Over the Top"
1204:
1195:
1165:
1102:
1034:
1006:
979:
915:Rosenblatt, Bill (4 May 2017).
3433:Local American TV stations (K)
3428:Local American TV stations (W)
1452:Weaver, Todd (1 August 2019).
1211:Hansell, Saul (3 March 2009).
851:
171:
13:
1:
3448:1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment
3371:2001 Vancouver TV realignment
1640:Maytom, Tim (4 August 2014).
1344:Singh, Manish (12 May 2019).
1111:"Will Internet TV Kill IPTV?"
940:Dreier, Troy (21 June 2017).
784:Wilbert, Max (20 June 2024).
654:
241:
3438:Spanish-language TV networks
2974:Graceba Total Communications
2964:Community Home Entertainment
2704:Racetrack Television Network
300:'s video streaming platform
7:
2199:Consolidated Communications
2045:Consolidated Communications
1851:Yi, Whan-woo (1 May 2024).
1777:(Announcement of adoption.)
618:Access-independent services
600:
10:
3542:
3361:Local Canadian TV stations
3019:TelePrompTer/Group W Cable
2246:North State Communications
1587:Cambridge University Press
613:Media aggregation platform
608:List of smart TV platforms
531:-owned mobile application
351:
252:over-the-top (OTT) content
232:The FCC defined an OVD as:
33:Over-the-top media service
3470:
3405:
3397:Local Mexican TV stations
3384:
3333:
3307:
3271:
3181:
3140:
3119:
3083:
3042:
3034:Windjammer Communications
2883:Alameda Power and Telecom
2870:
2863:
2349:
2284:
2174:
2136:
2003:Blue Ridge Communications
1959:Suddenlink Communications
1934:
1646:Mobile Marketing Magazine
1247:Electronic Component News
268:Internet service provider
204:online video distributors
55:, rather than through an
3453:2006 U.S. TV realignment
3254:Smithsonian Channel Plus
2969:FairPoint Communications
2903:Tele-Communications Inc.
2189:Cincinnati Bell Fioptics
2085:Northland Communications
1579:Willemyns, Ines (2021).
1177:Broadcasting & Cable
1014:"Definition of smart TV"
638:Content delivery network
503:monopolistic competition
256:multiple-system operator
79:which provide access to
3029:UA-Columbia Cablevision
2959:Cobridge Communications
2123:TruVista Communications
1674:The Wall Street Journal
525:mobile network operator
523:services provided by a
37:over-the-top television
2979:Insight Communications
2922:Bresnan Communications
2808:Warner Bros. Discovery
1886:OTT Platform Providers
1585:. Cambridge, England:
239:
3516:Internet broadcasting
3153:HD HomeRun Premium TV
3111:Virtual Digital Cable
2927:Bright House Networks
2516:The Criterion Channel
1981:Grande Communications
1954:Optimum (TV/Internet)
322:digital media players
234:
3506:Streaming television
3014:Rapid Communications
2828:Food Network Kitchen
2619:Kino Film Collection
1802:. 1 September 2021.
1556:. 26 February 2014.
1358:on 28 December 2019.
1301:. 30 December 2010.
1271:. 30 December 2010.
1179:. 19 December 2014.
555:and the now defunct
527:. An example is the
493:Mobile communication
298:Disney Entertainment
286:streaming television
86:OTT bypasses cable,
2600:Hallmark Movies Now
2432:IFC Films Unlimited
2378:Lifetime Movie Club
2209:Frontier FiberOptic
2090:Liberty Puerto Rico
1497:on 11 November 2020
1096:2008ivse.book.....G
736:Nielsen Corporation
716:on 1 December 2023.
348:Streaming platforms
150:video game consoles
49:directly to viewers
3511:Digital television
3199:Comedy Central Now
3055:GlobeCast World TV
2937:Champion Broadband
2893:AT&T Broadband
2331:Spectrum TV Stream
2271:Windstream Kinetic
2166:Headend in the Sky
2110:SRT Communications
2050:Cox Communications
1888:at OTTBusiness.com
1729:. 4 October 2016.
1330:2017-08-08 at the
1217:The New York Times
1139:FCC (6 May 2016).
765:. 29 February 2024
648:Multi-screen video
573:or as provided by
371:Amazon Prime Video
314:Internet-connected
284:, commonly called
194:The United States
154:personal computers
121:services (such as
104:specialty channels
77:Amazon Prime Video
69:streaming platform
3493:
3492:
3466:
3465:
3413:American networks
3341:Canadian networks
3267:
3266:
3024:Time Warner Cable
2888:Astound Broadband
2845:WOW Presents Plus
2741:Shout! Factory TV
2241:NEP Datastream TV
2146:Claro Puerto Rico
2095:Satview Broadband
2023:Buckeye Broadband
1976:Astound Broadband
1526:. 25 March 2013.
1323:Andrew Orlowski;
565:, usually called
563:OTT voice calling
513:instant messaging
260:Internet Protocol
138:streaming devices
96:Hulu with Live TV
16:(Redirected from
3533:
3392:Mexican networks
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3163:TVision Live TV+
3091:AT&T U-verse
3075:Voom HD Networks
2984:Jones Intercable
2868:
2867:
2672:Paramount Global
2521:Curiosity Stream
2363:A&E Networks
2119:Troy Cablevision
1998:AT&T Alascom
1964:Service Electric
1916:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1866:
1847:
1839:Consumer Reports
1828:
1827:on 18 June 2011.
1823:. Archived from
1807:
1791:
1790:. 20 April 2021.
1776:
1774:
1768:. 19 July 2013.
1761:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1615:Business Insider
1607:
1601:
1600:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1493:. Archived from
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1354:. Archived from
1341:
1335:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1299:Business Insider
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1269:Business Insider
1261:
1255:
1254:
1253:on 5 March 2012.
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1010:
1004:
1003:
983:
977:
976:
960:
954:
953:
937:
931:
930:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
879:
870:
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844:fDi Intelligence
834:
828:
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822:. Archived from
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712:. Archived from
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316:devices such as
290:smart television
132:with integrated
47:service offered
21:
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3329:
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3300:
3263:
3177:
3168:PlayStation Vue
3136:
3115:
3101:Google Fiber TV
3079:
3038:
2989:King Videocable
2859:
2736:Samsung TV Plus
2583:Fox Corporation
2354:
2352:
2345:
2287:
2280:
2266:Whidbey Telecom
2219:Hawaiian Telcom
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2040:Comcast Xfinity
1986:RCN Corporation
1930:
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1858:The Korea Times
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1750:Further reading
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1332:Wayback Machine
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739:. February 2024
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678:. 13 April 2023
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643:Home theater PC
603:
495:
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481:YouTube Premium
401:Disney+ Hotstar
356:
350:
326:gaming consoles
310:
308:Modes of access
276:video on demand
244:
174:
130:television sets
111:private network
98:, that provide
53:public Internet
35:(also known as
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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710:The Trade Desk
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672:"What is OTT?"
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272:pay television
264:net neutrality
243:
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223:Hulu + Live TV
211:DirecTV Stream
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152:, websites on
142:Amazon Fire TV
43:) refers to a
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2412:AMC Networks
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3204:DC Universe
3120:Terrestrial
3096:CenturyLink
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2932:Cablevision
2850:WWE Network
2729:Crunchyroll
2610:Kino Lorber
2474:Brown Sugar
2390:Prime Video
2276:Ziply Fiber
2256:TDS Telecom
2115:TDS Telecom
2018:Broadstripe
2008:Blue Stream
1944:Adams Cable
1737:14 February
1727:Tom's Guide
1625:10 February
1408:TargetVideo
1387:26 December
1157:26 December
706:The Current
557:Google Allo
517:online chat
391:Crunchyroll
338:smartphones
172:Definitions
162:smartphones
136:platforms,
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3209:DramaFever
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1949:Altice USA
1817:Pay OTT TV
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1554:TechCrunch
1524:TechCrunch
1491:gigaom.com
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1351:TechCrunch
655:References
499:cellphones
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352:See also:
270:, such as
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2464:Apple TV+
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318:smart TVs
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894:Archived
769:12 April
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601:See also
587:WhatsApp
575:FaceTime
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140:such as
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