731:
841:
1041:
651:
and transported to a disposal site for low-level radioactive waste and get buried according to waste procedures. The second option is to defuel the nuclear reactor, disassemble the submarine propulsion plant, install vents in the nonreactor compartments and fill the reactor compartment. After sealing the submarine it can then be towed to a designated deep-sea disposal site, be flooded and settle intact on the sea floor. This last option has been considered by some navies and countries in the past. However, while sea disposal is cheaper than land disposal the uncertainty regarding regulations and international law, such as the
3730:
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1888:
115:
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1918:
902:
3758:
3523:
3699:
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3671:
3399:
3612:
3327:
1903:
668:
3643:
3366:
40:
3298:
980:
1096:
129:
445:
642:
or mothballed for some time and eventually scrapped, others are disposed of immediately. Countries operating nuclear submarines have different strategies when it comes to decommissioning nuclear submarines. Nonetheless, the effective disposal of nuclear submarines is costly, in 2004 it was estimated to cost around 4 billion dollars.
395:
was the first all-British nuclear submarine. Further technology transfers from the United States made Rolls-Royce entirely self-sufficient in reactor design in exchange for a "considerable amount" of information regarding submarine design and quietening techniques transferred from the United
Kingdom
650:
Generally there are two options when it comes to decommissioning nuclear submarines. The first option is to defuel the nuclear reactor and remove the material and components that contain radioactivity, after which the hull section containing the nuclear reactor will then be cut out of the submarine
641:
The useful lifetime of a nuclear submarine is estimated to be approximately 25 to 30 years, after this period the submarine will face fatigue and corrosion of components, obsolescence and escalating operating costs. The decommissioning of these submarines is a long process; some are held in reserve
620:
weakness of nuclear submarines is the need to cool the reactor even when the submarine is not moving; about 70% of the reactor output heat is dissipated into the sea water. This leaves a "thermal wake", a plume of warm water of lower density which ascends to the sea surface and creates a "thermal
77:, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines. The large amount of power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long periods, and the long interval between
491:
Today, six countries deploy some form of nuclear-powered strategic submarines: the United States, Russia, the United
Kingdom, France, China, and India. Several other countries including Brazil and Australia have ongoing projects in various phases to build nuclear-powered submarines.
603:
The nuclear reactor also supplies power to the submarine's other subsystems, such as for maintenance of air quality, fresh water production by distilling salt water from the ocean, temperature regulation, etc. All naval nuclear reactors currently in use are operated with
612:
removal, as well as enough electric power to supply an emergency propulsion mechanism. Submarines may carry nuclear fuel for up to 30 years of operation. The only resource that limits the time underwater is the food supply for the crew and maintenance of the vessel.
1880:, 2012: the submarine's forward compartment was destroyed by an arsonist-set fire while in shipyard, causing damage with an estimated $ 700 million in repair costs. While repairs were initially planned upon, due to budget cuts the boat was subsequently scrapped.
1744:, 1963: was lost during deep diving tests with 129 crew and shipyard personnel on board; later investigation concluded that failure of a brazed pipe joint and ice formation in the ballast blow valves prevented surfacing. The accident motivated a
3047:
Ross Heath, G.; Rea, David K.; Ness, Gordon; Dale
Pillsbury, R.; Beasley, Thomas M.; Lopez, Carlos; Talbert, Daniel M. (1984). "Oceanographic studies supporting the assessment of deep-sea disposal of defueled decommissioned nuclear submarines".
89:
have somewhat ameliorated this disadvantage. The high cost of nuclear technology means that relatively few of the world's military powers have fielded nuclear submarines. Radiation incidents have occurred within the Soviet submarines, including
300:. In 1956, the first Soviet propulsion reactor designed by his team began operational testing. Meanwhile, a design team under Vladimir N. Peregudov worked on the vessel that would house the reactor. After overcoming many obstacles, including
652:
600:(often greater than 20%) to enable them to deliver a large amount of power from a smaller reactor and operate longer between refuelings – which are difficult due to the reactor's position within the submarine's pressure hull.
84:
The limited energy stored in electric batteries means that even the most advanced conventional submarine can remain submerged for only a few days at slow speed, and only a few hours at top speed, though recent advances in
165:
Construction of the world's first nuclear-powered submarine was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers in the United States at the
1848:, 2001: the American submarine surfaced underneath the Japanese training vessel. Nine Japanese crewmembers, students, and teachers were killed when their ship sank as a result of the collision.
3195:
633:, and the reactor pump (used to circulate reactor coolant), also creates noise, as opposed to a conventional submarine, which can move about on almost silent electric motors.
2701:
433:(Hotel class), commissioned in November 1960. However, this class carried the same three-missile armament as the Golfs. The first Soviet SSBN with 16 missiles was the
1836:
in the forward torpedo room led to the detonation of a torpedo warhead, which in turn triggered the explosion of half a dozen other warheads about two minutes later.
488:). From the late 1950s through the end of 1997, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, built a total of 245 nuclear submarines, more than all other nations combined.
2575:
3105:
407:(SSB), greatly improving their ability to remain submerged and undetected. The world's first operational nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) was
730:
1812:, 1983: the sub sank to the ocean bottom due to flooding from improper rig-for-dive and shipyard errors but was later recovered; 16 crewmen were killed.
2848:
2601:
3591:
3101:
481:
2676:
1610:
resulting in 8 deaths and more than 30 other people being over-exposed to radiation. The events on board the submarine are dramatized by the film
656:
354:
were of
British design and construction, although the hull form and construction practices were influenced by access to American designs. During
2009:
1624:, 1965: both reactors were damaged during refueling while lifting the reactor vessel heads; reactor compartments scuttled off the east coast of
81:
grants a virtually unlimited range, making the only limits on voyage times being factors such as the need to restock food or other consumables.
2770:
400:
class provided the Royal Navy with an advantage in submarine silencing that the United States Navy did not introduce until considerably later.
2267:
the
British made important contributions to U.S. submarine design, such as the concept of rafting for silencing and initial types of pump-jets
1570:
91:
2064:
1683:, 1980: the Papa-class submarine had a reactor accident during maintenance in the shipyard while the ship's naval crew had left for lunch.
2893:
1691:, 1982: the Alfa-class submarine reactor core damaged by liquid-metal coolant leak; the sub was forced out of commission for eight years.
2343:
3080:
Tsypin, S.G.; Lysenko, V.V.; Orlov, Yu. V.; Koryakin, O.A. (1993). "Radiation inspection of the decommissioning of atomic submarines".
289:
3211:
3204:
2422:
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2094:
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missiles, which conducted the first SSBN deterrent patrol
November 1960 – January 1961. The Soviets already had several SSBs of the
380:, developed a completely new British nuclear propulsion system. In 1960, the UK's second nuclear-powered submarine was ordered from
3021:
Jackson Davis, W.; Van Dyke, Jon M. (1990). "Dumping of decommissioned nuclear submarines at sea: A technical and legal analysis".
2936:
2924:
1839:
1707:, 1986: suffered an explosion and fire in a missile tube, eventually leading to a reactor accident; a 20-year-old enlisted seaman,
2450:
370:
362:
2365:
273:. The submarine was 320 feet (98 m) long and cost about $ 55 million. Recognizing the utility of such vessels, the British
1759:
366:
206:
175:
3584:
3253:
3147:
3070:
2484:
2222:
1983:
1788:, 1969: sank while pier-side in shipyard due to improper ballasting. The submarine was eventually completed and commissioned.
284:
soon followed the United States in developing nuclear-powered submarines in the 1950s. Stimulated by the U.S. development of
3311:
1804:, 1973: a collision with another Soviet vessel led to flooding of the battery well and many crew deaths due to chlorine gas.
3191:
2185:
529:
2626:
536:
is the only nuclear-powered submarine in the world ever to have engaged an enemy ship with torpedoes, sinking the cruiser
3799:
347:
2745:
2651:
3386:
1815:
1764:, 1967: the first Soviet nuclear submarine experienced a fire associated with the hydraulic system, killing 39 sailors.
1577:. Reactor accidents that resulted in core damage and release of radioactivity from nuclear-powered submarines include:
1443:
17:
840:
3186:
3166:
3011:
2989:
2290:
2246:
2173:
2148:
2136:
1699:, 1985: a reactor accident while refueling resulted in 10 fatalities and 49 other people suffered radiation injuries.
1559:
1511:
1345:
1287:
460:, approximately five to ten nuclear submarines were being commissioned from each of the four Soviet submarine yards (
3617:
3577:
3332:
3231:
1966:
1078:
1013:
961:
408:
30:
This article is about submarines powered by nuclear energy. For submarines carrying strategic nuclear weapons, see
1796:, 1970: a fire and a towing accident resulted in the sub sinking and the loss of all 52 crewmen remaining aboard.
1539:
1305:
594:
525:
301:
236:
195:
2451:"Australia to acquire nuclear submarines as part of historic deal with US and UK to counter China's influence"
2964:
Antipov, S.V.; Koroleva, N.S. (2004). "International collaboration on salvaging nuclear-powered submarines".
1827:
1336:
437:, the first of which entered service in 1967, by which time the US had commissioned 41 SSBNs, nicknamed the "
1651:, 1968: the reactor was damaged following an uncontrolled, automatic increase in power during shipyard work.
1128:
3794:
2845:
2391:
1799:
1686:
708:
3034:
Mitenkov, F.M.; Aksenov, E.I.; Vavilkin, V.N.; Sandler, N.G. (1997). "Decommissioning atomic submarines".
1598:, 1961: the reactor compartment was replaced due to unspecified "breakdown of reactor protection systems".
3600:
3536:
2898:
1937:
1859:
1637:
1296:
1000:
919:
693:
404:
66:
31:
1593:
544:
3656:
3461:
1954:
1949:
1480:
953:
833:
86:
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in the world have involved nuclear submarine mishaps. To date, all of these were units of the former
3495:
3246:
3065:. NATO Science Partnership Subseries 1: Disarmament Technologies. Vol. 24. Dordrecht: Springer.
2800:
1960:
1724:
1662:
1659:, 1970: an uncontrolled start-up of the ship's reactor led to a fire and the release of radioactivity
1496:
1488:
1327:
1161:
1082:
876:
629:. Another problem is that the reactor is always running, creating steam noise, which can be heard on
590:
244:
212:
159:
147:
74:
2045:
1667:, 1970: suffered a loss-of-coolant accident in the port reactor; substantial radioactivity released.
3743:
3550:
3113:
2825:
1917:
1832:, 2000: lost at sea with all 118 crewmen on board; the generally accepted theory is that a leak of
1753:
1607:
1587:
1387:
1318:
1268:
1186:
1040:
969:
884:
858:
823:
748:
721:
608:
as a backup power system. These engines are able to provide emergency electrical power for reactor
317:
232:
2677:"Much improved & bigger 3rd Generation S5 SSBN of the Indian Navy to enter production in 2027"
1887:
3684:
3543:
2778:
1711:, sacrificed his life to secure one of the onboard reactors. The submarine sank three days later.
1654:
1533:
1472:
1430:
1371:
1113:
1088:
795:
713:
449:
2072:
308:
leaks, and other difficulties, the first nuclear submarine based on these combined efforts, K-3
3557:
3502:
3444:
3439:
1851:
1807:
1781:
1767:
1737:
1714:
1702:
1694:
1678:
1646:
1463:
1435:
1415:
1277:
1258:
1219:
892:
816:
800:
780:
434:
336:
258:
179:
118:
99:
78:
44:
2903:
2602:"Big News: India quietly launches S4 SSBN, prepares it for sea trials, S4-star to follow soon"
2476:
1675:, 1972: the first Alfa-class liquid-metal cooled reactor failed; reactor compartment scrapped.
3717:
3712:
3468:
3456:
3449:
3379:
3276:
3063:
Analysis of Risks
Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal
2351:
1978:
1670:
1631:
1619:
1601:
1546:
1526:
1425:
1420:
1400:
1392:
1361:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1201:
1177:
945:
927:
810:
805:
790:
785:
775:
770:
469:
430:
423:
217:
69:. Nuclear submarines have considerable performance advantages over "conventional" (typically
3771:
3239:
3201:
2719:
2428:
2322:
1902:
1791:
1612:
1581:
1451:
1410:
1405:
702:
537:
419:
70:
3223:
An online exhibition from the
National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
8:
2101:
1873:
500:
297:
266:
3182:
2804:
3763:
3630:
3625:
3528:
3352:
3346:
3340:
1856:, 2003: sank in the Barents Sea while being towed to be scrapped, killing nine crewmen.
1137:
1062:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
686:
617:
485:
389:
255:
143:
2872:
3162:
3143:
3136:
3066:
3007:
2985:
2480:
2286:
2242:
2218:
2169:
2132:
1833:
521:
514:
381:
274:
187:
3261:
2344:"Submarine Milestones – Largest Subs; 1981: Typhoon Class (Soviet and Russian)]"
1643:, resulting in 9 fatalities and 83 other injuries; scuttled in the Kara Sea in 1982.
3412:
2652:"Russia may delay handover of the new leased Akula class SSN (Chakra-III) to India"
1943:
1122:
605:
560:
507:
473:
240:
559:
The main difference between conventional submarines and nuclear submarines is the
3227:
On
Eternal Patrol, website listing all US submarines and submariners lost on duty
3215:
3208:
2999:
2977:
2852:
2280:
2212:
1752:
was the first of only two submarines to exceed 100 onboard deaths, joined by the
1708:
622:
564:
477:
415:
385:
171:
114:
62:
3220:
2189:
495:
In the United
Kingdom, all former and current nuclear submarines of the British
3303:
2369:
1150:
568:
438:
332:
167:
3159:
Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines
1774:, 1968: was lost at sea, evidently due to implosion upon sinking. What caused
288:, Soviets began work on nuclear propulsion reactors in the early 1950s at the
3788:
2046:"Deadliest radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties"
1625:
997:
583:
548:
2627:"WATCH: Latest Satellite Image Reveals Arihant-class S3 & S4 SSBN boats"
901:
235:
was assigned to build its reactor. After the submarine was completed at the
3704:
3431:
1963: – Propulsion system for marine vessels utilizing a nuclear powerplant
1640:
1574:
764:
597:
465:
281:
225:
191:
3569:
1870:
in the Pacific Ocean. A crew member was killed and 23 others were injured.
671:
Submarines equipped with ballistic missiles are operated by six countries.
3676:
3648:
3404:
3371:
1821:
1074:
939:
760:
575:
343:
325:
201:
95:
3106:"China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force: Insights from Chinese Writings"
3735:
3487:
870:
609:
496:
422:(Golf class) and were only a year behind the US with their first SSBN,
155:
667:
3509:
3284:
2424:
Brazil's Pursuit of a Nuclear Submarine Raises Proliferation Concerns
1972:
572:
305:
270:
151:
58:
2746:"AUKUS: US, UK Australia announce nuclear powered submarine project"
2702:"Brazil take first step in program to join nuclear-powered sub club"
2873:"Chap. 8: Nuclear submarine accidents – The Russian Northern Fleet"
2576:"Économie de la mer. SNLE 3G: la mise en chantier prévue pour 2023"
2477:
Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th century
1969: – Symbol for nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine
1867:
457:
377:
142:
The idea for a nuclear-powered submarine was first proposed in the
1745:
461:
293:
39:
3262:
Current and planned classes of nuclear-powered attack submarines
2399:
979:
182:
authorized construction of the first nuclear-powered submarine,
98:
and iterations of designs have operated without incidents since
3046:
1426:
Project 667BD, Murena-M (Delta II) ballistic missile submarines
776:
Project 667BDRM, Delfin (Delta IV) ballistic missile submarines
771:
Project 667BDR, Kalmar (Delta III) ballistic missile submarines
3226:
3142:(Hardcover ed.). New York: Basic Books by Perseus Press.
3033:
1975: – Watercraft capable of independent underwater operation
2323:"Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667A"
630:
579:
2214:
The Silent Deep: The Royal Navy Submarine Service Since 1945
2129:
Vanguard to Trident; British Naval Policy since World War II
1167:
the first 6,000 tonnes attack submarine, under construction.
1095:
567:
for this task. They either generate electricity that powers
296:, under Anatoliy P. Alexandrov, later to become head of the
1421:
Project 667B, Murena (Delta I) ballistic missile submarines
1354:
626:
444:
403:
Nuclear power proved ideal for the propulsion of strategic
321:
134:
128:
3161:(Paperback ed.). Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc.
3079:
3061:
Sarkisov, Ashot A.; Tournyol du Clos, Alain, eds. (1999).
3156:
3004:
U.S. submarines since 1945: an illustrated design history
2799:
2210:
587:
265:, on 30 September 1954. On 17 January 1955, she departed
3060:
2420:
2186:"Submarine History 1945–2000: A Timeline of Development"
2048:. Database of Radiological Incidents and Related Events.
1007:
132:
The smallest nuclear-powered submarine, the U.S. Navy's
2805:"Fukushima, Flawed Epistemology, and Black-Swan Events"
2010:"The Future Role of Nuclear Propulsion in the Military"
3099:
1636:, 1968: experienced reactor core damage to one of its
1103:, the indigenous nuclear submarine of the Indian navy.
532:) where construction of nuclear submarines continues.
3020:
2771:"STATEMENT OF ADMIRAL F. L. "SKIP" BOWMAN, U.S. NAVY"
2282:
The End Of An Era: The Memoirs Of a Naval Constructor
2168:, Captain John E. Moore RN, Jane's Publishing, 1979,
1731:
781:
Project 671RTM Shchuka (Victor III) attack submarines
659:, has stopped them from proceeding with this option.
3221:
Fast Attacks and Boomers: Submarines in the Cold War
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
1940: – Submarine that can launch ballistic missiles
2124:
2122:
1986: – Collection of US Submarines still on patrol
3135:
2560:
2558:
796:Project 941 (Typhoon) ballistic missile submarines
277:formed plans to build nuclear-powered submarines.
2937:"How the fire-damaged USS Miami will be scrapped"
2501:
1946: – Submarine designed to destroy other ships
1416:Project 667 (Yankee) ballistic missile submarines
452:were the world's largest-displacement submarines.
396:to the United States. The rafting system for the
3786:
2119:
2043:
1723:): suffered a loss-of-coolant accident due to a
1457:
1406:Project 659/675 (Echo) cruise missile submarines
1401:Project 658 (Hotel) ballistic missile submarines
791:Project 935 (Borei) ballistic missile submarines
94:, but American naval reactors starting with the
3202:V.M. Bukhalov – Atomic-powered submarine design
2963:
2564:Jackson Davis and Van Dyke (1990), pp. 467-469.
2555:
2494:
2492:
2211:James Jinks; Peter Hennessy (29 October 2015).
2204:
1431:Project 670 (Charlie) cruise missile submarines
2812:Ethics, Policy and Environment, Vol. 14, No. 3
2534:Sarkisov and Tournyol du Clos (1999), pp. 3-5.
2421:Sarah Diehl & Eduardo Fujii (March 2008).
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
864:
3585:
3247:
3192:60 Years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955 - 2015
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2846:Strengthening the Safety of Radiation Sources
2241:, US Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1996,
1571:nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll
806:Project 949 (Oscar) cruise missile submarines
593:). Reactors used in submarines typically use
210:, the first demonstrably practical submarine
2489:
2272:
3599:
2030:
1035:Type 094 (Jin) ballistic missile submarines
1025:Type 092 (Xia) ballistic missile submarines
3592:
3578:
3254:
3240:
2858:
2059:
2057:
2055:
1444:Project 685 (Mike) attack submarine K-278
290:Institute of Physics and Power Engineering
3157:Polmar, Norman & Moore, J.K. (2004).
2498:Jackson Davis and Van Dyke (1990) p. 467.
2366:"Resources on Russian Nuclear Submarines"
2017:NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence
2007:
1778:to descend to her crush depth is unknown.
2998:
2976:
2925:Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision
2573:
2131:, Eric J. Grove, The Bodley Head, 1987,
1440:Project 678 (X-Ray) research submersible
1388:Project 627 (November) attack submarines
1381:
1171:
1094:
1039:
978:
900:
839:
729:
666:
443:
127:
113:
38:
2793:
2278:
2239:Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships
2052:
1212:
578:or rely on the reactor heat to produce
92:serious nuclear and radiation accidents
14:
3787:
3133:
2826:"K-8 submarine reactor accident, 1960"
2044:Johnston, Robert (23 September 2007).
1436:Project 671 (Victor) attack submarines
801:Project 945 (Sierra) attack submarines
754:
367:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
207:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
124:, the first nuclear-powered submarine.
27:Submarine powered by a nuclear reactor
3573:
3235:
2574:Mélennec, Olivier (26 October 2018).
2285:. Periscope Publishing. p. 134.
1984:List of lost United States submarines
1820:, 1989: the Soviet submarine sank in
1590:; substantial radioactivity released.
1063:Type 096 ballistic missile submarines
1008:Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy
811:Project 971 (Akula) attack submarines
786:Project 885 (Yasen) attack submarines
680:
2552:Antipov and Koroleva (2004), p. 796.
2001:
1564:
1452:Project 705 (Alfa) attack submarines
829:(Uniform) special purpose submarines
2839:
2396:Center for Nonproliferation Studies
1725:break in the starboard reactor loop
1515:-class ballistic missile submarines
1484:-class ballistic missile submarines
1411:Project 661 (Papa) attack submarine
1349:-class ballistic missile submarines
1340:-class ballistic missile submarines
1331:-class ballistic missile submarines
1300:-class ballistic missile submarines
1291:-class ballistic missile submarines
957:-class ballistic missile submarines
923:-class ballistic missile submarines
888:-class ballistic missile submarines
369:at the Admiralty Research Station,
348:1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement
335:'s first nuclear-powered submarine
24:
3093:
1732:Other major accidents and sinkings
1638:liquid metal (lead-bismuth) cooled
1393:Project 645 test attack submarine
1030:Type 093 (Shang) attack submarines
636:
563:system. Nuclear submarines employ
25:
3811:
3187:Federation of American Scientists
3176:
2516:Ross Heath et al. (1984), p. 189.
1560:List of sunken nuclear submarines
1207:
1144:
350:. The hull and combat systems of
3756:
3728:
3697:
3669:
3641:
3610:
3521:
3480:
3424:
3397:
3364:
3325:
3296:
3269:
2982:Submarine design and development
1967:SSN (hull classification symbol)
1916:
1901:
1886:
1520:
1505:
1079:List of active Indian Navy ships
1020:Type 091 (Han) attack submarines
346:, provided to Britain under the
224:that served with distinction in
2929:
2918:
2886:
2818:
2763:
2738:
2712:
2694:
2669:
2644:
2619:
2594:
2567:
2546:
2543:Mitenkov et al. (1997), p. 145.
2537:
2528:
2519:
2469:
2443:
2414:
2384:
2358:
2336:
2315:
2312:Gardiner & Chumbley, p. 403
2306:
2251:
2231:
2071:. 25 March 2009. Archived from
1140:- Ballistic missile submarines.
526:BAE Systems Submarine Solutions
3196:The Lyncean Group of San Diego
2894:"K-19 and other Subs in Peril"
2427:. WMD Insights. Archived from
2178:
2159:
2141:
2087:
1091:- Ballistic missile submarines
1068:
974:commissioned November 6, 2020)
933:
675:
499:(with the exception of three:
158:began researching designs for
13:
1:
3618:People's Liberation Army Navy
3333:People's Liberation Army Navy
2957:
2525:Tsypin et al. (1993), p. 736.
2065:"The Worst Nuclear Disasters"
1119:- 2 boats under construction.
1014:People's Liberation Army Navy
554:
3134:Offley, Edward "Ed" (2007).
2259:"Nuclear-Powered Submarines"
1995:
1553:
1001:ballistic missile submarines
819:) special purpose submarines
709:ballistic missile submarines
621:scar" that is observable by
405:ballistic missile submarines
365:, in collaboration with the
342:was fitted with an American
7:
3100:Erickson, Andrew Erickson;
2899:National Geographic Society
2217:. Penguin UK. p. 195.
1938:Ballistic missile submarine
1931:
1458:Royal Navy (United Kingdom)
1202:SSN-AUKUS attack submarines
928:SSN-AUKUS attack submarines
865:Royal Navy (United Kingdom)
836:) special purpose submarine
520:) have been constructed in
435:Project 667A (Yankee class)
254:bow, and the submarine was
190:, USN (sharing a name with
32:Ballistic missile submarine
10:
3816:
3800:Nuclear-powered submarines
2166:Warships of the Royal Navy
1955:Nuclear-powered icebreaker
1950:List of nuclear submarines
1719:, 1989 (reclassified from
1557:
1175:
1148:
1072:
1055:Type 095 attack submarines
1011:
968:(First boat of the class,
937:
868:
758:
684:
662:
645:
186:, under the leadership of
109:
87:air-independent propulsion
29:
3754:
3726:
3695:
3667:
3639:
3608:
3519:
3478:
3422:
3395:
3362:
3323:
3294:
3267:
3214:29 September 2011 at the
3207:29 September 2011 at the
3006:. Naval Institute Press.
2801:Kristin Shrader-Frechette
2479:p.291, AuthorHouse, 2007
2392:"Submarine Proliferation"
1961:Nuclear marine propulsion
1569:Some of the most serious
1083:Future of the Indian Navy
657:Law of the Sea Convention
653:London Dumping Convention
591:nuclear marine propulsion
324:, entered service in the
188:Captain Hyman G. Rickover
148:Naval Research Laboratory
3114:Naval War College Review
2149:"USS Nautilus (SSN-571)"
1990:
1866:, 2005: collided with a
1754:Russian Kursk's 118 lost
1746:number of safety changes
1628:in the Kara Sea in 1966.
1608:loss-of-coolant accident
1588:loss-of-coolant accident
1500:-class attack submarines
1492:-class attack submarines
1476:-class attack submarines
1322:-class attack submarines
1313:-class attack submarines
1272:-class attack submarines
1243:-class attack submarines
1190:-class attack submarines
965:-class attack submarines
949:-class attack submarines
896:-class attack submarines
880:-class attack submarines
859:Arcturus-class submarine
749:Columbia-class submarine
725:-class attack submarines
717:-class attack submarines
697:-class attack submarines
450:Typhoon-class submarines
448:The nuclear-powered VMF
318:November-class submarine
233:Westinghouse Corporation
176:Atomic Energy Commission
1534:Charlie-class submarine
1089:Arihant-class submarine
194:'s fictional submarine
2153:americanhistory.si.edu
2008:Trakimavičius, Lukas.
1104:
1045:
988:
910:
849:
832:Project 1983.1 AS-12 (
739:
672:
453:
139:
125:
65:, but not necessarily
50:
3277:Royal Australian Navy
3050:Environmental Geology
2279:Daniels, R.J (2004).
1979:History of submarines
1547:Akula-class submarine
1178:Royal Australian Navy
1172:Royal Australian Navy
1098:
1044:A Type 094 submarine.
1043:
982:
904:
843:
733:
670:
470:Admiralteyskiye Verfi
456:At the height of the
447:
237:Electric Boat Company
168:Naval Reactors Branch
131:
117:
42:
3316:(under construction)
2941:The Washington Times
2475:Samuel Upton Newtan
1957: – Type of ship
1613:K-19: The Widowmaker
1134:- Attack submarines.
1125:- Attack submarines.
178:. In July 1951, the
3795:American inventions
2984:. Conway Maritime.
2720:"Launch prediction"
2708:. 14 December 2018.
2457:. 15 September 2021
2402:on 13 February 2006
2372:on 15 November 2001
2348:National Geographic
1748:to the U.S. fleet.
1606:, 1961: suffered a
1586:, 1960: suffered a
1382:Soviet/Russian Navy
1374:Glenard P. Lipscomb
755:Soviet/Russian Navy
528:or its predecessor
312:of the Project 627
298:Kurchatov Institute
267:Groton, Connecticut
3764:United States Navy
3529:United States Navy
3183:Nuclear Propulsion
2851:2009-03-26 at the
2775:United States Navy
2263:US Naval Institute
2192:on 30 January 2009
1213:United States Navy
1182:Plans to purchase
1105:
1046:
989:
911:
850:
740:
687:United States Navy
681:United States Navy
673:
618:stealth technology
486:Komsomolsk-on-Amur
472:in St.Petersburg,
454:
386:Rolls-Royce's PWR1
310:Leninskiy Komsomol
245:traditional bottle
160:nuclear propulsion
144:United States Navy
140:
126:
106:launched in 1954.
75:Nuclear propulsion
51:
18:Nuclear submarines
3782:
3781:
3567:
3566:
3445:Sierra I & II
3149:978-0-465-05185-4
3072:978-0-7923-5598-4
2485:978-1-4259-8511-0
2265:. November 2021.
2224:978-0-14-197370-8
1834:hydrogen peroxide
1817:K-278 Komsomolets
1565:Reactor accidents
1347:Benjamin Franklin
1289:George Washington
1196:Under development
1156:Under development
1117:-class submarines
1108:Under development
1059:
1049:Under development
992:Under development
987:-class submarine.
975:
914:Under development
909:-class submarine.
853:Under development
848:-class submarine.
743:Under development
738:-class submarine.
606:diesel generators
571:connected to the
522:Barrow-in-Furness
411:George Washington
384:and, fitted with
382:Vickers Armstrong
55:nuclear submarine
16:(Redirected from
3807:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3413:Project 75 Alpha
3403:
3401:
3400:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3172:
3153:
3141:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3110:
3089:
3076:
3057:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3000:Friedman, Norman
2995:
2978:Friedman, Norman
2973:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2933:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2902:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2869:
2856:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2803:(October 2011).
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:on 12 March 2018
2777:. Archived from
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2499:
2496:
2487:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2431:on 16 March 2008
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2398:. Archived from
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2368:. Archived from
2362:
2356:
2355:
2350:. Archived from
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2255:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2188:. Archived from
2182:
2176:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2100:. Archived from
2099:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2075:on 28 March 2009
2061:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1944:Attack submarine
1920:
1905:
1890:
1263: (SSGN-587)
1253: (SSRN-586)
1165:-class submarine
1123:Project 75 Alpha
1058:(In development)
1057:
967:
815:Project 1851.1 (
565:nuclear reactors
561:power generation
547:during the 1982
545:Mark 8 torpedoes
540:General Belgrano
474:Krasnoye Sormovo
361:s construction,
360:
316:class, called a
302:steam generation
253:
247:of champagne on
241:Mamie Eisenhower
162:plants in 1946.
48:-class submarine
21:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3642:
3640:
3635:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3568:
3563:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3216:Wayback Machine
3209:Wayback Machine
3179:
3169:
3150:
3124:
3122:
3108:
3104:(Winter 2007).
3096:
3094:Further reading
3073:
3014:
2992:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2906:on 10 July 2002
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2859:
2853:Wayback Machine
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2726:(in Portuguese)
2718:
2717:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2580:Ouest-France.fr
2572:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2354:on 8 July 2002.
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2127:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2042:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1878: (SSN-755)
1864: (SSN-711)
1845:USS Greeneville
1786: (SSN-665)
1772: (SSN-589)
1742: (SSN-593)
1734:
1709:Sergei Preminin
1567:
1562:
1556:
1523:
1508:
1460:
1384:
1376: (SSN-685)
1366: (SSN-671)
1282: (SSN-597)
1234: (SSN-575)
1224: (SSN-571)
1215:
1210:
1180:
1174:
1153:
1147:
1085:
1071:
1016:
1010:
942:
936:
873:
867:
767:
757:
689:
683:
678:
665:
648:
639:
637:Decommissioning
625:systems, e.g.,
623:thermal imaging
595:highly enriched
569:electric motors
557:
478:Nizhny Novgorod
388:nuclear plant,
358:
263: (SSN-571)
251:
172:Bureau of Ships
112:
73:) submarines.
71:diesel-electric
63:nuclear reactor
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3768:
3766:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3651:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3631:Type 094 (Jin)
3628:
3626:Type 092 (Xia)
3622:
3620:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3531:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3407:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3374:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:Álvaro Alberto
3308:
3306:
3304:Brazilian Navy
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3279:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3199:
3189:
3178:
3177:External links
3175:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3131:
3102:Lyle Goldstein
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3077:
3071:
3058:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3012:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2928:
2917:
2885:
2857:
2838:
2817:
2792:
2762:
2737:
2724:Brazilian Navy
2711:
2693:
2668:
2643:
2618:
2593:
2566:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2500:
2488:
2468:
2455:www.abc.net.au
2442:
2413:
2383:
2357:
2335:
2314:
2305:
2291:
2271:
2250:
2230:
2223:
2203:
2177:
2158:
2140:
2118:
2107:on 10 May 2013
2086:
2051:
2029:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1857:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1824:due to a fire.
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1779:
1765:
1757:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1712:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1629:
1617:
1599:
1591:
1566:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1274:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1236:
1226:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Decommissioned
1206:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1151:Brazilian Navy
1146:
1145:Brazilian Navy
1143:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1093:
1092:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
977:
976:
959:
951:
935:
932:
931:
930:
925:
899:
898:
890:
882:
866:
863:
862:
861:
838:
837:
830:
820:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
756:
753:
752:
751:
728:
727:
719:
711:
699:
682:
679:
677:
674:
664:
661:
647:
644:
638:
635:
584:steam turbines
556:
553:
482:Amurskiy Zavod
439:41 for Freedom
333:United Kingdom
222: (SS-168)
216:, and another
204:'s 1870 novel
111:
108:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3518:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3421:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3322:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3266:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3168:1-57488-530-8
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:Scorpion Down
3132:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3088:(3): 736–737.
3087:
3083:
3082:Atomic Energy
3078:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:(4): 189–199.
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:(2): 145–147.
3041:
3037:
3036:Atomic Energy
3032:
3029:(6): 467–476.
3028:
3024:
3023:Marine Policy
3019:
3015:
3013:1-55750-260-9
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2991:0-87021-954-5
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:(5): 796–801.
2971:
2967:
2966:Atomic Energy
2962:
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2292:1-904381-18-9
2288:
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2248:
2247:1-55750-132-7
2244:
2240:
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2216:
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2207:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2174:0-531-03730-4
2171:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2137:0-370-31021-7
2134:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2103:
2096:
2095:"Little Book"
2090:
2074:
2070:
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2040:
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2018:
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1911:
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1863:
1862:San Francisco
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1649:
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1641:VT-1 reactors
1639:
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1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:Novaya Zemlya
1623:
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1343:
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1338:James Madison
1334:
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1021:
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1002:
999:
998:SNLE 3G-class
996:
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993:
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875:
874:
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860:
857:
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855:
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842:
835:
831:
828:
826:
822:Project 1910
821:
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814:
812:
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804:
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797:
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792:
789:
787:
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581:
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570:
566:
562:
552:
550:
549:Falklands War
546:
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523:
519:
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239:, First Lady
238:
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227:
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209:
208:
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199:
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193:
189:
185:
181:
180:U.S. Congress
177:
173:
169:
163:
161:
157:
154:in 1939. The
153:
150:'s physicist
149:
145:
137:
136:
130:
123:
122:
116:
107:
105:
103:
97:
93:
88:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:nuclear-armed
64:
61:powered by a
60:
56:
49:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3772:
3744:
3705:Russian Navy
3685:
3657:
3601:SSBN classes
3551:
3544:
3537:
3503:
3496:
3462:
3450:
3432:Russian Navy
3380:
3312:
3158:
3137:
3123:. Retrieved
3118:
3112:
3085:
3081:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3022:
3003:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:
2931:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2904:the original
2897:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:the original
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2630:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2586:12 September
2584:. Retrieved
2579:
2569:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2471:
2461:16 September
2459:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2423:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:the original
2395:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:the original
2360:
2352:the original
2347:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2317:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2281:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2238:
2233:
2213:
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:the original
2180:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2128:
2109:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2073:the original
2068:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2003:
1924:
1909:
1894:
1875:
1861:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1769:
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1739:
1720:
1715:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1632:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1594:
1582:
1575:Soviet Union
1568:
1541:
1528:
1512:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1468: (S101)
1465:
1445:
1394:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1269:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1231:
1221:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1130:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1048:
1047:
1003:- 4 planned.
991:
990:
984:
970:
962:
954:
946:
920:
913:
912:
906:
893:
885:
877:
852:
851:
845:
824:
765:Russian Navy
742:
741:
735:
722:
714:
703:
694:
649:
640:
615:
602:
582:that drives
558:
539:
533:
516:
509:
502:
494:
490:
466:Severodvinsk
455:
425:
410:
402:
397:
391:
372:
355:
351:
338:
330:
313:
309:
285:
282:Soviet Union
279:
260:
256:commissioned
248:
230:
226:World War II
219:
211:
205:
196:
192:Captain Nemo
183:
164:
141:
133:
120:
101:
83:
54:
52:
45:
36:
3677:Indian Navy
3649:French Navy
3538:Los Angeles
3405:Indian Navy
3372:French Navy
3347:Type 09-III
2611:31 December
2582:(in French)
2196:24 February
1925:Komsomolets
1829:K-141 Kursk
1822:Barents Sea
1521:Indian Navy
1506:French Navy
1466:Dreadnought
1446:Komsomolets
1298:Ethan Allen
1075:Indian Navy
1069:Indian Navy
940:French Navy
934:French Navy
921:Dreadnought
761:Soviet Navy
695:Los Angeles
676:Operational
431:Project 658
420:Project 629
416:Polaris A-1
363:Rolls-Royce
356:Dreadnought
352:Dreadnought
344:S5W reactor
339:Dreadnought
326:Soviet Navy
269:, to begin
202:Jules Verne
3789:Categories
3736:Royal Navy
3658:Triomphant
3603:in service
3488:Royal Navy
3463:Khabarovsk
3440:Victor III
3121:(1): 54–79
2958:References
2785:1 November
2730:25 January
2686:5 December
2406:1 November
2376:1 November
2022:15 October
1841:Ehime Maru
1558:See also:
1513:Redoutable
1482:Resolution
1317:SCB-188A:
1286:SCB-180A:
1257:SCB-137A:
1176:See also:
1149:See also:
1131:Chakra III
1073:See also:
1012:See also:
985:Triomphant
955:Triomphant
938:See also:
871:Royal Navy
869:See also:
759:See also:
685:See also:
610:decay heat
555:Technology
497:Royal Navy
424:ill-fated
304:problems,
271:sea trials
243:broke the
156:Royal Navy
79:refuelings
3560:(planned)
3512:(planned)
3510:SSN-AUKUS
3497:Trafalgar
3471:(planned)
3415:(planned)
3387:Barracuda
3355:(planned)
3353:Type 09-V
3341:Type 09-I
3287:(planned)
3285:SSN-AUKUS
3125:25 August
2636:20 August
1996:Citations
1973:Submarine
1874:USS
1860:USS
1782:USS
1768:USS
1738:USS
1554:Accidents
1545:(Russian
1498:Swiftsure
1490:Churchill
1464:HMS
1372:USS
1370:SCB-302:
1362:USS
1360:SCB-245:
1344:SCB-216:
1335:SCB-216:
1329:Lafayette
1326:SCB-216:
1304:SCB-188:
1295:SCB-180:
1278:USS
1276:SCB-178:
1267:SCB-154:
1259:USS
1249:USS
1247:SCB-132:
1238:SCB-121:
1230:USS
1228:SCB-64A:
1220:USS
1163:Riachuelo
963:Barracuda
907:Trafalgar
878:Trafalgar
701:SCB-304:
692:SCB-303:
573:propeller
543:with two
538:ARA
534:Conqueror
515:HMS
508:HMS
503:Conqueror
501:HMS
409:USS
390:HMS
337:HMS
328:in 1958.
306:radiation
275:Admiralty
259:USS
218:USS
152:Ross Gunn
119:USS
104:(SSN-571)
59:submarine
3745:Vanguard
3713:Delta IV
3552:Virginia
3212:Archived
3205:Archived
3198:web site
3002:(1994).
2980:(1984).
2849:Archived
2755:15 March
2661:19 March
2435:27 March
2298:25 April
1932:See also
1910:Scorpion
1895:Thresher
1868:seamount
1784:Guitarro
1776:Scorpion
1770:Scorpion
1756:in 2000.
1750:Thresher
1740:Thresher
1542:Chakra 2
1532:(Soviet
1320:Sturgeon
1307:Thresher
1280:Tullibee
1270:Skipjack
1222:Nautilus
1218:SCB-64:
1188:Virginia
1138:S5-class
886:Vanguard
834:Losharik
825:Kashalot
736:Virginia
723:Virginia
655:and the
458:Cold War
414:with 16
378:Dounreay
286:Nautilus
261:Nautilus
249:Nautilus
220:Nautilus
213:Nautilus
197:Nautilus
184:Nautilus
174:and the
121:Nautilus
102:Nautilus
43:British
3686:Arihant
3545:Seawolf
3349:(Shang)
2946:26 July
2910:26 July
2878:26 July
2831:26 July
2706:Reuters
2328:26 July
2237:p.529,
1474:Valiant
1364:Narwhal
1261:Halibut
1232:Seawolf
1115:Arihant
1101:Arihant
971:Suffren
715:Seawolf
663:Lineage
646:Methods
517:Revenge
462:Sevmash
398:Valiant
392:Valiant
294:Obninsk
170:of the
146:by the
110:History
3761:
3733:
3702:
3674:
3646:
3615:
3558:SSN(X)
3526:
3504:Astute
3485:
3429:
3402:
3369:
3330:
3301:
3274:
3165:
3146:
3069:
3010:
2988:
2855:p. 14.
2483:
2289:
2245:
2221:
2172:
2135:
1923:K-278
1529:Chakra
1311:Permit
1251:Triton
1081:, and
894:Astute
827:-class
817:Paltus
706:-class
510:Renown
480:, and
373:Vulcan
46:Astute
3718:Borei
3469:Laika
3457:Yasen
3451:Akula
3381:Rubis
3343:(Han)
3194:– on
3109:(PDF)
2808:(PDF)
2111:2 May
2105:(PDF)
2098:(PDF)
2079:2 May
2013:(PDF)
1991:Notes
1876:Miami
1853:K-159
1809:K-429
1721:K-131
1716:K-192
1704:K-219
1696:K-431
1688:K-123
1680:K-222
1664:K-116
1656:K-429
1648:K-140
1241:Skate
947:Rubis
846:Akula
631:sonar
580:steam
576:shaft
376:, at
359:'
292:, in
252:'
57:is a
3773:Ohio
3163:ISBN
3144:ISBN
3127:2009
3067:ISBN
3008:ISBN
2986:ISBN
2948:2015
2912:2015
2880:2015
2833:2015
2787:2017
2757:2023
2750:IgMp
2732:2022
2688:2022
2681:IgMp
2663:2023
2656:IgMp
2638:2022
2631:IgMp
2613:2021
2606:IgMp
2588:2019
2481:ISBN
2463:2021
2437:2008
2408:2017
2378:2017
2330:2015
2300:2017
2287:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2198:2008
2170:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2113:2012
2081:2012
2069:Time
2024:2021
1908:USS
1893:USS
1843:and
1801:K-56
1672:K-64
1633:K-27
1621:K-11
1603:K-19
1595:K-14
1540:INS
1527:INS
1395:K-27
1355:NR-1
1129:INS
1099:INS
763:and
704:Ohio
627:FLIR
616:The
598:fuel
530:VSEL
524:(at
513:and
426:K-19
371:HMS
331:The
322:NATO
280:The
231:The
135:NR-1
100:USS
1793:K-8
1761:K-3
1583:K-8
844:An
588:cf.
484:in
476:in
464:in
441:".
429:of
320:by
314:Kit
228:).
200:in
96:S1W
3791::
3185:–
3119:60
3117:.
3111:.
3086:75
3084:.
3052:.
3040:82
3038:.
3027:14
3025:.
2970:97
2968:.
2939:.
2896:.
2860:^
2810:.
2773:.
2748:.
2722:.
2704:.
2679:.
2654:.
2629:.
2604:.
2578:.
2557:^
2503:^
2491:^
2453:.
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