Nova (novel) - Knowledge

1259:: as fast-action far-flung interstellar adventure; as archetypal mystical/mythical allegory (in which the Tarot and the Grail both figure prominently); as modern myth told in the SF idiom ... The reader observes, recollects, or participates in a range of personal human experience including violent pain and disfigurement, sensory deprivation and overload, man-machine communion, the drug experience, the creative experience—and interpersonal relationships which include incest and assassination, father-son, leader-follower, human-pet, and 522:. Lorq is the scion of the wealthy Von Ray family, the most powerful clan in the Pleiades Federation. Originally a carefree playboy, Lorq is drawn into his family's feud with the Reds and, as a result, becomes obsessed with finding Illyrion. When Prince Red attacks him as a teenager at a fabulously opulent party in Isle St.-Louis in Paris, he scars Lorq's face badly; but Lorq refuses to remove the scarring for the rest of the novel and as a result carries an air of menace. 651:

terms of social class. Draco is primarily controlled by corporations and governments based on Earth. Pleiades was settled later by "small businesses... cooperative groups; even private citizens...a comparatively middle class movement". Lorq's great-great-grandfather attacked ships from Draco, including those owned by Red-shift, attempting to expand into Pleiades, helping assure its independence. A few generations before the novel begins, planets much further from the

135: 73: 32: 1110:, Latin for "new thing", a term that can be used to mean science fictional inventions. Lorq describes the nova is a place where all law, human and natural, breaks down, to which the Mouse replies that the voyage will be "real changey". As the title indicates, this is the novel's central metaphor: the destructive implosion/explosion of an entire sun, which both destroys most of a solar system and creates new elements. 1088:

for point of view; due to their different upbringings, Katin, the Mouse, and Lorq all have different perspectives on the assassination of the politician Morgan. Also, each page in the book carries a header that gives the year and location of the scene (e.g., "Draco, Earth, Paris, 3162"). This is useful because of the flashbacks in the long journey around the galaxy.

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the humanizing effect of plug and socket labor, the freedom from alienation that it ensures has limits. Tarot and superstitions, such as the Mouse spitting in the river, are vital psychological supports. Meanwhile, plugs and sockets are unable to cure Prince's issues, and he remains a selfish, indulgent, and incestuous murderer pursuing his economic monopoly.

1121: 630:. An Australian drifter and former member of Lorq's crew, Dan is the first to suggest to Lorq how a nova might be a source for Illyrion. Unfortunately, by the beginning of the novel, an accident on the first mission has damaged his senses and probably his sanity. He kills himself soon into the book, and most of his appearances take place in flashbacks. 888:

number of pentacles indicates wealth. Prince and Ruby are represented by the King of Swords and the Queen of Swords, respectively. An anomaly in the reading, however, occurs when Tyÿ drops The Sun—which Lorq considered to represent a nova—and the Mouse pockets it, thus making it impossible for Tyÿ's reading to include this card.

572:. This wandering, working couple consists of Sebastian, a powerful-looking man who is nonetheless gentle—he keeps a number of unusual pets with him, his "flapping black gillies"—and his companion, Tyÿ, a quiet mysterious woman and tarot-card reader. Like many of Delany's characters, Sebastian is racially mixed: although he has 835:), and the idea of aristocratic families feuding in space is found in numerous other space opera novels. The character of Katin is partially written to resemble the classic "bore" in science fiction literature—a character who constantly gives lectures and explanations to describe the universe of the book. In 1087:

Delany uses a careful prose style to present his work both sensually and metaphorically. He uses language to differentiate the characters; for instance, people from Pleiades speak with verbs at the ends of their sentences, and Lynceos and Idas begin and finish each other's sentences. The same is true

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deck. Lorq is most closely concerned with tarot; he is unwilling or unable to begin his quest without Tyÿ's reading, suggesting that the cards can satisfy human needs that technology is unable to assuage. However, the Mouse also benefits from its use, as it helps him remember his mother using them to

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Smaller tarot readings dot the rest of the novel. As a young child, Lorq receives a reading indicating a death in his family: within a month, his Uncle Morgan is assassinated. Likewise, Lorq's Aunt Cyana (Morgan's widow) has Lorq choose a single tarot card for insight: it is The Hanged Man, reversed,

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The sockets are based on the ideas of a 23rd century philosopher and psychologist, Ashton Clark, and are intended to counteract the alienation caused by the separation between work and life. When the plugs and sockets were invented, work was done directly by people, reducing mental illness and making

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Although Lorq Von Ray is described as looking between forty-five and fifty years old, according to the dates in the book he is barely thirty. The explanation for this discrepancy between Lorq's actual age and older appearance is provided in the Mouse's speculation that Lorq is "aged, not old". He has

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The novel is set in 3172, when most humans belong to one of two factions: Earth-based Draco and the Pleiades Federation. The most important family in Pleiades is the Von Rays, and the most important in Draco is the Reds, who own Red-shift Limited, a company making interstellar drives. Starship travel

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in 2009 and 2010, describing it as "one of the best of Delany's early works" and noting that it had aged well and felt "cutting edge". She called the setting "a fully realised and kaleidoscopic future" with "surprisingly interesting economics". However, she thought the female characters were few and

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it is unclear whether or not Lorq's parents are still alive by the time the novel ends. When Lorq begins his quest, his mother is already dying of a degenerative disorder, but at the end he makes no mention of them, nor does he try to contact them. However, in another (much briefer) passage added in

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Economic tensions have created a feud between the "new money" Von Ray family and the "old money" Red family, both of whom have a large stake in intergalactic transportation. Shortly before the novel's events (within the lifetime of Lorq's father), the Pleiades region achieved political autonomy from

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s future history. Cyana, a curator at the Alkane Museum, claims that almost a quarter of its galleries are devoted to the period. She justifies this by saying that the it encompasses the greatest change in humanity's fundamental situation: "At the beginning of that amazing century, mankind was many

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Almost all the characters in the book are cyborgs, equipped with four sockets (in the small of the back, back of the neck, and both wrists) that allow the user to connect directly to a computer. These can be used to control starships or less complicated machines; in the opening scene, one character

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is set in a science fictional universe with high technology, including interstellar travel and large-scale use of cyborg adaptions. Most people use intravenous drips for nutrition rather than eating, and disease is considered to be impossible. The novel is an obsolete art form and has been replaced

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As the book unfolds, Lorq learns that his family was founded by pirates, who killed members of the Red family in previous generations in order to keep the Pleiades free of Earth-based corporations, although Lorq's ancestors did so with the support of the Pleiades' citizens. The Reds, however, still

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The crew try to relax, but Prince and Ruby arrive. They argue with Lorq; Prince states that Lorq's quest will ruin both Draco and the Outer Colonies. Lorq replies that he is fighting for change, and Prince for stasis. Prince then reveals why he hates Lorq: their visit to the arena on Ark showed him

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Although Delany sees technology as both a constructive and destructive force, he also sees it as having limits; it is not the sole determiner of a culture or a personality. Cooperation, or community, is needed for Lorq's success, as the whole diverse crew must work together to succeed. And despite

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and the Holy Grail. However, the correspondences are not directly one-to-one but far more tangled; the characters are not heroes and villains in disguise but used to give resonance to the text. Jo Walton has suggested that the story is what has been prefigured by myth, or that the tale of Lorq Von

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Lorq becomes a starship racing pilot; his crew comprises Brian and Dan. He meets Prince again at a party, where Brian mentions Prince's arm. Lorq asks Ruby to run away with him, but Prince finds them and punches Lorq, scarring his face. Lorq's father describes how his great-grandfather secured the

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and Delany's handwritten version of the novel in his notebooks from 1967. These are in the Samuel R. Delany papers in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, part of Yale University Library. Delany omitted it when a friend who had read the manuscript found the section too extreme. However,

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In the original novel, Lorq's crew member Brian disappears without explanation after a single chapter. In later editions, Prince sends Lorq a message while he is visiting the Alkane museum, describing how, with no more provocation than a careless comment Brian made about Prince's arm, he used his

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are mixed in both 20th century terms—Lorq, Idas, and Lynceos are of African descent; Sebastian is a blond Asian (referred to in the text as "Oriental"); the Mouse is Romani—and in their own milieu, in terms of origin and economic class. Idas and Lynceos hail from the Outer Colonies, Katin and the

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The novel refers repeatedly to a historic Vega Republic, which tried to secede from Draco in 2800. Katin states that they tried to create original art, and calls them a "last stand for cultural autonomy". However, the secession failed, and Vegan art and architecture has been absorbed by the wider

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arrives at the planet Vorbis, and Lorq visits his aunt Cyana, who tells him a star likely to explode soon. Prince sends Lorq a message bragging that he destroyed Brian's life because he mentioned his arm, and that he intends to kill Lorq. Meanwhile, the Mouse visits some hunters and reunites with

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The third chapter is a flashback to Lorq's youth, beginning with his boyhood on the planet Ark, when he meets Prince Red and his sister Ruby. Prince was born without an arm and has an artificial one. As they play, Lorq mentions Prince's arm, angering him. Later, they sneak out to an arena and see

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Politically, the galaxy is divided between three factions: Draco, based on Earth, and the earliest area to be colonized; the younger Pleiades Federation; and the even newer Outer Colonies, where Illyrion is mined rather than manufactured. In chapter three, Lorq's father explains these regions in

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However, in contrast to the technological background, reading the tarot is considered both scientific and accurate. Indeed, the Mouse is ridiculed as old-fashioned for his skepticism about it. In chapter four, Tyÿ gives Lorq the most detailed tarot reading in the novel. As a child, he also had a

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Because of the power his artificial arm gives him, Prince can become extremely violent if anyone so much as mentions his deformity. As a little boy he sprains Lorq's mother's wrist when, innocently, she asks for his hand to take him home when he has gotten into mischief after dark with the other

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represent different kinds of art: the Mouse's sensory syrynx playing is spontaneous and instinctive, and on the other hand Katin's novel is carefully considered but not begun. However, while talking to the Mouse, Katin equates writing his novel to playing the sensory syrynx. Both create sensory

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Much of the story revolves around a tarot reading Tyÿ gives Lorq at the beginning of the second mission, in which she rather successfully predicts the stakes and outcome. For example, The Tower appears, indicating that a powerful family (presumably the Reds or Von Rays) will fall, and the large

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Prince appears to have an unhealthy attachment to his sister—which, often, she seems to reciprocate. While their father, Aaron, is still alive at the time of the novel and in charge of the Red's vast industrial holdings, Prince and Ruby are the most visible members of the Red

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in the galaxy, bringing about the downfall of the Red family and ending Draco and Earth's dominance. Therefore, the two families are trying to destroy each other. Lorq wonders where to get Illyrion; later, Dan tells him how his ship accidentally fell into a nova but survived.

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and who has worked till now at a series of unfulfilling clerical positions. Katin is a loner. His passion is to explore various moons across the Solar System. He also aspires to write a novel, for which he constantly records notes, although the form is obsolete by the time

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Mouse from Draco, and Tyÿ, Sebastian, and Lorq from Pleiades. Lorq, at the center of the novel, is attracted to Ruby, angering Prince and reigniting their feud, even if his blackness is secondary to his identity as a Von Ray. Although race is different in the world of

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travels to the star, but Prince and Ruby reappear. Lorq boards their ship, and the star begins to erupt. Lorq seizes control and flies toward the star, killing Prince; Ruby dies too and Lorq flies through the nova, collecting the Illyrion but injuring his brain.

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is a full-blooded space opera, it is also a counter to the ideology of expansion into and colonization of space. It is a work of postcolonial science fiction that appropriates the genre's traditions and conventions to open up space to imagine an alternative.

586:. These brothers—two members of a set of triplets—are of African descent, but Lynceos is an albino. Hailing from the Outer Colonies, all three brothers had a tendency to use drugs and make mischief. As a result of one of their pranks, they ended in a type of 917:

experiences which then summon up memories, thoughts, and emotions related to those sensations. A deeper similarity is illuminated by Katin's remark that novels were primarily about relationships, and the obsolescence of the form implies that people in

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crystals, which he can throw with the force of bullets. A troublemaker from birth (in his youth, he was forced constantly to shift schools because of discipline problems), he detests Lorq for numerous reasons, some of which he is not consciously aware

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The setting of Nova is vague, but is explicitly defined as an empire, and it depends on Illyrion mining in the peripheral Outer Colonies. The name of the planet where Lynceos and Idas worked, Tubman, is a direct allusion to the American abolitionist

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population. In addition to appearances, characters from the Pleiades sometimes have names that indicate a mixed racial heritage. For example, Lorq's friend Yorgos Satsumi has a clearly Japanese last name, but a first name that is decidedly Greek.

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for potential serialization. Campbell rejected the novel, saying in a telephone conversation with Delany's agent that, though he had enjoyed the book, he did not feel his magazine's readership "would be able to relate to a black main character."

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s emphasis on the relationship between creative writing and criticism. Judith Merril's review goes so far as to call Nova "an experimental approach to literary criticism". By the end of the novel, it is clear that the novel Katin will write is

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as "highly entertaining to read" and commended Delany's integration of his sociopolitical extrapolation into his story, his accomplished characterization, and his "virtuosity" in presenting the novel's "classically posed scientific puzzle."

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the Vintage Books edition, related to the above, Lorq has a memory that implies both of his parents and Aaron Red died during the past ten years. This is in neither the original typescript nor in the notebook version, and is a true addition.

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s milieu are generally solitary and lonely. However, art can make people consider these relationships, such as when the Mouse experiences Leo's playing and thinks of his parents, analyzing the difference in his relationships with them.

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when Algis Budrys' review complained about Brian's absence, Delany decided to restore Prince's message to the novel so readers would know what happened to Brian. This was present in editions printed for book clubs a few months later.

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and were forced to work in the colonies' Illyrion mines. (Such arrangements are common at that time to "recruit" workers for the mines.) The two talk in tandem. Jokingly Katin calls them a pair of "glorified salt and pepper shakers."

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is the distinction between Katin and Lorq Von Ray at the end of the novel, after they have both experienced the nova. Lorq looks into the heart of the nova and his senses are overloaded; however Katin, who looked at it after the

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from Earth, who, by age 18, has led an extremely varied life, and is just beginning to work in a starship navigation crew. He also entertains people by creating illusions and music with his sensory syrynx, a sound, scent, and

766:. Other motifs include Katin, an intellectual and writer who attempts to record the events around him; the twins Lynceos and Idas, one black, the other albino; and Dan, a barefoot derelict, with a rope holding up his pants. 621:. Prince's younger sister, Ruby, is a quiet-spoken woman, who appears to be completely under Prince's control. As an adolescent, Lorq falls in love with her, but she rebuffs him because of their families' hostile histories. 1045:. Colonial history is thus mapped onto the galactic setting. The Red family symbolize the continuation of colonialism and empire; but because of Lorq's victory, the mining colonies will be closed, and the workers freed. 858:

also makes heavy use of myth. An author's note at the beginning of the book thanks Helen Adam and Russell FitzGerald for their help with Grail and tarot research. Reviewers and academics have compared it to the story of

447:. One is Katin, an intellectual who aspires to write a novel. Others are the brothers Lynceos and Idas, whose third brother is an indentured Illyrion miner; Sebastian, owner of flying pets; and his companion Tyÿ, a 459:

Pleiades Federation's independence by piracy and attacking Red-shift's mines, leading to a feud between the families. He also explains that the lower price of Illyrion from the Outer Colonies will shift the

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wealth and power to systematically destroy Brian's life until he became homeless and died of exposure. Prince claims that he has killed some two dozen others in a similar manner for similar reasons.

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takes place. Sometimes Katin annoys his colleagues by going off on long lectures on any number of topics; in this capacity, he is sometimes comic, even while acting as the novel's expository voice.

1391:. The character Peter Riviera resembles the Mouse in that he also has holographic projection powers (although via implants) and is introduced in Istanbul; but unlike Delany's character, he is a 647:

tarot reading mentioning a death in his family, about a month before his uncle, Secretary Morgan, was assassinated. Later, Cyana makes Lorq draw a card before she gives him the nova's location.

607:. The scion of the Earth-based Red family, Prince was born with only one arm. In place of the other, he wears an artificial limb, which has unnatural strength. Its grip can compress sand into 480:

how vicious and cruel his father could be. Sebastian and Lorq attack Prince and Ruby; Lorq uses the sensory syrynx to overwhelm their senses, leaving them seriously injured near a river of

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Because there was no magazine serialization, however, in its first six months the novel did not get the initially wide exposure to readers that might have helped gain it a Hugo Award.

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The novel's prose style has been called "poetic", with every metaphor serving the larger design. The sensory syrynx is an example of this. The name alludes to the Greek god Pan's

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to the Mouse's childhood follows, explaining how he stole a sensory syrynx (a machine capable of producing sound, images, and scents) and learned to play it from his friend Leo.

1016:" names. For example, Brian's full name is Brian Anthony Sanders. Moreover, according to the Mouse, Earth still has problems with racism; he recalls seeing Gypsies 659:

Draco, and is now an independent federation. At the time of the novel, citizens of the Outer Colonies are beginning to support the idea of independence as well.

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reader. Lorq plans to fly through a nova to acquire seven tons of Illyrion. As the crew members leave Triton, Dan falls into a burning canyon and dies.

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has a number of motifs in common with Delany's later works; for example, the Mouse, a damaged artist who wears one shoe as does the Kid in the later

1099:, implying the labyrinth. This allusive style has been described as a way to overcome the linearity of prose and enrich the text by invoking the 655:

were discovered to possess Illyrion, and corporations in Draco and Pleiades subsidized people "from the lowest population strata" to move there.

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at the age of 25, his published output stopped for several years, although his writing continued. His next published novel was the pornographic

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societies living on one world; at its end, it was basically what we are now: an informatively unified society that lived on several worlds."

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Characters make frequent references to 20th century culture. At Prince's party in Paris, a group of entertainers performs a song by

679:. It is a powerful energy source; a few grams provide enough energy for a starship. Katin estimates that 8-9,000 kg has been mined. 2954: 2909: 928:

Katin, the aspiring novelist, frequently records notes about what his novel should be like. The definition of the novel is one of

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published a limited hardback edition including tarot cards designed by Russell FitzGerald, who created the original cover art.

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Delany has consistently created black characters to populate his science fiction, and race is both obvious and essential to

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features, his hair is naturally blond. Both are from the Pleiades and consider it an honor to work for the Von Ray family.

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The main narrative resumes. Tyÿ gives Lorq a tarot reading about the mission; however, the Mouse has stolen a card. The

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said that though Delany had "an extensive imagination", the reader might be overwhelmed. The review in the British

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However, she described it as "more of a fascinating exercise than a satisfying achievement" and "somehow lacking".

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This is in sharp contrast to the Earth-centered Draco society, and the Red family are consistently referred to as

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Another example of this is the word nova itself; literally, it denotes a supernova, but it is also the plural of

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left the core, is inspired to create art by organizing his experiences through controlled aesthetic techniques.

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uses it to control a "sweeper" to clean the floor. People using these sockets are called "cyborg studs".

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For instance, Lorq Von Ray has been compared to Prometheus. Idas and Lynceos share names with two of the

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The residents of the Pleiades Federation (and the Outer Colonies) overall are an extremely mixed

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was soon regularly referred to as "the perfect science fiction novel". It was nominated for the

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The novel has also been compared to sea stories, with Dan recalling the blind pirate Pew in

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Storming the Reality Studio : a Casebook of Cyberpunk & Postmodern Science Fiction

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and published in 1968. The plot concerns the spaceship captain Lorq Von Ray's search for a

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Characters like the Mouse, Lynceos, Idas, Tyÿ, Sebastian, and even Katin can be seen as

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Description of work before Ashton Clark and Souquet's plugs and sockets resembles the

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was mixed. She noted the variety of readings it allowed and experiences it detailed:

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s last voyage. Echoing Katin's observation that stories about the quest for the

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line. In 2002, Vintage published a new edition with some textual changes. The

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indicating that Lorq will succeed in his quest, but at a very high price.

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Rivera, Lysa M. (2020). "Labour Imaginaries in Samuel R. Delany's Nova".

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This article is about the Delany novel. For the Burroughs trilogy, see

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Leo. Ruby attacks Lorq, but one of Sebastian's pets saves him and the

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technology is universal, yet making major decisions can involve using

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help her people. At the end of the novel, he asks Tyÿ for a reading.

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s themes; contemporary Delany works with aesthetic concerns include

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A Sense of Wonder: Samuel R. Delany, Race, Identity, and Difference

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Miesel, Sandra (1971). "Samuel R. Delany's Use of Myth in "Nova"".

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are never finished, the last sentence of the novel is incomplete.

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Lorq recruits the Mouse and other passers-by for a journey on the

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cards. It has strong mythological overtones, relating to both the

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However, the above passage is in both the original typescript of

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Lorq's parents and the Reds' father watching animals fight.

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was adapting the novel into an Amazon Prime Video series.

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movement. It prefigures, for instance, cyberpunk's staple

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poorly developed. Alan Brown also reviewed the novel for

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trilogy, and the name Ashton Clark alludes to the writer

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American Science Fiction: Four Classic Novels 1968-1969

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until 2001, when Gollancz reissued it as part of their

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above 300, explained as being part of the hypothetical

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At the end of the novel, Katin and the Mouse leave the

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depends on Illyrion, a rare and valuable power source.

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also refers to other space operas. A planet is named "

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a Norwegian father and a Senegalese mother from Earth.

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and Katin declares that his novel should be about the

1578:"Destruction and Renewal: Nova by Samuel R. Delany" 1367:has been described as the stylistic bridge between 1255:"Here are (at least some of) the ways you can read 754:, is a "classic Delany protagonist" in the mold of 159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2721:Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones 1337:is considered one of the major forerunners of the 436:, and how he was injured in a dangerous voyage. A 2306: 2304: 2302: 2891: 1556:Ash of Stars: On the Writing of Samuel R. Delany 710:. Katin makes an offhand remark indicating that 2099: 1894: 1892: 1766: 1764: 1558:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 102. 1225:"Samuel R. Delany, right now, as of this book, 2299: 1933:"The Surreal Translations of Samuel R. Delany" 1614:"Overloading the senses: Samuel Delany's Nova" 16:1968 science fiction novel by Samuel R. Delany 2402: 2022:. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 40–41. 988:prevented the novel from being serialised in 2208: 1889: 1761: 1709: 1707: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1064:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 2664:Neveryóna, or: The Tale of Signs and Cities 1967: 1965: 1905:The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1550:Fox, Robert Elliot (1996). "Meditations on 1507: 1505: 1248:The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 1184:This passage significantly alters Prince's 821:. Ruby Red has a poisoned tooth, recalling 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2409: 2395: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1422: 1420: 1363:has said he was influenced by Delany, and 732:culture in what he calls a "parlor game". 255: 2761:The Complete Nebula Award-Winning Fiction 2584:Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders 2310: 1853: 1851: 1704: 1596: 1128:While awaiting publication by Doubleday, 662: 237:Learn how and when to remove this message 219:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 2376:Errata for Nova, approved by the author. 2267: 1962: 1930: 1857: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1638: 1562: 1511: 1502: 1119: 864:Ray has had other tales attached to it. 695:The 20th century is a pivotal period in 1919: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1417: 987: 2892: 2524:Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand 2214: 2180: 2071: 2050:The New York Review of Science Fiction 2042: 2017: 1898: 1848: 1817:Auger, Emily E. (Spring–Summer 2018). 1740: 1713: 1675: 1611: 1493: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1199:Additionally, in the first edition of 982:descent, and his Earth-born mother is 2390: 2187:. Yale University Press. p. 18. 1971: 1816: 1770: 1658: 1575: 1113: 942:s concentration on point of view and 2791:Aye, and Gomorrah, and other stories 2416: 2345: 1864:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 1164:included it in their 2019 anthology 957:Another image of the work of art in 775:and Lorq Von Ray the captain of the 716:is still in existence, and mentions 157:adding citations to reliable sources 128: 66: 25: 2866:Times Square Red, Times Square Blue 2285:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction 1678:Canadian Review of American Studies 1549: 1529:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction 1446: 1357:but to control physical machinery. 785:, is an reference to the character 13: 1175: 1057:, dehumanizing labor described in 1048: 740: 14: 2986: 2369: 2043:Delany, Samuel R. (August 1998). 1931:Alterman, Peter S. (March 1977). 1639:Sheppard, R. Z. (29 March 1971). 993:before publication. The Mouse is 690: 41:This article has multiple issues. 1972:Govan, Sandra Y. (Summer 1984). 1899:Merril, Judith (November 1968). 597:, with itinerant lifestyles and 334:Print (hardback & paperback) 133: 71: 30: 2955:Novels about art and creativity 2910:American science fiction novels 2339: 2261: 2235: 2174: 2149: 2124: 2065: 2036: 2011: 1978:Black American Literature Forum 1810: 1777:Black American Literature Forum 1734: 1303:100 best science-fiction novels 1124:Cover of 2002 paperback edition 401:100 best science-fiction novels 144:needs additional citations for 49:or discuss these issues on the 2975:Novels set in the 32nd century 2930:Fiction about the Solar System 2346:Kesh, Jonathan (9 July 2023). 2215:Budrys, Algis (January 1969). 1858:Garrison, John (Winter 2007). 1771:Nilon, Charles (Summer 1984). 1632: 1612:Walton, Jo (4 November 2010). 1543: 1403:In 2023, it was reported that 762:and a precursor to the Kid in 1: 1576:Brown, Alan (29 March 2018). 1410: 1398: 513: 2965:Fiction about assassinations 2826:The Motion of Light in Water 2045:"Racism and Science Fiction" 1353:these are not used to enter 1329: 1207: 882: 7: 2920:Doubleday (publisher) books 2905:1968 science fiction novels 2018:Tucker, Jeffrey A. (2004). 1554:". In Sallis, James (ed.). 1494:Delany, Samuel R. (2022) . 1035: 419: 383:quest for the Golden Fleece 97:the claims made and adding 10: 2991: 2181:Delany, Samuel R. (2021). 2072:Delany, Samuel R. (2001). 1714:Walton, Jo (31 May 2009). 1349:via implants; however, in 1347:interfacing with computers 634: 18: 2806: 2731: 2702: 2695: 2640: 2595: 2474:The Einstein Intersection 2424: 2317:. Duke University Press. 2311:McCaffery, Larry (1991). 2157:"Samuel R. Delany papers" 1755:10.3828/extr.1971.12.2.86 1295:Hugo Award for Best Novel 735: 708:The Mamas & the Papas 393:Hugo Award for Best Novel 357:novel by American writer 338: 330: 322: 312: 302: 292: 284: 276: 266: 261:First edition (hardcover) 254: 1374:The Stars My Destination 1301:listed it as one of the 1082: 667:Illyrion is a fictional 399:listed it as one of the 2915:Novels by Samuel Delany 2629:City of a Thousand Suns 1937:Science Fiction Studies 969: 850: 406:After Delany completed 2960:Social science fiction 2836:The Straits of Messina 2598:The Fall of the Towers 1387:includes allusions to 1265: 1231: 1215:reviewed the novel in 1125: 907: 663:Technology and science 476:returns to Pleiades. 391:was nominated for the 2935:Holy Grail in fiction 2925:Cyborgs in literature 2781:Atlantis: Three Tales 2771:Driftglass/Starshards 2609:Captives of the Flame 2383:at Worlds Without End 1690:10.3138/cras.2018.021 1311:wrote articles about 1253: 1223: 1123: 1020:when he was younger. 643:by the "psychorama". 2900:1968 American novels 2712:Aye, and Gomorrah... 2674:Flight from Nevèrÿon 2444:The Ballad of Beta-2 1641:"Books: Future Grok" 1305:written since 1949. 588:indentured servitude 428:The story begins on 403:written since 1949. 153:improve this article 2940:Fiction about novae 2619:The Towers of Toron 2434:The Jewels of Aptor 2184:Of Solids and Surds 1517:"Delany, Samuel R." 1221:, declaring that: 912:The two artists in 791:William Shakespeare 726:renaissance figures 677:island of stability 251: 2970:Novels about drugs 2945:Space opera novels 2816:Heavenly Breakfast 2684:Return to Nevèrÿon 2643:Return to Nevèrÿon 2425:Stand-alone novels 2271:(3 October 2022). 2217:"Galaxy Bookshelf" 2111:Library of America 1515:(3 October 2022). 1428:"1969 Hugo Awards" 1297:in 1969. In 1984, 1162:Library of America 1126: 1114:Publishing history 895:The tarot used in 877:Lynceus of Messene 842:However, although 819:Clark Ashton Smith 669:superheavy element 555:Harvard University 395:in 1969. In 1984, 280:Russell FitzGerald 249: 82:possibly contains 2950:Fictional museums 2887: 2886: 2846:Silent Interviews 2802: 2801: 2654:Tales of Nevèrÿon 2534:They Fly at Çiron 2514:Trouble on Triton 2223:. pp. 189–92 1132:was submitted to 346: 345: 323:Publication place 277:Cover artist 247: 246: 239: 229: 228: 221: 203: 168:"Nova" novel 127: 126: 119: 84:original research 64: 2982: 2880: 2870: 2860: 2850: 2840: 2830: 2820: 2795: 2785: 2775: 2765: 2755: 2745: 2724: 2715: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2678: 2668: 2658: 2633: 2623: 2613: 2588: 2578: 2574:Dark Reflections 2568: 2558: 2548: 2538: 2528: 2518: 2508: 2498: 2488: 2478: 2468: 2458: 2448: 2438: 2418:Samuel R. Delany 2411: 2404: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2308: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2161:Archives at Yale 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1969: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1928: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1907:. pp. 43–46 1896: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1855: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1768: 1759: 1758: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1711: 1702: 1701: 1673: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1609: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1573: 1560: 1559: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1491: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1424: 1285:M. John Harrison 1186:characterization 1140:John W. Campbell 1023:The crew of the 948: 941: 934: 923: 718:Bertrand Russell 701: 687:war impossible. 505: 461:balance of power 359:Samuel R. Delany 314:Publication date 271:Samuel R. Delany 259: 252: 248: 242: 235: 224: 217: 213: 210: 204: 202: 161: 137: 129: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 99:inline citations 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 21:The Nova Trilogy 2990: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2873: 2863: 2853: 2843: 2833: 2823: 2813: 2798: 2788: 2778: 2768: 2758: 2748: 2738: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2691: 2681: 2671: 2661: 2651: 2636: 2626: 2616: 2606: 2591: 2581: 2571: 2561: 2551: 2541: 2531: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2491: 2481: 2471: 2461: 2451: 2441: 2431: 2420: 2415: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2344: 2340: 2325: 2309: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2281:Langford, David 2269:Nicholls, Peter 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2249:. 1 August 1968 2241: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2136:Centipede Press 2130: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2016: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1990:10.2307/2904124 1970: 1963: 1953: 1951: 1929: 1920: 1910: 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Reviews 1262: 1209: 1206: 1177: 1174: 1168:, and in 2022 1158:SF Masterworks 1115: 1112: 1084: 1081: 1050: 1047: 1043:Harriet Tubman 1037: 1034: 971: 968: 909: 906: 899:is a modified 884: 881: 852: 849: 742: 739: 737: 734: 722:Susanne Langer 692: 691:Future history 689: 664: 661: 636: 633: 632: 631: 625: 616: 602: 577: 563: 547:Katin Crawford 544: 529: 515: 512: 421: 418: 344: 343: 340: 336: 335: 332: 328: 327: 324: 320: 319: 316: 313: 310: 309: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 289: 286: 282: 281: 278: 274: 273: 268: 264: 263: 260: 245: 244: 227: 226: 141: 139: 132: 125: 124: 107:September 2009 79: 77: 70: 65: 39: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2987: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2878: 2877: 2876:Shorter Views 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2812: 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