4734:
908:
4744:
1575:
1193:. Unlike earlier stories of space adventure, which either related the invasion of Earth by extraterrestrials, or concentrated on the invention of a space vehicle by a genius inventor, pure space opera simply took space travel for granted (usually by setting the story in the far future), skipped the preliminaries, and launched straight into tales of derring-do among the stars. Early stories of this type include
29:
1023:... colorful, dramatic, large-scale science fiction adventure, competently and sometimes beautifully written, usually focused on a sympathetic, heroic central character and plot action, and usually set in the relatively distant future, and in space or on other worlds, characteristically optimistic in tone. It often deals with war, piracy, military virtues, and very large-scale action, large stakes.
975:. Tucker defined space opera as the science fiction equivalent: A "hacky, grinding, stinking, outworn, spaceship yarn". Fans and critics have noted that the plots of space operas have sometimes been taken from horse operas and simply translated into an outer space environment, as famously parodied on the back cover of the first issue of
1031:
True space opera is epic in scale and personal with characters. It is about people taking on something bigger than themselves and their struggles to prevail. Though a setting beyond Earth is central, being on a spaceship or visiting another planet isn't the only qualifier. There must also be drama
1345:
emerged and was influenced by it, is darker, moves away from the "triumph of mankind" template of older space opera, involves newer technologies, and has stronger characterization than the space opera of old. While it does retain the interstellar scale and scope of traditional space opera, it can
1349:
The new space opera was a reaction against the old. 'New space opera' proponents claim that the genre centers on character development, fine writing, high literary standards, verisimilitude, and a moral exploration of contemporary social issues. McAuley and
Michael Levy identify
1286:
in the 1930s and 1940s were popular with readers and much imitated by other writers. By the early 1940s, the repetitiousness and extravagance of some of these stories led to objections from some fans and the return of the term in its original and pejorative sense.
1313:, a number of mostly British writers began to reinvent space opera in the 1970s (although most non-British critics tend to dispute the British claim to dominance in the new space opera arena). Significant events in this process include the publication of
1422:. At one extreme, the genre is used to speculate about future wars involving space travel, or the effects of such a war on humans; at the other, it consists of the use of military fiction plots with some superficial science-fiction trappings in
894:
brought a great deal of attention to the sub-genre. After the convention-breaking "new wave", followed by the enormous success of the franchises, space opera became once again a critically acceptable sub-genre. Throughout 1982–2002, the
1092:
Early works which preceded the subgenre contained many elements of what would become space opera. They are today referred to as proto-space opera. Early proto-space opera was written by several 19th century French authors, for example,
3858:
1040:", in which the emphasis is on the effects of technological progress and inventions, and where the settings are carefully worked out to obey the laws of physics, cosmology, mathematics, and biology. Examples are seen in the works of
1510:
Westerns. Worlds that have been terraformed may be depicted as presenting similar challenges as that of a frontier settlement in a classic
Western. Six-shooters and horses may be replaced by ray guns and rockets.
924:. Both feature adventures in exotic settings, but space opera emphasizes space travel, while planetary romances focus on alien worlds. In this view, the Martian, Venusian, and lunar-setting stories of
1474:
also may emphasize space exploration as “the final frontier”. These
Western themes may be explicit, such as cowboys in outer space, or they can be a more subtle influence in space opera.
994:
as – paraphrased by
Hartwell and Cramer – "the good old stuff". Yet soon after his redefinition, it began to be challenged, for example, by the editorial practice and marketing of
1237:, August–September 1928). Similar stories by other writers followed through 1929 and 1930. By 1931, the space opera was well established as a major subgenre of science fiction.
3763:
2208:
A full description of more than 3,000 science-fiction stories from earliest times to the appearance of the genre magazines in 1930, with author, title, and motif indexes.
2067:
1726:
1306:
in the 1970s. By this time, "space opera" was for many readers no longer a term of insult but a simple description of a particular kind of science fiction adventure story.
920:
Space opera has been defined as "a television or radio drama or motion picture that is a science-fiction adventure story". Some critics distinguish between space opera and
2799:
1290:
Eventually, though, a fondness for the best examples of the genre led to a re-evaluation of the term and a resurrection of the subgenre's traditions. Writers such as
854:", a melodramatic domestic drama. Space operas emerged in the 1930s and continue to be produced in literature, film, comics, television, video games and board games.
1617:
Agafonova, Karina, et al. "How Do People Read
Science Fiction and Why is it Popular: Common Tendencies and Comparative Analysis." CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021.
1764:
981:. During the late 1920s and early 1930s, when the stories were printed in science-fiction magazines, they were often referred to as "super-science epics".
4169:
452:
1468:. Military science fiction however does not necessarily always include an outer space or multi-planetary setting like space opera and space Western.
1157:
2348:
3953:
2792:
2494:
3079:
1398:
Several subsets of space opera overlap with military science fiction, concentrating on large-scale space battles with futuristic weapons in an
1559:
1430:. The term "military space opera" is occasionally used to denote this subgenre, as used for example by critic Sylvia Kelso when describing
4149:
2565:
4747:
2979:
2785:
1174:. However, the idea for the novel arises out of a nationalistic genre of fiction popular from 1880 to 1914 called future-war fiction.
3224:
3039:
2079:
4327:
3828:
3482:
3316:
2686:
Letson, Russell; Wolfe, Gary K.; MacLeod, Ken; McAuley, Paul J.; Jones, Gwyneth; Harrison, M. John; Baxter, Stephen (August 2003).
1390:
specialises in space opera and military science fiction, publishing many of the aforementioned authors, who have won Hugo Awards.
1695:
1464:. That which brings them together under a common denominator is that military science fiction like space opera often concerns an
1177:
Despite this seemingly early beginning, it was not until the late 1920s that the space opera proper began to appear regularly in
1002:. In particular, they disputed the claims that space operas were obsolete, and Del Rey Books labeled reissues of earlier work of
4297:
4237:
2402:
Encyclopedia of Weird
Westerns: Supernatural and Science Fiction Elements in Novels, Pulps, Comics, Films, Television and Games
1064:. Other space opera works may be defined as a balance between both or simultaneously hard and soft science fiction such as the
712:
4583:
4495:
4265:
4154:
4110:
3677:
3576:
3571:
2661:
4774:
4592:
4530:
4285:
3913:
3748:
2854:
1260:, is often called the first great space opera. It merges the traditional tale of a scientist inventing a space-drive with
4779:
4164:
3803:
3687:
3157:
3033:
2847:
2841:
2769:
1530:
4561:
4525:
4459:
4159:
4105:
2955:
2291:
1678:
1643:
3647:
2747:
2640:
2541:
2414:
2157:
2130:
2016:
1740:
1341:, which follows some traditional space opera conventions. This "new space opera", which evolved around the same time
1170:. The novel depicts an interstellar conflict between solar men of Earth and a fierce humanoid race headquartered on
1016:. Only in the early 1990s did the term space opera begin to be recognized as a legitimate genre of science fiction.
4312:
4047:
3365:
2437:
1914:
1457:
1166:
803:
4789:
4784:
4510:
4393:
4247:
4191:
3938:
3783:
3326:
3259:
3249:
2885:
764:
4693:
4566:
4205:
4100:
4057:
4052:
3918:
3254:
2948:
2263:
2201:
1989:
1838:
1480:
1404:
428:
225:
152:
2598:
4658:
4383:
4358:
4292:
4179:
4141:
4067:
3833:
3446:
3387:
3343:
3281:
3217:
3147:
2899:
2871:
842:, but instead originally referred to the melodrama, scope, and formulaic stories of operas, much as used in "
128:
4602:
4444:
4280:
3591:
1427:
1006:
as space opera. By the early 1980s, space operas were again redefined, and the label was attached to major
990:
835:
623:
370:
20:
3441:
3296:
3047:
2831:
1829:
376:
4612:
3612:
3556:
3286:
3241:
2989:
2739:
2374:
1598:
1580:
1423:
1032:
and sufficiently large scope to elevate a tale from being simply space-based to being real space opera.
823:
346:
307:
4794:
4683:
4628:
4449:
4307:
4014:
3672:
3662:
3622:
3436:
3023:
2891:
2878:
2504:
1923:
1588:
896:
783:
319:
78:
4737:
4573:
4540:
4535:
4408:
4363:
4174:
4095:
4062:
3843:
3702:
3682:
3667:
3652:
3642:
3627:
3370:
3333:
3291:
3210:
3191:
3163:
3054:
2328:
1593:
1241:
984:
Beginning in the 1960s, and widely accepted by the 1970s, the space opera was redefined, following
819:
416:
33:
4302:
4131:
3943:
3923:
3697:
3692:
3637:
3632:
3617:
3586:
3566:
3360:
2996:
2972:
1524:
1519:
1355:
1145:
675:
499:
110:
1298:
had kept the large-scale space adventure form alive through the 1950s, followed by writers like
4713:
4413:
4353:
4322:
4090:
3973:
3963:
3773:
3657:
3561:
3426:
3321:
3006:
2406:
1858:
1460:
is that the principal characters in a space opera are not military personnel, but civilians or
977:
950:
946:
913:
721:
616:
331:
37:
3933:
3581:
2527:
2147:
2006:
1120:
Not widely popular, proto-space operas were nevertheless occasionally written during the late
4578:
4500:
4126:
3968:
3492:
3353:
3181:
2941:
2575:
1631:
1386:
as the most-notable practitioners of the new space opera. One of the most notable publishers
858:
492:
255:
3863:
2727:
2400:
2122:
2039:
1098:
4769:
4708:
4663:
4515:
4428:
4332:
4317:
4275:
4039:
3808:
3788:
3274:
3264:
3093:
2924:
2499:
1498:
1442:
1431:
1333:
1265:
1246:
1121:
1051:
1046:
1037:
925:
701:
567:
457:
243:
218:
145:
1402:. Many series can be considered to belong and fall in two genres or even overlap all like
8:
4703:
4607:
3778:
3404:
3116:
3109:
2117:
1732:
1492:
1319:
1189:
1152:
769:
732:
548:
508:
337:
267:
1125:
4587:
4257:
4222:
4214:
3888:
3838:
3813:
3725:
3505:
3269:
3126:
3013:
2466:
2442:
2190:
1447:
1133:
1114:
963:). At the time, serial radio dramas in the United States had become popularly known as
116:
1703:
4743:
4648:
4597:
4398:
4373:
3948:
3823:
3458:
3414:
3409:
3186:
2743:
2699:
2673:
2657:
2636:
2537:
2410:
2259:
2197:
2153:
2126:
2012:
1985:
1888:
1834:
1820:
1736:
1674:
1639:
1452:
1375:
1363:
1295:
1261:
1257:
1069:
1041:
995:
921:
811:
663:
381:
358:
351:
324:
103:
588:
4505:
4403:
4232:
3898:
3419:
2764:
2731:
2711:
2570:
2112:
1475:
1465:
1409:
1399:
1359:
1314:
1299:
1279:
1106:
1061:
1056:
1050:. At other times, space opera can concur with hard science fiction and differ from
881:
831:
749:
520:
236:
90:
60:
2777:
2566:"The Emancipation of Bat Durston, or: "I'm from Iowa, I Only Work in Outer Space""
1456:. The key distinction of military science fiction from space opera as part of the
4698:
4545:
4520:
4475:
3798:
3463:
3431:
3399:
3233:
2651:
1666:
1436:
1367:
1328:
1310:
1283:
1275:
1252:
1183:
1137:
1007:
972:
938:
827:
799:
639:
628:
600:
576:
504:
312:
283:
248:
231:
176:
140:
2687:
4688:
4673:
4668:
4490:
4485:
4242:
3994:
3928:
3903:
3873:
3848:
3768:
3753:
3140:
2108:
1954:
1824:
1383:
1270:
1162:
1003:
999:
933:
773:
758:
644:
572:
445:
409:
404:
388:
260:
164:
133:
66:
1103:
Star ou Psi de
Cassiopée: Histoire Merveilleuse de l'un des Mondes de l'Espace
4763:
4718:
4678:
4388:
3999:
3989:
3893:
3380:
2966:
2723:
2628:
2471:
2185:
1471:
1351:
1324:
1303:
1291:
1178:
1148:
1141:
1073:
300:
213:
182:
169:
121:
99:
95:
2299:
4480:
4270:
4227:
3958:
3878:
3818:
3793:
3730:
3103:
2935:
2864:
2224:
2220:
1773:
1546:
1461:
1218:
1194:
1081:
985:
891:
870:
865:
847:
560:
555:
544:
532:
480:
475:
440:
421:
364:
157:
4417:
4009:
3908:
3883:
3868:
3073:
2918:
1486:
1419:
1371:
968:
874:(1961–) is the most successful space opera book series ever written. The
843:
818:, it features technological and social advancements (or lack thereof) in
815:
680:
656:
651:
632:
604:
276:
206:
201:
187:
71:
1928:
1240:
However, the author cited most often as the true father of the genre is
4423:
4378:
4368:
4004:
3758:
3517:
2824:
1552:
1540:
1535:
1414:
1387:
1379:
1129:
964:
907:
851:
738:
684:
668:
393:
288:
272:
4184:
4072:
3853:
3532:
3527:
3500:
3470:
3453:
3133:
2533:
2044:
1507:
1342:
1012:
955:
886:
876:
807:
743:
727:
611:
527:
515:
433:
28:
4454:
3596:
3522:
3338:
3087:
2326:
Levy, Michael (June 2008). "Cyberpunk versus the new space opera".
795:
595:
487:
83:
3202:
2682:
Harrison discusses his view of the nature of space opera in depth.
2526:
Bould, Mark; Butler, Andrew; Roberts, Adam; Vint, Sherryl (2009).
4653:
4348:
3512:
1984:. St. Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. p. 200.
960:
717:
706:
583:
295:
1574:
3392:
1187:. In film, the genre probably began with the 1918 Danish film,
1171:
754:
857:
An early film which was based on space-opera comic strips was
3475:
3348:
2196:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. pp. 147–148.
2149:
Science
Fiction Criticism: An anthology of essential writings
1506:: it used frontier towns, horses, and the styling of classic
967:
because many were sponsored by soap manufacturers. The term "
839:
1502:
literalized the
Western aspects of the genre popularized by
2258:(3rd ed.). Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press. p. 56.
1638:(1st ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 36.
1128:
science-fiction era. Examples may be found in the works of
539:
838:, often in fictional galaxies. The term does not refer to
2685:
1636:
Space and Beyond: The frontier theme in science fiction
1563:
trilogy parody the conventions of classic space opera.
2525:
1256:, August–October 1928), written in collaboration with
3117:
The
Further Interplanetary Adventures of Flash Gordon
3110:
The Amazing Interplanetary Adventures of Flash Gordon
2225:"Future-war fiction: The first main phase, 1871–1900"
1671:
American Sports: A history of icons, idols, and ideas
1440:. Other examples of military space opera include the
2152:. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 133.
1852:
1850:
1570:
3094:
The New Adventures of Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future
2807:
2597:Hartwell, David G.; Cramer, Kathryn (August 2003).
1869:. Vol. 1, no. 1. p. 163 (back cover)
1054:by instead focusing on scientific accuracy such as
810:, risk-taking space adventures, relationships, and
2189:
1847:
1158:The Struggle for Empire: A Story of the Year 2236
826:, and sophisticated technology, on a backdrop of
4761:
1979:
1857:Cerutti, Vera; Gold, H.L., eds. (October 1950).
998:and in the reviews of her husband and colleague
2180:
2178:
2176:
2040:"A.K. DuBoff {Author of Architects of Destiny)"
1036:Space opera can be contrasted in outline with "
971:" had also come into use to describe formulaic
2596:
2184:
2068:"How Timothy Zahn's heir to the empire turned
1948:
1946:
1819:
846:", a 1930s phrase for a clichéd and formulaic
3218:
2793:
2107:
1696:"Perry Rhodan 35th anniversary Press Release"
945:The term "space opera" was coined in 1941 by
2464:
2349:"Space opera strikes up again for a new era"
2173:
1484:as a space Western (or more poetically, as “
2465:Murray, Noel; Bowman, Donna (1 June 2012).
2121:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Eos. p.
1980:Turner, Graeme; Cunningham, Stuart (2000).
1943:
1856:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1724:
3225:
3211:
2980:Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe
2800:
2786:
2736:The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction
2688:"Special section on 'The New Space Opera'"
2656:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 505–509.
2653:The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction
2529:The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction
2372:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
1912:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1393:
1323:in 1975 and a "call to arms" editorial by
1027:Author A.K. DuBoff defines space opera as:
1019:Hartwell and Cramer define space opera as:
899:was often given to a space opera nominee.
3040:Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
1833:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Tor Books.
1625:
1623:
2722:
2627:
2375:"23 Best Military Science Fiction Books"
2004:
1632:"What is this thing called space opera?"
906:
27:
2631:(1996). "Fun with senseless violence".
2438:"A First Showing for 'Star Trek' Pilot"
2321:
2319:
2317:
2272:
1788:
1693:
1629:
4762:
3969:Writers and Illustrators of the Future
2649:
2346:
2219:
2145:
2094:
1952:
1913:Sheidlower, Jesse, ed. (6 July 2008).
1728:A History of the Universe in 100 Stars
1725:Freistetter, Florian (15 April 2021).
1700:Perry Rhodan English Language Homepage
1665:
1620:
953:as a pejorative term in an article in
932:(and among the earliest), as would be
713:Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic
3206:
2781:
2564:Lilly, Nathan E. (30 December 2009).
2563:
2495:"12 Signs It's a Joss Whedon Project"
2398:
2253:
2065:
1969:– via Mid American Conventions.
1762:
1659:
1161:as the first space opera in his 1990
2650:Sawyer, Andy (2009). "Space Opera".
2325:
2314:
2011:. Wildside Press. pp. 167–168.
1769:escaped the George Lucas worldview?"
3232:
2848:Captain Video and His Video Rangers
2770:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
2289:
1921:. Science Fiction Citations in the
1531:Star Smashers of the Galaxy Rangers
911:Back cover of the premier issue of
13:
2956:Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe
2700:"Interview with Alastair Reynolds"
2621:
2492:
2188:& Bleiler, Richard J. (1990).
2008:The Sex Column and Other Misprints
14:
4806:
2757:
2674:"Interview with M. John Harrison"
2373:Livingston, Dan (14 March 2015).
2347:Walter, Damien (29 August 2014).
1426:with fictional civilizations and
1346:also be scientifically rigorous.
4742:
4733:
4732:
3317:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic
2192:Science-fiction, the Early Years
2146:Latham, Rob (23 February 2017).
2066:Britt, Ryan (28 February 2013).
1573:
1458:space warfare in science fiction
1167:Science-Fiction: The Early Years
3080:Buck Rogers in the 25th Century
2886:Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers
2712:"Interview with Charles Stross"
2590:
2557:
2519:
2486:
2458:
2430:
2399:Green, Paul (14 October 2009).
2392:
2366:
2340:
2247:
2213:
2139:
2059:
2032:
1998:
1973:
1906:
1763:Child, Ben (20 February 2017).
1337:; and the financial success of
4694:Science and technology studies
2256:The Overlook Film Encyclopedia
1953:Stokes, Keith (January 1941).
1881:
1756:
1718:
1687:
1611:
1481:Star Trek: The Original Series
1225:(1925), and Edmond Hamilton's
902:
1:
2680:. No. 12. December 2003.
1877:– via Internet Archive.
1604:
129:Legend of the Galactic Heroes
2310:– via Wayback Machine.
1496:and its cinematic follow-up
1331:in the Summer 1984 issue of
1244:. His first published work,
1197:'s "Invaders from Outside" (
814:. Set mainly or entirely in
371:The Chronicle of the Fallers
21:Space Opera (disambiguation)
7:
4775:Fiction about space warfare
4238:Space stations and habitats
3048:Zombies of the Stratosphere
2949:Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars
2633:The Silence of the Langford
1830:The Space Opera Renaissance
1765:"A modern space opera: Has
1634:. In Westfahl, Gary (ed.).
1566:
1514:
1428:fictional extraterrestrials
429:Remembrance of Earth's Past
16:Subgenre of science fiction
10:
4811:
4780:History of science fiction
2990:The Purple Monster Strikes
2740:Cambridge University Press
2718:. No. 8. August 2003.
2706:. No. 8. August 2003.
2446:. 22 July 1986. p. 18
1957:. Depts. of the interior.
1673:. Greenwood. p. 310.
1599:Space opera in Scientology
1581:Speculative fiction portal
1087:
308:Saga of the Skolian Empire
98:, and sequels/prequels by
18:
4727:
4684:Museum of Science Fiction
4641:
4629:Christian science fiction
4621:
4593:Self-replicating machines
4554:
4468:
4437:
4341:
4256:
4213:
4204:
4140:
4119:
4083:
4038:
4031:
3982:
3739:
3718:
3711:
3605:
3552:
3545:
3491:
3312:
3305:
3240:
3174:
3064:
3024:Flying Disc Man from Mars
2909:
2879:Rocky Jones, Space Ranger
2816:
1924:Oxford English Dictionary
1589:List of space opera media
1207:Amazing Stories Quarterly
897:Hugo Award for Best Novel
784:List of space opera media
400:Familias Regnant universe
320:Revelation Space universe
3192:Military science fiction
3164:Tom Corbett, Space Cadet
2855:Tom Corbett, Space Cadet
2734:; James, Edward (eds.).
2329:Voice of Youth Advocates
2005:Langford, David (2005).
1961:. No. 36. p. 9
1859:"You'll never see it in
1594:Military science fiction
1274:series and the works of
936:'s Burroughs-influenced
820:faster-than-light travel
377:The Night's Dawn Trilogy
4562:Artificial intelligence
4460:Simulated consciousness
2973:Radar Men from the Moon
2599:"Space opera redefined"
2229:Science Fiction Studies
1630:Pringle, David (2000).
1525:Bill, the Galactic Hero
1394:Definitions by contrast
1146:Science fiction scholar
500:Space Battleship Yamato
417:Zones of Thought series
111:Alliance-Union universe
4790:Science fiction genres
4785:Science fiction themes
4714:Technology and society
3582:Science Fiction Museum
3007:King of the Rocket Men
1982:The Australian TV Book
1034:
1025:
978:Galaxy Science Fiction
917:
722:Obsidian Entertainment
617:J. Michael Straczynski
332:The Saga of Seven Suns
42:
4313:Organ transplantation
3572:Libraries and museums
3493:Cyberpunk derivatives
3447:Utopian and dystopian
3182:Science fiction opera
2467:"Firefly: "Serenity""
2379:The Best Sci Fi Books
2292:"Junk yard universes"
2072:into science fiction"
1694:Rastatt (July 1996).
1560:Laugh It Up, Fuzzball
1223:Tarrano the Conqueror
1029:
1021:
910:
880:TV series (1966–) by
587:franchise created by
531:franchise created by
519:franchise created by
31:
4664:Fictional technology
4659:Fictional astronauts
4516:Frankenstein complex
2500:Entertainment Weekly
2254:Hardy, Phil (1995).
1443:Battlestar Galactica
1432:Lois McMaster Bujold
1309:According to author
1266:Edgar Rice Burroughs
1247:The Skylark of Space
1052:soft science fiction
1047:The Last Starfighter
1038:hard science fiction
926:Edgar Rice Burroughs
568:Battlestar Galactica
458:Christopher Ruocchio
341:by Kevin J. Anderson
244:Galactic Center Saga
219:Stephen R. Donaldson
146:Lois McMaster Bujold
46:Space opera examples
19:For other uses, see
4704:Speculative fiction
4298:Genetic engineering
2811:serials (1930–1960)
2186:Bleiler, Everett F.
2118:The New Space Opera
1915:"Planetary romance"
1405:Ender's Game series
1320:The Centauri Device
1209:, spring 1928) and
1153:Robert William Cole
959:(a science fiction
770:Edward E. Simbalist
733:Relic Entertainment
549:Jeffrey Hirschfield
509:Yoshinobu Nishizaki
466:Television and film
338:The Saga of Shadows
268:The Sten Chronicles
226:Ender's Game series
47:
4531:Message from space
4496:Ancient astronauts
4384:Parallel universes
4359:Extrasolar planets
4266:Biological warfare
3388:Parallel universes
3270:Scientific romance
3127:Journey into Space
3014:Lost Planet Airmen
2507:on 22 January 2014
2443:The New York Times
1821:Hartwell, David G.
1448:Robert A. Heinlein
1217:, February 1929),
1134:Garrett P. Serviss
1115:Camille Flammarion
1099:Nicolas-Edme RĂ©tif
1080:series created by
1068:prequel series by
991:Space Opera (1974)
930:planetary romances
918:
824:futuristic weapons
493:Rockne S. O'Bannon
117:Foreigner universe
45:
43:
4757:
4756:
4649:Alternate history
4637:
4636:
4598:Simulated reality
4328:Sex and sexuality
4281:Extraterrestrials
4200:
4199:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
3764:Campbell Memorial
3541:
3540:
3410:Planetary romance
3200:
3199:
3187:Planetary romance
2732:Mendlesohn, Farah
2663:978-0-415-45378-3
2223:(November 1997).
2113:Strahan, Jonathan
1955:"Suggestion dept"
1931:on 8 January 2008
1453:Starship Troopers
1424:fictional planets
1376:Peter F. Hamilton
1364:Alastair Reynolds
1296:Gordon R. Dickson
1262:planetary romance
1258:Lee Hawkins Garby
1242:E. E. "Doc" Smith
1211:The Star Stealers
1201:, January 1925),
1070:Kevin J. Anderson
1042:Alastair Reynolds
996:Judy-Lynn del Rey
922:planetary romance
890:films (1977–) by
832:interstellar wars
812:chivalric romance
789:
788:
776:and Phil McGregor
664:The Fifth Element
382:Peter F. Hamilton
359:Commonwealth Saga
352:James S. A. Corey
325:Alastair Reynolds
104:Kevin J. Anderson
72:E. E. "Doc" Smith
4802:
4795:1940s neologisms
4746:
4736:
4735:
4574:Astroengineering
4506:Evil corporation
4233:Matrioshka brain
4211:
4210:
4150:List of TV shows
4036:
4035:
3716:
3715:
3550:
3549:
3420:Sword and planet
3310:
3309:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3204:
3203:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2753:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2681:
2667:
2646:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2578:on 14 March 2014
2574:. Archived from
2571:Strange Horizons
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2503:. Archived from
2493:Franch, Darren.
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2409:. pp. 3–4.
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2323:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2298:. Archived from
2287:
2270:
2269:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2195:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:. Archived from
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1927:. Archived from
1919:Jesse Sheidlower
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1817:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:on 30 April 2008
1702:. Archived from
1691:
1685:
1684:
1667:Nelson, Murry R.
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1627:
1618:
1615:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1490:to the stars”).
1476:Gene Roddenberry
1466:interstellar war
1410:Orson Scott Card
1400:interstellar war
1360:M. John Harrison
1315:M. John Harrison
1300:M. John Harrison
1280:John W. Campbell
1268:. Smith's later
1264:in the style of
1203:The Second Swarm
1107:C. I. Defontenay
1062:Scott Westerfeld
1057:The Risen Empire
988:' definition in
882:Gene Roddenberry
836:fictional aliens
828:galactic empires
802:that emphasizes
521:Gene Roddenberry
453:Sun Eater series
237:Orson Scott Card
194:Cadicle Universe
48:
44:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4723:
4699:Sense of wonder
4633:
4617:
4550:
4546:Xenoarchaeology
4521:Galactic empire
4476:Africanfuturism
4464:
4433:
4337:
4252:
4196:
4136:
4115:
4079:
4019:
3978:
3741:
3735:
3707:
3601:
3537:
3487:
3464:Techno-thriller
3432:Climate fiction
3400:Science fantasy
3354:Anime and manga
3301:
3260:Anthropological
3236:
3234:Science fiction
3231:
3201:
3196:
3170:
3060:
3055:The Lost Planet
2905:
2812:
2806:
2763:
2760:
2750:
2742:. p. 197.
2710:
2698:
2672:
2664:
2643:
2635:. NESFA Press.
2624:
2622:Further reading
2619:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2536:. p. 508.
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2341:
2324:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2302:on 7 April 2014
2290:McAuley, Paul.
2288:
2273:
2266:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2183:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2109:Dozois, Gardner
2106:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2082:on 16 June 2015
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1867:Galaxy Magazine
1855:
1848:
1841:
1825:Cramer, Kathryn
1818:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1517:
1437:Vorkosigan Saga
1396:
1329:Colin Greenland
1311:Paul J. McAuley
1284:Jack Williamson
1276:Edmond Hamilton
1253:Amazing Stories
1184:Amazing Stories
1138:George Griffith
1090:
1008:popular culture
939:Eric John Stark
914:Galaxy Magazine
905:
800:science fiction
640:Lavender Castle
629:Joseph Mallozzi
601:Roland Emmerich
577:Ronald D. Moore
505:Leiji Matsumoto
313:Catherine Asaro
284:Uplift Universe
249:Gregory Benford
232:Homecoming Saga
177:Hyperion Cantos
153:Galactic Empire
141:Vorkosigan Saga
51:Written fiction
34:sci-fi magazine
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4740:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4689:Rubber science
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Future history
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Alien language
4488:
4486:Alien invasion
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:Mind uploading
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:Nanotechnology
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4243:Stellar engine
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3740:Literary, art,
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3141:Orbit One Zero
3137:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3098:
3097:
3083:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2997:Brick Bradford
2993:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2945:
2930:
2929:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2851:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2759:
2758:External links
2756:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2724:Westfahl, Gary
2720:
2708:
2696:
2683:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2629:Langford, Dave
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2589:
2556:
2542:
2518:
2485:
2457:
2429:
2415:
2391:
2365:
2339:
2313:
2271:
2264:
2246:
2212:
2202:
2172:
2158:
2138:
2131:
2093:
2058:
2031:
2017:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1942:
1905:
1893:Dictionary.com
1880:
1846:
1839:
1787:
1755:
1741:
1717:
1686:
1680:978-0313397523
1679:
1658:
1645:978-0313308468
1644:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1568:
1565:
1520:Harry Harrison
1516:
1513:
1450:'s 1959 novel
1446:franchise and
1395:
1392:
1384:Justina Robson
1356:Stephen Baxter
1179:pulp magazines
1163:reference work
1089:
1086:
1010:works such as
1004:Leigh Brackett
1000:Lester del Rey
934:Leigh Brackett
904:
901:
806:, with use of
787:
786:
780:
779:
778:
777:
774:A. Mark Ratner
761:
759:343 Industries
746:
735:
724:
709:
695:
694:
690:
689:
688:
687:
671:
659:
647:
645:Gerry Anderson
635:
619:
607:
591:
589:ShĹŤji Kawamori
579:
573:Glen A. Larson
563:
551:
535:
523:
511:
495:
483:
468:
467:
463:
462:
461:
460:
448:
446:David Feintuch
436:
424:
412:
410:Elizabeth Moon
396:
389:Imperial Radch
384:
354:
342:
327:
315:
303:
291:
279:
263:
261:Simon R. Green
251:
239:
221:
209:
197:
196:by A.K. DuBoff
190:
172:
165:Culture series
160:
148:
136:
134:Yoshiki Tanaka
124:
106:
86:
74:
67:Lensman series
61:Skylark series
53:
52:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4807:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Magic realism
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:Technological
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Transhumanism
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:First contact
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:Psychological
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Teleportation
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Portable hole
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4215:Architectural
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4111:Short stories
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Tähtivaeltaja
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:Space Western
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:Space warfare
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:Captain Video
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:Radio serials
3063:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:Captain Video
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:Commando Cody
2963:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:Movie serials
2908:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2893:Space Command
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:Captain Video
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2765:"Space opera"
2762:
2761:
2751:
2749:9780521016575
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:"Space Opera"
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:. No. 8.
2693:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2642:0-915368-62-5
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2545:
2543:9781135228361
2539:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2474:
2473:
2472:The A.V. Club
2468:
2461:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2416:9780786458004
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2336:(2): 132–133.
2335:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2161:
2159:9781474248624
2155:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2132:9780060846756
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2020:
2018:9781930997783
2014:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1889:"Space-opera"
1884:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1744:
1742:9781529410136
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1472:Space Western
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Iain M. Banks
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:David Pringle
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1304:C. J. Cherryh
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:Poul Anderson
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:Crashing Suns
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:E. F. Bleiler
1147:
1143:
1142:Robert Cromie
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Les Posthumes
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:Brian Herbert
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:or the movie
1043:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
982:
980:
979:
974:
973:Western films
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
952:
951:Wilson Tucker
948:
943:
941:
940:
935:
931:
927:
923:
916:
915:
909:
900:
898:
893:
889:
888:
883:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
864:, created by
863:
861:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:space warfare
801:
797:
793:
785:
782:
781:
775:
771:
767:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:
747:
745:
741:
740:
736:
734:
730:
729:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:
710:
708:
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
670:
666:
665:
660:
658:
654:
653:
648:
646:
642:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
618:
614:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:
592:
590:
586:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
562:
558:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:
536:
534:
530:
529:
524:
522:
518:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
494:
490:
489:
484:
482:
478:
477:
472:
471:
470:
469:
465:
464:
459:
455:
454:
449:
447:
443:
442:
437:
435:
431:
430:
425:
423:
419:
418:
413:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
395:
391:
390:
385:
383:
379:
378:
373:
372:
367:
366:
361:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:
343:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
326:
322:
321:
316:
314:
310:
309:
304:
302:
301:Frederik Pohl
298:
297:
292:
290:
286:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
262:
258:
257:
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
238:
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
220:
216:
215:
214:The Gap Cycle
210:
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
183:Ilium/Olympus
179:
178:
173:
171:
170:Iain M. Banks
167:
166:
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
147:
143:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:
125:
123:
122:C. J. Cherryh
119:
118:
113:
112:
107:
105:
101:
100:Brian Herbert
97:
96:Frank Herbert
93:
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:
69:
68:
63:
62:
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
49:
40:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4709:Supernatural
4481:Afrofuturism
4394:Space travel
4303:Invisibility
4271:Energy being
4248:Terraforming
4228:Dyson sphere
4223:Colonization
4155:Australasian
4048:Film history
3829:Grand Master
3375:
3162:
3156:
3148:Space Patrol
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3115:
3108:
3104:Flash Gordon
3102:
3092:
3086:
3078:
3072:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3005:
2995:
2988:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2954:
2947:
2942:Flash Gordon
2940:
2936:Flash Gordon
2934:
2923:
2917:
2900:Space Patrol
2898:
2892:
2884:
2877:
2872:Flash Gordon
2870:
2865:Captain Z-Ro
2863:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2830:
2823:
2808:
2768:
2735:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2677:
2652:
2632:
2607:. Retrieved
2602:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2576:the original
2569:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2528:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2498:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2470:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2401:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2378:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2353:The Guardian
2352:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2296:Paul McAuley
2295:
2255:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2232:
2228:
2221:Clarke, I.F.
2215:
2207:
2191:
2163:. Retrieved
2148:
2141:
2116:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:the original
2075:
2069:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2007:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1958:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1922:
1918:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1860:
1828:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:The Guardian
1772:
1766:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1727:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1699:
1689:
1670:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1635:
1613:
1558:
1551:
1547:Galaxy Quest
1545:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1470:
1462:paramilitary
1451:
1441:
1435:
1413:
1403:
1397:
1348:
1338:
1332:
1318:
1308:
1289:
1269:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1227:Across Space
1226:
1222:
1219:Ray Cummings
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:J. Schlossel
1190:Himmelskibet
1188:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1156:
1119:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1082:George Lucas
1077:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
989:
986:Brian Aldiss
983:
976:
954:
944:
937:
929:
919:
912:
892:George Lucas
885:
875:
871:Perry Rhodan
869:
866:Alex Raymond
860:Flash Gordon
859:
856:
848:Western film
808:melodramatic
791:
790:
763:
748:
737:
726:
711:
700:
674:
662:
650:
638:
622:
610:
594:
582:
566:
561:Terry Nation
554:
545:Lex Gigeroff
538:
533:George Lucas
526:
514:
498:
486:
481:Alex Raymond
476:Flash Gordon
474:
451:
441:Seafort Saga
439:
427:
422:Vernor Vinge
415:
403:
399:
387:
375:
369:
365:Void Trilogy
363:
357:
345:
336:
330:
318:
306:
294:
282:
266:
256:Deathstalker
254:
242:
230:
224:
212:
200:
193:
181:
175:
163:
158:Isaac Asimov
151:
139:
127:
115:
109:
89:
77:
65:
59:
36:
25:
4770:Space opera
4567:AI takeover
4414:Time travel
4374:Inertialess
4364:Force field
4354:Black holes
4323:Prosthetics
4185:Live-action
3954:Translation
3949:Tour-Apollo
3824:Golden Duck
3726:Jules Verne
3592:Women in SF
3557:Conventions
3442:Libertarian
3405:Dying Earth
3376:Space opera
3344:Inner space
3255:Definitions
3074:Buck Rogers
2925:Buck Rogers
2919:Buck Rogers
2832:Buck Rogers
2809:Space opera
2306:28 November
2239:28 November
2051:27 November
1487:Wagon Train
1420:David Weber
1372:Ken MacLeod
1235:Weird Tales
1229:(1926) and
1215:Weird Tales
1199:Weird Tales
969:horse opera
965:soap operas
949:and author
903:Definitions
844:horse opera
840:opera music
816:outer space
792:Space opera
765:Space Opera
702:Mass Effect
681:Mark Fergus
676:The Expanse
657:Olan Rogers
652:Final Space
633:Paul Mullie
624:Dark Matter
605:Dean Devlin
405:Vatta's War
347:The Expanse
277:Chris Bunch
207:Larry Niven
202:Known Space
188:Dan Simmons
41:, June 1956
38:Imagination
4764:Categories
4603:Spacecraft
4579:Holography
4445:Group mind
4424:Warp drive
4379:Multiverse
4369:Hyperspace
4258:Biological
4142:Television
4106:Publishers
4084:Literature
3983:Multimedia
3899:Prometheus
3834:Grand Prix
3749:Astounding
3613:Australian
3518:Dieselpunk
3483:Underwater
3282:Golden Age
2825:Atom Squad
2609:8 February
2358:13 January
2265:0879516267
2203:0873384164
1991:1741153727
1898:20 January
1840:0765306174
1748:6 November
1710:6 November
1605:References
1553:Family Guy
1541:Spaceballs
1536:Mel Brooks
1478:described
1415:Honorverse
1388:Baen Books
1380:Ann Leckie
1130:Percy Greg
1113:(1872) by
1105:(1854) by
1097:(1802) by
947:fan writer
852:soap opera
739:Eve Online
685:Hawk Ostby
669:Luc Besson
394:Ann Leckie
289:David Brin
273:Allan Cole
79:Grand Tour
4622:Religious
4333:Symbiosis
4318:Parasites
4276:Evolution
4096:Magazines
4073:Tokusatsu
3854:Kitschies
3784:Deutscher
3742:and audio
3719:Cinematic
3673:Norwegian
3663:Hungarian
3623:Brazilian
3533:Steampunk
3528:Solarpunk
3501:Cyberpunk
3471:Tokusatsu
3454:Tech noir
3437:Christian
3415:Superhero
3306:Subgenres
3134:Orbiter X
2817:TV series
2582:4 January
2549:4 January
2534:Routledge
2511:4 January
2478:4 January
2450:4 January
2422:4 January
2407:McFarland
2070:Star Wars
2045:Goodreads
1959:Le Zombie
1767:Star Wars
1508:John Ford
1504:Star Trek
1370:himself,
1343:cyberpunk
1339:Star Wars
1334:Interzone
1126:Edwardian
1122:Victorian
1078:Star Wars
1013:Star Wars
956:Le Zombie
942:stories.
928:would be
887:Star Wars
877:Star Trek
744:CCP Games
728:Homeworld
612:Babylon 5
556:Blake's 7
528:Star Wars
516:Star Trek
434:Liu Cixin
32:Cover of
4738:Category
4608:Tachyons
4455:Psionics
4429:Wormhole
4399:Stargate
4342:Physical
4175:Japanese
4170:European
4165:Canadian
4063:Japanese
4015:Spectrum
3995:Chandler
3929:Sunburst
3924:Sturgeon
3914:Sidewise
3904:Rhysling
3874:Nautilus
3844:Heinlein
3799:Endeavor
3754:Aurealis
3703:Yugoslav
3683:Romanian
3668:Japanese
3653:Estonian
3643:Croatian
3628:Canadian
3597:Worldcon
3567:Fanzines
3523:Nanopunk
3506:Japanese
3371:Military
3339:Grimdark
3334:Feminist
3297:Timeline
3292:New Wave
3088:Dan Dare
2726:(2003).
2605:(review)
2115:(2007).
2086:24 March
2024:24 March
1965:24 March
1935:24 March
1873:12 March
1827:(2006).
1780:24 March
1669:(2013).
1651:24 March
1567:See also
1515:Parodies
1499:Serenity
1181:such as
884:and the
796:subgenre
596:Stargate
488:Farscape
84:Ben Bova
4654:Fantasy
4642:Related
4613:Weapons
4588:Cyborgs
4349:Ansible
4160:British
4132:Theatre
3944:Tiptree
3919:Skylark
3864:LaĂźwitz
3849:Ignotus
3839:Harland
3814:Gaughan
3804:FantLab
3769:Chesley
3698:Spanish
3693:Serbian
3688:Russian
3638:Chinese
3633:Chilean
3618:Bengali
3587:Studies
3546:Culture
3513:Biopunk
3361:Mundane
3327:Sitcoms
3287:History
3250:Authors
3242:Outline
3175:Related
2603:SF Revu
2384:27 June
2165:30 June
2076:Tor.com
1733:Quercus
1493:Firefly
1412:or the
1368:McAuley
1271:Lensman
1088:History
1076:or the
961:fanzine
850:, and "
718:BioWare
707:BioWare
584:Macross
296:Heechee
4748:Portal
4674:Horror
4584:Robots
4541:Uplift
4469:Social
4418:Viewer
4293:Gender
4206:Themes
4101:Novels
4091:Comics
4058:Indian
4000:Dragon
3990:Aurora
3974:Zajdel
3959:Urania
3894:Parsec
3889:Norton
3879:Nebula
3859:Lambda
3819:Geffen
3809:Galaxy
3794:Ditmar
3774:Clarke
3731:Saturn
3712:Awards
3678:Polish
3658:French
3606:Region
3562:Fandom
3459:Spy-Fi
3427:Social
3393:Isekai
3322:Comedy
2746:
2660:
2639:
2540:
2413:
2262:
2200:
2156:
2129:
2111:&
2015:
1988:
1861:Galaxy
1837:
1823:&
1739:
1677:
1642:
1382:, and
1282:, and
1172:Sirius
1151:cites
1140:, and
862:(1936)
755:Bungie
575:&
4719:Weird
4501:Black
4404:Stars
4180:Anime
4127:Opera
4120:Stage
4068:Anime
4053:Films
4032:Media
4010:Seiun
3964:Vogel
3909:SFERA
3884:Nommo
3869:Locus
3779:Crook
3648:Czech
3577:ISFDB
3476:Kaiju
3349:Mecha
2730:. In
2716:Locus
2704:Locus
2692:Locus
2678:Locus
1111:Lumen
834:with
794:is a
693:Games
4586:and
4526:LGBT
4286:List
4192:U.S.
4040:Film
4005:Hugo
3789:Dick
3759:BSFA
3275:Soft
3265:Hard
2744:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2637:ISBN
2611:2009
2584:2021
2551:2021
2538:ISBN
2513:2021
2480:2021
2452:2021
2424:2021
2411:ISBN
2386:2021
2360:2020
2308:2017
2260:ISBN
2241:2017
2235:(74)
2198:ISBN
2167:2017
2154:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2088:2017
2053:2021
2026:2017
2013:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1967:2017
1937:2017
1900:2016
1875:2019
1835:ISBN
1782:2017
1750:2021
1737:ISBN
1712:2021
1675:ISBN
1653:2017
1640:ISBN
1550:and
1528:and
1327:and
1302:and
1294:and
1124:and
1109:and
1072:and
1066:Dune
830:and
757:and
750:Halo
720:and
683:and
631:and
603:and
547:and
540:Lexx
507:and
402:and
374:and
335:and
275:and
229:and
180:and
114:and
102:and
91:Dune
64:and
3939:TBD
3107::
1538:'s
1522:'s
1418:by
1408:by
1317:'s
1155:'s
1060:by
798:of
768:by
753:by
742:by
731:by
716:by
705:by
679:by
667:by
655:by
643:by
627:by
615:by
599:by
571:by
559:by
543:by
503:by
491:by
479:by
456:by
444:by
432:by
420:by
408:by
392:by
380:by
350:by
323:by
311:by
299:by
287:by
271:by
259:by
247:by
235:by
217:by
205:by
186:by
168:by
156:by
144:by
132:by
120:by
94:by
82:by
70:by
4766::
3161::
3091::
3077::
3037::
2970::
2939::
2922::
2845::
2767:.
2738:.
2714:.
2702:.
2690:.
2676:.
2601:.
2568:.
2532:.
2497:.
2469:.
2440:.
2405:.
2377:.
2351:.
2334:31
2332:.
2316:^
2294:.
2274:^
2233:24
2231:.
2227:.
2206:.
2175:^
2125:.
2096:^
2074:.
2042:.
1945:^
1917:.
1891:.
1865:.
1849:^
1790:^
1771:.
1735:.
1731:.
1698:.
1622:^
1557:s
1544:,
1534:,
1434:'s
1378:,
1374:,
1366:,
1362:,
1358:,
1354:,
1278:,
1221:'
1144:.
1136:,
1132:,
1117:.
1101:,
1084:.
868:.
822:,
772:,
673:•
661:•
649:•
637:•
621:•
609:•
593:•
581:•
565:•
553:•
537:•
525:•
513:•
497:•
485:•
473:•
450:•
438:•
426:•
414:•
398:•
386:•
368:,
362:,
356:•
344:•
329:•
317:•
305:•
293:•
281:•
265:•
253:•
241:•
223:•
211:•
199:•
192:•
174:•
162:•
150:•
138:•
126:•
108:•
88:•
76:•
58:•
4420:)
4416:(
3226:e
3219:t
3212:v
3167:)
3155:(
3120:)
3101:(
3085:(
3071:(
3043:)
3031:(
3017:)
3004:(
2983:)
2964:(
2959:)
2933:(
2928:)
2916:(
2858:)
2839:(
2801:e
2794:t
2787:v
2773:.
2752:.
2666:.
2645:.
2613:.
2586:.
2553:.
2515:.
2482:.
2454:.
2426:.
2388:.
2362:.
2268:.
2243:.
2169:.
2135:.
2123:2
2090:.
2055:.
2028:.
1994:.
1939:.
1902:.
1863:"
1843:.
1784:.
1752:.
1714:.
1683:.
1655:.
1555:'
1250:(
1233:(
1213:(
1205:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
