2034:
2226:
1954:
55:
2259:
33:
2045:
1983:, giving them their "jelly-like" or gelatinous appearance, and also help to protect them from their environment and can assist in the absorption of moisture. This allows them to survive stressful conditions such as fluctuating temperatures, drought, salt stress, desiccation, UV radiation, and infection by pathogens. Some species within the genus also have
2021:
can be found in a variety of environments, both terrestrial and aquatic, depending on the species. Their polysaccharide outer layer and matrix allows them to survive and thrive in a variety of conditions and habits ranging from deserts, semideserts, grasslands, polar, and tropical regions depending
1997:
genus form colonies. These colonies can reach several centimeters in diameter. These colonies consist of mats or gelatinous masses created by aggregated trichomes that can appear in a range of colors (depending on the species) such as brown, yellow, or green.
2154:
has the unique ability to survive and colonize new and bare mineral surfaces by moss and other higher plants, which then allows for more organic soil and stable vegetation. It has been suggested that
2933:
Mollenhauer, Dieter; Bengtsson, Roland; Lindstrøm, Eli-Anne (1999). "Macroscopic cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc: a neglected and endangered constituent of
European inland aquatic biodiversity".
1931:
colony is ordinarily not seen, but after a rain, it swells up into a conspicuous, jellylike mass, which was once thought to have fallen from the sky, hence the popular names, like
2787:"High-light–induced Changes on Photosynthesis, Pigments, Sugars, Lipids and Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater (Nostoc spongiaeforme) and Marine (Phormidium corium) Cyanobacteria"
2064:
may either be free-living in their environment, or they may form relationships with the other organisms in their environment, such as plants, fungi, or other bacteria. Because
1386:
2068:
is able to form colonies on the surface of bare minerals, it is able to provide a more stable environment for higher vegetation in its environment. Some species of
1326:
856:
776:
3272:
1466:
1076:
926:
836:
523:
2242:
is usually found outside of its natural habitat in plant nurseries and greenhouses. A number of different control methods can be effective in removing unwanted
2411:
2360:
2332:
1806:
1596:
1576:
1306:
1106:
1086:
736:
593:
423:
393:
273:
1686:
1676:
1636:
1416:
1236:
1206:
1136:
1096:
583:
463:
453:
1766:
1626:
1606:
1566:
1456:
1366:
1176:
1056:
986:
886:
846:
796:
726:
613:
383:
263:
213:
203:
193:
153:
143:
2397:
2353:
2309:
1796:
1776:
1736:
1716:
1706:
1556:
1526:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1316:
1276:
1256:
1066:
1046:
1036:
876:
746:
706:
696:
666:
633:
603:
543:
513:
443:
403:
373:
323:
293:
3021:
2375:
2294:
1696:
1666:
1656:
1516:
1426:
1396:
1266:
1246:
1196:
1166:
1026:
1016:
966:
946:
916:
906:
896:
806:
766:
756:
686:
676:
653:
573:
553:
533:
503:
473:
353:
333:
313:
243:
2368:
2005:
are able to enter quiescent stages, further aiding in their survival of adverse conditions, and allowing them to resume metabolism when re-hydrated.
1586:
1546:
1536:
1496:
1476:
1446:
1296:
1216:
1116:
976:
956:
866:
826:
816:
623:
493:
433:
303:
283:
253:
183:
2158:
be used in environments of retreating glaciers in order to establish new and more stable presences of vegetation on newly exposed mineral surfaces.
2346:
2302:
2287:
1756:
1506:
1436:
1146:
1126:
1006:
996:
936:
483:
363:
343:
223:
173:
3246:
2903:
1786:
1746:
1486:
1226:
1186:
716:
233:
1616:
1156:
786:
563:
163:
3298:
2124:
has been documented to produce many compounds of interest, including those that are antiviral, antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial.
3000:
1908:
and springs, and rarely in marine habitats. It may also be found in terrestrial temperate, desert, tropical, or polar environments.
3220:
2187:
have been consumed in China, where it was used to survive famines and has been used as an ingredient in
Chinese medicine since the
2654:
1927:"nose hole, nostril", likely due to appearance of many species colonies being similar to nasal mucus. When it is on the ground, a
3259:
2084:
that form colonies in freshwater environments provide a habitat to other freshwater bacteria. Additionally, some species like
2980:
2544:"Ecophysiology of gelatinous Nostoc colonies: unprecedented slow growth and survival in resource-poor and harsh environments"
2175:
has historically been utilized as a healthy food and traditional medicine, most notably in Asia
Historically, the species
2072:
also form relationships with plants that lack vascular tissue such as
Bryophytes because of their ability to fix nitrogen.
3264:
658:
3048:
1896:
is a genus that includes many species that are diverse in morphology, habitat distribution, and ecological function.
3334:
2033:
3303:
2972:
2404:
2746:"Nostoc cyanobacteria species: a new and rich source of novel bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential"
3367:
3285:
3029:
2246:
from these environments, including implementing increased drainage in these facilities, physical removal of
2225:
3372:
2968:
2895:
2104:
present in their environments, likely due to the fact that they are a potential significant player in
3339:
3313:
2188:
1953:
2030:
has been documented to be naturally found in marine water, fresh water, as well as brackish water.
54:
2605:"SS-AGR-431/AG430: Biology and Management of Nostoc (Cyanobacteria) in Nurseries and Greenhouses"
3160:
3085:
3108:
1968:
3251:
2418:
1646:
3326:
3004:
3362:
3181:
2339:
2206:
2092:
643:
8:
1286:
3212:
2963:(1989). "Food and food products from seaweeds". In Lembi, C. A.; Waaland, J. R. (eds.).
2238:
Because of human foot traffic, and contaminated gardening tools and irrigation systems,
3022:"GLERL/Sea Grant: Great Lakes Water Life Photo Gallery - Blue-green Algae - Cyanophtya"
2871:
2846:
2822:
2767:
2721:
2686:
2629:
2576:
2504:
2469:
2390:
1849:
1406:
49:
2744:
Nowruzi, Bahareh; Haghighat, Setareh; Fahimi, Hossein; Mohammadi, Ehsan (March 2018).
1869:
3321:
3168:
3044:
2976:
2876:
2814:
2806:
2726:
2708:
2581:
2563:
2509:
2491:
2425:
2382:
2321:
2263:
1984:
1726:
1376:
2826:
2771:
2217:
has also been considered to be a strong candidate for extraterrestrial agriculture.
3146:
2942:
2866:
2858:
2798:
2757:
2716:
2698:
2644:
2571:
2555:
2499:
2481:
2195:
has had documented culinary usage in India, Indonesia, Peru, Bolivia, and
Ecuador.
1877:
1861:
3173:
2080:
and other relationships with other bacteria in their environment. Some species of
2960:
2946:
3290:
2786:
2316:
2230:
2183:
2105:
2101:
2086:
1980:
413:
41:
2862:
2802:
2649:
2604:
1860:
found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form
3356:
3131:
2810:
2712:
2703:
2567:
2495:
2132:
1972:
1865:
1857:
86:
76:
3098:. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
2470:"Bioactive Peptides Produced by Cyanobacteria of the Genus Nostoc: A Review"
2281:. Species include (see collapsed list on the right for full listing) :
2880:
2818:
2730:
2585:
2513:
1888:
to its host through the action of terminally differentiated cells known as
3233:
3140:
2559:
2274:
2210:
2097:
1889:
106:
2685:
Aguilar, Pablo; Dorador, Cristina; Vila, Irma; Sommaruga, Ruben (2019).
2543:
3225:
2762:
2745:
2486:
2278:
2136:
1987:
1933:
1916:
1828:
96:
2687:"Bacterial Communities Associated With Spherical Nostoc Macrocolonies"
3238:
3207:
3194:
3155:
3094:
2258:
2202:
2077:
1873:
3277:
3102:
3062:"Aktuelle News, Schlagzeilen und Berichte aus aller Welt - Arcor.de"
3001:"Nikon MicroscopyU: Confocal Image Gallery - Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)"
3199:
3125:
2177:
2167:
1885:
66:
2044:
1872:
cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. It may also grow
2140:
32:
2743:
2468:
Fidor, Anna; Konkel, Robert; Mazur-Marzec, Hanna (2019-09-29).
3186:
2932:
1881:
3043:
Davidson, Alan. Oxford
Companion to Food (1999), "Nostoc".
2684:
1905:
1901:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
3061:
2467:
2209:. It has been suggested to be anti-inflammatory and an
648:
Harvey ex
Molinari-Novoa, Calvo-Pérez & Guiry, 2016
2917:
568:
Montagne & Berkeley ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1979:
possess an outer layer and extensive inner matrix of
1848:(not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as
2630:"Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)"
2055:
2127:In addition to the suggested pharmaceutical usage,
2750:Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research
2201:is also highly nutritious, containing protein and
1311:Bornet & Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1231:(F.E.Fritsch) J.Komárek & K.Anagnostidis, 1989
3354:
2785:Bhandari, Rupali; Sharma, Prabhat Kumar (2006).
2637:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
2161:
2784:
2220:
2386:(Linnaeus) C. A. Agardh ex Bornet et Flahault
2847:"Healthy efficacy of Nostoc commune Vaucher"
991:Vaucher ex Reháková & J.R.Johansen, 2007
2541:
2013:
2320:(Linnaeus) Vaucher ex Bornet et Flahault (
1151:Desmazières ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
31:
2870:
2761:
2720:
2702:
2648:
2627:
2575:
2503:
2485:
2364:(Carmichael ex Harvey) Bornet et Flahault
2116:
1111:Carmichael ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
811:Carmichael ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
598:Rabenhorst ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
2257:
2224:
2043:
2032:
1952:
1811:Areschoug ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
731:Schousboe ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
338:Brébisson ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1381:C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
348:C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
3355:
3083:
2959:
2953:
2146:
1731:Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1571:Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1561:Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1291:Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1271:Welwitsch ex West & G.S.West, 1897
1251:Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
1141:Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
681:Mougeot ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
418:Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, 1888
318:Lyngbye ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
3107:
3106:
2893:
2844:
2250:, and flame weeders or solarization.
1990:filaments enclosed in this membrane.
1011:Bornet ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
3314:ba728817-5dcd-431b-83cb-b03da33d1b5e
2840:
2838:
2836:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2026:. In terms of aquatic environments,
1919:and is a combination of the English
123:Vaucher, 1888, ex Bornet and Flahaul
2900:Eat The Weeds and other things, too
1904:, on moist rocks, at the bottom of
13:
3020:Office, NOAA Sea Grant Extension.
3019:
2993:
298:S.Skinner & T.J.Entwisle, 2002
14:
3384:
3054:
2833:
2671:
2592:
2520:
2446:
2056:Interactions with other organisms
861:Reháková & J.R.Johansen, 2007
53:
2973:Phycological Society of America
2906:from the original on 2019-01-31
2791:Photochemistry and Photobiology
2660:from the original on 2013-08-11
741:G.R.Hegde & K.Somanna, 1992
3003:. 9 March 2005. Archived from
2887:
2778:
2737:
2621:
2542:Sand-Jensen, Kaj (July 2014).
2001:Additionally, some species of
488:Maruyama & Fukushima, 1963
1:
2935:European Journal of Phycology
2845:Li, Zhuoyu; Guo, Min (2018).
2434:
2429:Vaucher ex Bornet et Flahault
2298:Lyngbye ex Bornet et Flahault
2162:Historical and culinary usage
2022:on the particular species of
1948:
851:Schwabe & El Ayouty, 1966
518:Reháková & Johansen, 2007
2947:10.1080/09670269910001736412
2439:
2076:has also been found to form
1856:is the most common genus of
1661:C.-C.Jao & Y.Y.Lee, 1974
438:Kogan & Jazkulieva, 1972
7:
2894:Deane, Green (2011-08-31).
2253:
2221:Human impact and management
1061:Bornet & Flahault, 1888
608:Bornet & Flahault, 1886
388:Prasad & Mehrotra, 1976
10:
3389:
2969:Cambridge University Press
2273:is a member of the family
2213:as well. Because of this,
2165:
2131:has also been a suggested
2060:Depending on the species,
2008:
1631:(Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1865
1171:Brébisson ex Kützing, 1849
1091:(Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1865
761:(Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1865
398:Laloraya & Mitra, 1974
378:Tournefort ex Bornet, 1880
148:Meneghini ex Kützing, 1849
3115:
3084:Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M.
2863:10.18632/oncotarget.23620
2803:10.1562/2005-09-20-ra-690
2691:Frontiers in Microbiology
2650:10.1099/00207713-47-2-584
1451:West & G.S.West, 1897
1081:Smith & Gerbaux, 2020
628:Harvey & Bailey, 1851
218:West & G.S.West, 1911
133:
128:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
2704:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00483
2111:
2096:form relationships with
2014:Habitat and distribution
1387:Nostoc pseudogelatinosum
2965:Algae and human affairs
2234:overtaking a footbridge
2108:in aquatic ecosystems.
771:Thuret ex Kützing, 1849
2267:
2235:
2117:Biotechnological usage
2098:heterotrophic bacteria
2078:symbiotic associations
2052:
2041:
2037:Terrestrial colony of
1961:
1751:Sant'Anna et al., 2007
1327:Nostoc peloponnesiacum
881:Sant'Anna et al., 2007
857:Nostoc indistinguendum
777:Nostoc gymnosphaericum
701:(Roth) Brébisson, 1870
158:Sant'Anna et al., 2007
16:Genus of cyanobacteria
2419:Nostoc thermotolerans
2261:
2228:
2207:essential amino acids
2047:
2036:
1956:
1781:Weber-van Bosse, 1913
1647:Nostoc thermotolerans
1467:Nostoc riabuschinskii
1077:Nostoc maramorgellons
927:Nostoc krishnamurthyi
837:Nostoc hydrocoleoides
659:Bory de Saint-Vincent
524:Nostoc diamorphoticum
268:C.G.M.Archibald, 1967
3368:Cyanobacteria genera
2412:Nostoc spongiaeforme
2361:Nostoc microscopicum
2340:Nostoc flagelliforme
2333:Nostoc ellipsosporum
1993:Many members of the
1807:Nostoc zetterstedtii
1597:Nostoc subtilissimum
1577:Nostoc sphaerosporum
1307:Nostoc passerinianum
1107:Nostoc microscopicum
1087:Nostoc margaritaceum
737:Nostoc ghotgewadense
644:Nostoc flagelliforme
594:Nostoc ellipsosporum
424:Nostoc conglomeratum
394:Nostoc coimbatorense
358:P.J.L.Dangeard, 1949
274:Nostoc bicalyptratum
2857:(18): 14669–14679.
2189:Eastern Jin Dynasty
2147:Environmental usage
1771:Prasad et al., 1977
1687:Nostoc tuberculosum
1677:Nostoc trentepohlii
1637:Nostoc thermophilum
1611:F.V.Wettstein, 1915
1417:Nostoc purpurascens
1287:Nostoc parmelioides
1237:Nostoc palmelioides
1207:Nostoc nylstromicum
1137:Nostoc minutissimum
1097:Nostoc membranaceum
584:Nostoc ellipsoideum
464:Nostoc crassisporum
454:Nostoc crassisporum
3026:www.glerl.noaa.gov
2763:10.1111/jphs.12202
2628:Potts, M. (1997).
2560:10.1093/aob/mcu085
2487:10.3390/md17100561
2405:Nostoc sphaeroides
2391:Nostoc punctiforme
2268:
2236:
2053:
2042:
1975:. Many species of
1962:
1767:Nostoc wartisporum
1627:Nostoc tenuissimum
1607:Nostoc symbioticum
1567:Nostoc sphaeroides
1457:Nostoc reticulatum
1407:Nostoc punctiforme
1367:Nostoc prismaticum
1177:Nostoc myriococcum
1057:Nostoc maculiforme
987:Nostoc lichenoides
887:Nostoc intestinale
847:Nostoc imperfectum
797:Nostoc heterothrix
727:Nostoc gelatinosum
614:Nostoc epilithicum
448:C.H.Prosperi, 1985
384:Nostoc citrisporum
264:Nostoc belmonticum
214:Nostoc antarcticum
204:Nostoc anisococcum
194:Nostoc amplissimum
154:Nostoc alatosporum
144:Nostoc agglutinans
3373:Lichen photobiont
3350:
3349:
3322:Open Tree of Life
3109:Taxon identifiers
2982:978-0-521-32115-0
2896:"Nostoc Num Nums"
2609:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
2426:Nostoc verrucosum
2398:Nostoc sphaericum
2383:Nostoc pruniforme
2354:Nostoc longstaffi
2310:Nostoc comminutum
2264:Nostoc pruniforme
2205:, as well as all
1945:mentioned above.
1819:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1797:Nostoc wollnyanum
1792:
1791:N.L.Gardner, 1927
1782:
1777:Nostoc wichmannii
1772:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1737:Nostoc vesicarium
1732:
1727:Nostoc verrucosum
1722:
1717:Nostoc variegatum
1712:
1707:Nostoc vaillantii
1702:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1581:N.L.Gardner, 1927
1572:
1562:
1557:Nostoc sphaericum
1552:
1542:
1541:N.L.Gardner, 1927
1532:
1527:Nostoc shensiense
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1377:Nostoc pruniforme
1372:
1362:
1357:Nostoc polysporum
1352:
1347:Nostoc polysaccum
1342:
1337:Nostoc peltigerae
1332:
1322:
1317:Nostoc pellucidum
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1277:Nostoc parietinum
1272:
1262:
1257:Nostoc papillosum
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1221:A.W.Bennett, 1890
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1101:N.L.Gardner, 1927
1092:
1082:
1072:
1067:Nostoc mamillosum
1062:
1052:
1047:Nostoc lophotelos
1042:
1041:F.E.Fritsch, 1912
1037:Nostoc longstaffi
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
922:
912:
902:
892:
882:
877:Nostoc interbryum
872:
862:
852:
842:
832:
831:A.W.Bennett, 1886
822:
812:
802:
792:
782:
772:
762:
752:
747:Nostoc glomeratum
742:
732:
722:
712:
711:F.E.Fritsch, 1912
707:Nostoc fuscescens
702:
697:Nostoc fragiforme
692:
682:
672:
667:Nostoc fluviatile
662:
649:
639:
634:Nostoc filarzskyi
629:
619:
609:
604:Nostoc endophytum
599:
589:
588:N.L.Gardner, 1927
579:
569:
559:
549:
548:F.E.Fritsch, 1912
544:Nostoc disciforme
539:
529:
519:
514:Nostoc desertorum
509:
499:
489:
479:
469:
459:
449:
444:Nostoc cordubense
439:
429:
419:
409:
404:Nostoc comminutum
399:
389:
379:
374:Nostoc ciniflonum
369:
359:
349:
339:
329:
324:Nostoc caladarium
319:
309:
308:N.L.Gardner, 1927
299:
294:Nostoc borzioides
289:
279:
269:
259:
249:
248:Desmazières, 1865
239:
229:
219:
209:
199:
189:
179:
169:
168:N.L.Gardner, 1927
159:
149:
124:
3380:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3291:NHMSYS0021057564
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3080:spec. in lichens
3076:
3074:
3072:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3028:. Archived from
3016:
3014:
3012:
2987:
2986:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2930:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2706:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2634:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2548:Annals of Botany
2539:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2489:
2465:
2376:Nostoc paludosum
2295:Nostoc caeruleum
2191:. Additionally,
2178:N. flagelliforme
2135:, and source of
2106:nitrogen cycling
1900:can be found in
1826:, also known as
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1697:Nostoc undulatum
1690:
1680:
1670:
1667:Nostoc torulosum
1660:
1657:Nostoc tibeticum
1650:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1517:Nostoc sergianum
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1427:Nostoc purpureum
1420:
1410:
1400:
1397:Nostoc punctatum
1390:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1281:Rabenhorst, 1863
1280:
1270:
1267:Nostoc paradoxum
1260:
1250:
1247:Nostoc paludosum
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1197:Nostoc notarisii
1190:
1180:
1170:
1167:Nostoc mougeotii
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1027:Nostoc locularis
1020:
1017:Nostoc littorale
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
967:Nostoc leptonema
960:
950:
947:Nostoc lacunosum
940:
930:
920:
917:Nostoc koraiense
911:Lemmermann, 1900
910:
907:Nostoc kihlmanii
900:
897:Nostoc inundatum
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
810:
807:Nostoc humifusum
800:
790:
780:
770:
767:Nostoc gregarium
760:
757:Nostoc granulare
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
690:
687:Nostoc fonticola
680:
677:Nostoc foliaceum
670:
657:
654:Nostoc flavicans
647:
637:
627:
617:
607:
597:
587:
577:
574:Nostoc elgonense
567:
558:Kondrateva, 1962
557:
554:Nostoc edaphicum
547:
537:
534:Nostoc diplonema
527:
517:
507:
504:Nostoc depressum
497:
487:
477:
474:Nostoc cristatum
467:
457:
447:
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
387:
377:
367:
357:
354:Nostoc catenatum
347:
337:
334:Nostoc calcicola
327:
317:
314:Nostoc caeruleum
307:
297:
287:
277:
267:
257:
247:
244:Nostoc arenarium
237:
228:De Notaris, 1869
227:
217:
207:
197:
187:
177:
167:
157:
147:
122:
58:
57:
35:
21:
20:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3111:
3087:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3057:
3035:
3033:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2996:
2994:General sources
2991:
2990:
2983:
2975:. p. 141.
2958:
2954:
2931:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2888:
2843:
2834:
2783:
2779:
2742:
2738:
2683:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2540:
2521:
2466:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2369:Nostoc muscorum
2256:
2223:
2170:
2164:
2149:
2119:
2114:
2093:N. flageliforme
2058:
2016:
2011:
1985:nitrogen-fixing
1981:polysaccharides
1971:photosynthetic
1967:are a genus of
1951:
1923:ril and German
1850:witches' butter
1815:
1741:A.B.Frank, 1886
1701:Archibald, 1967
1587:Nostoc spinosum
1547:Nostoc sinuatum
1537:Nostoc simulans
1497:Nostoc saxatile
1477:Nostoc rupestre
1447:Nostoc repandum
1441:Ercegovic, 1925
1341:Letellier, 1918
1297:Nostoc parvulum
1217:Nostoc opalinum
1117:Nostoc microtis
977:Nostoc letestui
957:Nostoc lacustre
931:S.Chandra, 2005
867:Nostoc insulare
827:Nostoc hyalinum
817:Nostoc hyalinum
791:S.C.Dixit, 1936
671:Liljeblad, 1816
638:G.De Toni, 1936
624:Nostoc expansum
618:Ercegovic, 1925
528:Itzigsohn, 1857
494:Nostoc delpinoi
458:Meneghini, 1837
434:Nostoc copiosum
304:Nostoc brittoni
284:Nostoc bornetii
254:Nostoc austinii
184:Nostoc ambiceps
139:
138:
121:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3137:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3101:
3100:
3081:
3056:
3055:External links
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3017:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2952:
2941:(4): 349–360.
2916:
2886:
2832:
2797:(3): 702–710.
2777:
2736:
2670:
2620:
2591:
2519:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2350:
2347:Nostoc linckia
2343:
2336:
2329:
2317:Nostoc commune
2313:
2306:
2303:Nostoc carneum
2299:
2291:
2288:Nostoc azollae
2283:
2255:
2252:
2231:Nostoc commune
2222:
2219:
2163:
2160:
2148:
2145:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2102:actinobacteria
2057:
2054:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
1950:
1947:
1943:witch's butter
1939:troll's butter
1915:was coined by
1854:witch's jelly,
1846:witch's butter
1834:troll's butter
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1757:Nostoc vulgare
1753:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1651:Suradkar, 2017
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1507:Nostoc segawae
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1437:Nostoc ramosum
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1401:H.C.Wood, 1873
1393:
1391:Claassen, 1961
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1301:C.-C.Jao, 1940
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1211:Claassen, 1961
1203:
1201:Franzoni, 1865
1193:
1183:
1181:Montagne, 1857
1173:
1163:
1161:C.Agardh, 1827
1153:
1147:Nostoc minutum
1143:
1133:
1127:Nostoc minimum
1123:
1121:Montagne, 1839
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1071:C.-C.Jao, 1940
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1007:Nostoc linckia
1003:
997:Nostoc limosum
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
951:Montagne, 1850
943:
937:Nostoc lacerum
933:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
650:
640:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
580:
570:
560:
550:
540:
538:Montagne, 1857
530:
520:
510:
508:H.C.Wood, 1873
500:
490:
484:Nostoc cycadae
480:
470:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
414:Nostoc commune
410:
400:
390:
380:
370:
364:Nostoc cesatii
360:
350:
344:Nostoc carneum
340:
330:
328:H.C.Wood, 1868
320:
310:
300:
290:
280:
270:
260:
258:H.C.Wood, 1873
250:
240:
230:
224:Nostoc apuanum
220:
210:
208:Sprengel, 1827
200:
198:Setchell, 1899
190:
188:C.-C.Jao, 1940
180:
174:Nostoc alpinum
170:
160:
150:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
42:Nostoc commune
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3082:
3079:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3049:0-19-211579-0
3046:
3042:
3032:on 2019-02-20
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3007:on 2005-03-09
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:Abbott, I. A.
2956:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2277:of the order
2276:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:biofertilizer
2130:
2125:
2123:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:cyanobacteria
1970:
1969:Gram-negative
1966:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:symbiotically
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:cyanobacteria
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:Richter, 1884
1799:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:Nostoc willei
1784:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:Schrank, 1812
1759:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:Nostoc viride
1744:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:Kützing, 1843
1689:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:Reinsch, 1890
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:C.C.Jao, 1948
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:Kützing, 1843
1489:
1488:
1487:Nostoc salsum
1484:
1481:Kützing, 1849
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:Elenkin, 1914
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:Roussel, 1806
1459:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1421:Kützing, 1843
1419:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:Reinsch, 1876
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:Reinsch, 1876
1349:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:Kützing, 1849
1329:
1328:
1324:
1321:Kützing, 1843
1319:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:Nostoc oryzae
1224:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:Kützing, 1849
1189:
1188:
1187:Nostoc nivale
1184:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:Kützing, 1842
1019:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
994:
989:
988:
984:
979:
978:
974:
971:Reinsch, 1876
969:
968:
964:
961:Kützing, 1843
959:
958:
954:
949:
948:
944:
941:Kützing, 1843
939:
938:
934:
929:
928:
924:
919:
918:
914:
909:
908:
904:
901:Kützing, 1843
899:
898:
894:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
849:
848:
844:
841:Reinsch, 1876
839:
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
809:
808:
804:
799:
798:
794:
789:
788:
784:
781:Kützing, 1843
779:
778:
774:
769:
768:
764:
759:
758:
754:
751:Kützing, 1850
749:
748:
744:
739:
738:
734:
729:
728:
724:
721:Kützing, 1863
719:
718:
717:Nostoc fuscum
714:
709:
708:
704:
699:
698:
694:
689:
688:
684:
679:
678:
674:
669:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
651:
646:
645:
641:
636:
635:
631:
626:
625:
621:
616:
615:
611:
606:
605:
601:
596:
595:
591:
586:
585:
581:
578:Naumann, 1925
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
556:
555:
551:
546:
545:
541:
536:
535:
531:
526:
525:
521:
516:
515:
511:
506:
505:
501:
496:
495:
491:
486:
485:
481:
476:
475:
471:
468:Geitler, 1933
466:
465:
461:
456:
455:
451:
446:
445:
441:
436:
435:
431:
426:
425:
421:
416:
415:
411:
408:Kützing, 1850
406:
405:
401:
396:
395:
391:
386:
385:
381:
376:
375:
371:
368:Balsamo, 1863
366:
365:
361:
356:
355:
351:
346:
345:
341:
336:
335:
331:
326:
325:
321:
316:
315:
311:
306:
305:
301:
296:
295:
291:
286:
285:
281:
276:
275:
271:
266:
265:
261:
256:
255:
251:
246:
245:
241:
238:Kützing, 1847
236:
235:
234:Nostoc arctum
231:
226:
225:
221:
216:
215:
211:
206:
205:
201:
196:
195:
191:
186:
185:
181:
178:Kützing, 1843
176:
175:
171:
166:
165:
161:
156:
155:
151:
146:
145:
141:
140:
132:
127:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:Cyanobacteria
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3116:
3093:
3077:
3069:. Retrieved
3066:www.arcor.de
3065:
3034:. Retrieved
3030:the original
3025:
3009:. Retrieved
3005:the original
2964:
2955:
2938:
2934:
2908:. Retrieved
2899:
2889:
2854:
2850:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2694:
2690:
2662:. Retrieved
2640:
2636:
2623:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2554:(1): 17–33.
2551:
2547:
2477:
2474:Marine Drugs
2473:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2286:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2214:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2143:production.
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1884:, providing
1864:composed of
1853:
1845:
1841:
1838:spit of moon
1837:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1671:Hirose, 1962
1665:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1621:Thuret, 1874
1617:Nostoc tenax
1615:
1605:
1595:
1591:Tiwari, 1979
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1551:G.S.An, 1992
1545:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1501:Zeller, 1873
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1431:Dickie, 1874
1425:
1415:
1411:Hariot, 1891
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1371:Cesati, 1865
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1157:Nostoc molle
1155:
1145:
1135:
1131:Currey, 1858
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1051:G.S.An, 1992
1045:
1035:
1031:G.S.An, 1992
1025:
1015:
1005:
1001:Zeller, 1873
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
945:
935:
925:
921:G.S.An, 1990
915:
905:
895:
891:G.S.An, 1992
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
825:
821:Roemer, 1845
815:
805:
801:Zeller, 1873
795:
787:Nostoc hatei
785:
775:
765:
755:
745:
735:
725:
715:
705:
695:
691:Brabez, 1941
685:
675:
665:
652:
642:
632:
622:
612:
602:
592:
582:
572:
564:Nostoc edule
562:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
482:
478:Bailey, 1847
472:
462:
452:
442:
432:
428:Hirose, 1962
422:
412:
402:
392:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
322:
312:
302:
292:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
192:
182:
172:
164:Nostoc album
162:
152:
142:
117:
116:
87:Cyanophyceae
40:
24:
18:
3363:Nostocaceae
3234:iNaturalist
3141:Wikispecies
2756:(1): 5–12.
2480:(10): 561.
2275:Nostocaceae
2211:antioxidant
2137:fatty acids
1890:heterocysts
1876:within the
1842:fallen star
1721:Moore, 1841
1711:Behre, 1953
1521:Borzì, 1892
1511:Okada, 1932
981:Frémy, 1930
871:Borzì, 1907
498:Borzì, 1878
278:Skuja, 1937
107:Nostocaceae
3357:Categories
3071:15 January
3036:2019-02-20
3011:15 January
2910:2019-02-20
2851:Oncotarget
2664:2011-11-05
2643:(2): 584.
2614:2022-04-24
2435:References
2279:Nostocales
2184:N. commune
2166:See also:
2087:N. commune
1988:heterocyst
1949:Morphology
1934:star jelly
1917:Paracelsus
1870:moniliform
1829:star jelly
1681:Mohr, 1806
1641:Vouk, 1916
1261:Kurz, 1870
288:Gain, 1911
97:Nostocales
3208:FloraBase
3156:AlgaeBase
3095:AlgaeBase
2811:0031-8655
2713:1664-302X
2568:1095-8290
2496:1660-3397
2440:Citations
2203:vitamin C
1925:Nasenloch
1911:The name
1866:filaments
3126:Wikidata
2904:Archived
2881:29581873
2827:24222149
2819:16464127
2772:80405030
2731:30949138
2655:Archived
2586:24966352
2514:31569531
2326:Koxianmi
2254:Taxonomy
2168:Fat choy
2048:Aquatic
1886:nitrogen
1862:colonies
129:Species
103:Family:
73:Phylum:
67:Bacteria
63:Domain:
3252:1025339
3226:3219414
3132:Q311257
2872:5865699
2722:6437075
2697:: 483.
2577:4071103
2505:6835634
2322:Chinese
2141:biofuel
2009:Ecology
1960:strains
1878:tissues
1852:), and
1241:Kützing
113:Genus:
93:Order:
83:Class:
3340:393172
3327:893787
3311:NZOR:
3278:nostoc
3200:1NOSTG
3147:Nostoc
3117:Nostoc
3088:Nostoc
3078:Nostoc
3047:
2979:
2879:
2869:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2770:
2729:
2719:
2711:
2584:
2574:
2566:
2512:
2502:
2494:
2271:Nostoc
2248:Nostoc
2244:Nostoc
2240:Nostoc
2215:Nostoc
2199:Nostoc
2193:Nostoc
2173:Nostoc
2156:Nostoc
2152:Nostoc
2129:Nostoc
2122:Nostoc
2082:Nostoc
2074:Nostoc
2070:Nostoc
2066:Nostoc
2062:Nostoc
2050:Nostoc
2039:Nostoc
2028:Nostoc
2024:Nostoc
2019:Nostoc
2003:Nostoc
1995:Nostoc
1977:Nostoc
1965:Nostoc
1958:Nostoc
1941:, and
1929:Nostoc
1913:Nostoc
1898:Nostoc
1894:Nostoc
1882:plants
1823:Nostoc
661:, 1827
118:Nostoc
25:Nostoc
3335:WoRMS
3247:IRMNG
3239:67332
3213:49868
3187:11781
3161:42976
2823:S2CID
2768:S2CID
2658:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
2112:Usage
1906:lakes
3304:1177
3299:NCBI
3273:LPSN
3265:1146
3260:ITIS
3221:GBIF
3195:EPPO
3174:64XT
3073:2019
3045:ISBN
3013:2019
2977:ISBN
2877:PMID
2815:PMID
2807:ISSN
2727:PMID
2709:ISSN
2582:PMID
2564:ISSN
2510:PMID
2492:ISSN
2181:and
2139:for
2100:and
2090:and
1921:nost
1902:soil
137:List
3286:NBN
3182:EoL
3169:CoL
2943:doi
2867:PMC
2859:doi
2799:doi
2758:doi
2717:PMC
2699:doi
2645:doi
2572:PMC
2556:doi
2552:114
2500:PMC
2482:doi
1880:of
1868:of
3359::
3337::
3324::
3301::
3288::
3275::
3262::
3249::
3236::
3223::
3210::
3197::
3184::
3171::
3158::
3143::
3128::
3092:.
3064:.
3024:.
2971:,
2967:.
2939:34
2937:.
2919:^
2902:.
2898:.
2875:.
2865:.
2853:.
2849:.
2835:^
2821:.
2813:.
2805:.
2795:82
2793:.
2789:.
2766:.
2752:.
2748:.
2725:.
2715:.
2707:.
2695:10
2693:.
2689:.
2673:^
2653:.
2641:47
2639:.
2635:.
2607:.
2594:^
2580:.
2570:.
2562:.
2550:.
2546:.
2522:^
2508:.
2498:.
2490:.
2478:17
2476:.
2472:.
2448:^
2324::
1937:,
1892:.
1844:,
1840:,
1836:,
1832:,
3090:"
3086:"
3075:.
3039:.
3015:.
2985:.
2949:.
2945::
2913:.
2883:.
2861::
2855:9
2829:.
2801::
2774:.
2760::
2754:9
2733:.
2701::
2667:.
2647::
2617:.
2588:.
2558::
2516:.
2484::
2328:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
