631:
397:
31:
54:
256:
869:
427:) trees reaching heights of 100 metres (330 ft). These forests are generally found in areas exposed to coastal fog. In the north, they occur on upland slopes, in riparian zones, and on riverine terraces. In the south, where annual precipitation is lower, they are constrained to coves and ravines. Coast Douglas-firs (
339:, and is kept moist by Pacific Ocean storms during the winter months, and by coastal fogs in the summer months. These factors keep the ecoregion cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, as compared to ecoregions further inland. The ecoregion is also defined by the distribution of the Coast Redwood (
1073:
Riparian woodlands and shrublands are a mosaic of tree-dominated plant communities and open shrublands found along rivers. Species composition varies with elevation, slope, floodplain width, and flooding history. Nevertheless, common trees include white alder
976:
consists of shrublands found at elevations below 1,500 feet (460 m) on bluffs, terraces, dunes, and hills near the coast. This habitat is often subject to wind and maritime fog. The shrubs are mostly evergreen, small-leaved, and
887:, or coastal prairies, are generally found below 1,000 feet (300 m) on coastal terraces or mountain balds. In areas where fire has been suppressed, coastal scrub plants invade. Common grasses include bentgrass (
1339:
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soils that receive moderate to high rainfall. The trees are a variety of needle-leaved and broad-leaved evergreen species. Characteristic trees include coast
Douglas-fir (
1739:
1713:
1687:
1639:
1591:
1832:
1359:
1065:). Coastal grassland succeeds to coastal scrub in the absence of fire, and coastal scrub succeeds to mixed evergreen forest under further absence of fire.
277:
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316:
The ecoregion covers 13,300 square kilometres (5,100 sq mi), extending from just north of the
California-Oregon border south, to southern
1512:
1364:
650:
are found in small, scattered patches throughout the ecoregion, typically adjacent to maritime chaparral. Common pines are lodgepole pine (
421:
The dominant forest type in this ecoregion is the coastal redwood forest. These are the tallest forests on Earth, with individual redwood (
1459:
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320:. The ecoregion rarely extends more than 65 km inland from the coast, narrower in the southernmost parts of the ecoregion.
1842:
1740:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland"
1489:
1319:
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546:
429:
481:). The deep shade cast by redwoods often results in a sparse understory, but shade-tolerant species include thimbleberry (
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Major urban centers located within this ecoregion include the montane portions of various cities of the
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1640:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Closed-Cone Conifer Forest and Woodland"
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Redwood forests are interspersed with several other plant communities throughout this ecoregion.
365:
270:
345:), with isolated groves located in protected canyons as far south as Redwood Gulch, in southern
1811:
995:
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832:
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1154:). Canopy cover varies from dense forest to open savannas. In forests, California blackberry (
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1766:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Live Oak Woodland and Savanna"
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1618:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Mixed Evergreen Forest"
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behind in Sunset Trail, Big Basin
Redwoods State Park, Santa Cruz Mountains, California.
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Temperate coniferous forests ecoregion in northern
California and southwestern Oregon
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Maritime chaparral is composed of a variety of shrubs that grow in the fog belt.
670:
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1688:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Grassland"
978:
860:). This habitat is often found near closed-cone conifer forests and woodlands.
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1714:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Scrub"
1592:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Redwood Forest"
1130:
1088:
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1082:
878:
824:) are local endemics. Other widespread shrubs and trees include chamise (
640:
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1666:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Maritime Chaparral"
161:
43:
1808:
Northern
California Coastal Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
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1186:
Some of the rarest forests that occurs in this coastal region are the
756:
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are locally common. Manzanita species include woolyleaf manzanita (
745:
457:) is often present. Other hardwoods include California bay laurel (
353:
are in the northernmost portion of the ecoregion, primarily within
1817:
1148:
Live oak woodlands and savannas are dominated by coast live oak (
675:
1802:
332:
239:
166:
868:
732:). Soil conditions sometimes cause these forests to take on a
78:
625:
580:). The shrub understory is dense and diverse; beaked hazel (
1567:"Northern California coastal forests | Ecoregions | WWF"
736:. Lichens and mosses are diverse and can be abundant.
1068:
1143:
1833:Temperate coniferous forests of the United States
540:are found just inland of the redwood forests, on
327:ecoregion, which extends up the Pacific Coast to
1824:
1198:. These forest are dominated by ponderosa pine (
981:. Characteristic species include coyote brush (
696:). Shrub species include glossyleaf manzanita (
1513:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
674:). These forests can also be home to several
1365:El Corte de Madera Creek Open Space Preserve
1460:Purisima Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve
1188:Maritime Coast Range Ponderosa Pine forests
284:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
97:California interior chaparral and woodlands
532:
391:
349:. The greatest concentration of remaining
1181:
1128:). Common shrubs include sandbar willow (
626:Closed-cone conifer forests and woodlands
304:Learn how and when to remove this message
1863:Geography of Humboldt County, California
1215:Samuel H. Boardman State Scenic Corridor
867:
629:
395:
323:The ecoregion is a sub-ecoregion of the
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1495:Bear Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve
678:cypresses, including Monterey cypress (
1825:
941:). Common forbs include Douglas iris (
806:) is common, while Mason's ceanothus (
511:), and many ferns, such as deer fern (
140:13,300 km (5,100 sq mi)
1792:"Northern California coastal forests"
1490:The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park
1320:San Bruno Mountain Ecological Reserve
739:
1530:
1340:Miramontes Ridge Open Space Preserve
1310:Golden Gate National Recreation Area
1190:, an example of which occurs in the
1107:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
863:
547:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
430:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
282:adding citations to reliable sources
249:
796:) occurs in southern Oregon. Among
451:). Like coast Douglas-fir, tanoak (
225:Northern California coastal forests
24:Northern California coastal forests
13:
1385:La Honda Creek Open Space Preserve
1375:La Honda Creek Open Space Preserve
1295:Austin Creek State Recreation Area
1260:Jackson Demonstration State Forest
1207:
790:), and others. Gasquet manzanita (
335:. The ecoregion lies close to the
14:
1884:
1784:
1405:Skyline Ridge Open Space Preserve
1370:Tunitas Creek Open Space Preserve
1069:Riparian woodlands and shrublands
1858:Redwood National and State Parks
1818:Conifers of Northwest California
1518:Cedar hemlock douglas-fir forest
1480:Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park
1465:Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve
1415:Saratoga Gap Open Space Preserve
1345:Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve
1230:Redwood National and State Parks
1178:) are common in the understory.
968:
254:
52:
29:
1848:Plant communities of California
1758:
1400:Monte Bello Open Space Preserve
1395:Los Trancos Open Space Preserve
1355:Teague Hill Open Space Preserve
1255:South Fork Eel River Wilderness
1144:Live oak woodlands and savannas
102:Central Pacific coastal forests
1732:
1706:
1680:
1658:
1632:
1610:
1584:
1559:
1545:"Atlas of Global Conservation"
1420:Long Ridge Open Space Preserve
1380:Windy Hill Open Space Preserve
1275:Montgomery Woods State Reserve
1265:Mendocino Headlands State Park
1250:Sinkyone Wilderness State Park
325:Pacific temperate rain forests
1:
1843:Pacific temperate rainforests
1742:. NatureServe. Archived from
1716:. NatureServe. Archived from
1690:. NatureServe. Archived from
1642:. NatureServe. Archived from
1594:. NatureServe. Archived from
1523:
1470:Big Basin Redwoods State Park
1315:San Bruno Mountain State Park
1196:Santa Cruz County, California
999:), seaside woolly sunflower (
1235:Humboldt Redwoods State Park
959:), and footsteps of spring (
947:), western blue-eyed grass (
818:), and wart-stem ceanothus (
726:), and California bayberry (
559:Notholithocarpus densiflorus
454:Notholithocarpus densiflorus
402:Notholithocarpus densiflorus
229:temperate coniferous forests
84:Temperate coniferous forests
7:
1506:
1500:Portola Redwoods State Park
1440:Pescadero Creek County Park
1425:Sanborn Skyline County Park
1335:Mill Creek Redwood Preserve
1059:), and western sword fern (
1002:Eriophyllum stoechadifolium
885:Northern coastal grasslands
787:Arctostaphylos montaraensis
690:), and Santa Cruz cypress (
648:Closed-cone conifer forests
383:
10:
1889:
1175:Toxicodendron diversilobum
1017:), California blackberry (
1014:Toxicodendron diversilobum
781:Arctostaphylos pajaroensis
708:), evergreen huckleberry (
705:Rhododendron groenlandicum
619:Toxicodendron diversilobum
586:), evergreen huckleberry (
574:), and golden chinquapin (
568:), California bay laurel (
523:), and leathery polypody (
405:, with Coast Douglas-firs
245:
1410:Stevens Creek County Park
1270:Jenner Headlands Preserve
1240:Headwaters Forest Reserve
1225:Patricks Point State Park
1005:), sticky monkey-flower (
893:spp.), California brome (
830:), California buckwheat (
769:Arctostaphylos nummularia
766:), glossyleaf manzanita (
723:Rhododendron macrophyllum
720:), Pacific rhododendron (
699:Arctostaphylos nummularia
595:Rhododendron macrophyllum
592:), Pacific rhododendron (
445:) and western red cedar (
213:
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195:
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175:
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136:
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89:
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65:
60:
51:
28:
23:
1868:Ecoregions of California
1547:. The Nature Conservancy
1455:Burleigh H. Murray Ranch
1435:Sam McDonald County Park
1390:Palo Alto Foothills Park
1305:Sonoma Coast State Beach
1110:), California sycamore (
905:), California oatgrass (
902:Calamagrostis nutkaensis
793:Arctostaphylos hispidula
763:Arctostaphylos tomentosa
577:Chrysolepis chrysophylla
571:Umbellularia californica
460:Umbellularia californica
107:Klamath-Siskiyou forests
1485:Wilder Ranch State Park
1475:Ano Nuevo State Reserve
1330:Rancho Corral de Tierra
1220:Tolowa Dunes State Park
1169:Heteromeles arbutifolia
1160:), creeping snowberry (
1092:), Fremont cottonwood (
987:), yellow bush lupine (
854:), and coast live oak (
827:Adenostoma fasciculatum
772:), Hooker's manzanita (
622:) are typically found.
610:), dwarf Oregon-grape (
538:Mixed evergreen forests
533:Mixed evergreen forests
499:), dwarf Oregon grape (
392:Coastal redwood forests
366:San Francisco Peninsula
1798:. World Wildlife Fund.
1796:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1430:Castle Rock State Park
1360:Wunderlich County Park
1182:Ponderosa pine forests
1122:), and bigleaf maple (
1104:), coast Douglas-fir (
996:Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
974:Northern coastal scrub
929:), prairie Junegrass (
926:Deschampsia caespitosa
923:), tufted hair-grass (
881:
833:Eriogonum fasciculatum
784:), Montara manzanita (
775:Arctostaphylos hookeri
748:species of manzanita (
668:), and knobcone pine (
644:
475:), and bigleaf maple (
418:
1838:Forests of California
1746:on September 23, 2017
1445:Pescadero State Beach
1290:Salt Point State Park
1285:Manchester State Park
1163:Symphoricarpos mollis
1134:) and arroyo willow (
908:Danthonia californica
899:), Nootka reedgrass (
871:
812:), Carmel ceanothus (
778:), pajaro manzanita (
702:), bog Labrador tea (
633:
542:Franciscan Assemblage
407:Pseudotsuga menziesii
399:
40:Redwood National Park
1350:Edgewood County Park
1280:Van Damme State Park
962:Sanicula arctopoides
821:Ceanothus verrucosus
803:Ceanothus oliganthus
693:Cupressus abramsiana
681:Cupressus macrocarpa
550:), canyon live oak (
439:), western hemlock (
424:Sequoia sempervirens
342:Sequoia sempervirens
278:improve this section
1853:Nearctic ecoregions
1571:World Wildlife Fund
1325:Montara State Beach
1172:), and poison oak (
1116:), coast live oak (
1062:Polystichum munitum
1044:Holodiscus discolor
1038:Rhamnus californica
1008:Mimulus aurantiacus
984:Baccharis pilularis
956:Grindelia hirsutula
953:), hairy gumplant (
950:Sisyrinchium bellum
935:), tall trisetuem (
845:Rhamnus californica
800:, hairy ceanothus (
687:Cupressus goveniana
616:), and poison oak (
553:Quercus chrysolepis
526:Polypodium scouleri
520:Polystichum munitum
487:), redwood sorrel (
236:Northern California
201:Critical/Endangered
197:Conservation status
1812:slow modem version
1300:Grove of Old Trees
1050:Gaultheria shallon
938:Trisetum canescens
932:Koeleria macrantha
920:Festuca idahoensis
882:
740:Maritime chaparral
729:Myrica californica
717:Gaultheria shallon
684:), Gowen cypress (
662:), Monterey pine (
645:
639:forest growing at
607:Quercus sadleriana
601:Gaultheria shallon
508:Gaultheria shallon
496:Aralia californica
442:Tsuga heterophylla
419:
1873:Plants by habitat
1803:Sempervirens Fund
1598:on March 10, 2016
1450:Butano State Park
1151:Quercus agrifolia
1125:Acer macrophyllum
1119:Quercus agrifolia
1113:Platanus racemosa
1095:Populus fremontii
1077:Alnus rhombifolia
1056:Heracleum maximum
1032:Rubus spectabilis
1026:Rubus parviflorus
1023:), thimbleberry (
917:), Idaho fescue (
864:Coastal grassland
857:Quercus agrifolia
815:Ceanothus griseus
809:Ceanothus masonii
604:), Sadler's oak (
565:Arbutus menziesii
484:Rubus parviflorus
478:Acer macrophyllum
472:Arbutus menziesii
351:Old-growth forest
314:
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1137:Salix lasiolepis
1053:), cow parsnip (
1035:), coffeeberry (
1029:), salmonberry (
993:), blueblossom (
990:Lupinus arboreus
944:Iris douglasiana
896:Bromus carinatus
874:Iris douglasiana
842:), coffeeberry (
839:Salvia mellifera
711:Vaccinium ovatum
656:), bishop pine (
589:Vaccinium ovatum
514:Blechnum spicant
436:Picea sitchensis
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1208:Protected areas
1201:Pinus ponderosa
1192:Carbonera Creek
1184:
1146:
1101:Salix laevigata
1098:), red willow (
1071:
1041:), oceanspray (
1011:), poison oak (
971:
911:), red fescue (
866:
836:), black sage (
742:
671:Pinus attenuata
628:
613:Mahonia nervosa
583:Corylus cornuta
535:
517:), sword fern (
502:Mahonia nervosa
493:), elk clover (
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347:Monterey County
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979:sclerophyllous
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851:Rhamnus crocea
848:), buckthorn (
751:Arctostaphylos
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659:Pinus muricata
653:Pinus contorta
636:Pinus muricata
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294:February 2023
287:
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263:This section
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149:United States
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37:
36:Coast Redwood
32:
27:
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1795:
1772:November 26,
1770:. Retrieved
1760:
1750:November 26,
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1734:
1724:November 26,
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
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1698:November 26,
1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1672:November 26,
1670:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:November 26,
1648:. Retrieved
1644:the original
1634:
1624:November 26,
1622:. Retrieved
1612:
1602:November 26,
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1586:
1576:November 16,
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1199:
1185:
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1155:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1131:Salix exigua
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1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
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1093:
1089:Acer negundo
1087:
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643:, California
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557:
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410:
406:
400:
387:
363:
340:
322:
315:
300:
291:
276:Please help
264:
224:
222:
206:Habitat loss
191:Conservation
183:
176:Climate type
116:Bird species
18:
1083:Alnus rubra
879:Point Reyes
641:Point Reyes
556:), tanoak (
466:Alnus rubra
234:of coastal
1827:Categories
1524:References
1245:King Range
1166:), toyon (
1047:), salal (
734:pygmy form
714:), salal (
598:), salal (
505:), salal (
370:Fort Bragg
361:counties.
162:California
44:California
38:forest in
877:patch at
798:Ceanothus
757:Ceanothus
411:menziesii
378:Brookings
359:Del Norte
265:does not
232:ecoregion
214:Protected
132:Geography
1507:See also
890:Agrostis
384:Habitats
355:Humboldt
72:Nearctic
746:Endemic
676:endemic
409:subsp.
286:removed
271:sources
246:Setting
209:4.6828%
145:Country
90:Borders
61:Ecology
1551:May 8,
754:) and
376:, and
374:Eureka
333:Alaska
240:Oregon
227:are a
217:15.76%
167:Oregon
155:States
79:Biome
67:Realm
1774:2012
1752:2012
1726:2012
1700:2012
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1604:2012
1578:2020
1553:2017
413:and
357:and
269:any
267:cite
223:The
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331:in
280:by
184:Csb
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