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frequency, intensity, and seasonality of the fire. One common factor among chaparral, however, is that a minimum of 10 years is needed between fires for the chaparral to mature and set enough seed in the soil to create a fire resilient environment. As human activity increases the frequency of fires, the chaparral's ability to renew itself decreases, leading to elimination and degradation. Moreover, non-native grasses will invade burned areas, making it increasingly difficult for healthy chaparral to grow.
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Although the chaparral is widely considered "fire-dependent," this is a misconception. Varying factors including the species present, angle and direction of the slope on which the chaparral grows, and local climate conditions affect how well the environment is able to respond to fire, along with the
758:
A new leadership intent to protect chaparral has been established by the United States Forest
Service to combat the increased rate of fires in the chaparral. California state policy has also recognized the need to protect the chaparral vegetation threatened by the fires.
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About one third of the original habitat remains, especially at higher elevations. Adapted to periodic fires, many species and communities in the ecoregion are highly fire resilient, and there are many species which regenerate by fires. The trees of
250:, with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures within the coast can range from 53° to 65 °F and 32° to 60 °F within the mountains. Many plant and animal species in this ecoregion are adapted to periodic fire.
751:) are adapted to open the cones and release seeds for new growth following the heat of forest fires. However, as fire regulation and suppression becomes more effective these communities cannot renew themselves.
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Other threats to the ecoregion include development, overgrazing, conversion to annual grasses, and invasive species. Invasive grasses often appear as the result of fires or human development in chaparral.
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Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.).
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Shrubby and herbaceous plants including many endemic species inhabit this ecoregion, and it is estimated there are 2036 species of them.
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are the most widespread plant communities in this ecoregion. The chaparral is composed of diverse shrubs and
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The Atlas of Global
Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference
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with small patches of mountain conifers, wetland, marsh, salt marshes, and riverside forest.
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These woodlands are varied and rich in plant life. The ecoregion contains areas of grass,
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Despite being termed as "inland", this ecoregion features extensive coastline between the
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The
California interior chaparral and woodlands ecoregion extends from as far north as
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covers 24,900 square miles (64,000 km) in an elliptical ring around the
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is one of the most extensive of the many varieties of oak in the woodlands:
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occur in this rich ecoregion. The endemic mammals include three species of
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Photos tagged with "California interior chaparral and woodlands" on flickr
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Forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion in
California, United States
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spp.), primitive bristletails, and land snails, also exist here.
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areas. These coastal regions are broken up by isolated patches of
947:"California interior chaparral and woodlands | Ecoregions | WWF"
923:"California interior chaparral and woodlands | Ecoregions | WWF"
872:"California interior chaparral and woodlands | Ecoregions | WWF"
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burned in every 25–50 years, and a few species including the
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within this ecoregion harbor many endemic species such as
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Major urban centers located within this ecoregion include
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Natural history of the
California chaparral and woodlands
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Small patches of coniferous forest are dominated by
1064:Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
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442:The pine and cypress communities on the areas of
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1069:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
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812:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1094:Forests of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
1028:California interior chaparral and woodlands
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245:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
234:California interior chaparral and woodlands
75:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
22:California interior chaparral and woodlands
1084:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
888:
766:Protected areas of the ecoregion include:
407:often emerges from the shrubs. Meanwhile,
303:California montane chaparral and woodlands
98:California montane chaparral and woodlands
772:Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument
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658:. Unusual invertebrate species, such as
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146:64,600 km (24,900 sq mi)
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450:. The main trees of this habitat are
368:shrublands, savanna dotted with oak,
305:, which inhabit the higher elevation
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93:California Central Valley grasslands
299:Northern California coastal forests
108:Northern California coastal forests
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796:Folsom Lake State Recreation Area
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1054:Plant communities of California
800:Carrizo Plain National Monument
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848:University of California Press
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776:Point Reyes National Seashore
899:"California Chaparral Biome"
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712:Reithrodontomys raviventris
640:Reithrodontomys raviventris
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971:"Threats to the Chaparral"
780:Mount Tamalpais State Park
729:California coastal prairie
628:narrow-faced kangaroo rat
241:California Central Valley
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35:Sunol Regional Wilderness
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1074:Ecoregions of California
903:www.blueplanetbiomes.org
720:Threats and preservation
636:salt marsh harvest mouse
602:Over seventy species of
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103:Klamath-Siskiyou forests
999:californiachaparral.org
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792:Pinnacles National Park
788:Henry W. Coe State Park
784:Mount Diablo State Park
741:Closed-cone pine forest
680:Melanerpes formicivorus
620:Heermann's kangaroo rat
395:and several species of
378:closed-cone pine forest
266:to as far south as the
768:American River Parkway
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696:Aphelocoma californica
1089:Forests of California
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311:Santa Lucia Mountains
268:Santa Barbara Channel
113:Sierra Nevada forests
1030:at Wikimedia Commons
590:Calocedrus decurrens
558:Cupressus macnabiana
472:California scrub oak
448:milkwort jewelflower
433:california black oak
1099:Sclerophyll forests
1079:Flora of California
951:World Wildlife Fund
927:World Wildlife Fund
876:World Wildlife Fund
542:Cupressus sargentii
272:Southern California
264:Northern California
196:Conservation status
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632:Dipodomys venustus
624:Dipodomys heermani
612:giant kangaroo rat
1026:Media related to
995:"Fuel Treatments"
857:978-0-520-26256-0
652:acorn woodpeckers
495:Coast Douglas-fir
437:interior live oak
411:is extensive and
295:San Francisco Bay
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452:Sargent cypress
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374:serpentine soil
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383:Chaparral and
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1002:. Retrieved
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608:kangaroo rat
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491:Coulter pine
483:Jeffrey pine
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215:Habitat loss
190:Conservation
182:
178:
171:Climate type
122:Bird species
37:, April 2004
33:Hillside in
664:Neivamyrmex
468:Bishop pine
318:Santa Maria
260:Shasta Lake
1043:Categories
1004:2021-11-12
980:2021-11-12
956:2020-11-16
932:2020-11-16
908:2021-11-12
881:2020-11-16
818:References
648:scrub jays
487:Sugar pine
429:valley oak
346:Santa Rosa
330:Santa Cruz
307:Santa Cruz
287:San Simeon
206:Global 200
200:Vulnerable
165:California
660:army ants
644:Indicator
503:white fir
417:scrub oak
405:Gray pine
401:ceanothus
397:manzanita
366:chaparral
281:towns of
254:Geography
237:ecoregion
223:Protected
138:Geography
806:See also
656:wrentits
413:Blue oak
354:Oroville
334:San José
291:Monterey
63:Nearctic
634:). The
626:), and
604:mammals
409:buckeye
393:chamise
350:Redding
342:Oakland
326:Salinas
218:12.915%
151:Country
81:Borders
52:Ecology
854:
654:, and
610:- the
435:, and
352:, and
283:Goleta
226:18.35%
598:Fauna
470:with
389:herbs
360:Flora
248:biome
161:State
70:Biome
58:Realm
852:ISBN
798:and
505:and
466:and
399:and
309:and
301:and
293:and
285:and
232:The
181:and
143:Area
87:List
731:in
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262:in
210:Yes
183:Csb
179:Csa
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
