2271:
915:
1874:
1770:
1819:
1500:
1794:
1753:
1675:
1627:
6525:
2346:
1940:
718:
2159:
1467:. During the quiescent periods (3000–1400 BC, and 1000 AD to present), a more northeasterly position of the Azores High would result in more hurricanes being steered toward the Atlantic coast. During the hyperactive period (1400 BC to 1000 AD), more hurricanes were steered towards the Gulf coast as the Azores High was shifted to a more southwesterly position near the Caribbean. Such a displacement of the Azores High is consistent with paleoclimatic evidence that shows an abrupt onset of a drier climate in
43:
6539:
851:
77:
1955:
2143:
5481:
779:" can be used interchangeably to describe this weather phenomenon. These storms are continuously rotating around a low pressure center, which causes stormy weather across a large area, which is not limited to just the eye of the storm. They are organized systems of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over tropical or subtropical waters and have closed low-level circulation, and should not be confused with
1179:) was the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record, with maximum sustained winds of 165 knots (190 mph; 305 km/h). However, these measurements are suspect, since instrumentation used to document wind speeds at the time was likely to succumb to winds of such intensity. Nonetheless, their central pressures are low enough to rank them among the strongest recorded Atlantic hurricanes.
2789:
2291:(2008) normalized mainland U.S. hurricane damage from 1900–2005 to 2005 values and found no remaining trend of increasing absolute damage. The 1970s and 1980s had low amounts of damage compared to other decades. The decade 1996–2005 has the second most damage among the past 11 decades, with only the decade of 1926–1935 surpassing its costs. The most damaging single storm is the
1253:. Hurricane Gilbert maintained a pressure of 900 hPa at landfall, as did Camille, making their landfalls tied as the second strongest. Hurricane Dean also made landfall on the peninsula, but it did so at peak intensity and with a higher barometric pressure; its landfall marked the fourth strongest in Atlantic hurricane history.
2299:
destruction and remote landfall limit the number of intense hurricanes in the official record before the era of hurricane reconnaissance aircraft and satellite meteorology. However, the record shows a distinct increase in the number and strength of intense hurricanes; therefore, experts regard the early data as suspect.
2333:
These active hurricane seasons predated satellite coverage of the
Atlantic basin. Before the satellite era began in 1960, tropical storms or hurricanes went undetected, unless a reconnaissance aircraft encountered one, a ship reported a voyage through the storm, or a storm landed in a populated area.
2261:
It has been observed that a poleward migration exists for the paths of maximum intensity of tropical cyclone activity in the
Atlantic, as shown by research on the latitudes at which recent tropical cyclones in the Atlantic are reaching maximum intensity. The data indicates that during the past thirty
2126:
in 2007. It was a small hurricane that formed and intensified faster than any other tropical cyclone on record before landfall. Developing on
September 12, 2007, in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone strengthened and struck High Island, Texas, with winds of about 90 mph (145 km/h)
1576:
Though the official end of the
Atlantic hurricane season occurs on November 30, the dates of October 31 and November 15 have also historically marked the end date for the hurricane season. December, the only month of the year after the hurricane season, has featured the cyclogenesis of
2232:
reconstructed
Atlantic major hurricane activity back to the early eighteenth century and found five periods averaging 3–5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 40–60 years, and six others averaging 1.5–2.5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 10–20 years. These periods are associated with
1881:
Although the hurricane season is defined as beginning on June 1 and ending on
November 30, tropical cyclones have formed in every month of the year. Since 1870, there have been 32 off-season cyclones, 18 of which occurred in May. In the same period, nine storms formed in December, three in
1785:. The month of September sees an average of 3 storms a year. By September 24, the average Atlantic season features 7 named tropical storms, including 4 hurricanes. In addition, two major hurricanes occur on average by 28 September. Relatively few tropical cyclones make landfall at these intensities.
2257:
While the number of storms in the
Atlantic has increased since 1995, there is no obvious global trend. The annual number of tropical cyclones worldwide remains about 87 ± 10. However, the ability of climatologists to make long-term data analyses in certain basins is limited by the lack of
2306:
estimated an undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910. These undercounts roughly take into account the typical size of tropical cyclones, the density of shipping tracks over the
Atlantic basin, and the amount of
1515:
between June 1 and
November 30, which delimit the modern-day Atlantic hurricane season. Though the beginning of the annual hurricane season has historically remained the same, the official end of the hurricane season has shifted from its initial date of October 31. Regardless, on an
1248:
or demise. However, three of the storms remained intense enough at landfall to be considered some of the strongest, most powerful land falling hurricanes – three of the ten hurricanes on the list constitute the three most intense
Atlantic landfalls in recorded history. The 1935 Labor Day
2179:
Coast varies on timescales of centuries to millennia. A few major hurricanes struck the Gulf Coast during 3000–1400 BC and during the most recent millennium. These quiescent intervals were separated by a hyperactive period between 1400 BC and 1000 AD, when the Gulf coast was struck frequently by
1760:
A decrease in wind shear from July to August contributes to an increase in tropical activity. An average of 2.8 Atlantic tropical storms develop annually in August. On average, four named tropical storms, including one hurricane, occur by August 30, and the first intense hurricane develops by 4
2191:
According to the Azores High hypothesis, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast. During the quiescent periods, a more northeasterly position of the Azores High would result in more hurricanes being steered towards the Atlantic coast. During the
1809:
are also cooler than in September. In October, only 1.8 cyclones develop on average, despite a climatological secondary peak around 20 October. By 21 October, the average season features 9 named storms with 5 hurricanes. A third major hurricane occurs after September 28 in half of all Atlantic
1589:
was the latest forming tropical cyclone to attain hurricane intensity. Both Zeta and Alice were the only two storms to exist in two calendar years – the former from 1954 to 1955 and the latter from 2005 to 2006. No storms have been recorded to exceed Category 1 hurricane intensity in
2298:
Partially because of the threat of hurricanes, some coastal regions had sparse populations between major ports until the advent of automobile tourism; therefore, the most severe portions of hurricanes striking the coast may have gone unmeasured in some instances. The combined effects of ship
1898:), tropical cyclones formed in the North Atlantic Ocean both during or before May and during December. 1887 holds the record for being the year with the most storms outside the hurricane season, with four off-season storms having occurred during it. However, high vertical wind shear and low
790:
Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34 knots, 17 m/s, 63 km/h), while hurricanes must achieve the target of one-minute maximum sustained winds that is 75mph or more (64 knots,
2192:
hyperactive period, more hurricanes were steered towards the Gulf coast, as the Azores High was shifted to a more southwesterly position near the Caribbean. Such a displacement of the Azores High is consistent with paleoclimatic evidence that shows an abrupt onset of a drier climate in
2212:
suggests that hurricane activity increased significantly during the past 500–1000 years, just as the Gulf Coast was amid a quiescent period during the last millennium. Evidence also shows that the average latitude of hurricane impacts has been steadily shifting northward towards
2334:
The official record, therefore, may lack mentions of storms in which no ship experienced gale-force winds, recognized it as a tropical storm (as opposed to a high-latitude extra-tropical cyclone, a tropical wave, or a brief squall), returned to port, and reported the experience.
1447:
in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin. Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear.
1536:
was initially thought to be the earliest forming major hurricane – a tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 115 mph (185 km/h) – however, following post-storm analysis, it was determined that Able only reached Category 1 strength, which made
2274:
The number of $ 1 billion Atlantic hurricanes almost doubled from the 1980s to the 2010s, and inflation-adjusted costs have increased more than elevenfold. The increases have been attributed to climate change and to greater numbers of people moving to coastal
1598:
reached Category 4 intensity on November 17 as it took an unprecedented west-to-east track across the Caribbean; its intensity made it the latest developing Category 4 hurricane, though this was well within the bounds of the hurricane season.
2249:
Categories 3 to 5). This trend is particularly strong in the North Atlantic, where the probability of cyclones reaching Category 3 or higher increased by 49% per decade. This is consistent with the theoretical understanding of the link between
1653:
Since 1851, a total of 81 tropical storms and hurricanes formed in June. During this period, two of these systems developed in the deep tropics east of the Lesser Antilles. Since 1870, three major hurricanes have formed during June, such as
2326:, 19 tropical storms formed, of which a record 4 occurred after November 1; 11 of the storms strengthened into hurricanes. Few hurricanes occurred from the 1840s to 1860s; however, many struck in the early 19th century, including an
1830:
increases throughout November, generally preventing cyclone formation. On average, one tropical storm forms during every other November. On rare occasions, a major hurricane occurs. The few intense hurricanes in November include the
1211:, with a pressure of 892 mbar (hPa; 26.34 inHg), is the third strongest Atlantic hurricane and the strongest documented tropical cyclone before 1950. Since the measurements taken during Wilma and Gilbert were documented using
814:
Until the mid-1900s, storms were named arbitrarily. From that period on, they were exclusively given feminine names, until 1979, when storms began being given both male and female names. The practice of naming storms from a
894:, a high-pressure system that usually extends east–west across the subtropics. South of the subtropical ridge, surface easterly winds (blowing from east to west) prevail. If the subtropical ridge is weakened by an upper
873:, used analogies such as "a leaf carried along in a stream" or a "brick moving through a river of air" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around
3669:
4373:
Landsea, C. W.; et al. (2004). "The Atlantic hurricane database re-analysis project: Documentation for the 1851–1910 alterations and additions to the HURDAT database". In Murname, R. J.; Liu, K.-B. (eds.).
1190:
became the strongest Atlantic hurricane recorded after reaching an intensity of 882 mbar (26.05 inHg) in October 2005; this also made Wilma the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide outside of the
783:, which are just another type of cyclone. They form over low pressure systems. In the North Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used, whereas "typhoon" is used in the Western Pacific near
3842:
1810:
tropical cyclone seasons. In contrast to mid-season activity, the mean locus of formation shifts westward to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, reversing the eastward progression of June through August.
2522:
823:
at the request of the affected nations to prevent confusion. On average, 14 named storms occur each season in the North Atlantic basin, with 7 becoming hurricanes and 3 becoming major hurricanes (
2262:
years, the peak intensity of these storms has shifted poleward in both hemispheres at a rate of approximately 60 km per decade, amounting to approximately one degree of latitude per decade.
2310:
Few above-normal hurricane seasons occurred from 1970 to 1994, and even less have occurred since 1995. Destructive hurricanes struck frequently from 1926 to 1960, especially in New England. In
6036:
842:
has started to use the same scale as the North Atlantic Ocean for tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean and assign names to those that reach 35 kn (65 km/h; 40 mph).
1713:. Storms travel westward through the Caribbean and then either move towards the north and curve near the eastern coast of the United States or stay on a north-westward track and enter the
1662:. Audrey attained an intensity greater than that of any Atlantic tropical cyclone during June or July until Hurricanes Dennis and Emily of 2005. The easternmost forming storm during June,
1686:
during July. From an average of Atlantic tropical cyclone seasons from 1944 to 1996, the first tropical storm in half of the seasons occurred by 11 July, and a second formed by 8 August.
2119:, respectively; both caused $ 125 billion in damages in their respective years. However, when adjusted for inflation, Katrina is the costliest, with $ 161 billion in damages.
1855:
strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane in early November 2020, becoming the third most intense tropical cyclone in November, and made landfall in Central America. In that same year,
1439:. These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones. There is a strong correlation between the amount of Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an
2322:, which saw 28 and 30 storms, respectively. Tropical hurricanes occurred infrequently during the seasons of 1900–25; however, many intense storms formed during 1870–99. During the
6031:
2008:
were once thought to have 8 and 7 respectively, but re-analysis showed that several storms during both seasons were weaker than thought, and thus the records are now held by the
1186:, the strongest Category 4 hurricane recorded, intensified to reach a minimum pressure of 916 hPa (27.05 inHg), a pressure typical of Category 5 hurricanes.
2287:, a "recent increase in societal impact from tropical cyclones has largely been caused by rising concentrations of population and infrastructure in coastal regions." Pielke
1520:. As of September 2021, there have been 88 tropical cyclones in the off-season, with the most recent being Tropical Storm Ana in May 2021. The first tropical cyclone of the
3164:
Liu, Kam-biu; Fearn, Miriam L. (2000). "Reconstruction of Prehistoric Landfall Frequencies of Catastrophic Hurricanes in Northwestern Florida from Lake Sediment Records".
4464:
3666:
902:). Poleward of the subtropical ridge, westerly winds prevail and generally move tropical cyclones that reach northern latitudes toward the east. The westerlies also move
1491:
suggests that hurricane activity has increased significantly during the past 500–1000 years, just as the Gulf coast was amid a quiescent period of the last millennium.
2208:
through the Gulf coast. Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High hypothesis. A 3,000-year proxy record from a coastal lake in
1642:, and other thermodynamic factors. Although June marks the beginning of the hurricane season, generally little activity occurs during the month, with an average of 1
1487:
through the Gulf coast. Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High hypothesis. A 3000-year proxy record from a coastal lake in
1431:
Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east due to disturbances other than tropical waves such as
1221:
is the fourth strongest Atlantic hurricane in terms of barometric pressure and one of three tropical cyclones from 2005 on the list, with the others being Wilma and
1237:
share intensities for the eighth strongest Atlantic hurricane at 905 mbar (26.72 inHg). The tenth place for the most intense Atlantic tropical cyclone is
2180:
hurricanes; their landfall probabilities increased by 3–5 times. This millennial-scale variability has been attributed to long-term shifts in the position of the
2706:
3846:
3725:
2530:
926:
3885:
3046:
2643:
4271:
1720:
Since 1851, a total of 105 tropical storms have formed during July. Since 1870, ten of these storms reached major hurricane intensity; out of them, only
1249:
hurricane made landfall at peak intensity, making it the most intense Atlantic landfall. Though it weakened slightly before its eventual landfall on the
5991:
4256:
1225:
at first and seventh respectively. However, with a barometric pressure of 26.43 inHg, Rita is the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the
5840:
5307:
5186:
3923:
McCloskey, T. A.; Knowles, J. T. (2009). "Migration of the tropical cyclone zone throughout the Holocene". In Elsner, J. B.; Jagger, T. H. (eds.).
3261:
17:
2245:
Between 1979 and 2019, the intensity of tropical cyclones increased; globally, tropical cyclones are 8% more likely to reach major intensities (
5970:
5365:
4400:
1545:
the new record holder, as it became a major hurricane on June 8. Though it developed within the bounds of the Atlantic hurricane season,
5422:
5314:
3911:
The Dealiest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts).
1456:
918:
The 20-year average of the number of annual Category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic region has approximately doubled since the year 2000.
4296:
1557:
on record after it reached 115 mph on June 27. However, reanalysis from 1956 to 1960 by NOAA downgraded Audrey to a Category 3, making
2556:
2611:
854:
The subtropical ridge (in the Pacific) shows up as a large area of black (dryness) on this water vapor satellite image from September 2000
4496:
2330:
that made landfall over New York City. Some historical weather experts say these storms may have been as high as Category 4 in strength.
888:, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tendency toward the north due to being under the influence of the
3321:
1603:(October 27 – November 1, 1961) was initially thought to have been the latest forming Category 5 hurricane ever documented, as was
1171:. The following table lists the most intense Atlantic hurricanes in terms of their lowest barometric pressure. In terms of wind speed,
804:
657:
1801:
The favorable conditions found during September begin to decay in October. The main reason for the decrease in activity is increasing
2380:
3537:
6254:
4340:
820:
819:
began in 1953. Since storm names may be used repeatedly, hurricanes that result in significant damage or casualties may have their
1581:
in 2005 was the latest tropical cyclone to attain tropical storm intensity, as it did so on December 30. However, the second
824:
4509:
2426:
1997:
1570:
4234:
509, 349–352 (15 May 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13278, received 21 October 2013 accepted 21 March 2014 published online 14 May 2014
3353:(FAQ). 4.5. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3291:(FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2865:
2819:(FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1905:
Among the tropical cyclones that formed in December, the lifespan of two continued into January of the following calendar year:
1877:
Probability of a tropical cyclone of tropical storm or hurricane strength at a specific date, expressed as systems per 100 years
2718:
2327:
1868:
1562:
1554:
1517:
1396:
serves to characterize the general properties of an average season and can be used for making forecasts. Most storms form from
6570:
3932:
2280:
1914:
1525:
4432:
2270:
5179:
5003:
3712:
2986:
2251:
898:, a tropical cyclone may turn poleward (north) and then recurve (curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the
3475:
803:
weather systems for the North Atlantic Basin and issues reports, watches, and warnings. It is considered to be one of the
6227:
6220:
6153:
6107:
3058:
1835:
in late October and early November 1932 (the strongest November hurricane on record, peaking as a Category 5 hurricane),
647:
3691:
6315:
6261:
4921:
3506:
3260:. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 June 2023.
2671:
1975:
914:
787:. The more general term "cyclone" is used in the rest of the ocean basins, namely the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
704:
652:
3448:
2698:
5415:
4383:
2491:
2284:
2225:
1913:
in 2005–06. Seven tropical or subtropical cyclones formed in January, two of which became Category 1 hurricanes: the
1682:
A low amount of tropical activity occurs during July, but the majority of hurricane seasons see the formation of one
808:
746:
1963:
was also the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States, causing historic and catastrophic flooding in
5647:
5549:
1873:
1630:
Typical locations and tracks of tropical systems in June; blue is likely, green more likely, and orange most likely
634:
1412:
is usually too weak to initiate sufficient rotation near the equator. Storms frequently form in the waters of the
6275:
6234:
5172:
4489:
2400:
2214:
1906:
1859:
strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on November 16, becoming the second most intense hurricane in November.
1769:
1582:
31:
3974:
3949:
3210:
Higuera-Gundy, Antonia; et al. (1999). "A 10,300 C yr Record of Climate and Vegetation Change from Haiti".
2939:
2914:
1818:
1195:, where seven tropical cyclones have been recorded to intensify to lower pressures; one of these hurricanes was
6268:
3538:
SUMMARY OF 2005 ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY AND VERIFICATION OF AUTHOR’S SEASONAL AND MONTHLY FORECASTS.
2390:
2385:
2360:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2116:
2112:
2076:
2043:
2032:
2028:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1793:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1659:
1615:
1604:
1591:
1586:
1550:
1542:
1533:
1521:
1405:
1176:
1143:
1128:
1110:
1089:
1068:
1047:
1026:
1005:
984:
963:
4278:
3105:
1752:
1182:
Owing to their intensity, the strongest Atlantic hurricanes have all attained Category 5 classification.
4899:
3045:
2642:
2137:
1499:
1200:
532:
4248:
2891:
1674:
1626:
6565:
6173:
6052:
5626:
5510:
5408:
5053:
4858:
2405:
2375:
1428:
off the coast of the eastern United States wherever water temperatures exceed 26.5 °C (79.7 °F).
6379:
6361:
5963:
5380:
4593:
2083:
838:
became the first storm of hurricane strength to be recorded in the South Atlantic Ocean. Since 2011, the
30:
This article is about North Atlantic tropical cyclones. For tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic, see
4224:
3593:
3253:
5448:
5244:
5123:
4482:
4315:
3148:. 23d Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Dallas, Texas: Amer. Meteor. Soc. pp. 374–377.
2185:
2147:
2061:
1910:
1663:
1578:
694:
52:
6143:
6086:
3407:
2774:
2590:
2365:
2123:
2027:
The least active season on record since 1946 (when the database is considered more reliable) was the
1736:, attained Category 5 hurricane status. The easternmost forming storm and longest-lived during July,
1421:
870:
796:
699:
4407:
3688:"Frequently Asked Questions: G4) Why do tropical cyclones occur primarily in the summer and autumn?"
3400:"Reanalysis of 1956 to 1960 Atlantic hurricane seasons completed: 10 new tropical storms discovered"
3399:
2770:
6529:
5861:
5654:
5605:
4983:
3730:
3266:(click on "What is the Total Number of Hurricanes and Average Number of Hurricanes in Each Month?")
2351:
2246:
2097:
1635:
1208:
1000:
6443:
6148:
5598:
5563:
5556:
5469:
4319:
4166:
2090:
1899:
1806:
1782:
1737:
816:
689:
2553:
2233:
the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Throughout the periods, a decadal oscillation related to
2224:
The number and strength of Atlantic hurricanes may undergo a 50–70 year cycle known as the
1610:, but both were later downgraded during subsequent reanalysis. Reanalysis also indicated that a
1524:, which formed on January 3, became the earliest-forming tropical storm, as post-hurricane
795:
form between August 1 and November 30, when most tropical disturbances occur. The United States
6384:
6338:
4988:
4978:
4914:
4095:
Kossin, James P.; Knapp, Kenneth R.; Olander, Timothy L.; Velden, Christopher S. (2020-05-18).
3373:
3320:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division.
3146:
Millennial-scale variability in catastrophic hurricane landfalls along the Gulf of Mexico coast
2618:
2458:
1948:
was the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States.
1721:
1639:
1566:
1164:
558:
2038:
The most intense hurricane (by barometric pressure) on record in the North Atlantic basin was
6329:
5854:
5675:
5640:
5503:
5224:
5195:
4973:
4348:
4097:"Global increase in major tropical cyclone exceedance probability over the past four decades"
1918:
1840:
1538:
1529:
1512:
1262:
903:
739:
553:
311:
235:
3997:
3314:
1634:
The beginning of the hurricane season is most closely related to the timing of increases in
1618:
reached Category 5 intensity later than any other hurricane on record in the Atlantic.
1241:, which is listed to have deepened to a pressure as low as 908 mbar (26.81 inHg).
6453:
6199:
5875:
5591:
5570:
4564:
4108:
4077:
4036:
3961:
3219:
3173:
3092:
2987:"Post Storm Data Acquisition – Hurricane Rita Peak Gust Analysis and Storm Surge Data"
2926:
2685:
Frequently Asked Questions: Subject G6 - What determines the movement of tropical cyclones?
2292:
2237:
was responsible for enhancing or dampening the number of major hurricanes by 1–2 per year.
2053:
The largest hurricane (in gale diameter winds) on record to form in the North Atlantic was
895:
671:
269:
3950:"Spatial Variations in Major U.S. Hurricane Activity: Statistics and a Physical Mechanism"
1250:
8:
6130:
6091:
6026:
5805:
5728:
5619:
5612:
5577:
5517:
5496:
5462:
5079:
5043:
4474:
4436:
3881:
2300:
1832:
1611:
1168:
666:
563:
502:
328:
4352:
4112:
4081:
4040:
3965:
3223:
3177:
3096:
2930:
1939:
865:(the atmospheric layer ranging from the ground to about eight miles (13 km) high).
59:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5432:
5209:
5084:
5048:
4963:
4953:
4440:
4199:
4139:
4096:
3979:
3812:
3345:"A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane?"
3235:
3189:
2205:
2197:
1484:
1472:
1207:, which held the record for the most intense Atlantic hurricane for 17 years. The
1196:
835:
316:
223:
184:
3423:
1843:
in late November 1985, which was the latest major hurricane formation on record until
6448:
6208:
5812:
5584:
5524:
5229:
5099:
5058:
4968:
4938:
4907:
4873:
4583:
4517:
4379:
4191:
4174:
4144:
4126:
3983:
3928:
3483:
3239:
3193:
3110:
2960:
2869:
2839:
2395:
2172:
2104:
2017:
1945:
1508:
1464:
1222:
1204:
1084:
1063:
979:
890:
878:
568:
4203:
3348:
3286:
2814:
2314:, twenty-one Atlantic tropical storms formed; the only years with more of them were
6543:
6168:
5756:
4805:
4799:
4601:
4505:
4311:
4230:
4183:
4134:
4116:
4044:
3969:
3227:
3181:
3100:
2934:
2234:
2108:
2031:, with four tropical storms, two hurricanes, and one major hurricane. Overall, the
1960:
1848:
1683:
1655:
1643:
1600:
1558:
1546:
858:
792:
764:
732:
446:
333:
245:
88:
3882:"Table 2. The thirty deadliest mainland United States tropical cyclones 1900–2000"
2450:
2096:
The deadliest hurricane to make landfall on the continental United States was the
717:
5868:
5763:
5742:
5700:
5455:
5293:
5094:
4704:
3673:
3452:
2560:
2279:
Atlantic storms are becoming more financially destructive, since five of the ten
2217:
over the past few centuries. This change has been sped up in modern times due to
2054:
2039:
2021:
1836:
1729:
1690:
1595:
1238:
1230:
1192:
1187:
1172:
1138:
1105:
1042:
958:
767:
that forms in the Atlantic Ocean primarily between June and November. The terms "
639:
414:
117:
5945:
4065:
2993:
2648:"Frequently Asked Questions: What determines the movement of tropical cyclones?"
2495:
1561:
of 2005 the earliest Category 4 on record on July 8, 2005. The earliest-forming
1244:
Many of the strongest recorded tropical cyclones weakened before their eventual
1163:
The intensity of a tropical cyclone is generally determined by either a storm's
6421:
5826:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5721:
5707:
5693:
5668:
5661:
5332:
4657:
4573:
3128:
2992:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
2258:
reliable historical data in some basins, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.
2176:
2072:
1856:
1844:
1714:
1694:
1647:
1607:
1460:
1413:
1409:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1203:
in the east Pacific; it had a pressure reading of 872 mbar. Preceding Wilma is
1183:
1123:
1021:
839:
722:
629:
463:
4929:
4277:(Press release). World Meteorological Organization. 2006-12-04. Archived from
3050:
3018:
2158:
1777:
The peak of the hurricane season occurs in September and corresponds with low
1416:, the Caribbean, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and in areas as far east as the
6559:
6346:
6300:
5996:
5791:
5749:
5735:
5542:
5370:
5339:
5089:
5033:
4868:
4666:
4162:
4130:
3906:
3687:
3344:
3282:
3114:
2810:
2793:
2684:
2647:
1852:
1702:
1436:
1397:
874:
850:
585:
539:
485:
434:
321:
4225:
The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity
4187:
4121:
3910:
3868:
3510:
2912:
2697:
Leonhardt, David; Moses, Claire; Philbrick, Ian Prasad (29 September 2022).
2425:
A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the
76:
6433:
6351:
6310:
5931:
5924:
5910:
5903:
5889:
5847:
5833:
5819:
5798:
5360:
5300:
5234:
4863:
4785:
4780:
4613:
4578:
4526:
4195:
4148:
3231:
3185:
2612:"Normas Da Autoridade MarĂtima Para As Atividades De Meteorologia MarĂtima"
2478:
2218:
2201:
1476:
475:
399:
230:
1954:
1851:
was a Category 4 storm that made landfall in Cuba in early November 2008.
6491:
6411:
6305:
6158:
6021:
5938:
5917:
5896:
5882:
5714:
5633:
5038:
5013:
4934:
4878:
4764:
4697:
4676:
4671:
4549:
4049:
2181:
1710:
1452:
1425:
1393:
862:
828:
624:
512:
507:
470:
419:
350:
296:
252:
240:
189:
1882:
April, and one each in January, February, and March. During four years (
6496:
6486:
6465:
6426:
6138:
6057:
5074:
5028:
4993:
4559:
2451:"What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?"
2370:
2047:
1827:
1802:
1778:
1432:
1417:
899:
866:
619:
602:
544:
492:
355:
291:
286:
279:
206:
201:
159:
147:
2142:
1444:
1440:
6460:
6416:
6396:
6112:
6001:
5239:
5155:
5150:
5142:
4998:
4888:
4883:
4831:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4539:
4534:
2913:
Willoughby, H.E.; Masters, J. M.; Landsea, C. W. (December 1, 1989).
1981:
The season in which the most tropical storms formed on record is the
1902:
generally preclude tropical cyclone formation during the off-season.
1212:
768:
614:
609:
404:
394:
306:
274:
257:
218:
196:
152:
4025:"Multidecadal variability of Atlantic hurricane activity: 1851–2007"
4024:
3080:
2868:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University. Archived from
6481:
6374:
6369:
5480:
5375:
5251:
4838:
4826:
4731:
4631:
3480:
Environment and development in coastal regions and in small islands
3078:
2915:"A Record Minimum Sea Level Pressure Observed in Hurricane Gilbert"
2863:
2699:"Ian Moves North / Category 4 and 5 Atlantic hurricanes since 1980"
2209:
1706:
1488:
1480:
1245:
409:
3482:. Coast and Beach Stability in the Lesser Antilles. Archived from
3421:
861:
are steered by flows surrounding them throughout the depth of the
6438:
6214:
5219:
5113:
4930:
4821:
4795:
4756:
4692:
4623:
4544:
4465:
Current map of mean sea level air pressures in the North Atlantic
3947:
3019:"TC FAQ: E17: How many hurricanes have there been in each month?"
2792:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2586:
2490:
2068:
1698:
1401:
885:
800:
780:
776:
772:
575:
453:
441:
389:
372:
343:
301:
264:
211:
140:
96:
3726:"Hurricane Iota makes landfall in Nicaragua as Category 4 storm"
4430:
4063:
3315:"Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT"
2221:
heating up, especially from fossil fuel-caused climate change.
2175:
research have revealed that major hurricane activity along the
1989:
was the one in which the most hurricanes formed on record (15).
377:
365:
360:
127:
122:
112:
105:
3667:
Climatology of Vertical Wind Shear Over the Tropical Atlantic.
2064:, which lasted for 27 days and 18 hours as a tropical cyclone.
1921:
in 2016. No major hurricanes have occurred in the off-season.
5214:
4958:
4652:
4606:
4297:"Normalized Hurricane Damage in the United States: 1900–2005"
3025:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2010-04-22
2845:(Preliminary Report). United States National Hurricane Center
2193:
2184:, which may also be linked to changes in the strength of the
1964:
1689:
Formation usually occurs in the eastern Caribbean around the
1468:
580:
517:
179:
172:
4222:
Kossin, James P., Emanuel, Kerry A, and Vecchi, Gabriel A.,
3129:
Effect of El Niño on U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, Revisited.
3079:
Christopher A. Davis & Lance F. Bosart (November 2003).
3051:"Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?"
2204:
during the late-Holocene as more moisture was pumped up the
1475:
years BP, and a change towards more humid conditions in the
80:
Tracks of North Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2019
4789:
4469:
4272:"Summary Statement on Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change"
3975:
10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2293:SVIMUS>2.0.CO;2
3713:
Graph showing average activity during the hurricane Season.
3371:
3054:
2940:
10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2824:ARMSLP>2.0.CO;2
2811:"E1) Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record?"
2651:
2550:
2151:
784:
597:
497:
480:
458:
384:
4504:
4398:
4378:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 177–221.
3504:
3106:
10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2730:BITC>2.0.CO;2
2892:"Western North Pacific Typhoon best track file 1951–2024"
2166:
2057:(2012) with a gale diameter of 870 miles (1,400 km).
2035:
remains the least active, with only one documented storm.
1646:
every 2 years. Tropical systems usually form in the
1503:
Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane frequency, by month
1459:, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the
592:
4094:
3948:
Elsner, James B.; Liu, Kam-biu; Kocher, Bethany (2000).
2984:
1516:
average of every few years, a tropical cyclone develops
4249:"Population Growth Is Making Hurricanes More Expensive"
3922:
3843:"Tropics: Nadine finally done, while Oscar strengthens"
3797:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3795:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3781:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3779:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3765:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3763:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3749:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3747:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3648:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3646:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3632:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3630:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3616:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3614:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3577:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3575:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3554:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3552:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3422:
Franklin, James L.; Brown, Daniel P. (March 10, 2006).
2696:
2162:
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Timeseries, 1856–2013
1215:, this pressure remains the lowest measured over land.
2200:
BP, and a change towards more humid conditions in the
2617:(in Portuguese). Brazilian Navy. 2011. Archived from
4247:
Philbrick, Ian Pasad; Wu, Ashley (2 December 2022).
4167:"Can We Detect Trends in Extreme Tropical Cyclones?"
3886:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3869:
The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996.
3205:
3203:
3047:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3023:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2644:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2341:
831:
peak of activity is typically around mid-September.
4334:
4332:
4242:
4240:
3596:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
3163:
2100:
in 1900, which may have killed up to 12,000 people.
1847:(a category 3 storm) in the 2016 hurricane season.
3246:
2958:
2925:(12). American Meteorological Society: 2824–2828.
2771:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1400:in warm waters several hundred miles north of the
906:and their cold and warm fronts from west to east.
4376:Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future
3867:Edward N. Rappaport and Jose Fernandez-Partagas.
3429:(Report). United States National Hurricane Center
3200:
2966:(Report). United States National Hurricane Center
791:33 m/s, 119 km/h). Most North Atlantic
55:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
27:Tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean
6557:
4329:
4237:
4064:Nyberg, J.; Winter, A.; Malmgren, B. A. (2005).
3548:
3546:
3473:
3342:
2690:
2295:, with $ 157 billion of normalized damage.
4433:"Hurricanes, Sea Level Rise, and New York City"
4338:
4101:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3743:
3741:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3449:"Atlantic Hurricane and Tropical Storm Records"
3441:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3041:
3039:
2672:Section 2: Tropical Cyclone Motion Terminology.
5971:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
4161:
4155:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3467:
3312:
3081:"Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis"
2985:National Weather Service (November 14, 2005).
2808:
2804:
2802:
2281:most expensive storms in United States history
2082:The strongest hurricane to reach land was the
5416:
5180:
4915:
4490:
4424:
4401:"U.S. and Caribbean Hurricane Activity Rates"
4076:(52, Fall Meet. Suppl): Abstract PP21C–1597.
3789:
3773:
3757:
3661:
3659:
3640:
3624:
3608:
3594:Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 1
3543:
3209:
3091:(11). American Meteorological Society: 2730.
2837:
740:
4392:
4345:Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
4066:"Reconstruction of Major Hurricane Activity"
4029:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
4022:
3738:
3562:
3152:
3036:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2484:
2016:seasons. Some storms in 2005 were Hurricane
1650:or off the east coast of the United States.
1528:concluded about the storm in December 2012.
4246:
3820:Hurricane Sandy – National Hurricane Center
3592:Blake, Eric; Kelly, Larry (June 19, 2023).
3525:
3308:
3306:
3280:
2799:
2283:have occurred since 1990. According to the
2071:spawned by a hurricane were 127 created by
1693:, in the northern and eastern parts of the
805:Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
5423:
5409:
5194:
5187:
5173:
4922:
4908:
4497:
4483:
4295:Pielke, Roger A. Jr.; et al. (2008).
4288:
4057:
3656:
3591:
3498:
3476:"Late Hurricanes: a Message for the Regio"
3139:
3137:
2978:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2906:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2636:
747:
733:
4138:
4120:
4048:
3973:
3845:. Central Florida News 13. Archived from
3813:"Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Sandy"
3536:William M. Gray and Philip J. Klotzbach.
3313:Landsea, Chris; et al. (June 2013).
3276:
3274:
3272:
3104:
2938:
2864:Louisiana Geographic Information Center.
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2566:
2381:List of historical tropical cyclone names
1822:Typical locations and tracks in November.
1773:Typical locations and tracks in September
807:for tropical cyclones, as defined by the
6255:South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
4399:Risk Management Solutions (March 2006).
4264:
3905:Eric S. Blake, Edward N. Rappaport, and
3415:
3303:
2857:
2709:from the original on 30 September 2022.
2269:
2157:
2141:
2000:on record (7), also tied with 2020. The
1872:
1817:
1797:Typical locations and tracks in October.
1792:
1768:
1751:
1673:
1625:
1498:
913:
849:
75:
5430:
4372:
3254:"Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions"
3134:
3127:Marc C. Cove, James J. O'Brien, et al.
2961:Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dean
2959:Franklin, James L. (January 31, 2008).
2947:
2831:
1744:, formed at 22.9°W and lasted 17 days.
1569:, reached the highest intensity on the
1424:. Systems may also strengthen over the
869:, former director of the United States
14:
6558:
4294:
3365:
3269:
2884:
2724:
2167:Paleoclimatology and historical trends
2060:The longest-lasting hurricane was the
1756:Typical locations and tracks in August
1386:
5404:
5168:
4903:
4478:
4431:Center for Climate Systems Research.
4259:from the original on 6 December 2022.
3899:
3336:
2711:Source: NOAA - Graphic by Ashley Wu,
1985:, which produced 30 storms. However,
1494:
1272:Tropical Storms by Month (1851–2017)
5141:
5004:Tropical cyclones and climate change
4316:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29)
3505:Paolino, JJ; Myrie, Donovan (2011).
3061:from the original on August 27, 2009
2866:"The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale"
2517:
2515:
2412:
2252:climate change and tropical cyclones
1678:Typical locations and tracks in July
36:
6228:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
6221:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
6154:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
6037:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
4261:Newspaper states data source: NOAA.
4023:Chylek, Petr; Lesins, Glen (2008).
3685:
3143:
3011:
2838:Mayfield, Max (November 29, 1995).
2427:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
2122:The quickest-forming hurricane was
1571:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
1483:as more moisture was pumped up the
845:
24:
6316:Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex
6262:Australian region tropical cyclone
3474:Chambers, Gillan (December 1999).
3324:from the original on 2 August 2013
2443:
2103:The most damaging hurricanes were
1976:List of Atlantic hurricane records
1862:
1697:, in the vicinity of the northern
840:Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center
25:
6582:
4458:
3372:Hurricanes: Science and Society.
3343:Goldenburg, Stan (June 1, 2012).
3264:from the original on 4 July 2024.
2840:Hurricane Opal Preliminary Report
2809:Landsea, Chris (April 21, 2010).
2554:The Retirement of Hurricane Names
2512:
2492:World Meteorological Organization
2285:World Meteorological Organization
2240:
2226:Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
1507:Approximately 97 percent of
809:World Meteorological Organization
6537:
6523:
5479:
3509:. Stormfacts.net. Archived from
3281:Dorst, Neal (January 21, 2010).
2787:
2500:Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP)
2344:
2089:The deadliest hurricane was the
1953:
1938:
1518:outside the limits of the season
1511:that form in the North Atlantic
927:Most intense Atlantic hurricanes
716:
41:
6276:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
6235:Black Sea tropical-like cyclone
4366:
4216:
4165:; et al. (July 28, 2006).
4088:
4016:
3990:
3941:
3916:
3874:
3861:
3835:
3805:
3718:
3705:
3694:from the original on 2018-03-28
3679:
3585:
3451:. Hurricane.com. Archived from
3392:
3283:"G1) When is hurricane season?"
3121:
3072:
3049:, Hurricane Research Division.
2677:
2646:, Hurricane Research Division.
2419:
2401:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
1553:became the earliest developing
32:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
18:North Atlantic tropical cyclone
6269:South Pacific tropical cyclone
6032:Continental North Asian storms
3374:"1957 – Hurricane Audrey"
2664:
2604:
2587:"Tropical Cyclone Climatology"
2544:
2471:
2391:Mediterranean tropical cyclone
2386:Intertropical Convergence Zone
2361:2024 Atlantic hurricane season
2033:1914 Atlantic hurricane season
2029:1983 Atlantic hurricane season
2006:1961 Atlantic hurricane season
2002:1950 Atlantic hurricane season
1994:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1983:2020 Atlantic hurricane season
1522:1938 Atlantic hurricane season
1406:Intertropical Convergence Zone
1256:
922:
13:
1:
3925:Hurricanes and Climate Change
2894:. Japan Meteorological Agency
2683:Hurricane Research Division.
2436:
2138:Atlantic hurricane reanalysis
1932:Costliest Atlantic hurricanes
1465:North American Atlantic coast
881:influences hurricane tracks.
6571:Tropical cyclone meteorology
6530:Tropical cyclones portal
5571:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
5511:Moray Firth fishing disaster
5054:Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
4859:Potentially hazardous object
3380:. University of Rhode Island
2529:. 2016-05-30. Archived from
2406:Western Hemisphere Warm Pool
2376:Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
1764:
1577:fourteen tropical cyclones.
1270:Total and Average Number of
909:
7:
6380:Mesoscale convective vortex
6362:Mesoscale convective system
5964:List of European windstorms
5381:Pacific Northwest windstorm
4341:"1.3: A Global Climatology"
3822:. National Hurricane Center
2477:National Hurricane Center.
2337:
2084:Labor Day Hurricane of 1935
1924:
1813:
1666:in 2023, formed at 40.3°W.
821:names retired from the list
644:Severe weather terminology
106:Temperate and polar seasons
10:
6587:
3350:Frequently Asked Questions
3288:Frequently Asked Questions
2816:Frequently Asked Questions
2773:(Database). United States
2479:Glossary of NHC/TPC Terms.
2186:North Atlantic Oscillation
2148:accumulated cyclone energy
2135:
2062:1899 San Ciriaco hurricane
1973:
1866:
1839:in mid-November 1999, and
1788:
1422:Cape Verde-type hurricanes
1260:
29:
6517:
6474:
6404:
6395:
6360:
6337:
6328:
6293:
6244:
6182:
6167:
6144:Australian east coast Low
6129:
6100:
6087:Australian east coast low
6079:
6070:
6045:
6014:
5984:
5955:
5685:
5627:1992 New Year's Day Storm
5534:
5488:
5477:
5440:
5400:
5393:
5353:
5324:
5285:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5202:
5164:
5132:
5121:
5112:
5067:
5021:
5012:
4946:
4851:
4814:
4773:
4755:
4724:
4717:
4685:
4651:
4644:
4622:
4592:
4558:
4525:
4516:
4470:National Hurricane Center
3408:National Hurricane Center
2775:National Hurricane Center
2591:National Hurricane Center
2523:"Tropical Cyclone Naming"
2366:Atlantic hurricane season
2265:
2131:
1747:
1563:Category 5 hurricane
1555:Category 4 hurricane
1408:from tropical waves. The
1269:
1155:
1117:
1114:
1101:
941:
938:
935:
932:
925:
871:National Hurricane Center
797:National Hurricane Center
5655:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
5648:Christmas Eve storm 1997
4984:Annular tropical cyclone
3913:Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
3871:Retrieved on 2008-06-10.
3715:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3676:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3540:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3507:"Category Five Notables"
3131:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2687:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2674:Retrieved on 2007-04-10.
2563:Retrieved on 2008-06-10.
2481:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2352:Tropical cyclones portal
1900:sea surface temperatures
1807:sea surface temperatures
1783:sea surface temperatures
1636:sea surface temperatures
1209:1935 Labor Day hurricane
6444:Multiple-vortex tornado
5883:Friederike (David) 2018
5876:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
5599:December 1981 windstorm
5557:North Sea flood of 1953
5470:Christmas Flood of 1717
4188:10.1126/science.1128448
4122:10.1073/pnas.1920849117
2171:Proxy records based on
2091:Great Hurricane of 1780
1701:, and off the coast of
1669:
1621:
1573:on July 17, 2005.
1165:maximum sustained winds
6385:Line echo wave pattern
6339:Mesoscale ocean eddies
6108:Southern Ocean cyclone
5196:Extratropical cyclones
4989:Bar (tropical cyclone)
4979:Central dense overcast
4304:Natural Hazards Review
4002:www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
3927:. New York: Springer.
3232:10.1006/qres.1999.2062
3186:10.1006/qres.2000.2166
3085:Monthly Weather Review
2919:Monthly Weather Review
2459:National Ocean Service
2276:
2163:
2155:
2127:early on September 13.
1878:
1823:
1798:
1774:
1757:
1679:
1640:convective instability
1631:
1504:
919:
904:extratropical cyclones
855:
705:Tropical cyclone terms
81:
5757:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
5620:Burns' Day storm 1990
5504:Night of the Big Wind
5225:Post-tropical cyclone
4974:Rapid intensification
4349:Bureau of Meteorology
3144:Liu, Kam-biu (1999).
2307:populated coastline.
2273:
2161:
2145:
1876:
1867:Further information:
1821:
1796:
1772:
1755:
1677:
1629:
1502:
1263:Tropical cyclogenesis
917:
853:
312:Extratropical cyclone
236:Air-mass thunderstorm
79:
6544:Tornadoes portal
6454:Anticyclonic tornado
6422:Low-topped supercell
6200:Cape Verde hurricane
5592:Gale of January 1976
4339:Neumann, Charles J.
4050:10.1029/2008JD010036
3486:on 15 September 2012
2719:cites for 2022— data
2293:1926 Miami hurricane
2215:the Eastern Seaboard
2173:paleotempestological
2093:(22,000 fatalities).
1826:Wind shear from the
1288:January — April
672:Weather modification
270:Anticyclonic tornado
6566:Atlantic hurricanes
6246:Southern Hemisphere
6184:Northern Hemisphere
6072:Southern Hemisphere
6027:Western Disturbance
5841:Thomas (Doris) 2017
5613:Great storm of 1987
5578:1968 Scotland storm
5518:Tay Bridge disaster
5497:Great Storm of 1824
5463:Great Storm of 1703
5433:European windstorms
5262:Northern Hemisphere
5080:South Atlantic High
5068:Southern Hemisphere
5044:North American High
5022:Northern Hemisphere
4437:Columbia University
4113:2020PNAS..11711975K
4107:(22): 11975–11980.
4082:2005AGUFMPP21C1597N
4041:2008JGRD..11322106C
3998:"Killer Hurricanes"
3966:2000JCli...13.2293E
3665:Anantha R. Aiyyer.
3378:Storms in the 1950s
3224:1999QuRes..52..159H
3212:Quaternary Research
3178:2000QuRes..54..238L
3166:Quaternary Research
3097:2003MWRv..131.2730D
2999:on November 2, 2012
2931:1989MWRv..117.2824W
2533:on December 4, 2023
2301:Christopher Landsea
2254:and model studies.
2098:Galveston Hurricane
1915:first storm of 1938
1911:Tropical Storm Zeta
1664:Tropical Storm Bret
1579:Tropical Storm Zeta
1169:barometric pressure
877:systems and toward
667:Weather forecasting
503:Rain and snow mixed
329:Subtropical cyclone
6193:Atlantic hurricane
6149:Lake Huron cyclone
5210:Anticyclonic storm
5085:South Pacific High
5049:North Pacific High
4964:High-pressure area
4954:Anticyclonic storm
4510:list by death toll
4253:The New York Times
3954:Journal of Climate
3849:on October 6, 2012
3672:2008-05-28 at the
3455:on January 3, 2013
2713:The New York Times
2703:The New York Times
2624:on 6 February 2015
2559:2008-05-11 at the
2494:(April 25, 2006).
2277:
2206:Mississippi Valley
2164:
2156:
2124:Hurricane Humberto
1879:
1824:
1799:
1775:
1758:
1680:
1632:
1505:
1495:Seasonal variation
1485:Mississippi Valley
1420:Islands, creating
1197:Hurricane Patricia
920:
886:tropical latitudes
879:low-pressure areas
856:
817:predetermined list
761:Atlantic hurricane
723:Weather portal
339:Atlantic hurricane
317:European windstorm
224:Volcanic lightning
185:Cumulonimbus cloud
82:
6553:
6552:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6449:Satellite tornado
6324:
6323:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6209:Pacific hurricane
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6066:
6065:
6010:
6009:
5980:
5979:
5525:Eyemouth disaster
5441:14th-18th century
5389:
5388:
5349:
5348:
5230:Low-pressure area
5108:
5107:
5100:Subtropical ridge
5059:Subtropical ridge
4969:Low-pressure area
4939:Centers of action
4897:
4896:
4874:Geomagnetic storm
4847:
4846:
4713:
4712:
4640:
4639:
4584:Soil liquefaction
4506:Natural disasters
4182:(5786): 452–454.
4004:. 1 November 2017
3960:(13): 2293–2305.
3934:978-0-387-09409-0
3513:on 28 August 2017
2413:Explanatory notes
2396:Pacific hurricane
2150:(ACE) index from
2105:Hurricane Katrina
1946:Hurricane Katrina
1869:Off-season storms
1509:tropical cyclones
1451:According to the
1391:
1390:
1387:Source: NOAA FAQ
1283:Average per year
1251:Yucatán Peninsula
1205:Hurricane Gilbert
1160:
1159:
891:subtropical ridge
859:Tropical cyclones
827:or greater). The
793:tropical cyclones
757:
756:
74:
73:
16:(Redirected from
6578:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6402:
6401:
6335:
6334:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6247:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6211:
6202:
6195:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6092:Black nor'easter
6077:
6076:
6073:
5992:Black Sea storms
5973:
5966:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5634:Braer Storm 1993
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5483:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5435:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5342:
5335:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5166:
5165:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5119:
5118:
5075:South Polar High
5029:North Polar High
5019:
5018:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4806:Tropical cyclone
4800:Tornado outbreak
4722:
4721:
4649:
4648:
4602:Pyroclastic flow
4594:Volcano eruption
4523:
4522:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4476:
4475:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4439:. Archived from
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4412:
4406:. Archived from
4405:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:on June 28, 2001
4351:. Archived from
4336:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4318:. Archived from
4301:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4276:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4244:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4171:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4142:
4124:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3920:
3914:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3878:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3817:
3809:
3803:
3793:
3787:
3777:
3771:
3761:
3755:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3686:Landsea, Chris.
3683:
3677:
3663:
3654:
3644:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3589:
3583:
3573:
3560:
3550:
3541:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3411:. July 20, 2016.
3404:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3278:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3161:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2956:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2722:
2716:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2675:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2564:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2488:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2447:
2430:
2423:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2235:solar irradiance
2219:the Arctic Ocean
2109:Hurricane Harvey
1998:major hurricanes
1961:Hurricane Harvey
1957:
1942:
1909:in 1954–55, and
1849:Hurricane Paloma
1781:and the warmest
1738:Hurricane Bertha
1684:tropical cyclone
1656:Hurricane Audrey
1644:tropical cyclone
1601:Hurricane Hattie
1559:Hurricane Dennis
1547:Hurricane Audrey
1479:during the late-
1437:upper-level lows
1267:
1266:
923:
846:Steering factors
765:tropical cyclone
749:
742:
735:
721:
720:
334:Tropical cyclone
246:Dry thunderstorm
141:Tropical seasons
84:
83:
69:
66:
60:
53:factual accuracy
45:
44:
37:
21:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6538:
6536:
6524:
6522:
6501:
6470:
6391:
6356:
6320:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6245:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6207:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6171:
6163:
6117:
6096:
6071:
6062:
6041:
6006:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5484:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5456:Burchardi flood
5454:
5449:Grote Mandrenke
5447:
5436:
5431:
5429:
5385:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5320:
5313:
5308:Great basin low
5306:
5299:
5294:Alberta clipper
5292:
5270:
5261:
5256:
5198:
5193:
5160:
5156:South Polar low
5151:North Polar low
5133:
5122:
5104:
5095:Australian High
5063:
5008:
4942:
4928:
4898:
4893:
4843:
4810:
4774:Cyclonic storms
4769:
4751:
4709:
4705:Limnic eruption
4681:
4655:
4636:
4624:Natural erosion
4618:
4588:
4562:
4554:
4512:
4503:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4446:
4444:
4429:
4425:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4371:
4367:
4358:
4356:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4245:
4238:
4221:
4217:
4208:
4206:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4093:
4089:
4062:
4058:
4035:(D22): D22106.
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3921:
3917:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3825:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3794:
3790:
3778:
3774:
3762:
3758:
3746:
3739:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3684:
3680:
3674:Wayback Machine
3664:
3657:
3645:
3641:
3629:
3625:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3590:
3586:
3574:
3563:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3424:Hurricane Emily
3420:
3416:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3279:
3270:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3208:
3201:
3162:
3153:
3142:
3135:
3126:
3122:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3062:
3044:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2948:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2872:on June 1, 2013
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2807:
2800:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2777:. April 5, 2023
2769:
2768:
2725:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2567:
2561:Wayback Machine
2549:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2268:
2243:
2169:
2140:
2134:
2086:(892 hPa).
2055:Hurricane Sandy
2040:Hurricane Wilma
1978:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1907:Hurricane Alice
1871:
1865:
1863:December to May
1837:Hurricane Lenny
1816:
1791:
1767:
1750:
1730:Hurricane Beryl
1722:Hurricane Emily
1691:Lesser Antilles
1672:
1624:
1596:Hurricane Lenny
1583:Hurricane Alice
1497:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1239:Hurricane Maria
1188:Hurricane Wilma
1173:Hurricane Allen
1161:
1156:Source: HURDAT
912:
848:
834:In April 2004,
799:(NHC) monitors
753:
715:
710:
709:
685:
677:
676:
535:
525:
524:
437:
427:
426:
415:Ground blizzard
175:
165:
164:
143:
133:
132:
108:
70:
64:
61:
58:
50:This article's
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6584:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6533:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6436:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6408:
6406:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6212:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6188:
6186:
6177:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5813:Christina 2014
5809:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5585:Quimburga 1972
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5333:Panhandle hook
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5136:
5127:
5124:Synoptic scale
5116:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4937:of the world (
4927:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4904:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4719:
4718:Meteorological
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Seismic hazard
4570:
4568:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4460:
4459:External links
4457:
4454:
4453:
4423:
4391:
4384:
4365:
4328:
4325:on 2013-06-17.
4287:
4284:on 2009-03-25.
4263:
4236:
4215:
4163:Landsea, Chris
4154:
4087:
4070:Eos Trans. AGU
4056:
4015:
3989:
3940:
3933:
3915:
3898:
3873:
3860:
3834:
3804:
3788:
3772:
3756:
3737:
3717:
3704:
3678:
3655:
3639:
3623:
3607:
3584:
3561:
3542:
3524:
3497:
3466:
3440:
3414:
3391:
3364:
3335:
3302:
3268:
3245:
3218:(2): 159–170.
3199:
3172:(2): 238–245.
3151:
3133:
3120:
3071:
3035:
3010:
2977:
2946:
2905:
2883:
2856:
2830:
2798:
2723:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2635:
2603:
2565:
2543:
2527:public.wmo.int
2511:
2483:
2470:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2339:
2336:
2267:
2264:
2247:Saffir–Simpson
2242:
2241:Climate change
2239:
2168:
2165:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:Hurricane Ivan
2065:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2025:
2020:and Hurricane
1990:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1919:Hurricane Alex
1864:
1861:
1857:Hurricane Iota
1845:Hurricane Otto
1841:Hurricane Kate
1833:Cuba hurricane
1815:
1812:
1790:
1787:
1766:
1763:
1749:
1746:
1715:Gulf of Mexico
1695:Gulf of Mexico
1671:
1668:
1648:Gulf of Mexico
1623:
1620:
1608:Hurricane Iota
1539:Hurricane Alma
1530:Hurricane Able
1496:
1493:
1463:coast and the
1461:Gulf of Mexico
1455:hypothesis by
1414:Gulf of Mexico
1410:Coriolis force
1398:tropical waves
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1255:
1227:Gulf of Mexico
1219:Hurricane Rita
1184:Hurricane Opal
1167:or its lowest
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
982:
977:
973:
972:
969:
966:
961:
956:
952:
951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
929:
921:
911:
908:
847:
844:
829:climatological
755:
754:
752:
751:
744:
737:
729:
726:
725:
712:
711:
708:
707:
702:
697:
695:Climate change
692:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
642:
637:
630:Severe weather
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
606:
605:
600:
590:
589:
588:
578:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
548:
547:
542:
536:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
495:
490:
489:
488:
478:
473:
468:
467:
466:
464:Megacryometeor
456:
451:
450:
449:
438:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
397:
392:
387:
382:
381:
380:
370:
369:
368:
363:
353:
348:
347:
346:
341:
331:
326:
325:
324:
319:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
283:
282:
277:
272:
262:
261:
260:
250:
249:
248:
243:
238:
228:
227:
226:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
194:
193:
192:
187:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
156:
155:
144:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
115:
109:
104:
103:
100:
99:
93:
92:
72:
71:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6583:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6546:
6545:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6347:Catalina eddy
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6301:Cold-core low
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6243:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6069:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Icelandic Low
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5341:
5340:November gale
5337:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5271:North America
5268:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5134:Surface-based
5131:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Kalahari High
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:Siberian High
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:Meteor shower
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Coastal flood
4665:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4443:on 2007-01-02
4442:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4413:on 2007-06-14
4409:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4385:0-231-12388-4
4381:
4377:
4369:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4241:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3907:Chris Landsea
3902:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3821:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3339:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3263:
3259:
3258:AOML.NOAA.gov
3255:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3003:September 23,
2995:
2988:
2981:
2970:September 23,
2962:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2898:September 22,
2893:
2887:
2876:September 23,
2871:
2867:
2860:
2849:September 22,
2841:
2834:
2823:September 22,
2818:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:public domain
2781:September 17,
2776:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2342:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:had the most
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:Hurricane Eta
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:The Carolinas
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1590:December. In
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:. Hurricanes
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
945:
931:
928:
924:
916:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:
887:
882:
880:
876:
875:high pressure
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
843:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:is a type of
762:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
730:
728:
727:
724:
719:
714:
713:
706:
703:
701:
700:Tornado terms
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
659:
658:United States
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
591:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
546:
543:
541:
540:Air pollution
538:
537:
534:
529:
528:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
496:
494:
491:
487:
484:
483:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:Precipitation
431:
430:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:
349:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
161:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
137:
136:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
107:
102:
101:
98:
95:
94:
90:
86:
85:
78:
68:
56:
54:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6535:
6521:
6434:Funnel cloud
6352:Haida Eddies
6311:Polar vortex
6192:
5869:Herwart 2017
5862:Ophelia 2017
5785:St Jude 2013
5764:Joachim 2011
5743:Xynthia 2010
5701:Jeanett 2002
5686:21st century
5606:Charley 1986
5543:Ulysses 1903
5535:20th century
5489:19th century
5366:Hatteras low
5361:Aleutian Low
5301:Colorado low
5235:Weather bomb
4935:anticyclones
4864:Impact event
4852:Astronomical
4786:Thunderstorm
4781:Bomb cyclone
4645:Hydrological
4614:Volcanic ash
4579:Seismic risk
4527:Mass wasting
4445:. Retrieved
4441:the original
4426:
4415:. Retrieved
4408:the original
4394:
4375:
4368:
4357:. Retrieved
4353:the original
4344:
4320:the original
4310:(1): 29–42.
4307:
4303:
4290:
4279:the original
4266:
4252:
4229:
4223:
4218:
4207:. Retrieved
4179:
4173:
4157:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
4001:
3992:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3924:
3918:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3876:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3847:the original
3837:
3824:. Retrieved
3819:
3807:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3729:
3720:
3707:
3696:. Retrieved
3681:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3587:
3580:
3576:
3557:
3553:
3517:22 September
3515:. Retrieved
3511:the original
3500:
3490:22 September
3488:. Retrieved
3484:the original
3479:
3469:
3457:. Retrieved
3453:the original
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3417:
3406:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3377:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3349:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3293:. Retrieved
3287:
3257:
3248:
3215:
3211:
3169:
3165:
3145:
3123:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3063:. Retrieved
3027:. Retrieved
3022:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2994:the original
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2922:
2918:
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2815:
2779:. Retrieved
2712:
2710:
2702:
2692:
2679:
2670:U. S. Navy.
2666:
2655:. Retrieved
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2619:the original
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2546:
2535:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2526:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2486:
2473:
2462:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2421:
2332:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2278:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2202:Great Plains
2196:around 3200
2190:
2170:
2117:2017 seasons
1904:
1880:
1825:
1800:
1776:
1759:
1719:
1688:
1681:
1652:
1633:
1575:
1506:
1477:Great Plains
1471:around 3200
1450:
1430:
1392:
1243:
1217:
1181:
1162:
889:
883:
857:
833:
813:
789:
760:
758:
476:Diamond dust
400:Winter storm
338:
231:Thunderstorm
62:
51:
6492:Steam devil
6412:Mesocyclone
6306:Cut-off low
6294:Upper level
6131:Subtropical
6101:Other areas
6046:Other areas
6022:Asiatic Low
5946:Ciarán 2023
5932:Larisa 2023
5925:Eunice 2022
5911:Aurore 2021
5904:Dennis 2020
5890:Adrian 2018
5855:Xavier 2017
5827:Niklas 2015
5778:Andrea 2012
5771:Dagmar 2011
5722:Kyrill 2007
5708:Gudrun 2005
5694:Oratia 2000
5676:Martin 1999
5669:Lothar 1999
5662:Anatol 1999
5564:Debbie 1961
5550:Iberia 1941
5315:Bighorn Low
5286:Lee Cyclone
5279:Continental
5039:Azores High
5014:Anticyclone
4879:Solar flare
4765:Megadrought
4725:Temperature
4698:Megatsunami
4677:Storm surge
4672:Flash flood
4550:Debris flow
3433:3 September
3384:3 September
3357:3 September
2455:OCEAN FACTS
2324:1887 season
2182:Azores High
2077:2004 season
1805:, although
1761:September.
1711:Gulf Stream
1457:Kam-biu Liu
1453:Azores High
1433:cold fronts
1426:Gulf Stream
1394:Climatology
1257:Climatology
1001:"Labor Day"
863:troposphere
690:Meteorology
625:Meteorology
513:Snow roller
508:Snow grains
471:Ice pellets
420:Snow squall
351:Storm surge
297:Anticyclone
253:Mesocyclone
241:Thundersnow
190:Arcus cloud
6560:Categories
6497:Fire whirl
6487:Dust devil
6466:Waterspout
6427:Wall cloud
6139:Kona storm
6058:Kona storm
5939:Babet 2023
5918:Malik 2022
5897:Ciara 2020
5792:Xaver 2013
5750:Berit 2011
5736:Klaus 2009
5371:Nor'easter
4994:Superstorm
4560:Earthquake
4518:Geological
4447:2006-11-29
4417:2006-11-30
4359:2006-11-30
4209:2007-06-09
4008:20 January
3891:4 November
3826:4 November
3698:2018-10-05
3065:2006-07-26
3029:2010-06-15
2657:2006-07-25
2628:6 February
2596:4 November
2537:2023-11-08
2505:2006-11-05
2464:2018-12-24
2437:References
2371:Hebert Box
2328:1821 storm
2136:See also:
1974:See also:
1828:westerlies
1803:wind shear
1779:wind shear
1526:reanalysis
1418:Cape Verde
1261:See also:
936:Hurricane
900:westerlies
867:Neil Frank
825:Category 3
684:Glossaries
620:Jet stream
559:Convection
545:Atmosphere
493:Cloudburst
356:Dust storm
322:Nor'easter
292:Fire whirl
287:Dust devil
280:Waterspout
207:Heat burst
202:Microburst
160:Wet season
148:Dry season
6461:Landspout
6417:Supercell
6397:Whirlwind
6330:Mesoscale
6113:Sudestada
6080:Australia
6002:Genoa low
5848:Zeus 2017
5834:Egon 2017
5820:Tini 2014
5806:Anne 2014
5799:Dirk 2013
5729:Emma 2008
5641:Lili 1996
5240:Sting jet
4999:Hypercane
4889:Hypernova
4884:Supernova
4832:Firestorm
4747:Heat wave
4742:Ice storm
4737:Cold wave
4540:Avalanche
4535:Landslide
4131:0027-8424
3984:131457444
3853:4 October
3328:14 August
3295:14 August
3240:129650957
3194:140723229
3115:1520-0493
2228:. Nyberg
2146:Atlantic
2069:tornadoes
2067:The most
1765:September
1709:over the
1612:hurricane
1404:near the
1343:September
1294:<0.05
1213:dropsonde
942:Pressure
910:Intensity
781:tornadoes
769:hurricane
615:Heat wave
610:Cold wave
554:Chemistry
405:Ice storm
395:Firestorm
307:Polar low
275:Landspout
258:Supercell
219:Lightning
197:Downburst
153:Harmattan
87:Part of
65:July 2023
6482:Gustnado
6375:Mesohigh
6370:Wake Low
6169:Tropical
5956:See also
5715:Per 2007
5376:Gulf low
5252:Rainband
5203:Concepts
4947:Concepts
4931:Cyclones
4839:ARkStorm
4827:Wildfire
4732:Blizzard
4632:Sinkhole
4257:Archived
4204:29364864
4196:16873634
4149:32424081
3731:ABC News
3692:Archived
3670:Archived
3600:July 21,
3459:March 5,
3322:Archived
3262:Archived
3059:Archived
2707:Archived
2557:Archived
2338:See also
2210:Cape Cod
1925:Extremes
1814:November
1707:Virginia
1489:Cape Cod
1481:Holocene
1376:December
1365:November
1246:landfall
836:Catarina
801:tropical
775:", and "
486:Freezing
447:Freezing
410:Blizzard
89:a series
6439:Tornado
6215:Typhoon
6174:Outline
6159:Thermal
5354:Oceanic
5220:Cyclone
5114:Cyclone
4822:Derecho
4796:Tornado
4757:Drought
4693:Tsunami
4545:Mudflow
4175:Science
4140:7275711
4109:Bibcode
4078:Bibcode
4037:Bibcode
3962:Bibcode
3220:Bibcode
3174:Bibcode
3093:Bibcode
2927:Bibcode
2496:"RSMCs"
2198:C years
2111:of the
2046:) (882
2018:Katrina
1789:October
1699:Bahamas
1513:develop
1445:La Niña
1441:El Niño
1402:equator
1354:October
1223:Katrina
1193:Pacific
1085:Katrina
1064:Camille
980:Gilbert
939:Season
884:In the
777:cyclone
773:typhoon
640:Extreme
586:Physics
576:Climate
564:Physics
454:Graupel
442:Drizzle
390:Sirocco
373:Monsoon
344:Typhoon
302:Cyclone
265:Tornado
212:Derecho
97:Weather
6053:Arctic
5394:Europe
4382:
4231:Nature
4202:
4194:
4147:
4137:
4129:
3982:
3931:
3711:NOAA.
3238:
3192:
3113:
2304:et al.
2289:et al.
2275:areas.
2266:Impact
2230:et al.
2132:Trends
1917:, and
1894:, and
1748:August
1605:2020's
1332:August
1151:26.81
1118:26.73
1097:26.64
1076:26.58
1055:26.55
1034:26.43
1013:26.34
992:26.23
971:26.05
896:trough
648:Canada
603:Season
533:Topics
378:Amihan
366:Haboob
361:Simoom
173:Storms
128:Autumn
123:Summer
118:Spring
113:Winter
6475:Minor
6405:Major
5985:Other
5325:Other
5215:Storm
5143:Polar
4959:Storm
4815:Other
4686:Other
4653:Flood
4607:Lahar
4411:(PDF)
4404:(PDF)
4323:(PDF)
4300:(PDF)
4282:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4200:S2CID
4170:(PDF)
3980:S2CID
3816:(PDF)
3427:(PDF)
3403:(PDF)
3318:(TXT)
3236:S2CID
3190:S2CID
2997:(PDF)
2990:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2622:(PDF)
2615:(PDF)
2194:Haiti
2022:Wilma
1965:Texas
1567:Emily
1469:Haiti
1280:Total
1277:Month
1231:Mitch
1139:Maria
1106:Mitch
1043:Allen
959:Wilma
950:inHg
933:Rank
653:Japan
581:Cloud
569:River
518:Slush
180:Cloud
6015:Asia
5245:List
4933:and
4790:Hail
4658:List
4565:List
4380:ISBN
4192:PMID
4145:PMID
4127:ISSN
4010:2018
3929:ISBN
3893:2020
3855:2012
3828:2020
3799:pp.
3783:pp.
3767:pp.
3751:pp.
3650:pp.
3634:pp.
3618:pp.
3602:2023
3579:pp.
3556:pp.
3519:2013
3492:2013
3461:2016
3435:2013
3386:2013
3359:2013
3330:2013
3297:2013
3111:ISSN
3055:NOAA
3005:2013
2972:2013
2900:2013
2878:2013
2851:2013
2825:2013
2783:2024
2652:NOAA
2630:2015
2598:2017
2551:NOAA
2320:2020
2318:and
2316:2005
2312:1933
2177:Gulf
2152:NOAA
2115:and
2113:2005
2107:and
2048:mbar
2044:2005
2014:2020
2012:and
2010:2005
2004:and
1992:The
1987:2005
1896:2007
1892:2003
1888:1953
1884:1887
1742:2008
1734:2024
1728:and
1726:2005
1705:and
1670:July
1660:1957
1622:June
1616:1932
1592:1999
1587:1954
1551:1957
1543:1966
1534:1951
1435:and
1382:0.1
1371:0.5
1360:2.0
1349:3.5
1338:2.3
1327:0.7
1321:July
1316:0.5
1310:June
1305:0.1
1235:Dean
1233:and
1201:2015
1177:1980
1175:(in
1148:908
1144:2017
1129:2007
1124:Dean
1115:905
1111:1998
1094:902
1090:2005
1073:900
1069:1969
1052:899
1048:1980
1031:895
1027:2005
1022:Rita
1010:892
1006:1935
989:888
985:1988
968:882
964:2005
947:hPa
785:Asia
771:", "
635:List
598:Mist
498:Snow
481:Rain
459:Hail
385:Gale
4312:doi
4184:doi
4180:313
4135:PMC
4117:doi
4105:117
4045:doi
4033:113
3970:doi
3801:146
3785:202
3769:148
3652:203
3636:200
3620:213
3558:212
3228:doi
3182:doi
3101:doi
3089:131
2935:doi
2923:117
1740:in
1732:of
1724:of
1658:in
1614:in
1585:in
1549:in
1541:of
1532:in
1443:or
1357:341
1346:584
1335:389
1324:120
1299:May
1199:in
1135:10
759:An
593:Fog
6562::
4508:–
4435:.
4347:.
4343:.
4331:^
4306:.
4302:.
4255:.
4251:.
4239:^
4228:,
4198:.
4190:.
4178:.
4172:.
4143:.
4133:.
4125:.
4115:.
4103:.
4099:.
4074:86
4072:.
4068:.
4043:.
4031:.
4027:.
4000:.
3978:.
3968:.
3958:13
3956:.
3952:.
3909:.
3884:.
3818:.
3753:82
3740:^
3728:.
3690:.
3658:^
3581:27
3564:^
3545:^
3527:^
3478:.
3405:.
3376:.
3347:.
3305:^
3285:.
3271:^
3256:.
3234:.
3226:.
3216:52
3214:.
3202:^
3188:.
3180:.
3170:54
3168:.
3154:^
3136:^
3109:.
3099:.
3087:.
3083:.
3057:.
3053:.
3038:^
3021:.
2949:^
2933:.
2921:.
2917:.
2813:.
2801:^
2726:^
2705:.
2701:.
2650:.
2589:.
2568:^
2525:.
2514:^
2498:.
2457:.
2453:.
2188:.
2079:).
2050:).
1890:,
1886:,
1717:.
1638:,
1594:,
1565:,
1379:17
1368:91
1313:92
1302:22
1102:8
1081:7
1060:6
1039:5
1018:4
997:3
976:2
955:1
811:.
91:on
6176:)
6172:(
5424:e
5417:t
5410:v
5188:e
5181:t
5174:v
4941:)
4923:e
4916:t
4909:v
4802:)
4798:(
4792:)
4788:(
4660:)
4656:(
4567:)
4563:(
4498:e
4491:t
4484:v
4450:.
4420:.
4388:.
4362:.
4314::
4308:9
4212:.
4186::
4151:.
4119::
4111::
4084:.
4080::
4053:.
4047::
4039::
4012:.
3986:.
3972::
3964::
3937:.
3895:.
3857:.
3832:.
3830:.
3734:.
3701:.
3604:.
3521:.
3494:.
3463:.
3437:.
3388:.
3361:.
3332:.
3299:.
3242:.
3230::
3222::
3196:.
3184::
3176::
3117:.
3103::
3095::
3068:.
3032:.
3007:.
2974:.
2943:.
2937::
2929::
2902:.
2880:.
2853:.
2827:.
2796:.
2785:.
2721:)
2717:(
2660:.
2632:.
2600:.
2540:.
2508:.
2467:.
2429:.
2154:.
2075:(
2042:(
2024:.
1967:.
1473:C
1291:7
748:e
741:t
734:v
67:)
63:(
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.