42:
1323:
1293:
62:
1307:
1265:
1279:
188:
1347:, although the secretive nature of the family may account for the incomplete understanding of their migratory habits. Species that live in the far north, such as the European nightjar or the common nighthawk, migrate southward with the onset of winter. Geolocators placed on European nightjars in southern England found they wintered in the south of the
1363:
They also usually nest on the ground, laying one or two patterned eggs directly onto bare ground. Nightjars possibly move their eggs and chicks from the nesting site in the event of danger by carrying them in their mouths. This suggestion has been repeated many times in ornithology books, but surveys
1367:
Developing conservation strategies for some species presents a particular challenge in that scientists do not have enough data to determine whether or not a species is endangered due to the difficulty in locating, identifying, and/or categorizing their limited number (e.g. 10,000) known to exist, a
311:
Nightjars are found all around the world, with the exception of
Antarctica, and certain island groups such as the Seychelles. They can be found in a variety of habitats, most commonly the open country with some vegetation. They usually nest on the ground, with a habit of resting and roosting on
1334:
Nightjars inhabit all continents other than
Antarctica, as well as some island groups such as Madagascar, the Seychelles, New Caledonia and the islands of Caribbean. They are not known to live in extremely arid desert regions. Nightjars can occupy all elevations from sea level to 4,200 m
397:
to resemble bark or leaves, and some species, unusual for birds, perch along a branch rather than across it, helping to conceal them during the day. The subfamilies of nightjars have similar characteristics, including small feet, of little use for walking, and long, pointed wings.
392:
of the New World, with 10 known species. The groups are similar in most respects, but the typical nightjars have rictal bristles, longer bills, and softer plumage. The underside of the claw of the middle toe is comb-like with serrations. Their soft plumage is
436:
Subsequent work, both morphological and genetic, has provided support for the separation of the typical and the eared nightjars, and some authorities have adopted this Sibley-Ahlquist recommendation, and also the more far-reaching one to group all the
424:
found that the genetic difference between the eared nightjars and the typical nightjars was, in fact, greater than that between the typical nightjars and the nighthawks of the New World. Accordingly, they placed the eared nightjars in a separate
441:(traditionally Strigiformes) together in the Caprimulgiformes. The listing below retains a more orthodox arrangement, but recognises the eared nightjars as a separate group. For more detail and an alternative classification scheme, see
1339:
specialists. Nightjars occupy a wide range of habitats, from deserts to rainforests but are most common in open country with some vegetation. The nighthawks are confined to the New World, and the eared nightjars to Asia and
Australia.
1359:
Some species of nightjars are threatened with extinction. Road-kills of this species by cars are thought to be a major cause of mortality for many members of the family because of their habit of resting and roosting on roads.
409:, is unique as a bird that undergoes a form of hibernation, becoming torpid and with a much reduced body temperature for weeks or months, although other nightjars can enter a state of torpor for shorter periods.
1380:
Province (as seen only once in-hand). Surveys in the 1970s and 1990s failed to find the species., implying that the species has become extinct, endangered, or found only in a few small areas.
1437:, in an interview about this song and about Elton John, said, "It's a very beautiful song. ... I love Bernie's lyrics ... It is one of those songs you wish you had written...."
356:
redefined the
Caprimulgiformes as only applying to nightjars, with potoos, frogmouths, oilbirds, and owlet-nightjars all being reclassified into their own orders. See
315:
The subfamilies of nightjars have similar characteristics, including small feet, of little use for walking, and long, pointed wings. Typical nightjars have
1497:
U. S. An Index to the United States of
America: Historical, Geographical and Political. A Handbook of Reference Combining the "curious" in U. S. History
1403:
2144:
2260:
1533:"An early Eocene fossil from the British London Clay elucidates the evolutionary history of the enigmatic Archaeotrogonidae (Aves, Strisores)"
2183:
1031:
1414:
college athletic teams were also briefly known the
Bugeaters, before adopting their current name, also adopted by the state as a whole. A
319:, longer bills, and softer plumage. The colour of their plumage and their unusual perching habits help conceal them during the day.
2118:
2157:
1830:
353:
360:
for more info about the disputes over the taxonomy of
Caprimulgiformes. A phylogenetic analysis found that the extinct family
1593:
2162:
1893:
1828:
Jackson, H.D. (2007). "A review of the evidence for the translocation of eggs and young by nightjars (Caprimulgidae)".
1708:
Cleere, N. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
2222:
2097:
1348:
2188:
1866:
1322:
2110:
2170:
1793:
Jackson, H.D.; Slotow, R. (10 July 2015). "A review of
Afrotropical nightjar mortality, mainly road kills".
41:
1399:
61:
2040:
2027:
2045:
1471:
name for the nightjar is "Troellwr Mawr", meaning "big spinnner", referring to its whirling sound (the
1464:) and the final track ends with a repeated radio transmission to the fictional soldier Rufous Nightjar.
1389:
2227:
1574:
Birds of the world : a survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families
1292:
1284:
446:
2018:
148:
1278:
2255:
2214:
1980:
1898:
1461:
1453:
2209:
2149:
1962:
1867:"Commentary and Observations on the Alleged Transportation of Eggs and Young by Caprimulgids"
1457:
1415:
413:
2201:
1669:
1264:
2066:
1411:
1369:
286:, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called
49:
1392:
as a name has been applied to numerous places, characters, and objects throughout history.
1306:
8:
1678:
1327:
2250:
1847:
1810:
1731:
1618:
1587:
Lane JE, Brigham RM, Swanson DL (2004). "Daily torpor in free-ranging whip-poor-wills (
1511:
1336:
56:
2196:
2053:
2032:
1968:
1735:
1610:
1554:
1430:
1255:
1156:
361:
305:
1939:
Nancy Capace, Encyclopedia of
Nebraska. Somerset Publishers, Inc., Jan 1, 1999, p2-3
1916:"The State of Nebraska - An Introduction to the Cornhuskers State from NETSTATE.COM"
1915:
1851:
1843:
1814:
1710:
1622:
1839:
1806:
1802:
1773:
1723:
1602:
1544:
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1407:
1270:
442:
426:
229:
221:
20:
2058:
1874:
1778:
1495:
1449:
421:
402:
280:
2175:
2105:
2092:
1468:
1445:
1344:
1133:
1042:
993:
779:
430:
417:
337:
316:
176:
131:
1948:
2244:
1902:
1558:
1472:
1441:
1426:
1070:
998:
381:
170:
2003:
1727:
1614:
1364:
of nightjar research have found very little evidence to support this idea.
1211:
1191:
1124:
1050:
1005:
854:
755:
476:
385:
164:
1637:
2131:
2012:
1235:
1182:
1151:
1142:
1115:
1106:
1097:
871:
796:
731:
635:
611:
563:
333:
214:
1422:
1220:
1200:
1088:
921:
653:
24:
1549:
1532:
1448:; the opening track "Anecdotes" name-checks four different varieties (
352:
2136:
2079:
1244:
1173:
1164:
1079:
1059:
587:
524:
500:
389:
369:
357:
345:
296:
291:
210:
116:
73:
2123:
1974:
1757:
380:
Traditionally, nightjars have been divided into two subfamilies—the
2084:
1997:
1606:
1395:
1377:
1298:
433:(9 known species), but the family has not yet been widely adopted.
93:
1226:
904:
394:
349:
187:
19:
This article is about the family of birds. For the aircraft, see
1949:
Sting – Come Down In Time (New York – October 22 1991) – YouTube
1433:": "While a cluster of nightjars sang some songs out of tune".
365:
83:
271:
2071:
1373:
1330:
is restricted to the islands of Madagascar and the Seychelles
341:
217:
103:
1758:"Geolocators reveal wintering areas of European Nightjar (
1531:
Mayr, Gerald (2021-07-18). Lautenschlager, Stephan (ed.).
262:
438:
372:
of Europe, are the closest known relatives of nightjars.
265:
256:
247:
238:
384:, or typical nightjars with 79 known species, and the
23:. For the cryptid sometimes called "goat sucker", see
1571:
235:
232:
1440:
They are also featured prominently in the lyrics of
268:
259:
244:
241:
1756:Cresswell, Brian; Edwards, Darren (February 2013).
1500:. Boston, MA: D. Lothrop Company. 1890. p. 77.
1421:Nightjars feature prominently in the lyrics of the
290:, their primary source of food being insects. Some
253:
250:
1709:
1586:
1383:
2242:
1755:
1335:(13,800 ft), and a number of species are
1864:
1827:
1792:
1490:
1488:
1672:Comparison of IOC 8.1 with other world lists
1317:
1485:
1354:
199: Global range of nightjars and allies
186:
40:
1777:
1548:
1512:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
1416:semi-professional soccer team in Nebraska
1351:. Other species make shorter migrations.
1258:, sortable by common and binomial names.
1749:
1720:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1406:"bugeaters" (presumably named after the
1321:
1831:Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology
2243:
1707:
332:Previously, all members of the orders
2261:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1979:
1978:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1594:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
354:International Ornithological Congress
2111:b9fec9e8-4af3-450e-9a8f-4f84ca4041a7
1640:Caprimulgidae: Nightjars, Nighthawks
1635:
1530:
1722:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
1629:
327:
13:
1894:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1694:
1402:was once the "Bugeater State" and
14:
2272:
1956:
1524:
1404:its people were sometimes called
1349:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1305:
1291:
1277:
1263:
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60:
1965:on the Internet Bird Collection
1942:
1933:
1908:
1886:
1858:
1844:10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.2.313
1821:
1786:
1418:now uses the Bugeaters moniker.
1807:10.1080/00306525.2002.11446745
1662:
1580:
1572:Austin, Oliver Luther (1962).
1565:
1504:
1384:In history and popular culture
1343:A number of species undertake
322:
1:
1479:
1779:10.1080/00063657.2012.748714
7:
1444:'s bird-heavy fourth album
1155:(40 species, including the
304:originally referred to the
10:
2277:
1475:is named "Troellwr Bach").
455:Phylogeny of Caprimulgidae
18:
1987:
990:
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57:Scientific classification
55:
48:
39:
34:
1318:Distribution and habitat
1285:Standard-winged nightjar
447:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
407:Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
197:
1537:Papers in Palaeontology
1368:good example being the
1355:Conservation and status
1186:– long-trained nightjar
1899:Birdlife International
1865:Jackson, H.D. (1985).
1728:10.2173/bow.caprim2.01
1576:. Hamlyn. p. 162.
1331:
2210:Paleobiology Database
1760:Caprimulgus europaeus
1589:Caprimulgus vociferus
1325:
1224:(6 species; includes
414:DNA-DNA hybridisation
2106:Fauna Europaea (new)
1412:Nebraska Cornhuskers
1074:(typical nightjars)
1036:Mourer-Chauviré 1988
412:In their pioneering
395:cryptically coloured
50:Great eared nightjar
1679:IOC World Bird List
1649:John Boyd's website
1636:Boyd, John (2007).
1328:Madagascar nightjar
1083:– collared nightjar
1002:(typical nightjars)
456:
300:. The English word
294:species are called
173:(typical nightjars)
1332:
454:
350:Steatornithiformes
2238:
2237:
2197:Open Tree of Life
1981:Taxon identifiers
1971:on xeno-canto.org
1550:10.1002/spp2.1392
1431:Come Down in Time
1376:'s south-western
1370:Vaurie's nightjar
1256:list of nightjars
1157:European nightjar
1137:– common poorwill
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364:, known from the
362:Archaeotrogonidae
306:European nightjar
209:are medium-sized
204:
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179:(eared nightjars)
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1543:(4): 2049–2064.
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1519:
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1501:
1492:
1408:common nighthawk
1309:
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1035:
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443:Caprimulgiformes
328:Caprimulgiformes
284:Caprimulgiformes
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127:Caprimulgiformes
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32:
31:
21:Gloster Nightjar
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2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
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2011:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1983:
1969:Nightjar sounds
1963:Nightjar videos
1959:
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1875:Wilson Bulletin
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422:Jon E. Ahlquist
403:common poorwill
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338:Aegotheliformes
330:
325:
317:rictal bristles
231:
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28:
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16:Family of birds
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2093:Fauna Europaea
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1957:External links
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1838:(3): 561–572.
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1607:10.1086/380210
1601:(2): 297–304.
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1503:
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1454:Whip-poor-will
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1400:state nickname
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1043:Eurostopodinae
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431:Eurostopodidae
418:Charles Sibley
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342:Nyctibiiformes
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177:Eurostopodinae
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2256:Caprimulgidae
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2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
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2077:
2073:
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2033:Caprimulgidae
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2019:Caprimulgidae
2014:
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1989:Caprimulgidae
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1936:
1921:
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1911:
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1903:Lynx Edicions
1900:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1882:(3): 381–385.
1881:
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1704:
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1474:
1473:grass warbler
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:Sickle-Winged
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Joanna Newsom
1439:
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1427:Bernie Taupin
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1246:
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1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:(nighthawks)
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
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1082:
1081:
1076:
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1072:
1071:Caprimulginae
1067:
1062:
1061:
1056:
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1047:
1046:
1045:
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1039:
1034:
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1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
999:Caprimulginae
995:
983:
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974:
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965:
964:
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
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391:
387:
383:
382:Caprimulginae
376:Caprimulgidae
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:Podargiformes
343:
339:
335:
320:
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298:
293:
289:
285:
282:
276:
226:
225:Caprimulgidae
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
193:
189:
184:
178:
175:
172:
171:Caprimulginae
169:
166:
163:
162:
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155:
150:
145:
144:Caprimulgidae
142:
139:
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133:
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125:
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68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1988:
1944:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1897:, Volume 5,
1892:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1772:(1): 77–86.
1769:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1719:
1712:
1711:"Nightjars (
1684:. Retrieved
1677:
1671:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1631:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1458:Star-Spotted
1366:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1333:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1212:Chordeilinae
1209:
1199:
1192:Eleothreptus
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1150:
1146:(12 species)
1141:
1132:
1125:Nyctiphrynus
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1051:Eurostopodus
1049:
1040:
1030:
1009:(nighthawks)
1006:Chordeilinae
920:
919:
903:
902:
870:
869:
853:
852:
795:
794:
778:
777:
756:Nyctiphrynus
754:
753:
730:
729:
652:
651:
634:
633:
610:
609:
586:
585:
562:
561:
551:Neotropical
523:
522:
499:
498:
477:Eurostopodus
475:
474:
435:
411:
406:
400:
386:Chordeilinae
379:
331:
314:
310:
301:
295:
287:
283:
224:
206:
205:
167:(nighthawks)
165:Chordeilinae
157:Subfamilies
143:
126:
110:
29:
2132:iNaturalist
2013:Wikispecies
1686:30 December
1654:30 December
1254:Also see a
1248:(2 species)
1239:(2 species)
1236:Nyctiprogne
1204:(2 species)
1195:(2 species)
1183:Macropsalis
1177:(2 species)
1168:(4 species)
1152:Caprimulgus
1143:Antrostomus
1128:(4 species)
1119:(2 species)
1116:Siphonorhis
1110:(4 species)
1107:Hydropsalis
1101:(2 species)
1098:Nyctidromus
1092:(2 species)
1063:(2 species)
1054:(7 species)
872:Caprimulgus
797:Antrostomus
732:Siphonorhis
636:Nyctidromus
612:Hydropsalis
564:Nyctiprogne
334:Apodiformes
323:Systematics
215:crepuscular
2245:Categories
1766:Bird Study
1517:2021-07-29
1480:References
1423:Elton John
1345:migrations
1221:Chordeiles
1210:Subfamily
1201:Systellura
1089:Nyctipolus
1069:Subfamily
1041:Subfamily
1032:Ventivorus
922:Chordeiles
719:Poorwills
698:nightjars
654:Nyctipolus
390:nighthawks
297:nighthawks
25:Chupacabra
2251:Nightjars
1736:216484216
1559:2056-2799
1390:Nighthawk
1245:Lurocalis
1174:Uropsalis
1165:Setopagis
1080:Gactornis
1060:Lyncornis
588:Lurocalis
525:Gactornis
501:Lyncornis
370:Oligocene
358:Strisores
292:New World
288:bugeaters
211:nocturnal
207:Nightjars
117:Strisores
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
35:Nightjar
1998:Wikidata
1925:18 March
1852:84823011
1815:87154795
1623:32140353
1615:15095249
1396:Nebraska
1378:Xinjiang
1312:Nightjar
1299:Pauraque
302:nightjar
140:Family:
94:Chordata
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
1795:Ostrich
1410:). The
1337:montane
1227:Podager
905:Podager
639:
312:roads.
220:in the
132:Ridgway
123:Order:
100:Class:
2228:196058
2202:275127
2163:177958
2150:101598
2085:1CPMGF
2004:Q27244
1905:, 1999
1850:
1813:
1741:1 July
1734:
1682:. v8.1
1621:
1613:
1557:
1450:Rufous
1446:Divers
1429:song "
1242:Genus
1233:Genus
1218:Genus
1198:Genus
1189:Genus
1180:Genus
1171:Genus
1162:Genus
1149:Genus
1140:Genus
1131:Genus
1122:Genus
1113:Genus
1104:Genus
1095:Genus
1086:Genus
1077:Genus
1057:Genus
1048:Genus
429:, the
427:family
416:work,
366:Eocene
348:, and
222:family
151:, 1825
149:Vigors
134:, 1881
2223:WoRMS
2215:39416
2189:48283
2145:IRMNG
2137:19376
2098:10811
1870:(PDF)
1848:S2CID
1811:S2CID
1732:S2CID
1645:(PDF)
1619:S2CID
1469:Welsh
1435:Sting
1374:China
855:Veles
388:, or
281:order
218:birds
111:Clade
2184:NCBI
2158:ITIS
2124:5225
2119:GBIF
2080:EPPO
2072:7971
2046:1457
2041:BOLD
1927:2018
1743:2017
1688:2017
1656:2017
1611:PMID
1591:)".
1555:ISSN
1467:The
1460:and
1326:The
445:and
439:owls
420:and
401:The
368:and
279:and
104:Aves
2171:NBN
2067:EoL
2059:7PQ
2054:CoL
2028:AFD
1840:doi
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1774:doi
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213:or
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