1838:
1850:
1373:
208:
1208:
566:
1874:
917:. According to Constantin Rezachevici, Nicolae was a full lord of his country, but his father was the "higher point of reference". As noted by Iorga, Nicolae's "full and uncontested" rule over Wallachia was meant to free Michael's had in claiming the throne of Transylvania (where he was formally governor on behalf of the Habsburgs). He was also using the separation of offices as an instrument against Rudolf's demands. In early 1600, when Rudolf demanded Nicolae as a hostage, Michael replied that this would mean statelessness for Wallachia. Nicolae's reign over Wallachia was assisted by a
29:
962:
1862:
1083:. The same source reports that Michael changed his mind as the expedition was starting, and instead placed Moldavia under a regency. According to historian N. Grigoraș, the Moldavian move may have been vetoed by Stanca, although some of the Moldavian boyars had proved welcoming. One contemporary account claims that Michael no longer wanted "his little son" as ruler of a "a borderland, for he was still fearful of Ieremia Voivode". As noted by Rezachevici, this may in fact refer to his awareness that the
1223:. Rumors of the period claimed that the two clashed over Michael's intent to divert his forces toward Făgăraș, in order to free Stanca and his children. Others even suggested that Basta framed Michael, first by agreeing to the offensive on Făgăraș, and then by withdrawing support and claiming that Michael was off to join the Ottomans. With Michael dead, Basta took control of the offensive into Transylvania, which eventually included the capture of Făgăraș. An
1187:, where he was to seek additional support from Rudolf and made peace with Basta. This interval presented an opportunity for the Hungarian nobles, who denounced Basta and took control over much of Transylvania. Nicolae and Stanca, now their prisoners, were removed from Gilău and dispatched to the more secluded Făgăraș. Some of Michael's supporters in Transylvania acknowledged in March 1601 that the family was healthy and satisfied, but a
1581:
1287:, against their common Wallachian rival. According to Gane, Nicolae sketched an attempt to topple his rival, leading a "small army he had improvised". Radu Șerban captured him and cut off part of his nose, which technically invalidated Nicolae's candidacy. Despite usurping Nicolae, he was a close follower of Michael's political line. Stanca returned to Wallachia with Florica, but died there in late 1603, a victim of the
1556:. Ana survived on a 50-Goldgulden pension, also finding employment as a seamstress; Ferdinand refused to let her return home. By 1635, she was able to pay off her debt to the citizens of Tyrnau, but protested that they would not return her collateral. She also took up her husband's inheritance claim, and, as early as 1627, complained to Ferdinand that Count Esterházy, as
774:
1200:
Ottomans demanded
Nicolae from the Hungarian nobles, their nominal allies. The request was denied, because Nicolae's captors expected to hold him as a leverage against Michael, and also because of Stanca's passionate opposition to the plan. In August 1601, with Imperial backing, Michael was able to defeat the rebels
1451:, who became Prince of Wallachia in June 1618. During that episode, Nicolae and Marcu Cercel again found themselves on opposite sides: frustrated in his attempts to obtain a Wallachian or Moldavian crown, Marcu had turned against his Habsburg backers. In his final years, he was one of Bethlen's trusted supporters.
1534:, he began writing of his plan to regain Bucharest with Bethlen's help. Nevertheless, he himself was immobilized by gout, turning his attention to less material pursuits, in particular reading. By 1626, attempting to alleviate his symptoms, he sought specialized care in Vienna. In his correspondence with
1238:
the German that, whatever his father's fault, he himself remained blameless and prostrated in front of the
Emperor". According to Iorga, the young heir, a "gentle creature", was "blessing his patron Basta, though the latter's hands were drenched in a blood that should have been dear to the princelet."
1199:
Despite his revival of the Holy League, Michael was having secret dealings with the
Ottomans, to whom he sent a number of peace offerings in exchange for recognition as Prince. Again during the early months of 1601, he offered to send his son, "who is now kept under lock at Făgăraș", to Istanbul. The
1114:
By June 1600 Nicolae was also styling himself "ruler over the whole
Country of Transylvania". In July, Michael requested from Rudolf that he and Nicolae be recognized as joint rulers of all three countries, and that their dynasty, including female descendants, be left to rule "to the end of time". On
653:
Dumitru of Vâlcănești, was a relative of the Buzești boyars. She was also mother of
Michael's daughter, Florica, who may have been born to another woman. Historians disagree on whether Florica was born ca. 1585 or much earlier. She was promised in marriage to several European monarchs, but eventually
1364:
settled his outstanding debt of 20,000 thaler, but he continued to be pressed by his creditors; six years later, he resold to
Emperor Rudolf his father's golden necklace. He had earlier declared this artifact lost. Meanwhile, the burghers of Tyrnau issued complaints against their guest, accusing his
1246:
from May 1602 claims that
Nicolae's candidacy was probably considered by a boyar faction, namely that supporting Wallachia's incorporation within the Empire. By then, Nicolae had been moved to Făgăraș, and was faced with Moldavian demands for his extradition. These were ignored by Basta, who instead
1191:
report of April claimed otherwise. Stanca later complained to her mother-in-law that the entire family had been mistreated, and other records suggest that their mobile possession were arbitrarily confiscated. Michael tried to have them released into Rudolf's custody, and proposed that
Nicolae become
1035:
on May 5, 1600. Some twenty days later, Ieremia fled
Moldavia, leaving the Wallachians in control; Nicolae had regained Târgoviște by that time. Various historians agree that Nicolae was selected by Michael to be the new Moldavian ruler. Rezachevici nuances this verdict, arguing that Michael in fact
1656:
forcefully keeping him on his entourage and considering him for the throne of
Transylvania. In 1643, he was trying to instigate a pro-Habsburg rebellion among the Romanians of Transylvania. This prevented Prince Matei, whose sons Matei II and Mateiaș had both died, from adopting Michael the Great's
1241:
Marcu Cercel also pledged his loyalties to the Empire. He followed Basta to Făgăraș, hoping to emerge as the Habsburg favorite for the Wallachian throne. A delegation of boyars supported him, while others noted that, at age eighteen, he was hardly competent; they preferred Șerban of Coiani for that
1237:
by the retreating Hungarians, probably through Moldavia. As reported by Gane, Stanca and Nicolae remained harshly critical of Michael in their interviews with Basta and David Ungnad, accepting that he may have been guilty of conspiracy against the Holy League. Nicolae "cried and trembled, informing
892:
For several months, Michael oscillated between the Habsburgs, who demanded his total submission, and the Ottomans, from whom he could expect recognition as Transylvanian Prince. In his dealings with either side, he offered to send Nicolae as a hostage. Meanwhile, Michael's reign in Wallachia was
1827:
to those who read them as Michael's personal arms; secondary debates range over whether they are shown holding up a sword or rather the trunk of a tree. Among the specialists involved, archivist Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu proposed that the seal was designed by Nicolae in a bid to cement his claim as
1259:
record details the meeting between Stanca and Teodora, who was by then a nun. According to Gane, this would suggest that Nicolae traveled back to Wallachia to meet his paternal grandmother, while others indicate that he was forced to stay behind in Transylvania until the second half of 1602. In
1551:
Nicolae died of gout in 1627, either somewhere "in Austria" or at Pressburg. As noted by Ștefan Mihăilescu, his date of death was between June 19 and September 7. According to the same author, he was probably aged 40 or 41. The body was assigned for burial to the Orthodox church of
1523:. Nicolae became Druget's favorite for the Wallachian crown, his father-in-law having since retired from the race. Eventually, Nicolae and Radu Șerban became aware that Graziani wanted the crown of Wallachia for himself, and were resentful, taking their distance from the Militia.
364:
with his own retinue. He litigated over his father's assets, which had been confiscated by the Empire, and set out to redeem his memory, while also involving himself in conspiracies for the recovery of Wallachia. From 1610, he reconciled with Radu Șerban, becoming his
1115:
September 12, Rudolf finally issued a writ recognizing Michael and Nicolae as lifetime governors of Transylvania and as Princes of the other two countries. Over those months, however, Michael had lost Transylvania to an insurgency headed by the Imperial warlord
830:. The latter promised recognition for Michael, and for Nicolae as his rightful successor. Around that time, Michael also negotiated the terms of a new alliance with Transylvania, promising that he would marry Nicolae to a sister of Transylvanian magnate
1156:
Despite the pledge, Michael was also very unwilling to send his family abroad, and procrastinated to October 1600. Florica only arrived on December 30, and Teodora, also promised as a hostage, never left Wallachia. Nicolae finally presented himself at
873:. However, Mârza cautions, no document shows whether Nicolae actually attended courses, but only that Michael had wanted him to enroll. In any case, this period ended with a sudden worsening of relations between the Holy League and Transylvania, with
1631:
The marriage of Nicolae and Ana produced two sons, Gavril and Mihai Pătrașcu, and a daughter, Ilinca (Elena). Gavril died in 1622, an infant or young child. Nicolae's daughter stayed with her mother in Austria until 1640. Both returned to settle in
1800:, and holding a ring in its beak, while Radu Șerban's has a closed beak and no cross. Cernovodeanu proposes that this heraldic distinction highlighted the difference of weight in dynastic claims: Nicolae saw himself as descending from the original
1651:
Mihai, who was also recognized as a Cup-bearer, stated a claim to his share of the Coiani inheritance, demanding in particular 4,000 Goldgulden pledged by the Empire to his maternal grandmother, Elena Șerban. He was still attached to Vienna, with
1530:, and inherited from him the assets of the Coiani boyars. By then, Nicolae was again emerging as Ferdinand's favorite: the Empire would not assign him more money, but Michael's inheritance was paid up in land, houses, and salt. Following the
1560:, was blocking her litigation. The Emperor intervened and ordered the procedures to be carried out with some expediency. Parts of Michael the Brave's estate were also being requested by some of the prominent Hungarian families, including
1091:
was preparing the reconquest of Moldavia. Under this Wallachian ascendancy, Moldavia's throne was most probably being prepared for Marcu Cercel. The regency council which then emerged is generally believed to have comprised Andronikos,
375:. He welcomed the older Prince in exile, after he was deposed by the Ottomans in 1611, and two years later married his daughter, Ana. From then until 1620, the two former Princes participated in anti-Ottoman projects that also involved
1182:
After Bucov, Simion Movilă took over Nicolae's throne, in what was in practice an alternative dynastic union between Wallachia and Moldavia. Michael remained an exile, seeking to renew his fealty toward the Habsburgs. He departed for
1469:
investigation into Michael's killing. The news were poorly received by Nicolae, who complained that the inquiry would open the record to "calumnies" against his father and cement Basta's depiction of the Prince as a "traitor".
640:, Nicolae looked to be aged 12 or 13 in 1599–1600, meaning that he was born in 1586 or 1587. Mihăilescu has "year unknown". According to his research, the only reliable date to go by is 1584, the year of Michael's marriage to
406:
to become his crown prince, but this request did not suit Habsburgs policies, and was dropped. Nicolae's widow and his daughter Ilinca were allowed passage, and repatriated both Princes' remains, which were buried together at
1007:, to take the Wallachian throne. Michael began preparing for war, but could only hope to succeed if he created a rift between Poland and the Movilești. Around December 1599, he was considering a matrimonial alliance with the
1497:
asking them to support his "Christian Militia", which also fought against Bethlen. Although criticized as Orthodox "Schismatics", they were eventually accepted as allies, alongside the ephemeral Catholic Prince of Moldavia,
1837:
1140:, he pledged to send Stanca and his children, including Nicolae, as hostages to Transylvania, hoping to secure a truce with Basta. Michael obtained guarantees that his family would not be imprisoned by his enemies, the
1423:
suggests that both Princes escaped Wallachia together, heading for Vienna. Eventually, Radu Șerban also settled at Tyrnau. From there, he began plotting Radu Mihnea's downfall, profiting from the Ottomans' focus on a
1260:
August, Nicolae addressed the Emperor a letter which reaffirmed his loyalty and asked to be received at the court in Prague, while also issuing a claim to Michael's confiscated assets. On September 28, Nicolae was at
3630:
1204:. News of this pushed the Wallachian boyars into a successful anti-Movilești rebellion, which technically restored Nicolae on the throne. They sent envoys to Michael's camp, who also reached Făgăraș on their way.
788:
in August 1595. Sources differ as to what Nicolae and Stanca were doing during that interval. Some authors believe that they remained in Gherghița until autumn 1596, when they finally moved to the second capital,
701:. According to legend, he miraculously evaded execution, then left into self-exile. It is probable that Nicolae and Stanca remained behind in Oltenia. Walther reports that Pătrașcu went into hiding with a band of
912:
Nicolae Pătrașcu was the reigning Prince of Wallachia between December 1599 and September 1601. For this reason, Michael's unification of Wallachia and Transylvania is described by various historians as mostly a
3777:
Maria-Venera Rădulescu, "Marcu, fiul principelui Petru Cercel (1583–1585). Cahle medievale descoperite la Cerbureni, jud. Argeș, și la Târgoviște, jud. Dâmbovița (Curtea Domnească și zona Bisericii Stelea)", in
1849:
298:
in 1599, Nicolae participated in Michael's conquest of Transylvania. In December 1599 he was sent back to Wallachia to rule as Prince, while Michael took direct charge of Transylvania and then conquered
1040:
argues the same, namely that Michael expected Sigismund Vasa to recognize "Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania to his son Nicolae, and to his heirs of the male gender." In June, as he rearranged the
1808:. However, all seals used by Nicolae, Radu Șerban and Mihai Pătrașcu feature the same display, including lions in supporters and the cross (either behind the bird or in its beak), but without a ring.
893:
under threat, with a new offensive started by the Ottoman Army, which again tried to penetrate into Wallachia. The expedition notably included a pretender known as Cremonese Basarab, who was probably
3924:
3919:
834:; Florica, meanwhile, was to marry Jósika's son. The project was suppressed when Sigismund Báthory refused to commit to the Holy League, prompting Michael to seek a matrimonial alliance with the
3964:
1714:, and then became noted as enemies of the Cantacuzinos. Ilinca was still mentioned in 1656, and died childless some time after; Istratie was executed in December 1658 by a new Prince,
593:. Some historians accept that he was Prince Pătrașcu's son, or at least a member of his house. Others simply list Michael's paternal roots as disputed. Nicolae's grandmother was
1420:
644:; Nicolae was the couple's eldest child. Historian Radu Mârza gives Nicolae's birth year as "approx. 1584", while other documentary evidence pushes the date back to ca. 1575.
464:, had made his most successful bid for the throne in 1563–1564. Iorga proposes that both Bassaraba and Pătrașcu were in fact named in honor of their supposed common ancestor,
1861:
1075:
850:. That year, Nicolae was given his first official assignment, which involved greeting Imperial envoys as they arrived in Târgoviște. In late 1597, Michael had also sent for
801:, who finds it more likely that Walther was a diplomatic envoy. In 1599, Walther wrote that the Prince sent "his woman, his children and all that he held dear" to safety in
1477:. In 1619, Bethlen, joining the anti-Habsburg coalition, attacked Ferdinand's possessions in Hungary. Nicolae, Ana, and Radu Șerban fled Tyrnau ahead of a siege, moving to
3148:
Mihăilescu, pp. 43, 47, 48. See also Cazacu, pp. 178–179; Gane, pp. 146–147, 210–212; Iorga (1902), p. CXXXIII; Neagoe, p. 196; Stoicescu, pp. 94, 206; Theodorescu, p. 205
724:, which he raised on the castle grounds. Michael grew somewhat estranged from his wife, and kept several official mistresses. One of these was Tudora, wife of the scribe
452:
highlights the exotic nature of Nicolae's baptismal name, in its temporal context. The last Prince of Wallachia to have been crowned under that name was the 14th-century
1762:
757:
responded to the revolt by ransacking Bucharest, during which time one of Nicolae's deer was killed and the other lost. The princely family fled to the fortress town of
1719:
1315:) of the Holy Roman Empire. Nevertheless, his funding was irregular, and overall viewed as insufficient by Nicolae and his retinue, who were increasingly dependent on
1165:
Stoica Rioșeanu. All three pledged their loyalty to Rudolf and expressed criticism of Michael's policies. On October 17, Nicolae and his mother were honored guests at
3648:
680:
4004:
1706:. After his failure with Mihai Pătrașcu, Prince Matei hoped to adopt Istratie, but met opposition from the other boyars, and was ultimately discarded in favor of
877:
taking over as the latter country's Prince. The deterioration prompted Michael to begin his conquest of Transylvania. Nicolae was by his father's side during the
3934:
1291:. Balea of Cârțoclești assisted the family with various matters, including Stanca's funeral. Meanwhile, Nicolae obtained an imperial monthly pension worth 100
842:. Michael was especially worried when Mehmed asked for Nicolae to be sent as hostage, pushing him back into rebellion. In 1598, he proposed that Florica marry
1535:
637:
594:
3999:
1670:
1613:
902:
734:
Socol Cornățeanu. One tradition refers to another Wallachian, the alleged son of Michael and brother of Nicolae, who ended up serving the Ottoman Empire as
335:. Basta assassinated Michael in August 1601, but then liberated the family, with the ostensibly pro-Habsburg Nicolae still vying for the Wallachian throne.
40:
2028:
Gane, pp. 106–107, 138–139; Neagoe, pp. 200–201; Mihăilescu, p. 41; Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1989–1990; Stoicescu, pp. 64–65, 100; Theodorescu, pp. 8, 29–30
1692:
894:
847:
777:
457:
412:
1811:
Michael the Brave and Nicolae are both associated with another seal, first used on July 27, 1600. Its complex field has the Wallachian bird alongside the
705:, while Stanca was sent to live with the "women of the land". Michael eventually took the throne in 1593, with crucial backing from the Ottoman potentate
3855:
1781:, created by Valentin Franck, puts Nicolae's arms alongside those of his father-in-law, showing them to be nearly identical: they both have oval shields
1037:
805:. Other reports of the period suggests that Michael began negotiating a truce with the Ottomans, during which he offered to send Nicolae as a hostage to
1742:
1084:
3944:
3939:
1696:
1045:
918:
725:
609:
1565:
3727:
2136:
Ionașcu, pp. 233–234; Neagoe, pp. 196, 201; Stoicescu, pp. 57, 108, 232. See also Gane, pp. 143–144, 146, 211; Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1990, 1991
1503:
1027:
Michael led his combined Wallachian–Transylvanian force into a storming of Moldavia. His son reportedly joined in the effort, traveling with the
855:
793:. Walther visited the place in June 1597, in time for Pătrașcu's name day, and composed an epigram for the occasion. From such accounts, scholar
3756:
Radu Mârza, "Implicarea familiei în diplomație la Mihai Viteazul: practica trimiterii familiei proprii ca ostatică la partenerii politici", in
1494:
1459:
Nicolae ultimately married Radu Șerban's daughter, known as Ana or Ancuța Radulea, on July 10, 1618. The wedding was blessed by a new Emperor,
376:
3724:
Studiĭ și documente cu privire la istoria romînilor. IV: Legăturile Principatelor romîne cu Ardealul; de la 1601 la 1699. Povestire și izvoare
709:. The latter is often assumed to have been a brother of Teodora, which would establish a genealogical link between Nicolae and the emerging
1657:
grandson. In 1654, formally released from Austrian service, Mihai made a final effort to regain Wallachia, counting on assistance from the
1388:
762:
280:
3969:
207:
1823:
theme, with both Princes in supporters. An enduring controversy surrounds the two lions, opposing historians who view them as a variant
1463:, who presented the couple with a silver chalice. The scandal over Michael's inheritance peaked the same year, when Matthias ordered an
765:. According to Mârza, the new developments had pushed Michael into using his own family as pawns in a "complexity of diplomatic games".
1773:. As noted by heraldist Dan Cernovodeanu, this "hybrid" was represented with "very elegant" form under Nicolae's alleged grandfather,
1107:
809:. According to this narrative, Nicolae was still in Transylvania. Upon receiving news of Wallachia's rapprochement with the Ottomans,
402:
within seven years of each other, leaving the family in destitution. In the 1640s, Nicolae's son Mihai was asked by Wallachian Prince
3989:
3959:
3949:
927:
1036:
groomed Nicolae and his heirs to rule as a single dynasty over all three countries. A contemporary testimony by the Polish diplomat
3984:
3894:
3889:
1411:, though he never took possession of the latter. In July 1611, he fought alongside the Wallachian Prince as he defeated Báthory in
1372:
922:
706:
271:, peaking in 1593, when Michael became Prince and Nicolae his heir apparent. As he began a quest to emancipate Wallachia from the
3994:
3979:
3954:
3770:
Claudiu Neagoe, "'Uniuni dinastice' și proiecte matrimoniale între Țările Române în a doua jumătate a veacului al XVI-lea", in
3741:
Legături descoperite de D. M. Beza cu mănăstirile Meteorele din Tesalia. Cu o notă despre Nicolae-Vodă Petrașcu, fiul lui Mihai
1873:
1425:
1334:). From Tyrnau, he litigated over his father's remaining assets, which were still in the Empire's custody, and also demanded
1544:, noting that he had "no other pleasure left". He complained to Ferdinand's court of his insolvency, receiving backing from
394:, which began after Ferdinand took the imperial throne in 1619, Nicolae and Radu Șerban joined a Habsburg coalition against
485:
1592:
Nicolae's remains were finally exhumed by Ana in 1640, and taken to Wallachia together with Radu Șerban's (recovered from
3929:
1734:
1733:. In the 1880s, Roman obtained essential biographical documents relating to Pătrașcu and Ana Radulea, from the estate of
1473:
The issue was put on hold by the accession of Archduke Ferdinand to the imperial throne, an event which also sparked the
1041:
905:. According to Gane, Stanca was made a regent, which allowed Michael to spend more time with his Transylvanian mistress,
720:, and probably lived with them in the princely court of Piața cu Flori. An oral tradition records that he owned two pet
1593:
1327:
993:
357:
312:
119:
1648:
by Prince Matei. Florica had died shortly after her brother, in or around 1629, while Marula was still alive in 1647.
1060:, swore his allegiance not just to Michael, but also to Nicolae. This also appears in one oath by the newly appointed
3909:
3656:
2633:
2064:
Gane, p. 144; Iorga (1934), p. 77; Mihăilescu, p. 42. See also Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1990, 1991 & (2000), p. 10
1812:
1738:
1653:
1608:
and "the Hungarian heretic". Unusually, Nicolae and his family were regularly commemorated by a Moldavian church at
327:. In negotiating his peace with the latter, he sent Nicolae and Stanca as hostages. They were assigned ownership of
3914:
1604:. The epitaph, which probably dates from the late 18th century, commemorates both as heroes of the defense against
1433:
1352:
from his father's possessions, but failed to enforce this ruling, leaving Nicolae to issue a formal protest to the
1296:
742:
654:
wed boyar Preda "Floricoiu" of Cepturoaia. Stanca's brother was Dragomir of Cârțoclești, who was briefly Michael's
617:
353:
288:
268:
861:
Some scholars argue that, at some point in 1598 or 1599, Nicolae was dispatched to Transylvania, enrolling at the
741:
Nicolae's stay in Bucharest ended in 1594, when Michael rebelled against the Ottoman Empire. Wallachia joined the
1443:, on behalf of the Movilești. This final reconciliation ended badly for the Moldavians, as Elisabeta and her son
616:, which had an important say in its political life. From beginnings as an itinerant merchant, Michael joined the
453:
331:, but, following clashes between Basta and the Hungarians, were taken by the latter to a harsher imprisonment in
1990:
Tabvlae codicvm manv scriptorvm praeter graecos et orientales in Bibliotheca palatina vindobonensi asservatorvm
1088:
816:
ordered Michael's entire family to be quietly arrested. They remained hostages until January or February 1596.
424:
232:
3788:"Viața științifică. Originea lui Mihai Viteazul. Dezbateri în cadrul Comisiei de genealogie și heraldică", in
1710:. Both Istratie and Stroe rose to prominence later in the 1650s, under the rule of Radu Șerban's natural son,
1265:
3904:
3618:
Matei Cazacu, "Stratégies matrimoniales et politiques des Cantacuzène sous la Turcocratie (XVe–XVIe s.)", in
843:
436:
1722:(Nicolae's alleged cousin), he was pardoned and sent to a monastery, ending his life as Silvestru the Monk.
3678:
Carl Göllner, "Beziehungen der Rumanischen Wojewoden Radu Șerban, Nicolae Petrașcu und Gaspar Graziani zur
1824:
1460:
858:, Marcu was virtually adopted by the Prince, and was also being considered a suitor for Marula or Florica.
1725:
Nicolae Pătrașcu enjoys recognition in modern-day Romania. Research into his biography was inaugurated by
1545:
1415:. Later that year, Radu Șerban was chased out of Bucharest by another Ottoman invasion, and replaced with
2681:
Grigoraș, p. 10; Mihăilescu, p. 47; Rădulescu, pp. 56–57; Rezachevici (2000), pp. 5, 10; Stoicescu, p. 37
1269:
1013:, through both Nicolae and Florica. Early the following year, he offered to send Nicolae as a hostage to
813:
248:
1624:, painted by a Master Mina. Mihăilescu, who also writes that Prince Nicolae was a Wallachian version of
1276:. In December, Nicolae, Stanca and Florica had reached Vienna, and were asking for Rudolf's assistance.
3899:
3814:, "Cronica lui Baltasar Walther despre Mihai Viteazul în raport cu cronicile interne contemporane", in
1279:
Between 1602 and 1611, the Wallachian throne was held by Șerban of Coiani, who took the regnal name of
1136:). He was forced back into Wallachia when the Poles began their march on Bucharest. Shortly before the
1028:
925:, Nicolae's putative uncle, was reportedly his tutor; he also managed the country's fiscal affairs, as
472:. Scholar Ștefan Mihăilescu believes that Michael the Brave may have named his son in direct homage to
304:
236:
670:
Dragomir Dobromirescu, but later research proved that there was no relation between them. Genealogist
3826:
1636:, alongside the Cantacuzinos, before recovering their family estates. They could resume ownership of
1540:
1531:
1219:
Nicolae's fortunes were overturned within a month, following Michael's killing on Basta's orders, at
785:
517:
398:'s Transylvania. They themselves were chased out of Tyrnau by Bethlen's offensive, and both died of
3974:
997:
702:
687:
165:
3519:
Marisia. Anuarul Muzeului Județean Mureș. Studii și Materiale, II: Arheologie, Istorie, Etnografie
1207:
1633:
1126:
1018:
878:
824:
291:, Michael also negotiated a settlement with the Ottomans, again offering Nicolae as a guarantee.
196:
2046:
Gane, pp. 138–139; Ionașcu, p. 166. See also Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1989–1991; Stoicescu, p. 70
1145:
823:, adhered to Michael's conciliatory lines. In July 1597, both were more openly negotiating with
565:
332:
3748:
1774:
1335:
1288:
1261:
1132:
862:
854:, his alleged nephew, who had spent his childhood in Transylvania. According to the chronicler
810:
664:
Balea, who acted as her caretaker. Historians have often assumed that Stanca was the sister of
582:
264:
1867:
One variant of the 1600 seal, featuring lions with sword; Nicolae and his father as supporters
1737:. The Prince's tunic and cape were recovered from Comana and, by 1978, were on display at the
1428:. The expedition, finally started in 1616, was blocked by the hostile Transylvanian regime of
3879:
1620:, which Michael furbished in 1593–1594. His heir is shown alongside his mother on the Căluiu
1283:. By 1608, Nicolae had returned to Transylvania, hoping to seal an alliance with its Prince,
1272:
honoring his late father. The Wallachian assets he bequeathed included the entire village of
1057:
839:
3847:
1201:
28:
3884:
1718:. His father survived him by twenty years. Tried for his role in the unlawful execution of
1658:
1474:
1300:
1141:
996:. Initially, Michael pursued matrimonial diplomacy: Nicolae was to marry a daughter of the
978:
391:
349:
111:
1711:
1518:
820:
698:
577:
Various scholarly disputes surround the origins of Nicolae's father Michael the Brave, or
8:
1678:
1557:
1485:. During that interval, both former Princes became involved in the project to assist the
1229:
of October 6 claims that Basta's troops ran into Michael's family not at Făgăraș, but at
961:
432:
49:
2621:
1444:
1440:
1380:
794:
627:
1662:
1507:
1366:
1120:
1021:
831:
710:
324:
3445:
Gane, pp. 238–240; Ionașcu, p. 13; Iorga (1902), pp. CXIX, CCLIV; Slavici, pp. 386–387
1669:, and was recorded as dead by 1656. One tradition suggests that he was the suitor for
1284:
598:
3859:
3838:
3744:
3731:
3707:
3652:
3634:
2629:
1770:
1173:. In their dialogue with Michael, the Hungarians offered Gilău as a permanent family
835:
746:
602:
570:
477:
295:
276:
256:
176:
146:
71:
2690:
Stoicescu, pp. 41, 75, 86, 100. See also Rădulescu, p. 56; Rezachevici (2000), p. 10
1448:
1079:, which claims that Michael ordered Radu Buzescu to arrange Nicolae's departure for
1073:
An interpretation of Nicolae's role in Moldavia is found in 18th-century variant of
1000:
874:
2628:, pp. 5, 15. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Biblic și de Misiune Ortodoxă, 1994.
1801:
1750:
1730:
1707:
1605:
1601:
1053:
974:
750:
408:
284:
283:, proposing him as either a hostage or a matrimonial guarantee. While entering the
130:
1761:
Like all Wallachian Princes of the period, Nicolae used as his primary symbol the
1600:
welcomed them in Bucharest, then buried them together in the shared necropolis of
1526:
In February 1620, after having moved to Vienna, Nicolae lost his father-in-law to
1220:
1212:
1158:
1144:, but Basta denied his other requests, including that they would be dispatched to
1098:
1004:
503:("Peter the Voivode"). The derivative Pătrașcu appears in Nicolae's signatures in
316:
81:
3691:
3661:
1786:
1726:
1703:
1609:
1499:
1429:
1376:
1353:
1256:
1188:
1137:
790:
671:
586:
395:
384:
3795:"Doi poeți, un personaj și adevărul. 'Banul Mărăcine' – un domn necunoscut", in
1032:
1024:
refused to accept, and informed Michael that he could still expect retaliation.
898:
897:'s son. In early December, Michael ordered Nicolae back to Târgoviște by way of
548:. Another early Romanian record, preserved by Nicolae's tombstone, cites him as
1490:
1049:
939:, who would later play a significant role in Wallachian history, was Nicolae's
914:
613:
530:
476:, whom he credited as his personal protector. A period witness and biographer,
473:
465:
272:
267:. His early childhood coincided with Michael's quick rise through the ranks of
3852:
Civilizația românilor între medieval și modern. Orizontul imaginii (1550–1800)
2145:
Ionașcu, pp. 60, 125, 167; Stoicescu, pp. 30, 31, 53, 69, 70, 82, 99, 103, 254
1384:
1170:
936:
339:
328:
86:
3873:
3811:
3716:
1597:
1553:
1361:
1339:
1116:
906:
798:
797:
deduces that he was Pătrașcu's tutor—a claim seen as inaccurate by historian
683:
and a niece of Dobromirescu, though other historians reject that hypothesis.
641:
449:
403:
320:
303:. Some records suggest that Nicolae was considered, or considered himself, a
260:
186:
3835:
Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII
3337:
Gane, pp. 211–213; Mihăilescu, pp. 48, 49. See also Theodorescu, pp. 206–207
1805:
773:
461:
3821:
3605:
Cernovodeanu, pp. 70–71. See also Grigoraș, p. 9; Rezachevici (2000), p. 10
3139:
Iorga (1902), pp. CXXXI, CXXXIII–CXXXIV, CXXXLX, CXL; Rădulescu, pp. 57–61
2208:
Cazacu, p. 176; Gane, pp. 138–139; Neagoe, p. 201; Stoicescu, pp. 41, 64–65
1797:
1778:
1766:
1580:
1465:
1408:
1003:. The latter refused the offer, as he was instead pushing for his brother,
946:
851:
754:
590:
308:
3863:
3842:
3735:
3711:
3638:
1569:
1506:'s attack on Bethlen's Transylvania, also transferring exorbitant sums to
989:
758:
380:
315:
and Moldavia invaded Wallachia and chased out Nicolae, replacing him with
1674:
1625:
1447:
were dethroned and imprisoned by the Ottomans. Nicolae remained close to
1416:
1399:. In this interval, Nicolae exchanged deeds over his father's village of
866:
622:
3490:
Gane, pp. 213, 331–348; Ionașcu, pp. 18, 51; Stoicescu, pp. 181, 203–206
2235:
Gane, p. 142; Neagoe, pp. 196, 201; Stoicescu, pp. 161–162, 203–204, 206
1400:
761:, although rumor soon spread that they had been sent as hostages to the
573:
miraculously escaping his executioner, as depicted in an 1872 lithograph
537:. Some of the Romanian writs issued after his departure refer to him as
1782:
1715:
1645:
1512:
1482:
1412:
1357:
1316:
1308:
1292:
886:
827:
728:, who gave birth to a daughter. Named Marula, she later became wife of
660:
372:
115:
2100:
Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1990, 1991; Stoicescu, pp. 35, 38, 40, 70, 172
1992:, Vol. VI, pp. 79, 416. Vienna: Venum dat Caroli Geroldi Filius, 1873
456:, whose memory had faded, and it was only used since by the pretender
2594:
Cernovodeanu, pp. 70–72; Grigoraș, p. 9; Rezachevici (2000), pp. 9–10
1344:
1247:
asked the Hungarian nobles that they return Nicolae's stolen assets.
870:
717:
676:
649:
504:
367:
252:
3671:
Mihai Georgiță, "Mihai Viteazul și creștinătatea sud-dunăreană", in
1561:
1166:
1014:
1666:
1628:, laments that his fate was otherwise "nearly entirely forgotten."
1331:
1062:
1009:
985:
965:
Moldavian battle scene of ca. 1600, depicted as a struggle between
941:
806:
481:
445:
429:Млстію Вжією Іѡ Нєколає Воєвода и гспднь въсою зємлє ꙋггровлахискоє
344:
300:
3765:
Studii și Materiale Privitoare la Trecutul Istoric al Jud. Prahova
1641:
1637:
869:. Mihăilescu believes that the school gave him his proficiency in
543:
2037:
Mârza, p. 73; Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1989–1990; Stoicescu, p. 70
1486:
1234:
1175:
1067:
694:
632:
469:
441:
319:. Michael was also chased out of Transylvania by his former ally
160:
3925:
17th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia
3920:
16th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia
2468:
Iorga (1934), p. 77; Neagoe, p. 196; Rezachevici (2000), pp. 5–6
1123:; Moldavia was also reconquered by the Poles and the Movilești (
1080:
819:
Walther also suggests that Maria Christina's returning husband,
3703:
1349:
1323:
1225:
1193:
1184:
1094:
882:
730:
666:
361:
35:
2987:
Gane, pp. 201–209; Stoicescu, p. 94; Theodorescu, pp. 205, 207
2626:
Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române. Vol. 2 (Sec. XVII și XVIII)
1796:. In Franck's version, Nicolae's arms feature the bird over a
1749:, with Constantin Fugașin as a rambunctious Nicolae Pătrașcu (
1621:
1617:
1538:, he asked to receive books of grammar and theology from the
1478:
1230:
984:
From his campsite in Transylvania, Michael set his sights on
970:
802:
780:, who, in 1598, was considered as a suitable wife for Nicolae
3517:
Gelu Neamțu, "Alexandru Roman, gînditor și istoriograf", in
2717:
Gane, p. 144; Mârza, pp. 75–76, 77–80; Mihăilescu, pp. 42–43
2522:
Iorga (1934), pp. 76–78; Mihăilescu, p. 47; Stoicescu, p. 94
2244:
Maria Frunză, "Începuturile publicisticii lui B. P. Hasdeu (
1843:
Coat of arms of Nicolae Pătrașcu in the Franck version, 1616
3965:
Prisoners and detainees of the Principality of Transylvania
2654:
Rădulescu, p. 56; Stoicescu, p. 36. See also Grigoraș, p. 9
2549:
Grigoraș, p. 7; Neagoe, p. 201; Rezachevici (2000), pp. 6–7
1527:
1304:
1273:
966:
721:
499:, although one Moldavian document of 1600 refers to him as
399:
901:, assigning him a 6,000-strong guard under the command of
1169:, on their way to a gilded imprisonment in the castle of
275:, Michael used his son as a party to alliances with the
3041:
Mihăilescu, pp. 43–46. See also Iorga (1934), pp. 78–80
597:, Pătrașcu's alleged mistress. A native or resident of
589:
princely clan, and therefore also as a half-brother of
1855:
Coat of arms of Radu Șerban in the same Franck version
1161:
on October 16, accompanied by Archbishop Dionysus and
307:, though that title was more likely held by a cousin,
294:
With the strengthening of Michael's alliance with the
3121:
Iorga (1902), pp. CXXVI–CXXXVI; Mihăilescu, pp. 47–48
448:
of the Entire Hungro-Wallachian Country"). Historian
1436:and defeated the Wallachian returnees in Moldavia.
1342:, which had been promised to Michael. In 1605, the
3792:, Vol. 29, Issue 12, December 1976, pp. 1989–1991.
3763:Ștefan Mihăilescu, "Nicolae Petrașcu Voievod", in
3689:N. Grigoraș, "De același sînge cu moldovenii", in
3645:Domeniul domnesc în Țara Românească (sec. XIV–XVI)
1502:. In November 1619, Nicolae and Graziani assisted
784:Michael eventually defeated the Ottoman intruders
480:, contrarily reports that Pătrașcu celebrated his
3095:Damaschin Mioc, "Știri de istorie a românilor în
1685:depicted in a 1651 engraving by Elias Wiedemann.
1644:, but not of their serfs, who were recognized as
846:, and also tried to arrange Nicolae's wedding to
348:. Mutilated by his rival, Nicolae settled in the
3871:
3596:Cernovodeanu, pp. 69–73. See also Grigoraș, p. 9
2996:Gane, p. 145; Ionașcu, p. 166; Mihăilescu, p. 43
1439:Șerban's effort was also assisted by Moldavia's
411:. Ilinca went on to marry a high-ranking boyar,
3346:Theodorescu, p. 207. See also Mihăilescu, p. 50
491:In Moldavia, the Prince was generally known as
423:In a document which uses the courtly language,
3032:Iorga (1934), pp. 78–80; Mihăilescu, pp. 43–46
2513:Iorga (1934), pp. 76–78; Stoicescu, pp. 41, 72
1233:, which indicates that they had been moved to
3935:Mutilated pretenders to the Wallachian throne
1828:Michael's successor on the Moldavian throne.
1395:In 1610, Radu Șerban recognized Nicolae as a
881:(October 1599), and was then present for the
3772:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie
3184:Göllner, pp. 76–80; Theodorescu, pp. 205–207
1661:. He fell ill with the plague upon reaching
713:. The interpretation remains controversial.
636:. According to contemporary writers such as
4005:Military personnel of the Thirty Years' War
3837:. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.
3802:"Mihai Viteazul: itinerarul moldovean", in
2248:, 18 noiembrie 1858—26 ianuarie 1859)", in
2172:Ionașcu, pp. 165–167; Stoicescu, pp. 53, 82
1804:, whereas his ally was only related to the
1052:from other hierarchs. The group, including
647:Stanca, who had been previously married to
3666:Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I
2369:Neagoe, p. 201. See also Gane, pp. 143–144
1681:. Some scholars also argue that he is the
973:. Illustration to a manuscript ordered by
533:sources, his name appeared more simply as
3824:, "Nepotul lui Mihaiŭ-Voda Viteazul", in
3530:"Aspecte din Muzeul Militar Central", in
3508:Gane, pp. 344–345; Stoicescu, pp. 204–205
3130:Gane, pp. 179–181, 183; Mihăilescu, p. 48
1917:Neagoe, p. 197; Rezachevici (1998), p. 55
1307:ca. 1603, and, on May 30, 1606, was made
1295:. He was also assigned to the retinue of
674:also describes Stanca as the daughter of
560:
247:; ca. 1580 – late 1627), was the titular
4000:Austrian people of the Thirty Years' War
3945:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Austria
3940:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
3427:Gane, pp. 213, 239; Slavici, pp. 387–390
2567:Mârza, p. 76. See also Grigoraș, pp. 7–8
2250:Anuar de Lingvistică și Istorie Literară
1579:
1371:
1348:recognized that Nicolae was owed 15,000
1322:The former Prince eventually settled in
1206:
960:
772:
564:
3622:, Vols. XIX–XX, 1995–1996, pp. 157–181.
3532:Revista Muzeelor și Monumentelor. Muzee
2753:Mârza, pp. 79–80; Mihăilescu, pp. 42–43
2055:Gane, pp. 140–141; Stoicescu, pp. 70–71
658:; this made her aunt of another boyar,
371:and assisting with his expedition into
3872:
3830:, Vol. I, Issue 13, 1894, pp. 385–390.
3700:Biserici, chipuri și documente din Olt
3551:, Vol. XV, Issue 8, August 1977, p. 24
1612:. Their likeness remains preserved at
1215:, in a 1694 illustration of the events
945:. At least one document confirms that
338:In 1602, the Wallachian crown went to
1264:, where he donated various assets to
608:In the 16th century, Wallachia was a
581:, who passed himself off as a son of
3816:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
3686:, Vol. VI, Issue 1, 1968, pp. 71–83.
3684:Revue des Études Sud-est Européennes
3631:Editura științifică și enciclopedică
3627:Știința și arta heraldică în România
3101:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
2780:Mârza, pp. 77, 80; Mihăilescu, p. 43
1765:, which was by then a cross between
1532:Habsburg–Transylvanian rapprochement
605:and reportedly worked as a barmaid.
342:, who had previously been Nicolae's
3112:Gane, p. 211; Mihăilescu, pp. 47–48
2924:Mârza, pp. 81–82; Mihăilescu, p. 43
2477:Rezachevici (2000), pp. 6, 9, 10–11
2190:Mihăilescu, p. 41; Simonescu, p. 36
2001:Göllner, p. 77; Theodorescu, p. 206
697:, fell afoul of the ruling Prince,
13:
3970:Prisoners and detainees of Austria
3364:Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1990, 1991
2091:Rezachevici (1976), pp. 1990, 1991
988:, which was governed by a hostile
768:
620:in 1588, when he served as lesser
521:, also kept in Latin, name him as
14:
4016:
3760:, Vol. XII–XIII, 1999, pp. 73–83.
3728:Stabilimentul grafic I. V. Socecŭ
2960:Iorga (1934), p. 79; Mârza, p. 82
1588:, which may depict Mihai Pătrașcu
1419:. An 18th-century compilation by
1303:, which required his presence in
3990:Romanian expatriates in Slovakia
3960:Romanian prisoners and detainees
3950:Romanian people of Greek descent
3675:, Vol. XXXIX, 2009, pp. 153–171.
3668:. Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., .
3599:
3590:
3587:Cernovodeanu, pp. 46–47, 220–223
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2951:Donat, p. 229; Mihăilescu, p. 43
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2351:Georgiță, p. 159; Neagoe, p. 201
1872:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1741:. Posthumous depictions include
1365:retinue of excessive luxury and
992:regime, closely allied with the
428:
427:, Nicolae describes himself as:
352:, joining the regional court of
244:
240:
206:
27:
3985:Romanian expatriates in Hungary
3895:17th-century monarchs in Europe
3890:16th-century monarchs in Europe
2942:Mârza, p. 81; Mihăilescu, p. 43
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1983:
1974:
1673:, daughter of Moldavian Prince
1584:Elias Wiedemann's engraving of
749:, opening a new theater in the
716:Nicolae followed his family to
3995:People of the Long Turkish War
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1454:
1387:and the Habsburg defeated the
994:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
956:
931:, while Miroslav of Râfov was
486:Feast of Saint Peter (June 29)
313:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
109:late 1627 (aged 47 or younger)
59:December 1599–September 1601 (
1:
3980:Romanian emigrants to Austria
3955:Romanian people taken hostage
3774:, Vol. XI, 2002, pp. 195–202.
3611:
3569:Cernovodeanu, pp. 46, 218–219
3103:, Vol. IX, 1978, pp. 136, 141
2969:Iorga (1902), pp. LXXIII–LXXV
1151:
460:. The latter, a scion of the
263:, and a putative grandson of
3818:, Vol. III, 1959, pp. 7–100.
3782:, Vol. XXV, 2013, pp. 47–66.
3202:Iorga (1902), pp. CXXXLX–CXL
2603:Rezachevici (2000), pp. 6, 8
2540:Gane, p. 159; Neagoe, p. 201
1879:Seal of Mihai Pătrașcu, 1651
1825:coat of arms of Transylvania
1699:'s grandson, and son of the
1688:By then, Ilinca had married
1389:Principality of Transylvania
763:Principality of Transylvania
555:
281:Principality of Transylvania
7:
3767:, Vol. II, 1969, pp. 41–50.
3726:, pp. I–CCCXIX. Bucharest:
2127:Rezachevici (1976), p. 1990
2109:Rezachevici (1976), p. 1990
1250:
323:and a large faction of the
10:
4021:
3930:Austrian untitled nobility
3799:, October 1998, pp. 53–58.
3620:Revue des Études Roumaines
2636:; Rezachevici (2000), p. 9
1980:Cernovodeanu, pp. 219, 221
1407:Oancea, receiving instead
1268:, in exchange for regular
1044:, placed under Archbishop
686:Michael, rising to become
513:Nicolaus Petrascus Waiwoda
3545:Buzduganul cu trei peceți
3543:Eva Sîrbu, "În premieră.
3050:Mihăilescu, pp. 44–45, 46
2708:Rezachevici (2000), p. 11
2672:Rezachevici (2000), p. 10
2585:Rezachevici (2000), p. 10
2432:Rezachevici (1998), p. 58
1953:Rezachevici (2000), p. 10
1747:Buzduganul cu trei peceți
1575:
1076:Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc
1042:Moldavian Orthodox Church
509:Nicolaus Petrasko Waiwoda
202:
192:
182:
172:
159:
145:
137:
125:
105:
97:
93:
77:
67:
55:
48:
26:
21:
3785:Constantin Rezachevici,
3521:, Vol. VII, 1977, p. 160
3472:Theodorescu, pp. 168–169
3097:Letopisețul Brancovicesc
2879:Iorga (1902), pp. VI–VII
2612:Rezachevici (2000), p. 8
2576:Rezachevici (2000), p. 8
2297:Simonescu, pp. 14–15, 19
2010:Donat, pp. 217, 220, 225
1887:
1739:National Military Museum
1720:Constantin I Cantacuzino
923:Andronikos Kantakouzenos
707:Andronikos Kantakouzenos
3915:Postelnici of Wallachia
3400:Donat, pp. 217, 229–230
3023:Iorga (1934), pp. 79–80
2531:Iorga (1934), pp. 76–78
2252:, Vol. 20, 1969, p. 159
2154:Stoicescu, pp. 170, 171
1899:Iorga (1934), pp. 76–77
1819:, and a variant of the
1756:
1753:is Michael the Brave).
1596:). The reigning Prince
1594:St. Stephen's Cathedral
1421:Franjo Ksaver Pejačević
1048:, Michael received the
515:. The registers of the
418:
3499:Stoicescu, pp. 206–207
3391:Gane, pp. 212–213, 239
2915:Gane, pp. 145–146, 211
2226:Stoicescu, pp. 203–204
2163:Gane, pp. 138, 140–141
1589:
1426:parallel war in Persia
1392:
1391:and its Ottoman allies
1216:
1133:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1119:, and assisted by the
981:
811:Transylvanian Princess
781:
574:
561:Origins and early life
468:, both of them with a
3854:, Vol. I. Bucharest:
3806:, May 2000, pp. 5–11.
3695:, May 1975, pp. 7–10.
3649:Editura enciclopedică
3534:, Issue 6/1978, p. 73
3436:Iorga (1902), p. CCIX
3166:Mihăilescu, pp. 46–47
2798:Mihăilescu, pp. 43–44
2217:Mihăilescu, pp. 41–42
1792:, and "hybrid" birds
1583:
1375:
1211:Michael's killing at
1210:
964:
776:
568:
507:, which style him as
340:Radu Șerban of Coiani
3905:Princes of Wallachia
3454:Slavici, pp. 388–390
3319:Slavici, pp. 385–386
3086:Iorga (1902), p. CIV
2423:Mârza, pp. 74, 76–77
2387:Rădulescu, pp. 55–56
2306:Simonescu, pp. 14–15
1944:Simonescu, pp. 14–15
1510:in exchange for his
1142:Transylvanian Saxons
1089:Stanisław Żółkiewski
979:Dragomirna Monastery
699:Alexander the Wicked
356:. He later moved to
350:Archduchy of Austria
311:. In late 1600, the
141:Ana (Ancuța) Radulea
112:Archduchy of Austria
33:Nicolae Pătrașcu as
3910:House of Drăculești
3702:, Vol. I. Craiova:
3578:Cernovodeanu, p. 46
3560:Cernovodeanu, p. 45
3077:Donat, pp. 220, 225
3059:Iorga (1934), p. 79
2906:Iorga (1934), p. 78
2486:Iorga (1934), p. 77
1971:Iorga (1934), p. 79
1926:Iorga (1934), p. 77
1908:Iorga (1934), p. 77
1729:, on behalf of the
1679:Tymofiy Khmelnytsky
1642:Mircești-Simileasca
1558:Palatine of Hungary
1546:the Count Esterházy
1536:Sebastian Tengnagel
1379:'s allegory of the
1301:Archduke of Austria
1266:St. Nicholas Church
1056:, who took over as
879:victory at Șelimbăr
638:Germanico Malaspina
433:By the Grace of God
360:, living mostly in
50:Prince of Wallachia
16:Prince of Wallachia
3848:Răzvan Theodorescu
3625:Dan Cernovodeanu,
3193:Göllner, pp. 80–81
2861:Gane, pp. 144, 210
1693:Istratie Leurdeanu
1663:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
1634:Filipeștii de Târg
1590:
1495:the Duke of Nevers
1441:Princess Elisabeta
1432:, who joined with
1393:
1367:resource depletion
1297:Ferdinand Habsburg
1217:
1192:his ambassador in
1127:Battle of Mirăslău
1121:Hungarian nobility
982:
895:Nicolaus Bassaraba
782:
711:Cantacuzino family
575:
523:Nicolaus Petrascus
458:Nicolaus Bassaraba
413:Istratie Leurdeanu
377:the Duke of Nevers
354:Ferdinand Habsburg
325:Hungarian nobility
305:Prince of Moldavia
39:. Fragment from a
3900:Michael the Brave
3856:Editura Meridiane
3758:Revista Bistriței
3749:Cartea Românească
3745:Monitorul Oficial
3680:Milice chrétienne
3373:Mihăilescu, p. 41
3292:Mihăilescu, p. 49
3265:Mihăilescu, p. 49
3256:Mihăilescu, p. 49
3247:Mihăilescu, p. 49
3238:Mihăilescu, p. 48
3220:Mihăilescu, p. 48
3175:Mihăilescu, p. 48
3157:Mihăilescu, p. 48
3068:Mihăilescu, p. 47
2834:Mihăilescu, p. 43
2762:Mârza, pp. 78, 80
2699:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2459:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2450:Gane, pp. 142–143
2441:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2414:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2396:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2378:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2288:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2270:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2261:Mihăilescu, p. 42
2181:Mihăilescu, p. 41
2073:Mihăilescu, p. 41
2019:Mihăilescu, p. 50
1935:Mihăilescu, p. 41
1813:Moldavian aurochs
1775:Pătrașcu the Good
1712:Constantin Șerban
1519:Battle of Humenné
1475:Thirty Years' War
1383:(1608), in which
1326:, to the west of
1270:memorial services
1262:Șcheii Brașovului
1058:Bishop of Rădăuți
1038:Andrzej Tarnowski
821:Sigismund Báthory
747:Holy Roman Empire
681:Radu of Drăgoești
618:boyar aristocracy
583:Pătrașcu the Good
571:Michael the Brave
535:Petraschi Vaivoda
478:Balthasar Walther
454:Nicolae Alexandru
392:Thirty Years' War
296:Habsburg monarchy
277:Holy Roman Empire
265:Pătrașcu the Good
257:Michael the Brave
255:, an only son of
237:Romanian Cyrillic
229:Nicolae Vo(i)evod
214:
213:
177:Michael the Brave
155:Ilinca Leurdeanca
72:Michael the Brave
4012:
3790:Revista Istorică
3606:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3005:Stoicescu, p. 31
3003:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2933:Mârza, pp. 80–81
2931:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2888:Rădulescu, p. 57
2886:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:Mârza, pp. 79–80
2733:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2622:Mircea Păcurariu
2619:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2360:Georgiță, p. 163
2358:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2342:Georgiță, p. 160
2340:
2334:
2333:Mârza, pp. 74–75
2331:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2199:Simonescu, p. 36
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1802:House of Basarab
1751:Victor Rebengiuc
1743:Constantin Vaeni
1731:Romanian Academy
1708:Diicul Buicescul
1671:Domnița Ruxandra
1614:Căluiu Monastery
1602:Comana Monastery
1381:battle of Brașov
1330:(in present-day
1328:Habsburg Hungary
1289:recurring plague
1054:Anastasie Crimca
998:Moldavian Prince
975:Anastasie Crimca
937:Șerban of Coiani
903:Pongrác Szennyey
848:Marie of Prussia
795:Nicolae Bălcescu
778:Marie of Prussia
751:Long Turkish War
628:Mehedinți County
595:Teodora (Tudora)
550:Petrașco Niculae
527:Nicolaas Petrash
430:
409:Comana Monastery
358:Habsburg Hungary
285:Long Turkish War
246:
242:
217:Nicolae Pătrașcu
210:
131:Comana Monastery
120:Habsburg Hungary
41:Căluiu Monastery
31:
22:Nicolae Pătrașcu
19:
18:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3975:Romanian exiles
3870:
3869:
3868:
3804:Magazin Istoric
3797:Magazin Istoric
3780:Muzeul Național
3692:Magazin Istoric
3662:Constantin Gane
3614:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:Slavici, p. 386
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:Grigoraș, p. 10
3354:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:Slavici, p. 386
3327:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:Slavici, p. 386
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1868:
1865:
1856:
1853:
1844:
1841:
1763:Wallachian bird
1759:
1727:Alexandru Roman
1704:Stroe Leurdeanu
1697:Fiera Leurdeanu
1683:Michael Vaivoda
1610:Golia Monastery
1586:Michael Vaivoda
1578:
1500:Gaspar Graziani
1457:
1430:Gabriel Bethlen
1377:Hans von Aachen
1360:. In 1606, the
1336:Kynsburg Castle
1285:Gabriel Báthory
1257:Cozia Monastery
1253:
1154:
1146:Făgăraș Citadel
1138:battle of Bucov
1046:Dionysus Rallis
1029:Wallachian army
959:
949:was the acting
814:Maria Christina
771:
769:Becoming Prince
726:Fiera Leurdeanu
672:Constantin Gane
610:tributary state
603:Greek ethnicity
599:Orașul de Floci
563:
558:
541:, or merely as
539:Pătrașco Voevod
425:Church Slavonic
421:
396:Gabriel Bethlen
385:Gaspar Graziani
333:Făgăraș Citadel
233:Church Slavonic
154:
152:
151:Gavril Pătrașcu
133:
110:
85:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3867:
3866:
3845:
3833:N. Stoicescu,
3831:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3783:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3738:
3722:"Prefață", in
3714:
3696:
3687:
3676:
3673:Revista Crisia
3669:
3659:
3641:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3536:
3523:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3283:Cazacu, p. 179
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3211:Göllner, p. 82
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2771:Neagoe, p. 202
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2663:Grigoraș, p. 9
2656:
2647:
2645:Grigoraș, p. 9
2638:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2504:Cazacu, p. 178
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1962:Grigoraș, p. 9
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1821:nova plantatio
1758:
1755:
1745:'s 1977 film,
1735:György Majláth
1659:Cossack rebels
1577:
1574:
1541:Hof-Bibliothek
1508:Sigismund Vasa
1491:Ottoman Greece
1456:
1453:
1449:Gabriel Movilă
1434:Iskender Pasha
1354:Hungarian Diet
1252:
1249:
1153:
1150:
1050:oath of office
1022:Sigismund Vasa
1001:Ieremia Movilă
958:
955:
915:dynastic union
885:ceremonies at
875:Andrew Báthory
863:Jesuit Academy
844:Emperor Rudolf
770:
767:
614:Ottoman Empire
579:Mihai Viteazul
562:
559:
557:
554:
518:Hof-Bibliothek
474:Saint Nicholas
466:Neagoe Basarab
420:
417:
289:Christian side
273:Ottoman Empire
245:Николає Воєвод
227:, also styled
212:
211:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
163:
157:
156:
153:Mihai Pătrașcu
149:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
129:
127:
123:
122:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4017:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
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3956:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
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3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3812:Dan Simonescu
3810:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3743:. Bucharest:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:Nicolae Iorga
3715:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:973-454-170-6
3654:
3650:
3647:. Bucharest:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3629:. Bucharest:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3550:
3546:
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3397:
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3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
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3271:
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3253:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2635:
2634:973-9130-18-6
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:and widow of
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1654:Ferdinand III
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Matei Basarab
1595:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:George Druget
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1362:Aulic Council
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:Lower Silesia
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1245:
1242:position. An
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:Câmpia Turzii
1214:
1213:Câmpia Turzii
1209:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1117:Giorgio Basta
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:Udrea Băleanu
1097:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:Simion Movilă
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
919:Boyar Council
916:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
856:Ciro Spontone
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:Hohenzollerns
837:
833:
832:István Jósika
829:
826:
822:
817:
815:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Dan Simonescu
796:
792:
787:
786:at Călugăreni
779:
775:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:
684:
682:
679:
678:
673:
669:
668:
663:
662:
657:
652:
651:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
624:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
601:, she was of
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
567:
553:
551:
547:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Nicolae Iorga
447:
443:
439:
438:
434:
426:
416:
414:
410:
405:
404:Matei Basarab
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Giorgio Basta
318:
317:Simion Movilă
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
162:
158:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
82:Simion Movilă
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
63:October 1600)
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
38:
37:
30:
25:
20:
3880:1580s births
3851:
3834:
3825:
3822:Ioan Slavici
3815:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3740:
3723:
3699:
3698:I. Ionașcu,
3690:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3644:
3626:
3619:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3481:Gane, p. 240
3477:
3468:
3463:Gane, p. 301
3459:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3409:Mârza, p. 74
3405:
3396:
3387:
3382:Gane, p. 212
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3301:Gane, p. 212
3297:
3288:
3279:
3274:Gane, p. 212
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3229:Gane, p. 211
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3014:Mârza, p. 82
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2978:Gane, p. 211
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2897:Mârza, p. 82
2893:
2884:
2875:
2870:Gane, p. 144
2866:
2857:
2852:Mârza, p. 81
2848:
2843:Mârza, p. 81
2839:
2830:
2825:Mârza, p. 76
2821:
2816:Mârza, p. 76
2812:
2807:Mârza, p. 77
2803:
2794:
2789:Mârza, p. 80
2785:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2744:Mârza, p. 79
2740:
2731:
2726:Mârza, p. 78
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2625:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2558:Mârza, p. 76
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2495:Mârza, p. 77
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2405:Mârza, p. 75
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2324:Mârza, p. 75
2320:
2315:Mârza, p. 74
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2279:Mârza, p. 74
2275:
2266:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2118:Mârza, p. 73
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2082:Mârza, p. 73
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1820:
1816:
1815:, two lions
1810:
1798:cross potent
1793:
1788:
1779:roll of arms
1767:golden eagle
1760:
1746:
1724:
1700:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1665:'s court in
1650:
1630:
1591:
1585:
1550:
1539:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1472:
1466:Hofkriegsrat
1464:
1458:
1438:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1343:
1321:
1312:
1280:
1278:
1254:
1243:
1240:
1224:
1218:
1198:
1181:
1174:
1171:Gilău (Gela)
1162:
1155:
1131:
1124:
1113:
1106:
1105:Negrea, and
1102:
1093:
1074:
1072:
1061:
1033:Trotuș River
1026:
1008:
983:
977:and kept at
950:
947:Radu Buzescu
940:
932:
926:
911:
907:Velica Genga
891:
860:
852:Marcu Cercel
818:
803:Hermannstadt
783:
755:Ottoman Army
740:
735:
729:
715:
689:
685:
675:
665:
659:
655:
648:
646:
631:
621:
607:
591:Petru Cercel
578:
576:
549:
542:
538:
534:
526:
522:
516:
512:
508:
500:
496:
492:
490:
435:
422:
389:
366:
343:
337:
309:Marcu Cercel
293:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
60:
34:
3885:1627 deaths
3643:Ion Donat,
1675:Vasile Lupu
1626:Napoleon II
1455:Final years
1417:Radu Mihnea
1385:Radu Șerban
1317:pawnbrokers
1281:Radu Șerban
1202:at Guruslău
1085:Polish army
957:In Moldavia
867:Clausenburg
743:Holy League
736:Hazar Pasha
642:Lady Stanca
585:, from the
390:During the
261:Lady Stanca
187:Lady Stanca
87:Radu Șerban
68:Predecessor
3874:Categories
3612:References
1806:Craiovești
1716:Mihnea III
1646:manumitted
1513:Lisowczycy
1489:revolt in
1483:Eisenstadt
1481:, then to
1413:Burzenland
1313:Mundschenk
1309:Cup-bearer
1293:Goldgulden
1274:Micșunești
1152:As hostage
1103:Spatharios
1031:along the
887:Alba Iulia
828:Mehmed III
791:Târgoviște
661:Spatharios
630:, then as
587:Drăculești
569:Legend of
501:Petru Vodă
462:Craiovești
440:Niecolaie
373:Burzenland
166:Drăculești
3864:159900650
3858:, 1987.
3843:822954574
3736:895358710
3730:, 1902.
3712:935559527
3706:, 1934.
3651:, 1996.
3639:469825245
3633:, 1977.
1817:affrontés
1794:displayed
1789:affrontés
1783:supported
1777:. A 1616
1701:Logothete
1695:. He was
1690:Postelnic
1570:Esterházy
1566:Héderváry
1445:Alexandru
1405:Logothete
1397:Postelnic
1358:Pressburg
1345:Geheimrat
990:Movilești
951:Postelnic
933:Logothete
871:Neo-Latin
836:Habsburgs
759:Gherghița
718:Bucharest
677:Logothete
650:Postelnic
556:Biography
505:Neo-Latin
470:synophone
381:Movilești
368:Postelnic
253:Wallachia
203:Signature
116:Pressburg
78:Successor
1667:Chyhyryn
1461:Matthias
1401:Ciulnița
1332:Slovakia
1251:In exile
1159:Lécfalva
1063:pârcălab
1010:Szlachta
986:Moldavia
942:Paharnic
807:Istanbul
745:and the
482:name day
446:Hospodar
345:Paharnic
301:Moldavia
279:and the
269:boyardom
225:Petrașcu
221:Petrașco
197:Orthodox
193:Religion
101:ca. 1580
61:de facto
3751:, 1934.
2246:România
1493:, with
1235:Partium
1189:Mantuan
1176:demesne
1163:Vistier
1068:Suceava
928:Vistier
703:Gypsies
695:Oltenia
656:Stolnic
633:Stolnic
612:of the
493:Neculai
484:on the
442:Voivode
287:on the
241:Нєколає
161:Dynasty
3862:
3841:
3747:&
3734:
3710:
3704:Ramuri
3682:", in
3655:
3637:
3549:Cinema
3547:", in
3099:", in
2632:
1787:lions
1576:Legacy
1568:, and
1562:Bánffy
1487:Maniot
1479:Modern
1350:thaler
1324:Tyrnau
1299:, the
1244:avviso
1231:Huszth
1226:avviso
1194:Prague
1185:Vienna
1167:Corona
1111:Sava.
1095:Hetman
1015:Kraków
883:fealty
825:Sultan
753:. The
731:Clucer
688:Great
667:Vornic
546:Necula
531:Tuscan
497:Nicola
383:, and
379:, the
362:Tyrnau
249:Prince
183:Mother
173:Father
138:Spouse
126:Burial
89:(1601)
84:(1600)
43:fresco
36:ktitor
3827:Vatra
1888:Notes
1771:raven
1638:Bârca
1618:Oboga
1616:, in
1606:Islam
1517:(see
1409:Glina
1403:with
1338:, in
1108:Armaș
971:David
544:Jupan
529:. In
329:Gilău
223:, or
147:Issue
56:Reign
3860:OCLC
3839:OCLC
3732:OCLC
3708:OCLC
3653:ISBN
3635:OCLC
2630:ISBN
1769:and
1757:Arms
1640:and
1622:naos
1554:Raab
1528:gout
1305:Graz
1125:see
1081:Iași
1019:King
969:and
967:Saul
899:Bran
838:and
722:deer
444:and
419:Name
400:gout
259:and
235:and
106:Died
98:Born
1785:by
1356:of
1087:of
1066:of
865:in
693:of
690:Ban
626:in
623:Ban
525:or
511:or
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1130:,
1101:,
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