802:
government facilitated the abandonment of Happy Valley in cooperation with the
Regional Municipality of Sudbury and FNM. The controversial decision made headlines; it was the first instance in which the provincial government financed the relocation of an entire community because of air pollution. Most Happy Valley residents had accepted compensation for their homes and moved away by the mid-1970s, although at least one resident refused to sell his property and remained in the area until the late-1980s. Today, the ghost town is off limits to the general public and protected by a large barbed-wire fence.
416:
760:
entrepreneurs, established a community along the river bank that was eventually known as
Wahnapitae. In its heyday, Wahnapitae was a large, booming community that boasted a number of banks, general stores, clothing stores, hotels, and various other enterprises. It also possessed its own separate school (St. Peter) and public school (Wahnapitae Public School) and even had a water tower and a train station (it was located along the East West main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway).
40:
516:
592:
337:, which constructed a new direct line linking Sudbury and Toronto via Romford Junction. The population had risen to 20 families during this period and settlers requested the establishment of a local post office, which had to be named; the name Neelon was originally considered, but Dennis O'Brien, a local settler who became the first
853:
755:
The community of
Wahnapitae is located east of Sudbury along Highway 17. It was the first settlement to be established in Nickel Centre and was supposed to be the main community within the Sudbury district because it was located along a major waterway. Originally, it was thought that Sudbury would be
371:
Order A4741 on
January 1, 1934, and remained such until the establishment of regional government. Prior to its annexation into Nickel Centre, the town's mayors were Edgar Taylor Austin (1934–46), Roy Snitch (1947–52), Walter Kilimnik (1953–57), William Evershed (1958-59), Maurice Beauchemin (1960–62)
781:
of Happy Valley, originally known as Spruce Valley, was first inhabited in 1906 by workers from the nearby mine at Garson. Not wanting to live in a state of dependency in the company town, they built this smaller town of humble shacks with narrow streets. In 1930, the Garson Mine shut down, and the
763:
As the number of viable trees for harvesting dwindled and mining began to take hold, the community of
Wahnapitae lost its momentum. Suddenly, people were choosing mining towns over Wahnapitae and eventually the town became a shadow of its former glory. Wahnapitae remained an unorganized township
793:
at
Falconbridge created severe pollution problems in Happy Valley, as heavy sulphur emissions from the smelter would become trapped in the valley. For years, workers suspected that they were being poisoned by pollution, and these fears were confirmed in the 1960s and 1970s as society grew more
801:
By the early 1970s, the roughly one hundred people who lived in Happy Valley were still suffering daily from air pollution produced by the nearby operations of
Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited (FNM). After years of pressure to do something about this situation, in the early 1970s the Ontario
759:
In the early days of the town, logging was the major industry of the area. Many lumber companies established their operations along the
Wanapitei River and the river itself was used to send the harvested logs to Southern Ontario for processing. Workers and their families, as well as various
360:. Coniston was chosen due to its more favourable rail connections and terrain. As part of the relocation, Mond purchased five family farms totalling 3,700 acres (1,500 ha), which "brought an end to the agricultural orientation of the community." Coniston was re-established as a Mond
698:. The community was known as Bowlands Bay and the bay as Bowland Bay until 1975 when the present spellings were adopted. However, the old spelling continues on the local street Bowlands Bay Road. Boland's Bay (spelled Bowlands Bay in older timetables) was a
764:
until the amalgamation of the
Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973 and in 2001, it became part of the City of Greater Sudbury. The town that began as a logging and farming settlement is today mostly a residential community.
885:
325:. The first settlers in the Coniston area were the Butler family, who arrived in 1902. They were joined by five other families by 1904, who created their own farms. Common crops included hay, rye, and oats. The
653:
756:
just a small settlement in the area, but with the discovery of ore and a shift from logging to mining, Sudbury became the focal point of the district and
Wahnapitae was relegated to a smaller role.
364:, with many existing company houses being relocated from Victoria Mines, along with the provision of a modern planned town with a street grid, sidewalks, and a water distribution system.
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until the Longyear Drilling Company bought it in 1911. Longyear subsequently merged with other small mining companies in the area to form the basis of what would ultimately become
308:, the boundaries of the Sudbury population centre were revised to retain Garson but exclude Falconbridge, while a new population centre was added for Coniston (population 1,814).
403:
and Randy Boyd as well as many other great hockey players. Coniston also includes the smaller neighbourhood of Austin, which may also be known as Old Coniston. This area borders
341:, decided on the name Coniston after it was suggested to him by T. Johnson, a railway construction superintendent who had been reading a novel set in the village of
814:, the city's main airport, is located in Nickel Centre approximately halfway between Falconbridge and Skead, although its official mailing address is in Garson.
546:
logging railway from Wahnapitae, establishing its main operations at Headquarters Lake, near the Garson townsite. Logs from this area were taken to the
376:(1963-72). Solski, the final mayor of Coniston as an independent town, won election to the mayoralty of the amalgamated town of Nickel Centre in 1972.
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and is home to a baseball field. The baseball field was abandoned and decommissioned prior to 2000 when Coniston became part of Greater Sudbury.
798:. For several years, the community reached a deal with Falconbridge that the smelter would not operate on days when a north wind was blowing.
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304:) of Sudbury, while the census tracts corresponding to the former boundaries of Nickel Centre had a population of 13,232. In the
39:
900:
1213:
752:. The correct spelling of the community's name should not be confused with the correct spelling for the water bodies.
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461:
Falconbridge Ltd. built the Edison Building in 1969 to serve as its head office. Falconbridge Ltd. was taken over by
442:
was unsuccessful in establishing a mining operation, and abandoned his original claim in 1903. The claim reverted to
607:
community, when the Spanish River Lumber Company relocated there from its original mill site, near the mouth of the
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The community is named after the geographic township of Garson, named by the Ontario Government in the 1880s for
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277:. On January 1, 2001, the town and the Regional Municipality were dissolved and amalgamated into the city of
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in 2006. In 2007, Xstrata donated the Edison Building to the city to serve as the new home of the municipal
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Skead is located approximately 25 kilometres northeast of downtown Sudbury, and situated on south shore of
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333:) arrived in 1905, with Coniston lying along its transcontinental line. It was joined in 1908 by the
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The area was first developed in 1888 as a logging camp, by the Holland and Emery Lumber Company of
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811:
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152:
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1457:
1200:
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54:
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incident occurred in the community on November 11, 1975, later reported in a press release by
427:, a justice of the High Court of Ontario. The original settlement in the township was a small
352:
arrived in Coniston in 1913, relocating its smelter operations from the earlier settlement of
1602:
1542:
1427:
1214:""Who Killed Happy Valley?": Air Pollution and the Birth of an Ontario Ghost Town, 1969-1974"
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and sighted in binoculars, and estimated to be a 100-ft. diameter sphere with craters. Seven
229:
1507:
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893:
Industrial Communities of the Sudbury Basin: Copper Cliff, Victoria Mines, Mond and Coniston
1597:
818:
741:
721:, but rail service declined in the mid-20th century and was eliminated altogether in 1996.
638:, but rail service declined in the mid-20th century and was eliminated altogether in 1996.
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police officers also witnessed the UFO. Some explanations given for the sightings included
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purchased the company for $ 2,500,000 and finally sunk the Falconbridge deposit's first
1243:
711:
628:
305:
293:
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1235:
971:
896:
857:
830:
447:
415:
342:
450:, although actual mining operations in the community did not begin until 1928, when
367:
Coniston was subsequently incorporated under the provisions of the Municipal Act by
194:
Population computed by combining Census Tracts 5800100.00, 5800101.00 and 5800102.00
166:
1225:
707:
624:
559:
492:
322:
296:, the Garson-Falconbridge corridor within Nickel Centre was counted as part of the
419:
The Edison building, built by Falconbridge Ltd. in 1969, here photographed in 1985
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Skead's address and telephone service also includes the smaller neighbourhood of
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611:. It was named by the firm's general manager W. J. Bell, in honour of his late
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Coniston was a part of the geographic Neelon Township, which was named after
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148:
1287:
603:. Home to over 600 year round residents, Skead was settled about 1921 as a
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Falconbridge was incorporated as a town in 1957. The town's first and only
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895:. Vol. 2. Sudbury and District Historical Society. pp. 45–56.
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480:, John Franklin, served until the creation of Nickel Centre in 1973.
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Canada 2011 Census Community Profiles: Population Centre of Sudbury
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The geographic township of Falconbridge was named in the 1880s for
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route and thence on a new alignment past Coniston and Wahnapitae.
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748:, which means "concave-tooth water" and describes the shape of
690:), a dispersed rural community and unincorporated place, on the
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The role of Thomas Edison in the establishment of Falconbridge
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918:"Canadian Pacific Railway Bruce Division, MacTier Subdivision"
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area is slated to be expanded through Nickel Centre toward
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Notable residents of Coniston have included hockey players
78:
484:
583:. The defunct Kirkwood Mine was also located in Garson.
821:, passes through Coniston and Wahnapitae. Highway 17's
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workers were transferred to the mines at Falconbridge.
729:"Wahnapitae" redirects here. Not to be confused with
595:
Aerial view of Skead (top) with Boland's Bay at right
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near what is now Falconbridge's Centennial Park. The
1035:
281:. The town is now divided between Wards 7 and 9 on
356:(located west of Sudbury), which swiftly became a
434:A significant ore body was discovered in 1902 by
1620:
968:The Canadian UFO Report: The Best Cases Revealed
558:. Eventually this track was extended north into
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266:(1996 census population 13,017) was a town in
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980:
970:, Chris Rutkowski and Geoff Dittman, 2006,
270:, Canada, which existed from 1973 to 2000.
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542:. In that year this firm constructed a
491:. The object was tracked on radar from
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1201:Ontario Abandoned Places: Happy Valley
880:
736:The community takes its name from the
1291:
863:
1634:Populated places established in 1973
285:, and is represented by councillors
915:
579:was first developed in 1911 by the
13:
817:Highway 17, the main route of the
569:was built through Garson in 1908.
14:
1655:
1629:Neighbourhoods in Greater Sudbury
1502:
1258:
805:
345:in the Lake District of England.
44:Location of Nickel Centre within
1283:Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
1274:Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
948:Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
275:Regional Municipality of Sudbury
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533:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
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1165:Canadian Transportation Agency
1017:Canadian Transportation Agency
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835:Southwest and Southeast Bypass
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273:It was created as part of the
1:
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724:
425:William Glenholm Falconbridge
1140:Geographical Names Data Base
1110:Geographical Names Data Base
1079:Geographical Names Data Base
1048:Geographical Names Data Base
283:Greater Sudbury City Council
136:Greater Sudbury City Council
121: • City Councillor
18:Community in Ontario, Canada
7:
316:
132: • Governing Body
10:
1660:
1190:Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary
728:
619:. Skead was a stop on the
440:Edison Ore-Milling Company
1413:
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796:environmentally-conscious
716:Canadian National Railway
714:, which later became the
704:Canadian Northern Railway
633:Canadian National Railway
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1115:Natural Resources Canada
1084:Natural Resources Canada
1053:Natural Resources Canada
586:
575:, which is now owned by
335:Canadian Pacific Railway
1639:Former towns in Ontario
991:"Alderdale Subdivision"
812:Greater Sudbury Airport
731:Wahnapitae First Nation
369:Ontario Municipal Board
1212:Miller, Scott (2020).
787:temperature inversions
596:
520:
420:
329:(a predecessor of the
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833:, along the existing
719:Alderdale Subdivision
670:46.65306°N 80.76639°W
636:Alderdale Subdivision
594:
518:
418:
217: • Summer (
1170:Order No. 1996-R-152
1022:Order No. 1996-R-152
819:Trans-Canada Highway
540:East Tawas, Michigan
519:Birch Street, Garson
458:the following year.
675:46.65306; -80.76639
665: /
615:, Canadian Senator
581:Mond Nickel Company
535:from 1886 to 1890.
483:A visual and radar
350:Mond Nickel Company
1265:The Coniston Story
597:
527:, who represented
521:
421:
306:Canada 2016 Census
294:Canada 2011 Census
289:and Deb McIntosh.
183: • Total
1616:
1615:
1231:10.7202/1072235ar
1167:(18 April 1996),
1019:(18 April 1996),
858:Statistics Canada
503:, clouds, and/or
448:Falconbridge Ltd.
298:population centre
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111:December 31, 2000
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1224:(2): 157–177.
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1478:Falconbridge
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1453:Copper Cliff
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1174:, retrieved
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544:narrow gauge
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411:Falconbridge
397:Leo Lafrance
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100:Incorporated
15:
1603:Worthington
1578:Val-Thérèse
1538:New Sudbury
1528:Minnow Lake
1428:Beaver Lake
1416:communities
1364:Valley East
1063:(community)
927:21 November
673: /
617:James Skead
573:Garson Mine
429:lumber camp
381:Neal Martin
374:Mike Solski
312:Communities
287:Mike Jakubo
238:Postal Code
125:Mike Jakubo
1623:Categories
1588:Wahnapitae
1508:High Falls
1483:Flour Mill
1443:Chelmsford
1387:Wahnapitae
1150:2017-12-02
1120:2017-12-02
1089:2017-12-02
1058:2017-12-02
954:2007-12-30
886:"Coniston"
841:References
779:ghost town
768:Ghost town
725:Wahnapitae
706:line from
679: (
660:80°45′59″W
657:46°39′11″N
623:line from
556:Lake Huron
456:mine shaft
444:Crown land
405:Highway 17
401:Andy Barbe
385:Noel Price
358:ghost town
339:postmaster
302:urban area
178:Population
149:Marc Serré
116:Government
1598:Whitefish
1573:Val-Caron
1568:South End
1553:St. Cloud
1543:O'Donnell
1433:Bell Park
1248:226610029
1240:0030-2953
712:North Bay
700:milepoint
692:eponymous
629:North Bay
577:Vale Inco
389:Toe Blake
251:Area code
200:Time zone
108:Dissolved
32:Community
1593:West End
1558:Sellwood
1533:Naughton
1488:Gatchell
1448:Coniston
884:(1986).
831:Markstay
471:archives
343:Coniston
317:Coniston
244:P0M, P3L
67:Province
1548:Onaping
1468:Dowling
1344:Capreol
1338:Sudbury
1323:Ontario
1176:25 July
1028:25 July
1001:20 July
823:freeway
791:smelter
708:Capreol
702:on the
625:Capreol
605:sawmill
531:in the
529:Lincoln
467:Xstrata
393:Jim Fox
292:In the
268:Ontario
169: (
153:Liberal
151: (
72:Ontario
55:Country
1523:Milnet
1518:Lively
1513:Levack
1498:Hanmer
1493:Garson
1423:Azilda
1369:Walden
1246:
1238:
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827:Walden
789:, the
742:Ojibwe
552:driven
511:Garson
191:
186:13,232
60:Canada
1608:Wanup
1563:Skead
1244:S2CID
1094:(bay)
889:(PDF)
744:word
587:Skead
501:Venus
489:NORAD
478:reeve
463:Swiss
226:UTC-4
205:UTC-5
91:Wards
1236:ISSN
1178:2020
1030:2020
1003:2020
972:ISBN
929:2021
897:ISBN
810:The
777:The
565:The
550:and
372:and
348:The
300:(or
162:MPPs
95:7, 9
79:City
1281:at
1272:at
1226:doi
1222:112
710:to
627:to
554:to
497:OPP
485:UFO
256:705
240:FSA
230:EDT
219:DST
209:EST
171:NDP
144:MPs
1625::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
