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playing poker. They played for very small sums, but: "Metropolis once described what a triumph it was to win ten dollars from John von
Neumann, author of a famous treatise on game theory. He then bought his book for five dollars and pasted the other five inside the cover as a symbol of his victory."
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thought this acronym too frivolous; Metropolis claims to have chosen the name "MANIAC" in the hope of stopping the rash of such acronyms for machine names, but may have instead further stimulated such use.) From 1957 to 1965 he was a full professor of physics at the
University of Chicago and was the
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In applications of the Monte Carlo method to problems in statistical mechanics prior to the introduction of the
Metropolis algorithm, a large number of random configurations of the system would be generated, the properties of interest (such as energy or density) would be computed for each
382:. This is a class of computational approaches that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results, named in reference to Ulam's relative's love for the casinos of Monte Carlo. Metropolis was deeply involved in the very first use of the Monte Carlo method, rewiring the
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He arrived in Los Alamos in April 1943, as a member of the original staff of fifty scientists. He came back to Los Alamos in 1948 to lead the group in the
Theoretical Division that designed and built the
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295:, he returned to the faculty of the University of Chicago as an assistant professor. He came back to Los Alamos in 1948 to lead the group in the theoretical division that designed and built the
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1165:; von Neumann's first hands-on experience with punched card equipment; his contributions to shock-fitting and the implosion problem; interactions between and comparisons of von Neumann and
1157:'s work in computing. Most of the interview concerns activity at Los Alamos: how von Neumann came to consult at the laboratory; his scientific contacts there, including Metropolis,
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Metropolis had a son, Christopher, and two daughters, Penelope and
Katharine. He was an avid skier and tennis player until his mid-seventies. He died at a nursing home in
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N. Metropolis; A.W. Rosenbluth; M.N. Rosenbluth; A.H. Teller & E. Teller (1953). "Equation of State
Calculations by Fast Computing Machines".
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Nicolas
Metropolis was born on June 11, 1915, in Chicago, US. Metropolis received his BSc (1936) and PhD in chemical physics (1941) at the
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against the MANIAC, a simplified version of the game without bishops. The computer still needed about 20 minutes between moves.
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The
Nicholas Metropolis Award for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Work in Computational Physics is awarded annually by the
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279:'s supervision, who encouraged him to move into theoretical physics. At Los Alamos Metropolis worked together with
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In recent years a controversy has arisen as to whether
Metropolis actually made significant contributions to the
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In another passage of his book, Ulam describes
Metropolis as "a Greek-American with a wonderful personality."
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MANIAC project leader Nicholas Metropolis (standing) and the MANIAC’s chief engineer Jim Richardson in 1953.
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computer to perform simulations of a nuclear core in 1948. In 1953 Metropolis co-authored a paper entitled
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At Los Alamos in the late 1940s and early 1950s a group of researchers led by Metropolis, including
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275:'s group. Later he joined University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory and worked under
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Nicholas Metropolis Award for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Work in Computational Physics
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and von Neumann; work on numerical methods for non-linear problems; and the
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Instead of choosing configurations randomly, then weighting them with exp(−
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Computing and Computers -- Weapons Simulation Leads to the Computer Era
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S. M. Ulam, Adventures of a mathematician, California University press
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903:"Los Alamos Bets on ENIAC: Nuclear Monte Carlo Simulations, 1947-1948"
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and introduced a new Monte Carlo computational method for doing so.
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392:. This landmark paper showed the first numerical simulations of a
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Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with
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1993 Audio Interview with Nicholas Metropolis by Richard Rhodes
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200:; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American
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computer in 1952 that was modeled on the IAS machine, and the
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remembers that a small group, including himself, Metropolis,
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recruited him from Chicago, where he was collaborating with
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on "electromechanical devices used for hand computations".
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The History of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
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Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines
404:
computed where the weight of each configuration was its
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Haigh, Thomas; Priestley, Mark; Rope, Crispin (2014).
521:. The key contribution of the paper was the idea that
533:), we choose configurations with a probability exp(−
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743:Ελληνική σφραγίδα στο πρώτο μηχανοργανωμένο πείραμα
1139:Oral history interview with Nicholas C. Metropolis
1079:Los Alamos National Laboratory Daily News Bulletin
997:"Marshall Rosenbluth and the Metropolis algorithm"
901:
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1173:. Other topics include: the relationship between
808:; Louck, J. D.; Strottman, D. S. (October 2000).
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600:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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584:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
551:The algorithm for generating samples from the
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786:Metropolis, Nicholas Constantine (1915–1999)
810:"Obituary: Nicholas Constantine Metropolis"
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299:computer in 1952 that was modeled on the
1297:Fellows of the American Physical Society
1262:Los Alamos National Laboratory personnel
356:Paul Stein and Nicholas Metropolis play
1184:Francis Harlow and Nicolas Metropolis.
908:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
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879:The Beginning of the Monte Carlo Method
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1197:Metropolis, Monte Carlo and the MANIAC
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227:on the first nuclear reactors, to the
580:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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1227:20th-century American mathematicians
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788:Eric Weisstein's World of Biography
594:. Metropolis was also awarded the
559:and has become widely known as the
267:recruited him from Chicago for the
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25:
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1252:20th-century Greek mathematicians
1181:calculations done for Los Alamos.
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1292:American people of Greek descent
1237:20th-century American physicists
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255:. During his PhD he worked with
1135:Voices of the Manhattan Project
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740:ΒΑΡΒΟΓΛΗΣ, Χ (March 16, 2008).
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578:Metropolis was a member of the
568:Equation of State Calculations
314:Institute for Computer Research
263:. Shortly afterwards, in 1943,
188:Nicholas Constantine Metropolis
53:Nicholas Constantine Metropolis
1151:Los Alamos National Laboratory
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995:Gubernatis, J. E. (May 2005).
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696:to have an Erdős number of 3.
330:Los Alamos National Laboratory
229:Los Alamos National Laboratory
176:Los Alamos National Laboratory
13:
1:
1282:University of Chicago faculty
1257:20th-century Greek physicists
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588:American Mathematical Society
561:Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
129:Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
1277:University of Chicago alumni
1232:American computer scientists
675:, spent several evenings at
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7:
946:Journal of Chemical Physics
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10:
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1272:Monte Carlo methodologists
1068:Nick Metropolis dead at 84
602:, and was a fellow of the
400:configuration, and then a
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1287:Santa Fe Institute people
1247:Greek computer scientists
1169:; and the development of
1147:Charles Babbage Institute
1101:"My Erdős Number is Five"
611:American Physical Society
604:American Physical Society
555:was later generalized by
541:) and weight them evenly.
442:{\displaystyle e^{-E/kT}}
312:founding director of its
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1267:Manhattan Project people
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592:University of California
247:Early life and education
574:Associations and honors
1171:Monte Carlo techniques
767:Cite journal requires
641:Los Alamos, New Mexico
553:Boltzmann distribution
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215:. Shortly afterwards,
142:Computer Pioneer Award
27:American mathematician
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328:Metropolis's wartime
271:, where he worked in
253:University of Chicago
213:University of Chicago
106:University of Chicago
920:10.1109/MAHC.2014.40
692:of 2 and he enabled
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477:
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197:Νικόλαος Μητρόπουλος
1302:People from Chicago
1053:Nicholas Metropolis
1013:2005PhPl...12e7303G
958:1953JChPh..21.1087M
887:, No. 15, Page 125.
877:Nicolas Metropolis.
826:2000PhT....53j.100B
721:Von Neumann paradox
546:Metropolis et al.,
124:Simulated annealing
34:Nicholas Metropolis
1201:Los Alamos Science
1195:Herbert Anderson.
1190:Los Alamos Science
1073:2008-11-07 at the
1001:Physics of Plasmas
884:Los Alamos Science
867:. 30 October 2017.
688:Metropolis has an
628:Husbands and Wives
519:Boltzmann constant
507:
483:
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380:Monte Carlo method
366:Monte Carlo method
287:After World War II
265:Robert Oppenheimer
217:Robert Oppenheimer
119:Monte Carlo method
1021:10.1063/1.1887186
966:10.1063/1.1699114
835:10.1063/1.1325208
716:Colossus computer
510:{\displaystyle k}
486:{\displaystyle T}
462:{\displaystyle E}
269:Manhattan Project
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152:Scientific career
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16:(Redirected from
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358:Los Alamos chess
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1081:. Oct 19, 1999.
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850:Ghostarchive
848:Archived at
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760:cite journal
748:. Retrieved
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690:Erdős number
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684:Erdős number
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293:World War II
290:
261:James Franck
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233:
221:Enrico Fermi
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187:
186:
172:Institutions
151:
84:(1999-10-17)
1222:1999 deaths
1217:1915 births
1175:Alan Turing
750:December 6,
706:Stochastics
673:von Neumann
623:Woody Allen
495:temperature
301:IAS machine
1211:Categories
727:References
677:Los Alamos
661:Konopinski
307:in 1957. (
303:, and the
94:New Mexico
90:Los Alamos
59:1915-06-11
1029:1070-664X
647:Anecdotes
421:−
305:MANIAC II
243:in 1957.
241:MANIAC II
211:) at the
202:physicist
162:Physicist
1071:Archived
928:17470931
859:"MANIAC"
852:and the
700:See also
631:(1992).
586:and the
544:—
449:, where
297:MANIAC I
237:MANIAC I
71:Illinois
1009:Bibcode
982:1046577
974:4390578
954:Bibcode
864:YouTube
822:Bibcode
598:by the
570:paper.
517:is the
493:is the
469:is the
67:Chicago
1161:, and
1027:
980:
972:
926:
669:Teller
657:Calkin
582:, the
497:, and
471:energy
394:liquid
291:After
158:Fields
145:(1984)
138:Awards
1179:ENIAC
978:S2CID
924:S2CID
711:ENIAC
625:film
384:ENIAC
192:Greek
1057:IMDb
1025:ISSN
970:OSTI
773:help
752:2012
671:and
374:and
223:and
79:Died
49:Born
1145:at
1055:at
1017:doi
962:doi
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830:doi
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