36:
117:
157:
in advance of a press release to "prepare" the press or the public for the official announcement. This may also be intended to allow journalists more time to prepare more extensive coverage, which can then be published immediately after the official release. This technique is designed to maximize the
149:
On the other hand, leaks can sometimes be made simply as self-promotion, to elevate the leaker as a person of importance. Leaks can be intentional or unintentional. A leaker may be doing the journalist a personal favor (possibly in exchange for future cooperation), or simply wishes to disseminate
234:
People with access to confidential information may find it to their advantage to make it public, without themselves appearing to be responsible for publishing the information. For example, information which will embarrass political opponents, or cause damage to national security, may be
540:
held on 2022-12-21 revealed that as many as 248 million people in China might have contracted COVID-19 over the first 20 days of
December and nearly 37 million people may have been infected on a single day. A copy of the notes were circulated on Chinese social media.
129:. Marshall and Captain John Sutter tried their best to keep the discovery of gold quiet until the construction of Sutter's mill was completed, well knowing that the workmen would desert their jobs and turn to digging gold. The news leaked out, and the stampede began.
169:
Some people who leak information to the media are seeking to manipulate coverage. Cloaking information in secrecy may make it seem more valuable to journalists, and anonymity reduces the ability of others to cross-check or discredit the information.
141:
due to the need for speedy publication, because it otherwise would not have been able to be made public, or to rally opinion to their side of an internal debate. This type of leak is common; as former White House advisor
437:
who publicised government preparations for rule after a nuclear war. In 1963 they broke into a secret government bunker where they photographed and copied documents. They published this information in a pamphlet,
902:
322:, a top-secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Made public on the front page of the
311:
Leaks to the press were commonly made by both sides of the U.S. government's internal debate during August 1949–January 1950 regarding whether to proceed with development of the
840:
752:
Johnson, Loch K.; Aldrich, Richard J.; Moran, Christopher; Barrett, David M.; Hastedt, Glenn; Jervis, Robert; Krieger, Wolfgang; McDermott, Rose; Omand, David (2014-08-08).
188:, that rage coupled with the president's lifelong disdain of the press set the environment that led to Nixon's downfall. Most immediately, fear of further leaks after the
133:
Leaks are often made by employees of an organization who happened to have access to interesting information but who are not officially authorized to disclose it to the
104:. It can also be the premature publication of information by a news outlet, of information that it has agreed not to release before a specified time, in violation of a
912:
553:
364:
446:
386:
852:
546:
416:
employee Joshua Adam
Schulte leaked secret documents exposing the capabilities of the CIA to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare.
579:
571:
985:
823:
671:
966:
870:
725:
943:
1023:
582:
of the CCP. The document warns of seven dangerous
Western values, allegedly including media freedom and judicial independence.
125:
James
Marshall's discovery of gold in the South Fork of the American River at Sutter's mill on January 24, 1848, started the
371:
367:, the CIA deliberately planted false stories with the media to mislead the public, while claiming the stories were leaked.
479:
639:
753:
549:– who presented the figures to officials during the closed-door briefing, citing two people familiar with the matter.
434:
79:
57:
514:
by coup leaders failed mainly because the messages calling for a coup against the
Spanish Republic were not sent in
50:
1018:
1013:
173:
Some leaks are made in the open; for example, politicians who (whether inadvertently or otherwise) disclose
462:
398:
871:"Leaked notes from Chinese health officials estimate 250 million Covid-19 infections in December: Reports"
253:
People may be enticed to expose secret information for other self-serving motives, such as financial gain.
803:
537:
193:
17:
507:
485:
273:
619:
Senseless
Secrets: The Failures of U.S. Military Intelligence from George Washington to the Present
450:
390:
150:
secret information in order to affect the news. The latter type of leak is often made anonymously.
97:
44:
884:
1028:
982:
575:
511:
442:. Four thousand copies were sent to the national press, politicians and peace movement activists.
332:
200:" unit (so named because they wanted to fix leaks), which conducted the break-in that led to the
567:
560:, consisting of six documents, an "operations manual" for running the camps and detailed use of
174:
61:
493:
489:
228:
197:
126:
963:
692:(Paperback, with new introduction ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 376–379.
8:
1008:
675:
561:
542:
523:
515:
345:
154:
784:
730:
933:
788:
776:
340:
201:
159:
220:
1033:
768:
475:
181:
120:
146:
advised a young scholar in 1957, "there are no leaks in
Washington, only plants."
989:
970:
772:
426:
379:
319:
283:, confidential documents leaked on 5 November 2017 regarding offshore tax havens.
280:
243:
223:
may wish to judge the reaction of the public to their plans before committing (a
189:
163:
138:
903:"Exposed: China's Operating Manuals For Mass Internment And Arrest By Algorithm"
301:, confidential documents leaked on 3 October 2021 regarding offshore tax havens.
116:
454:
394:
324:
298:
212:
There are many reasons why information might be leaked. Some of these include:
185:
1002:
780:
721:
592:
519:
357:
312:
269:
247:
224:
143:
708:
The
American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad Since 1750
659:
Super Bomb: Organizational
Conflict and the Development of the Hydrogen Bomb
378:
began releasing details of 251,287 US diplomatic cables provided to them by
158:
impact of the announcement. It might be considered an element of political "
824:"Who Is Joshua Adam Schulte? Former CIA Employee Charged Over Vault 7 Leak"
557:
353:
287:
238:
People privy to secret information about matters which they consider to be
231:
without blame for proposed unpopular measures affecting their perpetrators.
184:
was enraged by the existence of leaks, and according to his former staffer
105:
597:
216:
101:
375:
336:
934:"Data leak reveals how China 'brainwashes' Uighurs in prison camps"
674:. Leaks Seen as Motivated More by Personal Than Political Reasons.
853:"China Estimates Covid Surge Is Infecting 37 Million People a Day"
661:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 55–56, 154.
492:
in 2008, which suggested the
Israeli military had been engaged in
690:
Before the Fall: An Insider View of the Pre-Watergate White House
458:
409:
402:
239:
123:, 1851. First Discovery of Gold in California, January 19, 1848.
291:
804:"How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)"
294:
documents brought to the public's attention in September 2020.
27:
Unsanctioned release of confidential information to news media
808:
726:"Senate Torture Report Condemns C.I.A. Interrogation Program"
672:
News Leaks Remain Divisive, But Libby Case has Little Impact
907:
885:"China estimates 250mn people have caught Covid in 20 days"
564:
and AI to target people and regulate life inside the camps.
134:
751:
272:, confidential documents leaked on 3 April 2016 regarding
938:
710:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 601, 609.
641:
U.S. Media and Elections in Flux: Dynamics and Strategies
430:
413:
177:
or confidential information while speaking to the press.
478:, an Israeli nuclear technician who revealed details of
429:, a group of British anti-war activists associated with
754:"AnINSSpecial Forum: Implications of the Snowden Leaks"
153:
Sometimes partial information is released to the media
554:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
536:Leaked minutes from an internal meeting of China's
365:
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
612:Silent Victory: The US Submarine War against Japan
522:to the senior officers commanding the ships. Navy
547:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1000:
545:said it was Sun Yang – a deputy director of the
180:Leaks can have strong consequences. President
714:
656:
526:Benjamin Balboa took credit for the news leak.
397:leaked secret documents exposing the American
457:leaked secret documents exposing the British
614:, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001
374:of November 2010 in which the organisation
137:. They may believe that doing so is in the
335:, later identified as FBI Deputy Director
204:and Nixon's eventual resignation in 1974.
801:
657:Young, Ken; Schilling, Warner R. (2019).
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
720:
115:
43:This article includes a list of general
705:
701:
699:
604:
192:were published in 1971, such as of the
14:
1001:
687:
652:
650:
488:leaked classified documents from the
127:great rush of Argonauts to California
696:
518:, as would have been the norm, from
372:United States diplomatic cables leak
339:, leaked information related to the
29:
356:published a leak, outing CIA agent
24:
761:Intelligence and National Security
647:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1045:
617:Lanning, Michael Lee (Lt. Col.),
420:
412:leaks of March 2017 in which the
405:, clandestine espionage programs.
480:Israel's nuclear weapons program
305:
262:
34:
976:
957:
946:from the original on 2019-11-26
926:
895:
877:
863:
845:
834:
465:clandestine espionage programs.
196:, led to the formation of the "
96:is the unsanctioned release of
816:
802:Greenberg, Andy (2017-03-07).
795:
745:
681:
665:
632:
621:, Carol Publishing Group, 1995
572:confidential internal document
13:
1:
1024:Political campaign techniques
964:省储备局认真学习贯彻落实《关于当前意识形态领域情况的通报》
625:
574:widely circulated within the
482:to the British press in 1986.
440:Danger! Official Secret RSG-6
250:" — may leak the information.
227:). Leaked information may be
911:. 2019-11-24. Archived from
773:10.1080/02684527.2014.946242
7:
586:
10:
1050:
538:National Health Commission
257:
207:
194:Secret Bombing of Cambodia
508:Spanish coup of July 1936
469:
706:LaFeber, Walter (1989).
688:Safire, William (1977).
644:. Routledge, 2016, p. 57
530:
500:
246:— often referred to as "
111:
98:confidential information
1019:Political communication
576:Chinese Communist Party
512:Spanish Republican Navy
449:in June 2013, in which
389:in June 2013, in which
64:more precise citations.
552:In November 2019, the
510:, the takeover of the
494:extrajudicial killings
349:reporter Bob Woodward.
130:
578:(CCP) in 2013 by the
490:Israeli Defense Force
242:wrong or against the
119:
1014:Sources (journalism)
992:，中国西藏之声网, 9 May 2013
988:15 June 2013 at the
973:，湖南机关党建, 16 May 2013
969:15 June 2013 at the
724:(December 9, 2014).
605:Books and references
568:Document Number Nine
198:White House Plumbers
983:西藏广电局召开传达学习有关文件精神会议
891:. 25 December 2022.
873:. 24 December 2022.
859:. 23 December 2022.
676:Pew Research Center
562:predictive policing
543:The Financial Times
506:At the time of the
363:As reported in the
346:The Washington Post
274:offshore tax havens
731:The New York Times
331:A source known as
131:
610:Blair Jr., Clay,
461:and the American
341:Watergate scandal
202:Watergate scandal
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1041:
993:
980:
974:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
899:
893:
892:
881:
875:
874:
867:
861:
860:
849:
843:
841:La Flota Es Roja
838:
832:
831:
820:
814:
813:
799:
793:
792:
758:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
718:
712:
711:
703:
694:
693:
685:
679:
669:
663:
662:
654:
645:
638:Jones, David A.
636:
524:radiotelegrapher
476:Mordechai Vanunu
435:Committee of 100
401:and the British
229:plausibly denied
182:Richard M. Nixon
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1038:
999:
998:
997:
996:
990:Wayback Machine
981:
977:
971:Wayback Machine
962:
958:
949:
947:
932:
931:
927:
918:
916:
901:
900:
896:
889:Financial Times
883:
882:
878:
869:
868:
864:
851:
850:
846:
839:
835:
830:. 19 June 2018.
822:
821:
817:
800:
796:
756:
750:
746:
736:
734:
719:
715:
704:
697:
686:
682:
678:, April 5, 2007
670:
666:
655:
648:
637:
633:
628:
607:
589:
533:
503:
472:
427:Spies for Peace
423:
380:Chelsea Manning
320:Pentagon Papers
308:
281:Paradise Papers
265:
260:
244:public interest
210:
190:Pentagon Papers
164:news management
139:public interest
124:
114:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1029:Whistleblowing
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
995:
994:
975:
956:
942:. 2019-11-24.
925:
894:
876:
862:
844:
833:
815:
794:
767:(6): 793–810.
744:
722:Mazzetti, Mark
713:
695:
680:
664:
646:
630:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
615:
606:
603:
602:
601:
595:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:General Office
565:
556:published the
550:
532:
529:
528:
527:
502:
499:
498:
497:
483:
471:
468:
467:
466:
455:Edward Snowden
443:
422:
421:United Kingdom
419:
418:
417:
406:
395:Edward Snowden
383:
368:
361:
350:
329:
325:New York Times
316:
307:
304:
303:
302:
299:Pandora Papers
295:
290:collection of
284:
277:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
248:whistleblowers
236:
232:
209:
206:
186:William Safire
155:off the record
113:
110:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
991:
987:
984:
979:
972:
968:
965:
960:
945:
941:
940:
935:
929:
915:on 2019-11-26
914:
910:
909:
904:
898:
890:
886:
880:
872:
866:
858:
854:
848:
842:
837:
829:
825:
819:
811:
810:
805:
798:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
748:
733:
732:
727:
723:
717:
709:
702:
700:
691:
684:
677:
673:
668:
660:
653:
651:
643:
642:
635:
631:
620:
616:
613:
609:
608:
599:
596:
594:
593:Internet leak
591:
590:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
539:
535:
534:
525:
521:
520:Ciudad Lineal
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
495:
491:
487:
484:
481:
477:
474:
473:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
436:
432:
428:
425:
424:
415:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:Valerie Plame
355:
351:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
326:
321:
317:
314:
313:hydrogen bomb
310:
309:
306:United States
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
270:Panama Papers
267:
266:
263:International
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
225:trial balloon
222:
221:policy makers
218:
215:
214:
213:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
171:
167:
165:
161:
156:
151:
147:
145:
144:Sidney Souers
140:
136:
128:
122:
121:Sutter's Mill
118:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
978:
959:
948:. Retrieved
937:
928:
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
906:
897:
888:
879:
865:
856:
847:
836:
827:
818:
807:
797:
764:
760:
747:
735:. Retrieved
729:
716:
707:
689:
683:
667:
658:
640:
634:
618:
611:
558:China Cables
439:
354:Robert Novak
344:
323:
288:FinCEN Files
211:
179:
172:
168:
152:
148:
132:
106:news embargo
93:
91:
76:
67:
48:
333:Deep Throat
217:Politicians
62:introducing
1009:News leaks
1003:Categories
950:2019-11-26
919:2019-11-26
626:References
600:(software)
598:GlobaLeaks
352:Columnist
175:classified
102:news media
45:references
18:News leaks
857:Bloomberg
789:154484939
781:0268-4527
486:Anat Kamm
453:employee
447:NSA leaks
393:employee
387:NSA leaks
376:WikiLeaks
337:Mark Felt
94:news leak
70:July 2007
986:Archived
967:Archived
944:Archived
828:Newsweek
587:See also
433:and the
360:in 2003.
328:in 1971.
1034:Secrecy
737:June 9,
459:Tempora
410:Vault 7
403:Tempora
258:Notable
240:morally
235:leaked.
208:Reasons
58:improve
787:
779:
470:Israel
292:FinCEN
162:", or
47:, but
809:WIRED
785:S2CID
757:(PDF)
570:is a
531:China
501:Spain
463:PRISM
399:PRISM
135:press
112:Types
908:ICIJ
777:ISSN
739:2014
516:code
445:The
408:The
385:The
370:The
318:The
297:The
286:The
279:The
268:The
219:and
160:spin
939:BBC
769:doi
451:NSA
431:CND
414:CIA
391:NSA
343:to
100:to
1005::
936:.
905:.
887:.
855:.
826:.
806:.
783:.
775:.
765:29
763:.
759:.
728:.
698:^
649:^
166:.
108:.
92:A
953:.
922:.
812:.
791:.
771::
741:.
496:.
382:.
315:.
276:.
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
