Taxis of New York City

1161:, known as "car services" or "livery cabs," which are prohibited from picking up street hails (although this rule is less often enforced in the boroughs outside Manhattan) and are supposed to pick up only those customers who have called the car service's dispatcher and requested a car. Following state legislation passed in 2011, the TLC voted in April 2012 to allow livery cabs to be licensed to make street pick-ups in the outer boroughs and northern Manhattan, a rule in effect starting in summer 2012. The implementation was held up with litigation, but on June 6, 2013, the New York State Court of Appeals, the State's highest court, found that the regulation of taxicabs was a compelling state interest, and that therefore the New York Legislature had acted within its rights when it authorized the new class of taxis. The Taxi and Limousine Commission plans to authorize up to 6,000 cabs per year for three years, ultimately creating a total of 18,000 green taxis. They first appeared in August 2013. 2368:

started working for ride-sharing services instead. There was also a decrease in taxi usage: in November 2016, there were 336,737 daily trips that netted $ 4.98 million, a decrease from the 463,701 daily trips netting $ 5.17 million in November 2010. However, in mid-2016, after a five-year decline, taxi usage began to increase again. Due to this competition, medallion owners sued the city and Uber in November 2015. By 2017, the 60,000 rideshare vehicles in New York City outnumbered the city's medallion vehicles at a ratio of almost 4 to 1, and many medallion owners faced the prospect of bankruptcy or severe debt because of the low medallion prices, which few entities were willing to buy. Medallion holders had trouble making payments on the loans that they borrowed to pay for the medallions. This, in turn, led to several high-profile suicides of taxi drivers who had seen decreases in profit due to the proliferation of rideshare vehicles.

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side of the medallion number were lit, with the medallion number off, the cab would be off duty and not accepting passengers. However, when the OFF and DUTY inscriptions were lit and the medallion number was still lit, the cab would be off duty but the driver could choose to pick up passengers heading in the same direction as the driver. In fall 2011, the TLC announced a plan to replace the three-light system with a simple indicator as to whether the taxi is available. In 2012, the TLC simplified the light system further, with a lit roof light indicating that the taxi is available and an unlit light indicating that the taxi is not available, regardless of whether it has passengers or is simply off duty. It also started fining drivers $ 100 for picking up passengers without the light on, except for if the driver is picking up their last passenger of their shift.

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of the city's administrative code because the Nissan NV200 is not a hybrid. In May 2013 a State Supreme Court judge blocked the Bloomberg administration's plan for introducing the Taxi of Tomorrow, ruling that indeed it violated a New York City provision requiring a hybrid option for taxi operators. City officials did not challenge the judge's ruling. In June 2013, the Taxi and Limousine Commission approved an adjusted set of rules in an effort to introduce the Taxi of Tomorrow as scheduled by October 2013. According to the adjusted rules, only hybrids with a large interior of at least 130 cu ft (3,700 L) will be permitted. Taxi operators complained that the only compliant hybrids are prohibitively expensive. A spokesman for the commission noted that the

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of tomorrow", it would be in violation of the Americans With Disabilities Act. On November 3–5, 2011, at the TLC's public design expo inviting the public to try out parked prototypes, the Taxis For All Campaign mounted a "Roll-In" protest. Under the eye of news media outside the Flatiron Building on Broadway at Fifth Avenue, wheelchair users tried in vain to use the future cabs. Mayor Bloomberg's sustained initiative to amend the law, so that licensed livery cabs may pick up street hails just as yellow medallion cabs do, requires the Governor's approval; but Governor

531:, horse-drawn cabs once again became a primary means of transport around New York City. In early 1907 Harry N. Allen, incensed after being charged five dollars (equivalent to $ 160 in 2023) for a journey of 0.75 miles (1.2 km), decided "to start a service in New York and charge so-much per mile." Later that year he imported 65 gasoline-powered cars from France and began the New York Taxicab Company. The cabs were originally painted red and green, but Allen repainted them all yellow to be visible from a distance. By 1908 the company was running 700 taxicabs. 4283:"Under the agreement, termed a "settlement in principle" by Paula Van Meter, a lawyer for the city, about $ 7 million from the city will go to the cabbies, who were penalized without having been granted hearings, for showing bias toward passengers, refusing to take them to certain locations, or other violations. The cabbies were penalized by the Taxi and Limousine Commission from late 1999 through early 2002 under Operation Refusal, an enforcement tactic begun after the actor Danny Glover complained that five taxis had refused to stop for him because he is black. 2356: 2281: 200:

greater range of people. There were 80 livery bases and 10,000 livery vehicles in 2014. Commuter vans carry more people, usually between 9 and 20 passengers per trip. Commuter van licenses were held by 50 entities, which collectively owned 500 vehicles, in 2014. Luxury limousine providers and private paratransit companies numbered 200 each in 2014, collectively chartering 7,000 luxury limousine vehicles and 2,000 paratransit vehicles. In 2015, there were 14,000 for-hire vehicles associated with one or more of four ride-sharing companies of the time:

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point out the locations of ten to fifteen landmarks, using a geographical directory provided during the test. Despite the fact that many potential applicants did not know locations outside Manhattan well, almost all applicants passed the test. By 1975, although the TLC was issuing 40,000 licenses yearly, there was a high proportion of new drivers: less than one-third of the 40,000 licenses were those being renewed by cab drivers who were already working, while two-thirds of the licenses were issued to new drivers.

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restriction, stating that it would have a negative impact on commuters in the outer boroughs. Marblegate Asset Management, one of the largest lenders to taxi-medallion holders, agreed to forgive $ 70 million in debt in 2020. Marblegate, the city government, and the Taxi Workers Alliance agreed in November 2021 to reduce medallion holders' loans to no more than $ 170,000. The city launched the Medallion Relief Program in September 2022, forgiving $ 225 million in debt within one month.

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arrange rides using smartphone apps in yellow medallion taxicabs, Boro (green) cabs, and for-hire vehicles. Each type of TLC-licensed vehicle has its own set of guidelines in regards to app usage, and the TLC has adopted new rules that codify these standards. Any companies that want to operate point-to-point for-hire service within the five boroughs, whether through an app or a phone call, need a TLC license to operate. They must also work only with TLC-licensed drivers and vehicles.

30: 1198: 1044: 2384: 263:. As of 2015, about half of traditional for-hire vehicle drivers were from the Dominican Republic, and nearly a quarter of medallion drivers were from Bangladesh. Additionally, the vast majority of TLC drivers were still male, with female TLC drivers making up from 1% of medallion taxi drivers to 4% of app-based for-hire vehicle drivers. The average TLC driver was middle-aged, with app-based drivers having a median age of 39 and all other drivers having a median age of 46–47. 1150: 892: 2256: 870: 953:

with a checker pattern on the left and right rear fenders, a futuristic fare panel on the rear doors, and a retro "NYC Taxi" logo on the front doors, with a yellow T in a black circle. In August 2012, the TLC phased out the design in favor of one that drops the "axi," leaving only the NYC logo and the circle-T. The detailed fare information on the rear doors was also replaced, replaced with a simple statement of a metered rate unless traveling to

1208: 517: 1001:'s bids were the three finalists, and all of their designs were based on small vans rather than sedans. The Karsan design was favorite among the New Yorkers. However, later was rejected due to doubts whether the company could "execute the project". In the end, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced the Nissan design as the winner to replace the city's 13,000 yellow cabs, to be phased in over five years starting in 2013. 1011: 2328:

medallions topping $ 1,000,000 in 2011. In 2013–2014, values were around $ 1 million to $ 1.3 million. By comparison, in 2004, a taxi driver had an average yearly gross revenue of $ 90,747 and a net income of $ 49,532. Because of the historically high prices, most medallions (and most cabs) are owned by investment companies and are leased to drivers ("hacks"). An investigation by

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trips a day, while Green Taxis, which hit the road in New York City in 2013, do almost 50,000 daily on average. While the TLC does not regulate specific shifts, the morning shift for a medallion taxi typically begins at 5:30 a.m., and the evening shift often starts at 5:15 p.m.. Trips peak Friday evenings for medallion cabs, and Saturday night for Green Taxis.

439:). Taxi drivers are not permitted to use cell phones while transporting passengers, even if they use a hands-free headset, although this is widely ignored by drivers. As of 2006, drivers earned an average of $ 158 after a 12-hour shift, but this figure has declined in the succeeding years, given that an increasing number of medallions have been leased since then. 1059:

with antimicrobial easy-to-clean seat fabric, overhead reading lights, floor lighting, a mobile charging station, including a 12-volt electrical outlet and two USB ports, a flat passenger floor, a "low-annoyance" horn with exterior lights that indicate honking, hearing loop system, intercom and exterior lights that signal when door is opening.

591:, New York had as many as 30,000 cab drivers. With more drivers than passengers, cab drivers were working longer hours, which led to growing public concern over the maintenance and mechanical integrity of taxi vehicles. To resolve these issues, the city considered creating a taxi monopoly, but the plan was abandoned after New York City Mayor 117:

medallions resulted in such a shortage that by 2014 they were selling for more than $ 1 million each, with about 14,000 medallions in existence. Since then, the increase in rideshare vehicles, which numbered about 63,000 in 2015 and 100,000 by August 2018, has drastically reduced the market price of medallions.

825:, charging him with disorderly conduct for allegedly having acted aggressively toward a TLC Inspector in defense of his driver. In 2006, the city was forced to settle the remaining aspects of the Operation Refusal case. Under the settlement, the TLC agreed to pay a group of 500 taxi drivers $ 7 million. 2371:

In August 2018, the city voted to stop issuing new ride-share licenses for one year, as well as enacted a minimum wage for for-hire vehicle drivers. The vote was intended to regulate the for-hire vehicle industry and prevent taxi medallion prices from falling further, but Uber and Lyft criticized the

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Over the years, many medallions once owned by individual drivers were sold to large taxi fleets. As of 2012, about 18% of all taxis were owner operated, while the rest were leased; this is a decline from the 29% ownership rate in 2006. Additionally, some taxi drivers might begin their shifts by owing

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passenger van. Only about 1,000 taxis will be exempted for various reasons, such as 273 taxis whose medallions require that they be high-mileage vehicles. However, in early 2013 the Greater New York Taxi Association filed suit against the city arguing that the Taxi of Tomorrow plan violates a section

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As of August 2013, manufacturing had begun in Cuernavaca, Mexico, where the stock NV200 is also assembled. Design features include room for four passengers, a transparent roof panel, independently controlled rear air conditioning, active carbon-lined headliner to help neutralize interior odors, along

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In 1967, New York City ordered all "medallion taxis" be painted yellow to help cut down on unofficial drivers and make official taxicabs more readily recognizable. The wife of the president of New Departure, Nettie Rockwell, particularly liked the color yellow and it therefore became the color of the

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Fares were increased at the end of 2022. Under the new plan, fares begin at $ 3.00. An additional surcharge of $ 2.50 applies during weekday rush hours, and a surcharge of $ 1 applies during overnight hours. In addition, all trips between Manhattan and JFK Airport are charged a flat rate of $ 70, and

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to operate, are driven an average of 180 miles per shift. As of March 14, 2014, there were 51,398 individuals licensed to drive medallion taxicabs. There were 13,605 taxicab medallion licenses in existence. By July 2016, that number had dropped slightly to 13,587 medallions, or 18 lower than

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There are currently 13,347 regular medallions, running from 1A10 to 9Y99, and including 136 SBV ("Standby vehicle") licenses, and TLC1 and TLC3. The letter series runs from 10 to 99, then advances to the next letter, skipping I, O, Q, R, S, X, Z. After Y, the first digit advances. Most cabs continue

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map of location, and be used to pay for rides by swiping a credit card. The drivers will have an electronic Driver Information Monitor in which messages can be sent to them informing them of traffic conditions and facilitating retrieving lost objects. Several taxicab drivers objecting to the cost of

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Originally, before October 2007, NYC Yellow cabs displayed the fare stickers in the front doors and the words "NYC Taxi" and the medallion number on the back doors. On September 30, 2007, all of the yellow cab decals were redesigned. The cabs were easily identified with the medallion number followed

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By the mid-1970s, there was a shortage in drivers, and as many as one-fifth of taxicabs were in the garage at any given time. Drivers only needed to take a test to show proof that they understood English; demonstrate knowledge of 29 major corridors and 168 routes to popular landmarks; and be able to

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In the 1960s, New York City experienced many of the problems other cities did. Crime and racial tensions increased. As a result, a quickly growing industry of private livery services emerged, commonly referred to as "car services". Unofficial drivers were barred from picking up people on the street,

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due to their almost-exclusively business clientele, and drivers ordinarily get less than 10% of their income in cash. There were around 500 base stations for black cars, comprising a total fleet of 25,000 vehicles, as of the 2014 TLC Factbook. Livery cars are similar to black cars, but are used by a

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to operate, are driven an average of 180 miles (290 km) per shift. The average total number of annual taxi passengers is 241 million. By July 2016, that number had dropped slightly to 13,587 medallions, or 18 lower than the 2014 total. However, the number of drivers in April 2016 had plummeted

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In 2011, New York City was sued by United Spinal Association for choosing an inaccessible "taxi of tomorrow". The Justice Department issued a "Statement of Interest", which was sent to the NY Federal District court, stating that, if the city did not mandate a wheelchair accessible taxi as the "taxi

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say they were well suited to their task, while others said customers who cared for the environment preferred hybrids. Not only that, but passenger safety also became an issue with the newer vehicles, and 6 months after the program took effect, it was dropped. Still, the proportion of the taxi fleet

812:, the union grew to fifteen thousand members (2011 estimate), representing almost one-third of all licensed cabdrivers in the city. Giuliani's crackdowns also led to a series of successful lawsuits against the city and the TLC. In 2000, a federal judge ruled that the NYPD had violated taxi drivers' 800:

filed a complaint with the TLC, after he was allegedly refused service by New York cab drivers. This resulted in a highly publicized Operation Refusal crackdown on drivers who were allegedly discriminating against certain passengers, sometimes for race, but far more often because of the passenger's

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in areas underserved by medallion cabs. Because the cost of leasing a medallion is so high, the system cuts into the income of drivers and raise costs for the passengers. On the other hand, some transportation analysts contend that cities with no barriers to entry to the taxi market end up with an

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are not medallion numbers, but they are TLC Street Hail Livery license numbers that consist of two letters followed by three numbers. The two letters progress in alphabetical order from right to left: the "AA" series is issued first, then "AB", "AC", all the way to "AZ", at which point the letters

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Participating drivers must have their car painted and the Taxi logo and information printed, and also the affiliated base on the rear sides, and cameras, meters and GPS added. The GPS will not allow the meter to work if the cab is starting in Manhattan below East 96th or West 110th streets, and in

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taxis, representing almost 33% of the 13,237 taxis in service, and about 6,000 by September 2012, representing 59% of the taxis in service—the most in any city in North America. By mid-2009, owners began retiring their original hybrid fleets after they accumulated between 300,000 and 350,000 miles

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A maximum of four passengers may be carried in most cabs, although larger minivans may accommodate five passengers, and one child under seven can sit on an adult's lap in the back seat if the maximum has been reached. Drivers are required to pick up the first or closest passenger they see, and may

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Before 2011, a cab's availability was indicated by the lights on the top of the car. When no lights were lit, the cab would be occupied by passengers. When just the center light showing the medallion number was lit, the cab would be empty and available. When the OFF and DUTY inscriptions to either

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The average hourly gross income for a medallion driver in 2015 was $ 30.41, not including tips, according to the 2016 TLC Factbook. Boro (green) taxi drivers made $ 20.63, also excluding tips. Evening hours are typically more lucrative. Medallion Taxis collectively make between 300,000 and 400,000

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In order to encourage greater use of passenger seat belts to prevent partition-related injuries, the TLC instituted the "Celebrity Talking Taxi" program in 1997, using celebrity audio messages to urge passengers to buckle up and take a receipt at the ride's conclusion. The messages proved largely

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rights by refusing to let the drivers engage in a peaceful protest of new rules. The TLC also lost a series of cases in state courts, for implementing rules without allowing for notice and comment. In 2000, another federal judge ruled that the Operation Refusal sting violated cabbies' due process

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As of September 4, 2012, fares begin at $ 2.50 ($ 3.00 between 8:00 p.m. and 6:00 am, and $ 3.50 during the peak weekday hours of 4:00–8:00 p.m.) and increase based on the distance traveled and time spent in slow traffic (50 cents for each one-fifth of a mile or each 50 seconds

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Starting in 2014, medallion prices dropped considerably, likely due to competition from ride-share services. As of October 2016, medallion prices had dropped to around $ 500,000 in value, with one medallion dropping to $ 250,000. Because of the decline in medallion prices, many taxi drivers

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Medallions were first issued in 1937 when the city created a licensing scheme, setting the number of cabs at 11,787. This number remained fixed until 1996. Because the medallion system artificially restricts the number of cabs, it has been criticized as an entry barrier to the New York City taxi

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The medallion system was created in 1937 as a government imposed limitation on the supply of taxicabs, requiring that a medallion be purchased for the right to operate a taxi. Thereafter, New York did not sell any medallions until 1996, when it auctioned slightly more than 2,000. The lack of new

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won the city's bid to become the "Taxi of Tomorrow" to replace most of the city's taxi fleet, with its introduction scheduled for October 2012. Nevertheless, this decision has faced several lawsuits and criticism, with the NV200 subject to comparisons with more cost-effective and widely adopted

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There were about 143,674 taxis and for-hire vehicles licensed by the TLC in 2015, according to the 2016 Factbook. These include 13,587 Medallion Taxicabs; 7,676 boro taxis; 38,791 black cars; 21,932 livery cars; 288 commuter vans; and 2,206 paratransit vehicles. Passengers in New York City can

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Medallions are sold from the City at infrequent auctions, or by a medallion owner. They increased in price from around $ 2,500 in 1947 to $ 280,000 in 2004. The medallions, which could be sold for a $ 10 renewal fee during the 1930s, are now worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, with fleet

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had become extremely severe. Cabbies were often robbed, injured, or murdered. Despite widespread use of bullet-resistant taxi partitions, introduced in 1967, seven cab drivers were killed and 3,000 were robbed in the first nine months of 1970. The response from regulators was to contend that

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The TLC has a Driver Safety Honor Roll recognizes the safest Taxi and For-Hire Vehicle drivers in New York City. Drivers on the Honor Roll have had no crashes involving fatalities or injuries, no traffic violations, and no violations of TLC safety-related rules for five years or more.

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opposes the City's choice of a non-wheelchair-accessible yellow cab. Thus, a compromise plan was announced in December 2011: the next 4,000 new medallions must go to accessible cabs, and the Governor will ratify the Mayor's initiative to let livery cars compete for street hails.

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As with livery cabs, there is an additional round amber light mounted on the left side of the trunk, as well as an amber light at the front of the cab, usually hidden from view behind the grille. When activated by the driver, these "trouble lights" blink to summon the police.

247:. Additionally, 97% of New York City taxi drivers self-reported as male and only 2.5% to 3% self-reported as female. This still held mostly true in 2015, where the greatest number of TLC drivers, about 14%, identified their place of birth as Bangladesh, followed by 12% the 965:

the devices (estimated at between $ 3,000 and $ 5,000 each) staged voluntary strikes on September 5 and 6 and October 22 in 2007. The city implemented a "zone pricing" structure during the days and the strikes had minimal impact on the city according to officials.

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signed the Haas Act, which introduced official taxi licenses and the medallion system that remains in place today. The law limited the total number of cab licenses to 16,900, but the number dwindled to 11,787 licenses, staying equal over the next six decades.

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From the mid-1980s into the 1990s, demographics changed among cabbies as new waves of immigrants arrived to New York City. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, of the 62,000 cab drivers in New York City, 82% were foreign born: 23% being from the Caribbean (the

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In 1996, the number of medallions changed for the first time in 60 years. The TLC added 133 new licenses, bringing the total to 11,920. Since 1996, more medallions have been added to the fleet, bringing the total number of cab licenses to 13,237 as of 2009.

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In 1982, production of the iconic Checker Taxi Cab ceased although many remained in operation. The Chevrolet Caprice and Ford Crown Victoria became the industry's top choices, with formerly used police cruisers providing a steady supply for cab fleets.

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released CabSense. The iPhone/Android phone app uses location data collected from the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission to predict which corners in New York City are best for finding and hailing a cab at any given hour of any given day of the

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taxis were scheduled to be introduced. The pilot program was launched in April 2013, and by June 2013, only four Leafs are providing cab service in the city. Still, as of December 2014, the number of new NV200 cabs in New York City remained low.

667:"continued violent crime against cab drivers" (despite partition mandates) merited a new "lock-box" requirement. That requirement was abandoned, quietly, after it was realized that in response, the cabs themselves in the city were being stolen. 2267:

issued by the TLC and attached to a taxi's hood. As of March 2014, there were 51,398 individuals licensed to drive medallion taxicabs. There were 13,605 taxicab medallion licenses in existence. Taxicab vehicles, each of which must have a

1181:, "The exterior of the vehicle must be painted taxi yellow (Dupont M6284 or its equivalent), except for trim. Samples of paint color and shade are to be submitted to the commission for approval." The specified M6284 paint code is actually a 421:

In 1999, 241 million passengers rode in New York taxis. The average cab fare in 2000 was $ 6; passengers paid a total of over $ 1 billion in fares that year. By 2006, the number had remained unchanged at about 240 million annual passengers.

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On July 11, 1992, thousands of taxi drivers used their taxis to block traffic in protest at the number of taxi drivers who had been murdered: 35 taxi drivers had been murdered so far that year, and 45 had been killed the previous year.

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Within a decade several more companies opened business and taxicabs began to proliferate. The fare was 50 cents a mile (equivalent to $ 15 in 2023), a rate only affordable to the relatively wealthy. After America's entry into the

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unpopular with both drivers and riders, as the TLC learned after conducting an online survey about the program in the fall of 2002. On the strength of those results, the Commission officially terminated the program in February 2003.

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models. As of March 14, 2014, 6,000 Street Hail Livery (SHL) permits have been issued, 20% of which must be used with wheelchair-accessible vehicles, with 4,478 Street Hail Livery vehicles already in use by that time.

928:. However, the plan was dropped after cab companies complained that the cost of maintaining the new hybrid vehicles vastly outweighed the tiny amount of fuel savings they got from going smaller. Proponents of the traditional 491:

1899 also saw a number of notable firsts for the Electric Vehicle Company. On May 20, 1899, Jacob German, driving an electric taxicab received the first speeding ticket in the United States. Later that year, on September 13,

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Mr. Giuliani described the crackdown as a toughening of two existing but only minimally successful undercover efforts, both called Operation Refusal, one run by the Police Department, the other by the Taxi and Limousine

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As of 2012, New York taxis are only crash-tested before being equipped as a cab. However, the new "Taxi of Tomorrow", the Nissan NV200, would also have its partition be crash-tested while installed inside the vehicle.

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By the early 1900s the Electric Vehicle Company was running up to 1,000 electric taxicabs on the streets of New York City until, in January 1907, a fire destroyed 300 of these vehicles, which, in conjunction with the

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per vehicle. Two attempts by the Bloomberg administration to implement policies to force the replacement of all 13,000 New York taxis for hybrids by 2012 were blocked by court rulings, and on February 28, 2011, the

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flooded dozens of Crown Victoria taxi cabs. As of November 2023, just two Crown Victoria cabs are still in service, with a combined mileage of over 1,000,000 miles. In addition, yellow cab operators also used the

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While medallion taxicabs in the city are always yellow and boro taxis are green, car service vehicles may be any color but yellow; they are usually black and are sometimes called "black car" services. Despite the

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Medallion (yellow) cabs are concentrated in the borough of Manhattan, but can be hailed anywhere throughout the five boroughs of New York City and may be hailed with a raised hand or by standing at a taxi stand.

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Laws since 1996 require that taxis be replaced every six years regardless of condition; this was increased to seven years in 2015, though some taxis are exempt for historical significance. In December 1996,

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The Taxi and Limousine Commission says his Checker, which is on its third engine and nearing one million miles on the odometer, needs a new chassis. Mr. Johnson's mechanic says that would cost $ 6,000 or

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and other films, filed a complaint yesterday with the City Taxi and Limousine Commission, charging a cabdriver with discrimination on Oct. 9 for refusing to allow him to ride in the front passenger seat.

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prohibition on picking up passengers who hail on the street, some livery cabs nevertheless do so anyway, often to make extra money. When a livery cab engages in street pick-ups, it becomes known as a "

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taxis, the production of which was discontinued in 2011, and other taxis by 2014. In mid-2011, the TLC was to award an exclusive contract to sell and service taxicabs in New York City for 10 years.

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Throughout the 1980s, working conditions for cabbies changed as crime in New York City was curtailed. Additionally, the cost of medallion licenses increased and fewer cabbies owned their taxicabs.

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The TLC also mandated that by the end of January 2008 all taxis should be equipped with a Passenger Information Monitor that is a screen in the backseat that can provide entertainment, a live

231:, and of all TLC drivers in 2000, 84% were immigrants, up from the 64% figure reported in 1990 and the 38% reported in 1980. That year, about 18% of drivers identified their place of birth as 781:

cabs were, due to their durable construction, phased out slowly. The last one was retired in July 1999, after more than 20 years in service and with nearly one million miles on its odometer.

4106: 470: 2468: 431:, New York City taxis have a relatively low standard fare, charging an estimated $ 14.10 for a distance of five miles and five minutes' wait time (compared to an estimated $ 18.48 in 176:. These taxis started operating in August 2013, with 18,000 licenses being added in three waves of 6,000; the first group of 6,000 licenses was added in 2014. The yellow "medallion" 4584: 402:

counties, fare is the metered rate from the point of origin to the city limit, then twice the metered rate from the city limit to the destination. All trips between Manhattan and

2238:." They are often found in areas not routinely visited by medallion cabs, and authorities tend to ignore the practice rather than leave sections of the city without cab service. 2324:

abundance of poorly maintained taxis. They say that a medallion system helps the city to better regulate taxis and enables the city to raise the standards of all taxis.

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in 2012, allowing customers to order car service in all of New York City. The app complies with all state rules and has won the Taxi and Limousine Commission's approval.

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with a variation of the medallion number, but new issues from March 2018 in the format Y123456C with standby vehicles in the format S123456V. The numbers assigned to

6313: 2648:...a decision by the Taxi and Limousine Commission that requires all of the city's 13,087 medallion taxis to be equipped by the end of January with new technology... 124:

taxi vehicles, representing almost 59% of the taxis in service, as of 2023, there are over 12,000 taxis in New York City, the most in any city in North America. The

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are charged the metered rate plus $ 17.50. The passenger also has to pay for any portion of the trip where the cab is driven on a toll road. The taxi must have an

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taxis. Between November 2013 and February 2014, the city auctioned 368 new medallions, all of which was earmarked for use with a wheelchair-accessible vehicle.

235:, the country where the most taxi drivers reported themselves as having been born. Drivers providing app-based services identify most commonly as being born in 195:

vehicles. Black cars cannot be hailed on the street, instead they must be dispatched by a parent business. These businesses formerly used luxury cars such as a

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and casual (non-monetary) sex, and the city's cabbies were subsequently targeted for surveillance by police and private organizations associated with the

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or Gett app allows users to call taxis to their location and pay automatically through the app. Gett also offers $ 10 rides within Central Manhattan.

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Historically, only yellow medallion taxicabs were permitted to pick up passengers in response to a street hail. The TLC also regulates and licenses

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Many cabdrivers protested the new regulations sought by the Giuliani administration. In 1998, their activity formed the basis of a new taxidrivers'

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An auction was held in 2006 where 308 new medallions were sold. In the 2006 auction, 254 were designated as hybrid taxis and 54 were designated as

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new Rockwell taxicabs. The Rockwell Service Cab became the Yellow Taxicab when Mrs. Rockwell selected that as her choice of color for the auto.

496:

became the first victim of an automotive accident in the United States when he was hit by an electric taxicab as he was helping a friend from a

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Approved vehicles must have air conditioning for the backseat rows, as well as sufficient space to install the partition behind the front row.

6102: 6453: 6306: 4054: 3043: 184: 153: 6021: 5127: 6796: 6419: 5999: 5836: 3880: 3056: 941:

minivans kept rising. The percentage of Crown Victoria taxis in the city would be further undercut by the adoption of the similarly sized

792:

created to address the alleged phenomenon of service refusal. In 1998, the TLC enacted a package of regulatory reforms, inspired by Mayor

6170: 4686: 4410: 2979: 2887: 2690: 1174: 937:

made up of Crown Victorias has dropped over time. In 2010, it stood at about 60% of yellow cabs, as the number of Ford Escape Hybrid and

632: 90: 2944: 610:

during an organization effort by the United Mine Workers. The strike lasted approximately 1 week and ended in failure for the strikers.

6832: 6716: 6668: 6414: 3610: 635:(TLC) was established in 1971 with jurisdiction over the city's medallion (yellow) taxicabs, livery cabs, "black cars", commuter vans, 5645: 6690: 5325: 5168: 5039: 4934: 3913: 3532: 3221: 6902: 6877: 6299: 2619:

number of for-hire vehicles in the city has surged to more than 100,000 vehicles, from about 63,000 in 2015, according to the city.

2347:

money to the taxi fleet companies that hire them, so they may spend a substantial amount of their day trying to earn a net profit.

152:

All types of taxis are licensed by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC), which oversees for-hire vehicles, taxis,

4660: 5795: 3283: 2340: 2295: 5901: 6771: 6076: 5705: 5067: 5011: 4634: 3773:

Austin Gallas, "The Price of the Ride in New York City: Sex, Taxis, and Entrepreneurial Resilience in the Dry Season of 1919,"

1027: 385:. In 2015, the TLC recorded 7 million trips in the 541 wheelchair-accessible vehicles, up from 6 million in the previous year. 4080: 3946: 6706: 6673: 5434: 4815: 3723: 2778: 954: 403: 394:

stopped or traveling under 12 miles an hour). An additional 50¢ tax is added to all trips within New York City. For trips to

169: 82: 6852: 6837: 6593: 407: 313: 5773: 480:

in July 1897. The company ran until 1898 with up to 62 cabs operating until it was reformed by its financiers to form the

6897: 6842: 6628: 6522: 5927: 5510: 5104: 4885: 3824: 3005: 137: 6791: 6726: 3368: 3329: 2496: 4906: 3255: 1098:

The deployment of the city's Taxi of Tomorrow would result in almost all the existing fleet, of which about 6,000 are

6816: 6529: 6463: 4239: 4177: 4138: 908:

In 2005, New York introduced incentives to replace its current yellow cabs with electric hybrid vehicles such as the

607: 17: 4782: 2336:

to drivers, mainly immigrants, who would be unable to repay the loans with high interest rates and exorbitant fees.

4533: 4032: 5823: 5187: 3497: 2310:

operates a fleet of five undercover taxis. These vehicles operate with medallions beginning with either 2W or 6Y.

643:), and some luxury limousines. Its predecessor was the New York City Hack Bureau, operated under the aegis of the 6864: 6683: 6322: 5864: 2542: 2397: 2307: 648: 644: 45:

come in two varieties: yellow and green; they are widely recognizable symbols of the city. Taxis painted yellow (

6711: 6545: 4858: 2360: 2274: 2588: 879:

was also a popular choice for hybrid cab service in New York City, and has since been succeeded by the larger

6588: 6429: 758: 1177:

has enforced strict requirements for the color of medallion taxicabs since the late 1960s. According to the

4502: 1090:

electric vehicles as taxis. The Leafs were initially scheduled to be deployed in 2012, one year before the

399: 305: 4585:"Ford's US Hybrid Sales Up 73% for First 9 Months of 2009; Total US Hybrid Sales Down 14% for Same Period" 4212: 1075:

van may be available by 2017. However, to test the concept, Nissan is sponsoring a pilot program with six

89:. Both types have the same fare structure. Taxicabs are operated by private companies and licensed by the 6811: 6638: 6351: 5994: 5831: 3108: 3051: 2974: 2882: 1363: 1335: 974: 462: 5408: 3687: 3172: 6361: 6261: 4332: 2825: 568: 432: 5622: 5593: 4406: 4358: 3463: 6801: 6731: 6721: 6458: 6434: 6223:"Taxi medallion debt relief program opens for long-suffering drivers in Queens, across NYC – QNS.com" 5564: 4432: 2320: 2235: 457: 358:

allows users to hail taxicabs and automatic accept payments (including tips) using their smartphones.

228: 165: 4459: 2853: 1043: 6603: 6441: 6388: 3787:

Pursuing Johns: Criminal Law Reform, Defending Character, and New York City's Committee of Fourteen

3588: 2303:

progress to "BA", "BB", "BC", etc. The license plates retain the previous numbers as a livery cab.

1099: 925: 654: 528: 481: 5382: 5357: 5300: 4712: 4359:"Taxi and Limousine Commission Votes Today to Authorize Cleaner, Greener Hybrid-Electric Taxicabs" 3304: 3060: 2874: 6859: 6678: 4837: 4507: 3746: 3639: 3142: 2969: 2750: 969: 547: 395: 382: 309: 279:

New York medallion taxicab in a prior livery. The medallion number is on the side of the taxicab.

121: 50: 5989: 5326:"Guide to understanding the Street Hail Livery (SHL) Service Rules and Requirements – June 2013" 3346:"Sense Network Launches CabSense for iPhone and Android to Help New Yorkers find Available Cabs" 5681: 1565: 1087: 663: 599: 3713: 2697: 6806: 6398: 6341: 5747: 5238: 4388: 3825:"'Locked Box' May Be Cabbie's Best Friend; A Wave of Robberies Prompts Demand for Protection" 551: 110: 3614: 3091: 1128: 6608: 6572: 6517: 6368: 6346: 5653: 4730: 4559: 2389: 1801: 1616: 1033: 317: 6137:"With relief deal, New York City taxi drivers no longer face 'debt beyond their lifetime'" 5332: 4480: 4265: 2632: 227:

TLC-licensed drivers self-reported 167 different countries as their place of birth in the

160:

vehicles. The iconic taxicabs come in two colors. The apple green taxis, which are called

8: 6847: 6761: 6598: 6512: 6393: 3993: 3751: 3536: 3394: 1010: 986: 933: 749: 728: 5718: 3799: 2280: 183:

The TLC oversees over 100,000 for-hire vehicles, including "black cars"; "livery cars";

6756: 6751: 6565: 6550: 6497: 6383: 6356: 5072: 5044: 5016: 4957: 4752: 4270: 4182: 4143: 4111: 2593: 2547: 2501: 1217:

As of 2019, there are several approved models for use as New York City medallion taxis.

1182: 998: 913: 858: 681: 564: 427: 248: 3280: 2911: 2725: 2332:

showed that investment companies and banks specializing in medallion loans engaged in

748:, with the last Caprice 9C6 taxi packages being in service until the early 2000s. The 595:

was accused of accepting a bribe from the Parmelee Company, the largest taxi company.

6144: 6110: 5964: 5872: 5743: 5482: 5442: 4297:"NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: NEW YORK UP CLOSE; You Talkin' to Me? Less and Less These Days" 3921: 3888: 3719: 3471: 3325: 3229: 2660: 2598: 2552: 2506: 2460: 2355: 2333: 2053: 1186: 917: 766: 745: 173: 93:(TLC). It also oversees over 40,000 other for-hire vehicles, including "black cars", 78: 5289:

Color Codes – Dupont B8779 Cross-Reference: Paint codes for Ford "School Bus Yellow"

5213: 920:

proposed a five-year plan to switch New York City's taxicabs to more fuel-efficient

796:, that included a structured framework of enhanced driver standards. In 1999, actor 6502: 6286: 6077:"In major defeat for Uber and Lyft, New York City votes to limit ride-hailing cars" 1452: 1423: 1395: 1284: 1259: 1083: 929: 817:

rights. In 2004, TLC inspectors were embarrassed when they handcuffed and arrested

588: 474: 321: 196: 6291: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2171:(BraunAbility, FR Covnersions, Freedom Motors, Revability, TransitWorks/Driverge) 418:

all trips to or from LaGuardia Airport will be charged the metered rate plus $ 5.

304:

not refuse a trip to a destination anywhere within the five boroughs, neighboring

4892: 4873: 4466: 4027: 3665: 3563: 3287: 1673: 921: 789: 753: 544: 536: 378: 374: 370: 142: 62: 5865:"'They Were Conned': How Reckless Loans Devastated a Generation of Taxi Drivers" 1119:

less than the NV200. The two other hybrids, which comply with the rule, are the

752:

became the most widely used sedan for yellow cabs in New York. In October 2012,

640: 5265:"Questions About Inmates' Holiday Food, Orange Cabs and Bogart's Brooklyn Ties" 5099: 3078: 2422: 2269: 2264: 2110: 1697: 1211: 1108: 946: 880: 857:

During early adoption of hybrid cab service in New York City in the 2000s, the

809: 723: 560: 493: 336: 289: 201: 109:

the 2014 total. Taxi patronage has declined since 2011 due to competition from

105: 61:"), which began to appear in August 2013, are allowed to pick up passengers in 5469:"2012 New York Cab Confessions: Wildly Different Views of New York's New Taxi" 851: 6891: 6507: 6148: 6114: 5968: 5902:"'There's no future for taxis': New York yellow cab drivers drowning in debt" 5876: 5592:. New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. March 23, 2018. Archived from 5446: 3925: 3892: 3475: 3233: 2602: 2556: 2510: 2464: 2167: 1991: 1966: 1938: 1909: 1833: 1479: 1201: 1158: 938: 793: 774: 770: 715: 572: 505: 252: 213: 157: 146: 86: 38: 3972: 1197: 949:. By 2015, the Ford Crown Victoria fleet would be nearly entirely replaced. 29: 6336: 4356: 2688: 2196: 2085: 2021: 1860: 1647: 1103: 1091: 1079: 1072: 1064: 1049: 942: 909: 898: 876: 822: 797: 778: 592: 576: 567:

began operating fleets. The most successful manufacturer, however, was the

521: 125: 5957:"Yellow Cab, Long a Fixture of City Life, Is for Many a Thing of the Past" 4611: 1149: 369:

The majority of electronic hails in 2016 came from northern Brooklyn; the

6766: 6424: 4962: 2135: 1775: 1591: 1537: 1506: 1076: 805: 762: 636: 244: 216:. By 2018, over 80,000 such vehicles were being driven for "ride-share". 192: 2255: 1120: 891: 180:

can pick up anywhere in the city, and numbered 13,437 licenses in 2014.

6373: 4055:"Last two NYC Ford Crown Victoria taxis finally at the end of the road" 2402: 689: 485: 477: 344: 328: 236: 232: 94: 6103:"Investment Firm Forgives $ 70 Million in New York City Taxi-Cab Debt" 4534:"City's Lengthy Push for Hybrid-Engine Taxicabs Hits a Legal Dead End" 6468: 6446: 6378: 6048:"A Taxi Driver Took His Own Life. His Family Blames Uber's Influence" 3291: 2299: 1207: 1144: 869: 741: 497: 331:

designed to help people find, hail, and share cabs in New York City:

285: 240: 188: 161: 98: 66: 58: 3498:"NYC taxi fares expected to increase by 23% by the end of this year" 3006:"New York just capped the number of Uber, Lyft vehicles in the city" 2543:"Taxi Medallions, Once a Safe Investment, Now Drag Owners Into Debt" 6171:"'New dawn' for NYC taxi drivers after mayor agrees to debt relief" 3778: 1749: 1723: 697: 540: 488:

electric car, and had up to 100 taxicabs running in total by 1899.

355: 256: 70: 3785:(New York: Bureau of Printing, NYPD, 1920), 38; Thomas C. Mackey, 2589:"New York City Votes to Cap Uber and Lyft Vehicles in a Crackdown" 516: 4357:

New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (September 8, 2005).

4266:"New York City to Pay Settlement to Taxi Drivers Accused of Bias" 4022:"Strangely Beautiful – Taxis Underwater – New York Writes Itself" 3998: 3789:, 1920–1930 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005), 46–48. 3464:"New York City Approves Taxi Fare Hike, Raising Average Fare 23%" 3307: 2779:"All-Borough Taxis (Like Yellow Cabs, but Green) Hit the Streets" 2230: 436: 411: 362: 177: 42: 4081:"NYC's Last Two Crown Vic Taxi Cabs Are Living on Borrowed Time" 2273:

to 30,488, caused by an exodus of drivers who went to drive for

1219:

There is no restriction on the makes and models for boro taxis.

777:

minivans, which offer increased passenger room. The distinctive

6633: 6022:"Cab medallion owners sue NYC, blame Uber for ruining business" 1016: 994: 990: 985:

In 2007, city officials outlined a project to replace existing

619:

but they readily found business in under-served neighborhoods.

74: 5511:"Taxi medallion owners find their dreams dashed by Uber, Lyft" 4768:

New York Rejects Karsan Bid to Supply New Taxi Fleet, NYT Says

4481:"City Cabdrivers Strike Again, but Protest Gets Little Notice" 4362: 808:, the New York Taxi Workers Alliance. Under the leadership of 5621:. New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Archived from 5147:"Judge Declares Bloomberg's Borough Taxi Law 'Null and Void'" 4986:"How a billion-dollar deal is frustrating Nissan in New York" 2689:

New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (March 9, 2006).

2633:"Rival Drivers' Groups Disagree on Likelihood of Taxi Strike" 731:

became the most used yellow cab in New York City in the 1990s

693: 685: 351: 260: 5409:"Taxis Go Electric: Tesla Joins Cab Fleets in New York City" 4907:"Nissan LEAF Taxis: Ready for the Mean Streets of New York?" 3688:"May 21, 1901: Connecticut Sets First Speed Limit at 12 MPH" 469:

The first taxicab company in New York City was the Samuel's

6197:"Taxi drivers, elected officials cheer debt relief program" 5540:"Drivers are breaking up with Uber to get back with yellow" 3558: 3556: 3554: 1138: 901:

would emerge as a dominant model for New York City taxicabs

414:

tag, and passengers pay the discounted E-ZPass toll rates.

324:

or otherwise discriminate against passengers hailing cabs.

209: 205: 5928:"Uber and Lyft are demolishing New York City taxi drivers" 4713:"No Town Car or Crown Vic? N.Y. Streets Won't Be the Same" 4687:"Appeals Court Rejects Effort to Create Hybrid Taxi Fleet" 3777:

31, no. 1 (January 2022): 89–114, accessed March 1, 2024,

4178:"Cabbies Who Bypass Blacks Will Lose Cars, Giuliani Says" 3881:"Massive Cabdriver Protest Of 35 Killings Snarls Traffic" 3281:"New York Taxis – Getting Around New York City in a Taxi" 2854:"NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission – Current Licensees" 968:

As of February 2011, New York City had around 4,300

961: 275: 3551: 3279:

New York Taxis – Getting around New York City in a Taxi

2875:"Passenger information: Livery Passenger Bill of Rights" 2350: 5646:"Photos: How To Spot One Of The NYPD's Undercover Cabs" 3369:"Carmel car service pulls ahead of rivals with new app" 3256:"Roof light will mean cab is available under new rule" 2945:"Livery Cars Are Like Taxis Where Few Taxis Are Found" 1482:

Accessible (BraunAbility & TransitWorks/Driverge)

5741: 5331:. NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission. Archived from 4139:"Danny Glover Says Cabbies Discriminated Against Him" 4958:"NYC Adds 6 Nissan Leaf Electric Cars to Taxi Fleet" 4107:"Last New York Checker Turns Off Its Meter for Good" 3431: 3429: 3222:"Answering the Question: Is This New York Cab Free?" 2379: 1102:, to be replaced within 3 years with the non hybrid 579:

that became the most common taxis in New York City.

164:

or "boro taxis," operate only outside the Manhattan

6321: 4661:"Federal Bill Would Clear Way for Green Taxi Fleet" 4560:"Panel Enacts Incentives for Hybrids in Cab Fleets" 4175: 3611:"TLC's hack yak attack | YellowCabNYCTaxi.com" 3395:"Hailo rolls out smartphone payment for taxi rides" 2319:market that has in turn created a black market for 539:, taxis became increasingly popular sites for both 6556:Lower Manhattan–Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project 5858: 5856: 5854: 5737: 5735: 3914:"Taxi Drivers Stage Protest Against Violent Crime" 3419: 2745: 2743: 120:As of September 2012, there are around 7,990 6070: 6068: 5789: 5787: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5095:"Livery Cab Drivers Protest Law by Following Law" 4935:"The epic fight over New York's Taxi of Tomorrow" 4895:, Gavin Conway, TheChargingPoint.com, May 8, 2011 3947:"New York Cabbies Block Traffic To Protest Crime" 3437:"NYC Cab Fare Hike Could Start to Go into Effect" 3426: 3092:"The Changing Face of Taxi and Limousine Drivers" 2819:"NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission – Fact Book" 2490: 2488: 2486: 924:as part of an agenda for New York City to reduce 288:in "apple green" color can be hailed only in the 49:) are able to pick up passengers anywhere in the 6889: 5818: 5816: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5169:"Court Permits Hailing of Taxis Across the City" 4389:"Two Car Models, New York Emblems, Discontinued" 4263: 3613:. Yellowcabnyc.com. May 25, 2010. Archived from 3094:, Schaller Consulting. Accessed October 3, 2007. 6094: 5851: 5732: 5679: 5128:"Taxi Panel Adopts Plan On Hailing Livery Cabs" 4838:"Nissan's "Taxi of Tomorrow" enters production" 4136: 3781:. See also City of New York Police Department, 3640:"Hailing the History of New York's Yellow Cabs" 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 2740: 6561:Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway 6162: 6128: 6065: 5784: 5668: 5533: 5531: 5188:"Your Five-Boro Taxi Plan Questions, Answered" 5012:"Doubting if Tomorrow Will Ever Come for Taxi" 4863:for Civil Rights at Display of Non-Accessible 4104: 3715:The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History 3455: 3102: 3100: 2999: 2997: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2483: 2451:Horwitz, Jeff; Cumming, Chris (June 6, 2012). 2450: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 465:Hansom Cab is similar to the 1890s E.V.C. cabs 406:are charged a flat rate of $ 52. All trips to 6307: 6000:New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission 5919: 5895: 5893: 5837:New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission 5813: 5796:"2 Taxi Medallions Sell for $ 1 Million Each" 5774:"2 Taxi Medallions Sell for $ 1 Million Each" 5567:. New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 5497: 5068:"Panel Adopts New Rules for Taxi of Tomorrow" 4612:"Hybrid taxis slowly catching on in the west" 4455: 4453: 3874: 3872: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3057:New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission 2720: 2718: 2663:. New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 2582: 2580: 2578: 6797:New York Metropolitan Transportation Council 5950: 5948: 5682:"The Struggles of New York City's Taxi King" 5435:"Yellow Cabs and Black Cars: A Quick Lesson" 5065: 5037: 5009: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4527: 4525: 4496: 4494: 3852:"Poorly Informed Drivers Are a Problem Here" 3530: 3023: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2776: 977:declined to consider an appeal by the city. 559:By the 1920s, automobile manufacturers like 104:Taxicab vehicles, each of which must have a 6287:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 6214: 6168: 6045: 5528: 5162: 5160: 4886:"New York could see electric taxis in 2017" 4808:"KARSAN WINS FANS BUT LOSES CONTEST IN NYC" 4659:Grynbaum, Michael M. (September 30, 2009). 4411:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 4240:"Cabbies Entitled to Hearings, Judge Rules" 3994:"NYC's original last CHECKER CAB – YouTube" 3392: 3322:Taxi!: Cabs and Capitalism in New York City 3253: 3097: 3003: 2994: 2980:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 2906: 2904: 2888:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 2848: 2846: 2765: 2586: 2437: 2259:Medallion attached on the hood of a taxicab 1175:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 633:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 91:New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission 6314: 6300: 6188: 5890: 5680:Van Zuylen-Wood, Simon (August 27, 2015). 5406: 5144: 4955: 4532:Grynbaum, Michael M. (February 28, 2011). 4450: 4207: 3869: 3849: 3634: 3632: 3515: 3489: 3126: 2715: 2575: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2494: 33:Boro taxi (left) and Yellow Medallion taxi 6691:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 5945: 5900:Watt, Cecilia Saixue (October 20, 2017). 5862: 5794:Grynbaum, Michael M. (October 20, 2011). 5772:Grynbaum, Michael M. (October 20, 2011). 5239:"Title 35: Taxi and Limousine Commission" 5214:"Now You Know: Why Are Taxi Cabs Yellow?" 5040:"Judge Blocks Plan by City for New Taxis" 4932: 4921: 4904: 4774: 4678: 4652: 4626: 4551: 4522: 4491: 4460:Medallion Taxicab Technology Enhancements 4176:Bumiller, Elisabeth (November 11, 1999). 3220:Grynbaum, Michael M. (October 11, 2011). 2929: 2796: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 6878:Category:Transportation in New York City 6169:Venkatraman, Sakshi (November 4, 2021). 6074: 5793: 5771: 5706:Regulation Magazine, Vol. 20 No. 1, 1997 5157: 5125: 5038:Flegenheimer, Matt (February 10, 2013). 4983: 4780: 4710: 4658: 4577: 4531: 4386: 4382: 4380: 4078: 3393:Harshbarger, Rebecca (October 1, 2013). 3219: 3196:"Confusing Taxi Lights May Get Makeover" 3193: 2901: 2843: 2630: 2354: 2279: 2254: 1619:Taxi Accessible (TransitWorks/Driverge) 1206: 1196: 1148: 1139:Street hail livery vehicles (boro taxis) 722: 714: 653: 515: 456: 425:According to an April 2011 study by the 274: 136: 28: 6134: 5925: 5508: 4984:Chappell, Lindsey (December 15, 2014). 4771:By Ercan Ersoy – May 2, 2011 5:43 AM ET 4237: 3629: 3004:O'Brien, Sara Ashley (August 8, 2018). 2653: 2587:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (August 8, 2018). 2529: 2263:Medallion taxicabs are named after the 1885:Nissan NV200 Accessible (BraunAbility) 1192: 527:In 1907, following the collapse of the 14: 6890: 6772:Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation 6717:Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation 6100: 6046:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (April 1, 2018). 6019: 5432: 5407:Hirschfeld, Andy (November 15, 2019). 5262: 5126:Haughney, Christine (April 20, 2012). 4783:"New York's New Taxi Will Be a Nissan" 4711:Grynbaum, Michael M. (June 25, 2010). 4684: 4635:"Judge Blocks Hybrid Taxi Requirement" 4557: 4469:– nyc.gov – Retrieved November 9, 2007 4430: 4387:Grynbaum, Michael M. (June 25, 2010). 3366: 3319: 3254:O'Neill, Natalie (November 30, 2012). 3106: 2675: 2363:protest at City Hall in September 2021 719:Chevrolet Caprice NYC Cab in the 1990s 6674:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 6530:World Trade Center Transportation Hub 6295: 6220: 6075:Wodinsky, Shoshana (August 8, 2018). 5824:"DECEMBER 2014 MEDALLION SALES CHART" 5643: 5537: 5211: 5185: 4478: 4377: 3878: 3850:Blumenthal, Ralph (August 11, 1975). 3711: 3495: 3169:"NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission" 2943:Hays, Constance L. (April 16, 1990). 2777:Flegenheimer, Matt (August 9, 2013). 2753:. NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission 2728:. NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission 2563:from the original on October 13, 2017 2495:Van Gelder, Lawrence (May 11, 1996). 2351:Medallion values and debt forgiveness 2284:Yellow Taxi Wait Times and Demand Map 511: 404:John F. Kennedy International Airport 170:John F. Kennedy International Airport 83:John F. Kennedy International Airport 6194: 6135:Sadeque, Samira (November 9, 2021). 5899: 5863:Rosenthal, Brian M. (May 19, 2019). 5166: 5145:Rubinstein, Dana (August 17, 2012). 5066:Flegenheimer, Matt (June 20, 2013). 4956:Albanesius, Chloe (April 22, 2013). 4632: 4500: 4479:Lopez, Elias E. (October 23, 2007). 4431:Dunlap, David W. (August 22, 2012). 4294: 4137:Williams, Monte (November 4, 1999). 4079:DeMattia, Nico (November 29, 2023). 3496:Sylla, Zenebou (November 17, 2022). 3194:Tarantal, Erika (October 12, 2011). 2942: 2609:from the original on August 11, 2018 2497:"Medallion Limits Stem From the 30s" 314:Newark Liberty International Airport 6629:Congestion pricing in New York City 6101:Berger, Paul (September 13, 2020). 5926:Holodny, Elena (October 12, 2016). 5466: 5263:Pollak, Michael (January 5, 2014). 5167:Matt, Flegenheimer (June 6, 2013). 3775:Journal of the History of Sexuality 3461: 3367:Sloane, Garett (December 5, 2012). 2631:Moynihan, Colin (August 24, 2007). 2288: 1804:Accessible (TransitWorks/Driverge) 980: 916:. In May 2007, New York City Mayor 836: 473:(E.C.W.C.), which began running 12 471:Electric Carriage and Wagon Company 320:to ensure cabbies do not engage in 24: 6727:Interborough Rapid Transit Company 6243: 6221:Parry, Bill (September 27, 2022). 6195:Cuza, Bobby (September 30, 2022). 5954: 5509:Furfaro, Danielle (July 5, 2016). 5433:Newman, Andy (November 17, 1998). 5010:Flegenheimer, Matt (May 1, 2013). 4558:Newman, William (March 29, 2009). 4433:"In the City, 'T' Stands for Taxi" 4264:Lueck, Thomas J. (March 8, 2006). 4031:. October 31, 2012. Archived from 3685: 3303:Taxicab Rider Bill of Rights here 3107:Benepe, Jen (September 15, 2007). 2540: 841: 447: 25: 6914: 6817:Tri-State Transportation Campaign 6280: 6020:Mullin, Joe (November 17, 2015). 4814:. Karsan Taxi NYC. Archived from 4633:Chan, Sewell (October 31, 2008). 4609: 3747:"Notable Moments in Taxi History" 3718:. New York: Avalon. p. 461. 3569:. Schaller Consulting. March 2006 3143:"Notable Moments in Taxi History" 2912:"NYC Taxi & Livery Fact Book" 2541:Hu, Winnie (September 10, 2017). 2517:from the original on May 14, 2016 688:) and 30% being from South Asia ( 569:Checker Cab Manufacturing Company 6669:NYC Department of Transportation 6039: 6013: 5982: 5765: 5711: 5699: 5637: 5611: 5579: 5557: 5475: 5460: 5426: 5400: 5375: 5350: 5318: 5293: 5282: 5256: 5243:Rules of NYC 0.0.1 documentation 5231: 5205: 5179: 4933:Motavalli, Jim (June 20, 2013). 4781:Grossman, Andrew (May 3, 2011). 4501:Mann, Ted (September 19, 2012). 4105:Wilgoren, Jodi (July 27, 1999). 3779:https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS31104 2382: 2277:services such as Uber and Lyft. 1071:A fully electric version of the 1042: 1026: 1009: 957:, where a flat fare is charged. 890: 868: 850: 508:caused the company to collapse. 6903:Transportation in New York City 6865:Port of New York and New Jersey 6792:National Taxi Workers' Alliance 6684:New York City Transit Authority 6323:Transportation in New York City 6201:Spectrum News NY1 New York City 5955:Hu, Winnie (January 15, 2017). 5538:Flamm, Matthew (June 5, 2016). 5138: 5119: 5087: 5059: 5031: 5003: 4977: 4949: 4898: 4879: 4852: 4830: 4800: 4759: 4745: 4723: 4704: 4603: 4472: 4424: 4399: 4350: 4314: 4288: 4257: 4231: 4201: 4169: 4156:The actor Danny Glover, of the 4130: 4098: 4072: 4047: 4014: 3986: 3965: 3939: 3906: 3843: 3817: 3792: 3783:Annual Report for the Year 1919 3767: 3739: 3705: 3679: 3658: 3603: 3581: 3412: 3386: 3360: 3338: 3313: 3297: 3273: 3247: 3213: 3187: 3161: 3109:"Turning yellow cabs into gold" 2962: 2867: 2415: 2398:Transportation in New York City 2308:New York City Police Department 2056:& Toyota Highlander Hybrid 1086:, deployed to study the use of 645:New York City Police Department 6712:Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company 5483:"Taxi Cab Industry Statistics" 5212:Fabry, Merrill (May 2, 2017). 5103:. June 7, 2011. Archived from 4905:Motavalli, Jim (May 5, 2011). 4685:Newman, Andy (July 27, 2010). 4238:Kennedy, Randy (May 1, 2002). 3879:Wolff, Craig (July 11, 1992). 3831:. October 4, 1970. p. 196 3462:Ley, Ana (November 17, 2022). 2624: 2361:New York Taxi Workers Alliance 1005:Finalists For Taxi of Tomorrow 608:taxicab workers went on strike 575:, Checker Cabs produced large 13: 1: 5708:(archived link, June 7, 1997) 5467:Loh, Edward (April 4, 2012). 4840:. Gizmag.com. August 28, 2013 2431: 2250: 2241: 784:The same year, the TLC began 649:New York State peace officers 484:. The company then built the 452: 53:. Those painted apple green ( 5719:"NY's Taxi Medallion System" 5644:Yakas, Ben (April 1, 2016). 5587:"TLC Industry Notice #18-04" 5186:Hinds, Kate (June 6, 2013). 4503:"New Cab Plan Curbs Hybrids" 4295:Crow, Kelly (June 1, 2003). 4219:. Condé Nast. pp. 72–77 3712:Ellis, Edward Robb (2005) . 3531:PBS and WNET (August 2001). 2313: 1700:& Hyundai Sonata Hybrid 7: 6812:Transportation Alternatives 6546:Access to the Region's Core 6352:MTA Regional Bus Operations 4753:"Meet The Taxi Of Tomorrow" 3294:. Accessed October 2, 2007. 2691:"The State of the NYC Taxi" 2375: 1912:RWD EV & Long Range EV 975:United States Supreme Court 162:street hail livery vehicles 132: 55:street hail livery vehicles 10: 6919: 6898:Taxis of the United States 6875: 5383:"Yellow Cab Hack-Up – TLC" 5358:"Yellow Cab Hack-Up – TLC" 5301:"Yellow Cab Hack-Up – TLC" 4872:November 10, 2011, at the 3589:"How Does Your City Fare?" 2751:"Your guide to Boro Taxis" 2024:& Toyota Camry Hybrid 1142: 606:In 1949, several thousand 442: 270: 6873: 6825: 6802:Regional Plan Association 6784: 6744: 6732:Manhattan Railway Company 6722:Independent Subway System 6699: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6621: 6589:Brooklyn–Queens Connector 6581: 6538: 6490: 6479: 6430:Haverstraw–Ossining Ferry 6407: 6329: 5544:Crain's New York Business 4465:October 18, 2007, at the 2321:illegal taxicab operation 2138:& Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 1778:& Lincoln MKZ Hybrid 1568:& Ford Fusion Hybrid 1455:side entry(BraunAbility) 1426:rear entry(BraunAbility) 1227: 1224: 354:app, using technology by 229:2000 United States Census 166:central business district 6604:Staten Island light rail 6389:Roosevelt Island Tramway 4026:NewYorkWritesItself.com/ 2408: 2168:Toyota Sienna Accessible 1398:(TransitWorks/Driverge) 1311:Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 1168: 1129:Toyota Highlander Hybrid 1100:hybrid electric vehicles 926:greenhouse gas emissions 710: 674: 662:In the 1970s and 1980s, 626: 613: 582: 529:Electric Vehicle Company 482:Electric Vehicle Company 388: 6860:Mass Transit Super Bowl 6707:Board of Transportation 6251:"Taxicab Factbook 2014" 5800:The New York Times blog 4937:. Mother Nature Network 4859:"Taxis For All to Hold 4731:"Taxi of Tomorrow Home" 4508:The Wall Street Journal 3800:"Car Services – NYC311" 3591:. Chicagodispatcher.com 3564:"NYC TAXICAB FACT BOOK" 548:Social hygiene movement 383:East Village, Manhattan 4331:. 2009. Archived from 3286:June 22, 2006, at the 3113:The Real Deal New York 3059:. 2016. Archived from 2364: 2285: 2260: 1214: 1204: 1179:Rules of New York City 1154: 732: 720: 664:crime in New York City 659: 658:Lineup of cabs in 1973 600:Fiorello H. La Guardia 577:yellow and black taxis 524: 466: 280: 185:commuter "dollar vans" 149: 34: 6853:Staten Island Railway 6807:Straphangers Campaign 6435:Newburgh–Beacon Ferry 6399:Staten Island Railway 6342:Long Island Rail Road 5780:. The New York Times. 5619:"Current SHL Permits" 5338:on September 27, 2018 4891:May 13, 2011, at the 3320:Mathew, Biju (2008). 2358: 2283: 2258: 1210: 1200: 1152: 897:By the mid-2010s the 861:was a popular choice. 726: 718: 657: 647:. TLC Inspectors are 552:Committee of Fourteen 519: 460: 318:undercover operations 316:. The TLC undertakes 278: 140: 111:ridesharing companies 57:, commonly known as " 32: 6609:Interborough Express 6573:Staten Island Tunnel 6518:Second Avenue Subway 6369:New York City Subway 6347:Metro-North Railroad 5565:"Current Medallions" 2726:"Street Hail Livery" 2703:on December 25, 2010 2390:New York City portal 1802:Mercedes-Benz Metris 1726:EV, Hybrid and PHEV 1617:Ford Transit Connect 1338:Hybrid (Revability) 1193:Approved taxi models 1034:Ford Transit Connect 945:since 2010, and the 943:Toyota Camry Hybrids 343:Carmel released its 6762:New York Water Taxi 6679:Bridges and Tunnels 6599:Penn Station Access 6513:Moynihan Train Hall 6491:Currently operating 6420:Bridges and tunnels 6394:Staten Island Ferry 6267:on October 24, 2018 6107:Wall Street Journal 5625:on October 23, 2013 5485:. September 5, 2016 4818:on November 6, 2011 4787:Wall Street Journal 4365:on February 7, 2011 4002:. November 17, 2011 3443:. September 3, 2012 3044:"2016 TLC Factbook" 2982:. February 20, 2014 2970:"Commuter Van Base" 2916:Schaller Consulting 2831:on October 24, 2018 2423:Ambulance#Ambulette 1480:Dodge Grand Caravan 1153:A green "boro taxi" 987:Ford Crown Victoria 934:Ford Crown Victoria 899:Toyota Camry Hybrid 750:Ford Crown Victoria 729:Ford Crown Victoria 251:; 9% each from the 6757:Liberty Water Taxi 6752:Hornblower Cruises 6566:Program for Action 6551:AirTrain LaGuardia 6498:7 Subway Extension 6357:Select Bus Service 6052:The New York Times 5990:"Trip Record Data" 5961:The New York Times 5869:The New York Times 5742:Daus, Matthew W.; 5656:on August 31, 2017 5439:The New York Times 5269:The New York Times 5173:The New York Times 5132:The New York Times 5073:The New York Times 5045:The New York Times 5017:The New York Times 4876:, November 2, 2011 4717:The New York Times 4691:The New York Times 4665:The New York Times 4639:The New York Times 4591:. October 14, 2009 4589:Green Car Congress 4564:The New York Times 4538:The New York Times 4485:The New York Times 4437:The New York Times 4407:"New Taxicab Logo" 4393:The New York Times 4338:on August 11, 2010 4301:The New York Times 4271:The New York Times 4244:The New York Times 4213:"Thin Yellow Line" 4211:(April 18, 2011). 4209:Widdicombe, Lizzie 4183:The New York Times 4144:The New York Times 4112:The New York Times 3953:. October 28, 1993 3918:The New York Times 3885:The New York Times 3856:The New York Times 3829:The New York Times 3539:on August 27, 2001 3468:The New York Times 3226:The New York Times 3066:on August 18, 2016 2949:The New York Times 2783:The New York Times 2637:The New York Times 2594:The New York Times 2548:The New York Times 2502:The New York Times 2453:"Taken for a Ride" 2365: 2330:The New York Times 2286: 2261: 1215: 1205: 1155: 914:Ford Escape Hybrid 859:Ford Escape Hybrid 744:ceased making the 733: 721: 682:Dominican Republic 660: 565:Ford Motor Company 525: 512:Early 20th century 467: 428:Chicago Dispatcher 281: 249:Dominican Republic 150: 35: 6885: 6884: 6780: 6779: 6740: 6739: 6622:Traffic proposals 6617: 6616: 5744:Michael Bloomberg 3973:"TLC – NYC Rules" 3920:. July 11, 1992. 3725:978-0-7867-1436-0 3175:on March 22, 2017 3147:New York Magazine 2334:predatory lending 2222: 2221: 2054:Toyota Highlander 1366:(FR Conversions) 1364:Chrysler Pacifica 1336:Chrysler Pacifica 1187:school bus yellow 1159:for-hire vehicles 1111:is available for 1084:charging stations 918:Michael Bloomberg 786:Operation Refusal 767:Chevrolet Venture 550:, especially the 174:LaGuardia Airport 79:LaGuardia Airport 18:New York City cab 16:(Redirected from 6910: 6659: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6503:East Side Access 6488: 6487: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6293: 6292: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6260:. Archived from 6255: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6072: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5952: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5932:Business Insider 5923: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5897: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5860: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5828: 5820: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5778:City Room (blog) 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5748:"Medallion Sale" 5739: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5677: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5652:. Archived from 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5599:on June 12, 2018 5598: 5591: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5506: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5337: 5330: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5297: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5151:Capital New York 5142: 5136: 5135: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5107:on June 11, 2011 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4930: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4909:. PluginCars.com 4902: 4896: 4883: 4877: 4865:Taxi of Tomorrow 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4476: 4470: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4361:. Archived from 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4337: 4326: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4153: 4151: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4121: 4119: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3951:Orlando Sentinel 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3804:City of New York 3796: 3790: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3666:"Early Electric" 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3617:on July 18, 2011 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3560: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3535:. 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Archived from 2448: 2425: 2419: 2392: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2289:Numbering system 1453:Chrysler Voyager 1424:Chrysler Voyager 1396:Chrysler Voyager 1285:Chevrolet Malibu 1260:Chevrolet Impala 1222: 1221: 1134: 1126: 1118: 1114: 1046: 1030: 1013: 981:Taxi of Tomorrow 930:Lincoln Town Car 894: 872: 854: 837:2000s to present 788:, an undercover 589:Great Depression 375:Upper West Sides 322:racial profiling 197:Lincoln Town Car 141:A livery car on 21: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6869: 6821: 6776: 6736: 6695: 6643: 6613: 6594:Gateway Program 6582:Proposed/Future 6577: 6534: 6483: 6481: 6475: 6408:Private transit 6403: 6325: 6320: 6283: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244:Further reading 6241: 6231: 6229: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6141:Washington Post 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6073: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5953: 5946: 5936: 5934: 5924: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5898: 5891: 5881: 5879: 5861: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5839:. December 2014 5826: 5822: 5821: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5792: 5785: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5678: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5536: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5507: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5184: 5180: 5165: 5158: 5143: 5139: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5008: 5004: 4994: 4992: 4990:Automotive News 4982: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4931: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4903: 4899: 4893:Wayback Machine 4884: 4880: 4874:Wayback Machine 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4779: 4775: 4764: 4760: 4755:. Autoblog.com. 4751: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4657: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4530: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4499: 4492: 4477: 4473: 4467:Wayback Machine 4458: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4385: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4324: 4322:"Annual Report" 4320: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4293: 4289: 4276: 4274: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4206: 4202: 4188: 4186: 4174: 4170: 4149: 4147: 4135: 4131: 4117: 4115: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4035:on July 5, 2014 4028:Wayback Machine 4020: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3877: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3686:Alfred, Randy. 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3529: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3434: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3318: 3314: 3302: 3298: 3288:Wayback Machine 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3141: 3140: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3002: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2941: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2910: 2909: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2775: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2641: 2639: 2629: 2625: 2612: 2610: 2585: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2539: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2493: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2449: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2353: 2316: 2291: 2253: 2244: 2170: 1674:Hyundai Ioniq 5 1218: 1195: 1171: 1147: 1141: 1132: 1124: 1116: 1112: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1022: 1020: 1014: 983: 922:hybrid vehicles 906: 905: 904: 903: 902: 895: 886: 885: 884: 873: 864: 863: 862: 855: 844: 842:Changes to cabs 839: 814:First Amendment 790:sting operation 754:Hurricane Sandy 713: 677: 629: 616: 598:In 1937, Mayor 585: 545:Progressive Era 537:First World War 514: 455: 450: 448:Medallion taxis 445: 435:and $ 12.87 in 391: 379:Astoria, Queens 335:In March 2010, 273: 143:Richmond Avenue 135: 63:Upper Manhattan 47:medallion taxis 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6916: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6883: 6882: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6494: 6492: 6485: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6330:Public transit 6327: 6326: 6319: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6282: 6281:External links 6279: 6278: 6277: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6239: 6213: 6187: 6161: 6127: 6093: 6064: 6038: 6012: 5981: 5944: 5918: 5889: 5850: 5812: 5783: 5764: 5731: 5710: 5698: 5667: 5636: 5610: 5578: 5556: 5527: 5496: 5474: 5459: 5425: 5399: 5374: 5349: 5317: 5292: 5281: 5255: 5230: 5204: 5178: 5156: 5137: 5118: 5100:New York Press 5086: 5058: 5030: 5002: 4976: 4948: 4920: 4897: 4878: 4851: 4829: 4799: 4773: 4766:Bloomberg.com 4758: 4744: 4722: 4703: 4677: 4651: 4625: 4602: 4576: 4550: 4521: 4490: 4471: 4449: 4423: 4398: 4376: 4349: 4313: 4287: 4256: 4230: 4217:The New Yorker 4200: 4168: 4129: 4097: 4071: 4046: 4013: 3985: 3964: 3938: 3905: 3868: 3842: 3816: 3791: 3766: 3755:. July 8, 2012 3738: 3724: 3704: 3678: 3657: 3646:. July 8, 2007 3628: 3602: 3580: 3550: 3514: 3488: 3454: 3425: 3420:"Gett Website" 3411: 3385: 3359: 3337: 3331:978-0801474392 3330: 3312: 3296: 3272: 3246: 3212: 3186: 3160: 3149:. June 8, 2012 3125: 3096: 3077: 3022: 2993: 2961: 2928: 2900: 2866: 2842: 2795: 2764: 2739: 2714: 2674: 2652: 2623: 2574: 2528: 2482: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2377: 2374: 2352: 2349: 2341:ADA-accessible 2315: 2312: 2296:license plates 2290: 2287: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2111:Toyota Prius V 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698:Hyundai Sonata 1694: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1212:Toyota Prius V 1194: 1191: 1170: 1167: 1165:the airports. 1143:Main article: 1140: 1137: 1109:Toyota Prius v 1056: 1055: 1048: 1041: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1023: 1015: 1008: 1006: 982: 979: 947:Toyota Prius V 896: 889: 888: 887: 881:Toyota Prius V 874: 867: 866: 865: 856: 849: 848: 847: 846: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 810:Bhairavi Desai 712: 709: 676: 673: 628: 625: 615: 612: 584: 581: 561:General Motors 513: 510: 461:This ca. 1904 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 433:West Hollywood 408:Newark Airport 390: 387: 377:of Manhattan; 367: 366: 359: 348: 341: 337:Sense Networks 290:outer boroughs 272: 269: 259:; and 6% from 134: 131: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6915: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6879: 6872: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785:Organizations 6783: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6508:Fulton Center 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6478: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6312: 6310: 6305: 6303: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6228: 6224: 6217: 6202: 6198: 6191: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6069: 6053: 6049: 6042: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5949: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5790: 5788: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5736: 5720: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5687: 5686:Bloomberg.com 5683: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5566: 5560: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5532: 5516: 5515:New York Post 5512: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5484: 5478: 5471:. MotorTrend. 5470: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5334: 5327: 5321: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5285: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5161: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5090: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5006: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4882: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4839: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4769: 4762: 4754: 4748: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4613: 4610:Gober, Fred. 4606: 4590: 4586: 4580: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4526: 4514:September 23, 4510: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4381: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4284: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4158:Lethal Weapon 4146: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4101: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3974: 3968: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3873: 3857: 3853: 3846: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3708: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3667: 3661: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3590: 3584: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3538: 3534: 3533:"Taxi Dreams" 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3421: 3415: 3400: 3399:New York Post 3396: 3389: 3374: 3373:New York Post 3370: 3363: 3347: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3324:. 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Founded by 570: 566: 562: 557: 556: 553: 549: 546: 542: 538: 532: 530: 523: 518: 509: 507: 506:Panic of 1907 501: 499: 495: 489: 487: 483: 479: 476: 472: 464: 459: 440: 438: 434: 430: 429: 423: 419: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 364: 360: 357: 353: 349: 346: 342: 338: 334: 333: 332: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 301: 297: 293: 291: 287: 277: 268: 264: 262: 258: 254: 253:United States 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 221: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 198: 194: 190: 186: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 154:commuter vans 148: 147:Staten Island 144: 139: 130: 127: 123: 118: 114: 112: 107: 102: 100: 96: 95:commuter vans 92: 88: 87:Staten Island 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 51:five boroughs 48: 44: 40: 39:New York City 31: 27: 19: 6482:construction 6337:AirTrain JFK 6271:November 14, 6269:. Retrieved 6262:the original 6257: 6232:November 22, 6230:. Retrieved 6226: 6216: 6206:November 22, 6204:. Retrieved 6200: 6190: 6180:November 22, 6178:. 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Infotaxi 4442:August 29, 4369:August 16, 4277:October 7, 4189:October 7, 4150:October 7, 4118:August 20, 3621:August 28, 3595:August 28, 3015:August 12, 2788:August 24, 2613:August 11, 2432:References 2403:Yellow cab 2300:boro taxis 2251:Medallions 2242:Crash test 1133:US$ 41,410 1127:) and the 1125:US$ 46,310 1113:US$ 26,650 1082:and their 819:60 Minutes 690:Bangladesh 641:ambulettes 639:vehicles ( 486:Electrobat 453:Late 1890s 371:Upper East 345:Mobile App 327:There are 286:Boro taxis 237:South Asia 233:Bangladesh 189:limousines 99:ambulettes 59:boro taxis 6648:Operators 6469:Boro taxi 6447:Citi Bike 6442:Bicycling 6379:NYC Ferry 6362:Bus lanes 6149:0190-8286 6115:0099-9660 6081:The Verge 6031:March 20, 6005:March 20, 5974:March 20, 5969:0362-4331 5937:March 20, 5877:0362-4331 5843:March 20, 5724:March 20, 5660:April 20, 5650:Gothamist 5603:April 20, 5571:April 20, 5549:March 20, 5520:March 20, 5489:March 20, 5452:March 20, 5447:0362-4331 5342:March 14, 5274:March 25, 5248:March 25, 5223:March 25, 5197:March 20, 4995:April 10, 4792:March 20, 4733:. 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