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663:, and several Back Bay homes. In some ways Tiffany was an expected choice to redecorate Old South. He followed many of the ideas of John Ruskin; he believed in the dignity and importance of the human hand and eye in the decorative arts. Yet Tiffany arrived at Old South at a time when his gilded age style had begun a decline. A new wave of neoclassicism called
787:. The Bay Psalm Book, printed in 1640 by Stephen Daye, "was the first book printed in the what became the United States." Until 2013, when one copy was sold at auction to David Rubenstein, Old South Church owned two of the eleven first-edition copies. Old South Church's copy of the Bay Psalm Book is currently housed in the Rare Books Department of the
704:, a second renovation of the Sanctuary took place. The mid-20th-century renovation largely ignored the architectural history of the church. Louis Comfort Tiffany's paint and stenciling was obscured by a coat of light gray paint, and the purple Tiffany glass installed over the stained glass was removed. The
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of God. The limestone tracery of the west wall of the sanctuary, with its foliage and animals, combined with the highly carved foliated woodwork and the overhead representation of the nighttime sky was intended to echo God's creation. Above the doors on the east chancel walls are glass mosaics of the
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of Boston for the
Municipal Auditorium Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota, and brought to the church in 1985 when that building was demolished. Originally 82 ranks and 5,728 pipes, it now has 115 ranks and 7,625 pipes ranging from 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) to 32 feet (9.8 m) in length. The church
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under minister Jacob
Manning. Though the congregation was not entirely abolitionist, it strongly supported the Union cause. The conclusion of the Civil War was followed by an expansive time of increased inclusion for the congregation. Under minister George Angier Gordon the congregation moved from
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style were replacing
Victorian ornament with a simpler classicism. Theodore Roosevelt's 1902 White House renovation removed all of the Tiffany influence. In Tiffany's redecoration, Old South's stained glass windows were covered by insets of translucent tinted purple glass. The original polychrome
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The organ console is located behind the pulpit and is on a hydraulic platform so that it may be raised for concerts and recessed for worship services. The organ's pipes are located behind and to the right and left of the chancel and also at the back of the rear balcony above the entrance to the
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In 1984 a research-driven restoration was begun. The period of the building's construction was adopted, using old photographs and engravings as sources, and paint analysis to replicate original colors, the interior spaces were returned closely to their 1875 appearance. Walls were repainted rose
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background with overlays of ochre, bay leaf green, warm gray, and persimmon, and highlights of metallic gold. Most of the interior structure, except for the carved wood frieze along the balconies, was already in place by 1875. High above the crossing of the transepts and nave is the lantern, or
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above the tower's front doors. That mosaic was relocated to the vestibule when the tower was rebuilt 1922-1937. The combined effect was extremely rich; at once a spiritual and sensuous experience, and in great contrast to the chaste interior of Old South
Meeting House on Washington Street.
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Old South's commitment to urban ministry and care continued on into the 20th century becoming a segue for the inclusion of new members increasingly diverse by race, class, and sexual orientation. The congregation has formally adopted a platform of equality, social justice, and peace.
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in Venice. While the lantern provides a striking visual presence, it was also built with function in mind. In the days before mechanical fans and air conditioning, a series of mechanically operated louvers allowed for window panels to be opened to help cool the sanctuary inside.
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madder and the original
Cummings and Sears' stencil patterns were recreated. The cupola was reopened, once more admitting light to the Sanctuary below. Polychrome stenciling repeated the original palette of ochre, bay leaf green, warm gray, and persimmon with metallic gold.
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stenciled plaster walls were painted purple, then stenciled in a series of geometric patterns with metallic silver paint intended to appear as mother of pearl inlay. Similar to
Tiffany's work at Mark Twain's Hartford, Connecticut home, or his design for the White House's
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659:. Tiffany was a part of an emerging American view of design in the United States, increasingly taking fewer cues from Europe. Tiffany had decorated Mark Twain's home in Hartford, Connecticut, the state rooms at the
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576:. Hidden among the carved foliage that decorates the screen can be found a squirrel, lizard, owl, and snail. A similar theme of animals is also found in the carving of the building's exterior. The interior of the
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Cornerstone of Old South is inscribed with the dates of its three houses of worship: 1670 for the Cedar
Meeting House; 1730 for Old South Meeting House; and 1873 for the present Old South Church in Boston's Back
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The interior of Old South is exuberant yet quietly modulates the mix of rich materials: highly carved
Italian cherry woodwork, limestone, stenciled plaster, and stained glass. The sanctuary is entered from the
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Stylistically the 1875 interior was in harmony with the
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created a crack in the church's exterior and damage in the sanctuary. Out of fear that its use might cause further damage, the organ was not used from then until just before Easter in 2009.
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commonly called puddingstone. Many arches, and several walls of stone, are striped with alternating courses of yellow-beige and deep red sandstone. The porticos and large open arches in the
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in 1970 for its architectural significance as one of the finest High
Victorian Gothic churches in New England. It is home to one of the oldest religious communities in the United States.
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Centered above the Sanctuary on the east side of the church is a copper clad cupola surrounded by twelve ornate gothic arched windows. This feature is reminiscent of the cupolas of the
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When Old South's church opened in 1875 it looked very much as it does today, based upon the design of Cummings and Sears. The walls were decorated in
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to redecorate the sanctuary. Tiffany headed a group of artisans called the Associated Artists who worked largely in a style now described as the
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Old South Church in Boston remains one of the most significant examples of Ruskin's influence on American architecture. The architects,
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Established in 1669, Old South Church is one of the older religious communities in the United States. It was organized by
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had previously installed another Skinner organ in 1915; its successful inaugural concert series featured organists
676:. The resulting work at Old South was a highly ornamented visual experience, unified by a limited color palette.
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of the early 19th century, Old South was the sole Congregational Church in Boston to adhere to the doctrine of
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Sanctuary (32' and chamade). Ten ornately painted wooden pipes are mounted at the front of each side balcony.
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This article is about the church on Boylston Street. For the Puritan meeting house in Downtown Crossing, see
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in alternating bands of red and dark gray slate and the roofline finished with ornamental iron cresting.
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in the city). The Third Church's congregation met first in their Cedar Meeting House (1670), then at the
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at the east end of the church, behind the choir, is faced by a running screen of wooden arches with
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of the cupola was closed up. In some ways the removal of decoration recalled the congregation's
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style. The style follows the precepts of the British cultural theorist and architectural critic
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To date twenty ministers have served Old South's congregation as Senior Minister; they are:
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The church building was designed between 1870 and 1872 by the Boston architectural firm of
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1074:"Pipe Organ Database | The Ernest M. Skinner Co. (Opus 231, 1915) New Old South Church"
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The Diaries of John Hull, Mint-master and Treasurer of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay
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Old South Church is the owner of one of eleven remaining first-edition copies of the
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in Venice. The stained glass windows are by the English stained glass manufacturers
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Members of the congregation have included founders Edward Raynsford, Thomas Savage,
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location in 1875, occupying the present church constructed on newly filled land.
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National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts
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congregation first organized in 1669. Its present building was designed in the
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The New England Historical and Genealogical Register." Vols. 37-52, 1883-98.
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between 1935–1937. The church, which was built on newly filled land in the
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498:. The upper arches of the porticos are decorated with screens of ornate
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and was known as the Third Church (to distinguish it from the First and
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1821-1832 (departed in 1832 to become a Corresponding Secretary of the
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An Historical Catalogue History of the Old South Church (Third Church)
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Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
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Yale University Press, Penguin History of Art, Second edition: 1963.
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365:, a social justice society to serve Boston's urban poor. During the
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Waters, Henry Fritz-Gilbert. "Genealogical gleanings in England."
1060:"History of the Old South church (Third church) Boston, 1669-1884"
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History of the Old South Church (Third Church) Boston, 1669–1884.
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Houses of Boston's Back Bay: An Architectural History, 1840-1917.
1127:"Copley station project nears end; historic church plans repairs"
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In the early 1950s, possibly influenced by the minimalism of the
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through a screen carved in the Venetian Gothic style from French
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On the Boards: Drawings by Nineteenth-Century Boston Architects.
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and were produced in the style of 15th-century English glass.
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U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
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Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased).
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Houghton, Mifflin and Company, The Riverside Press: 1890.
1062:. Boston, New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1890.
1156:"Historic psalm book brings $ 14m for Old South Church"
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Published for the benefit of the Old South Fund: 1890.
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cupola. The ceiling of the lantern was painted a deep
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19th-century United Church of Christ church buildings
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of the sanctuary is based on the upper arcade of the
240:, completed in 1873, and amplified by the architects
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
638:. A third mosaic by Salviati originally hung in the
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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http://www.bpl.org/research/special/collections.htm
620:stenciling in shades of complex tertiary colors: a
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518:The lantern of Old South Church is inspired by the
486:. The exterior of the church is primarily built of
2004:Members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches
720:Old South Church's building was designated a U.S.
2034:Venetian Gothic architecture in the United States
2029:United Church of Christ churches in Massachusetts
1236:Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
1220:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: 1967.
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1994:Gothic Revival church buildings in Massachusetts
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1189:Boston Public Library, Special Collections List
629:with a pattern of gilded stars to represent the
1926:National Register of Historic Places portal
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768:In December 2008, construction at the adjacent
369:, Old South became a recruiting center for the
27:Historic church in Massachusetts, United States
2014:National Register of Historic Places in Boston
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586:lunettes adapted from the upper arcade of the
374:its meeting house at Washington Street to its
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1363:High Victorian Gothic architecture in America
958:List of National Historic Landmarks in Boston
1295:Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800–2000.
561:Main entrance and portico looking northeast.
1180:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing p. 140.
424:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1359:at the site of the United Church of Christ
1326:History of the Old South Church of Boston.
1014:National Historic Landmark summary listing
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939:The Old South Church at dusk, August 2015
444:Learn how and when to remove this message
56:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1099:"Ernest M. Skinner will be 90 Years Old"
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468:(1819–1900) as outlined in his treatise
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1267:University of Pennsylvania Press:1989.
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1016:. National Park Service. Archived from
917:Carl F. Schultz Jr. 2002-2005 (Interim)
357:. In 1816 Old South Church joined with
284:(1729) at the corner of Washington and
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1154:Jacques, Nicholas (27 November 2013).
1097:Skinner, Ernest M. (January 1, 1956).
983:"National Register Information System"
314:, Judith Quincy Hull and parishioners
2009:National Historic Landmarks in Boston
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1125:Rocheleau, Matt (14 September 2010).
1039:"NHL nomination for Old South Church"
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248:section of Boston, is located at 645
988:National Register of Historic Places
422:adding citations to reliable sources
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1352:Satellite image of Old South Church
1178:The Library: An Illustrated History
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1374:Old South Bell for Boston Marathon
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923:Rich Spalding 2022-2023 (Interim)
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1299:University of Massachusetts Press
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651:In 1905 the congregation engaged
1964:Bell towers in the United States
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908:Russell Henry Stafford 1927-1945
606:The narthex screen is carved of
598:1875 Cummings and Sears interior
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2019:Stone churches in Massachusetts
1368:Boston history and architecture
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484:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
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302:services at the church in 2017.
65:U.S. National Historic Landmark
1322:Hennessey & Ingalls: 1970.
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905:George Angier Gordon 1884-1927
864:John Hunt/John Bacon 1771-1775
278:Second Congregational Churches
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1278:Placzek, Adolf K. Macmillan.
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1989:Cummings and Sears buildings
1176:Murray, Stuart A.P. (2012).
1010:"Old South Church in Boston"
947:LGBTQ+ banners at the church
736:The church's present organ,
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37:United States historic place
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1969:Church buildings with domes
1889:National Historic Landmarks
1280:Encyclopedia of Architects.
1260:Private Distribution: 1883.
1256:Bigelow, George Frederick.
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914:James W. Crawford 1974-2002
911:Frederick M. Meek 1946-1973
886:Samuel H. Stearns 1834-1836
858:Alexander Cumming 1761-1763
742:E. M. Skinner & Company
716:Recognition and restoration
264:History of the congregation
10:
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1999:Landmarks in Copley Square
1974:Churches completed in 1874
1884:Cape Cod National Seashore
1339:Old South Church in Boston
1282:4 vols. Free Press: 1982.
1193:Retrieved October 23, 2016
895:Jacob M. Manning 1857-1882
848:At Old South Meeting House
722:National Historic Landmark
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494:are decorated with simple
258:National Historic Landmark
48:Old South Church in Boston
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1249:Hill, Hamilton Andrews.
1232:Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
757:, Charles Heinroth, and
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160:Architectural style
2024:Towers in Massachusetts
1357:Boston Old South Church
1041:. National Park Service
953:Old South Meeting House
867:Joseph Eckley 1779-1811
855:Thomas Prince 1730-1758
837:Joseph Sewall 1713-1769
282:Old South Meeting House
226:United Church of Christ
121:42.350194°N 71.078000°W
32:Old South Meeting House
1435:Keeper of the Register
1293:Shand-Tucci, Douglas.
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926:John M Edgerton 2023 -
861:Samuel Blair 1766-1769
812:At Cedar Meeting House
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256:. It was designated a
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1430:Contributing property
1216:Bunting, Bainbridge.
993:National Park Service
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789:Boston Public Library
740:was built in 1921 by
694:Doge's Palace, Venice
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653:Louis Comfort Tiffany
647:1905 Tiffany interior
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476:Charles Amos Cummings
471:The Stones of Venice.
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274:Boston's First Church
234:Charles Amos Cummings
149:Charles Amos Cummings
126:42.350194; -71.078000
546:Basilica of St. Mark
488:Roxbury Conglomerate
482:, also designed the
418:improve this section
363:City Mission Society
218:New Old South Church
18:New Old South Church
1263:O'Gorman, James F.
1078:Pipe Organ Database
995:. January 23, 2007.
900:At Old South Church
702:International Style
242:Allen & Collens
196:Designated NHL
117: /
1979:Churches in Boston
1341:: official website
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832:Ebenezer Pemberton
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367:American Civil War
359:Park Street Church
351:Unitarian Movement
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1566:Barnstable County
1440:Historic district
1318:Withey, Henry F.
1273:978-0-8122-1287-7
890:George W. Blagden
871:Joshua Huntington
530:A tall tower, or
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332:Benjamin Franklin
270:Congregationalist
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183:Significant dates
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1771:Norfolk County
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403:This section
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341:
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336:Samuel Sewall
333:
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328:William Dawes
325:
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317:
316:Daniel Quincy
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300:Christmas Eve
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261:
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254:Copley Square
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214:Massachusetts
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188:Added to NRHP
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93:Massachusetts
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19:
1857:southwestern
1852:northwestern
1613:Essex County
1345:
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1279:
1264:
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1177:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1134:. Retrieved
1131:Boston Globe
1130:
1120:
1111:
1107:The Diapason
1105:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1033:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1013:
986:
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782:
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735:
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719:
699:
690:choir screen
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581:
571:
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543:
531:
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500:wrought iron
470:
455:
440:
431:
416:Please help
404:
386:Architecture
380:
361:to form the
348:
324:Samuel Adams
305:
286:Milk Streets
267:
222:Third Church
221:
217:
205:
204:
1872:Other lists
1832:Southbridge
1712:Marlborough
1666:Springfield
1599:New Bedford
688:The wooden
661:White House
622:rose madder
466:John Ruskin
349:During the
124: /
112:71°4′40.8″W
109:42°21′0.7″N
100:Coordinates
1953:Categories
1762:Winchester
1737:Somerville
1697:Framingham
1625:Gloucester
1594:Fall River
1573:Barnstable
1480:Barnstable
1162:23 October
1083:2022-10-25
1045:2015-02-22
1024:2008-07-06
969:References
667:, and the
665:Beaux-Arts
618:polychrome
609:Caen stone
583:quatrefoil
371:Union Army
308:John Alden
1842:Worcester
1778:Brookline
1747:Wakefield
1702:Lexington
1687:Cambridge
1682:Arlington
1545:Worcester
1525:Nantucket
1520:Middlesex
1515:Hampshire
1485:Berkshire
1136:28 August
1114:(2): 1–2.
892:1836-1872
873:1808-1819
843:1718-1730
834:1700-1717
828:1678-1707
822:1670-1678
738:Opus 308,
724:in 1970.
631:firmament
612:limestone
533:campanile
510:Campanile
492:campanile
405:does not
312:John Hull
232:style by
145:Architect
1914:Category
1837:Uxbridge
1814:southern
1809:northern
1742:Stoneham
1732:Sherborn
1635:Lawrence
1549:northern
1535:Plymouth
1505:Franklin
1301:: 1999.
931:See also
674:Red Room
640:tympanum
376:Back Bay
246:Back Bay
177:70000690
85:Location
1879:Bridges
1847:eastern
1752:Waltham
1727:Reading
1717:Medford
1692:Concord
1645:Methuen
1630:Ipswich
1620:Andover
1604:Taunton
1578:Harwich
1540:Suffolk
1530:Norfolk
1510:Hampden
1490:Bristol
1379:YouTube
712:roots.
710:Puritan
578:chancel
568:narthex
540:Lantern
460:in the
426:removed
411:sources
1894:Boston
1804:Boston
1788:Quincy
1783:Milton
1757:Weston
1722:Newton
1707:Lowell
1423:Topics
1305:
1286:
1271:
1242:
1224:
1209:
706:oculus
504:roofed
338:, and
290:Boston
210:Boston
95:, U.S.
89:Boston
1650:Salem
1500:Essex
1495:Dukes
1102:(PDF)
732:Organ
137:Built
1640:Lynn
1381:2007
1303:ISBN
1297:The
1284:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1164:2016
1138:2014
804:Bay.
770:MBTA
478:and
409:any
407:cite
236:and
151:and
140:1873
1377:on
522:in
420:by
288:in
252:on
220:or
208:in
172:No.
1955::
1234:.
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441:(
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432:(
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414:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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