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poor) in April 1347, a year before the Black Death. A black bean was deposited for every male child baptized and a white bean deposited for every female child baptized in the
Florence Baptistry—from these baptisms the average annual birth rate was figured at 5,500 to 6,000. Villani pointed out that the newborn males often outnumbered the newborn females by 300 to 500 on each count. He noted that in his day the adult, male citizen population of the city was about 25,000 (those between the age of fifteen and seventy who could bear arms); 1,500 of these were noble and upper class citizens. Giovanni Villani stated that at all times there were about 1,500 foreigners, transients, and soldiers in the city.
340:, but the Uberti were "rebels of Florence and Ghibellines" and thus the plaza was intentionally laid upon the former location of their homes so they could never be rebuilt. According to Villani, the Uberti family was not even allowed to return to Florence. In planning for the large expanse of the plaza, the commune of Florence purchased the homes of citizens such as the Foraboschi family, so that they could be demolished to make room for construction. In fact, the main tower of the Palazzo was built upon a previously existing tower of the Foraboschi family known as "La Vacca" or "The Cow".
469:
195:, not by theme, but through year-to-year accounts; for this, he has gained criticism over the years for writing in an episodic manner lacking a unifying theme or point of view. Villani's chronicles are intercut with historical episodes reported just as he heard them, with little interpretation; this often led to historical inaccuracies in his work, making most of his mistakes in the biographies of historical or contemporary people living outside of Florence (even with well-known monarchs). However, his description of such events as the
444:...as long as the scarcity lasted, disregarding the heavy charge upon the public purse, it kept the price of the staio at half a gold florin although to affect this reduction it permitted the wheat to be mixed to one-fourth its volume with coarser grain. In spite of all the government did, the agitation of the people at the market of Or San Michele was so great that it was necessary to protect the officials by means of guards fitted out with ax and block to punish rioters on the spot with the loss of hands or feet.
490:, the leading magistrate of the city. This fire destroyed the roof of the palace and destroyed two-thirds of the entire structure from the ground floor up, prompting the government to rebuild the palatial residence totally out of stone, all the way up to the roof. On July 16 of that year the palace of the wool guild caught fire and everything from the ground floor up was destroyed, prompting the wool guild to reconstruct a new palatial residence on a larger scale and with stone
393:
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334:, to replace the town hall that was located in a house behind the church of San Brocolo. The new Palazzo Vecchio was to serve as a protective municipal palace for the priors and magistrates, shielding them from the factional strife of the Guelphs and Ghibellines as well as the brawls between the people and magnates over the renewal of the priors every two months. The Uberti family houses had formerly stood at the location of the new
503:
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And it was a disease in which there appeared certain swellings in the groin and under the armpit, and the victims spat blood, and in three days they were dead. And the priest who confessed the sick and those who nursed them so generally caught the infection that the victims were abandoned and deprived of confession, sacrament, medicine, and nursing. . .And many lands and cities were made desolate. And this plague lasted till. . .
42:
349:
Villani is quick to add that those who spent too much on the lavish excesses of continuous remodelling and refurnishing of homes were sinners and could be "considered crazy because of their extravagant spending". Villani also describes the growing trend in the early 14th century of affluent
Florentine citizens building large country homes far outside the walls of Florence, in the hills of
533:
collapsed with the exception of two of its arches, while the TrinitĂ bridge collapsed except for one pier and one arch located towards the church of the Santa TrinitĂ . The Ponte
Vecchio—save the two central piers—was swept away when huge logs in the rushing water became clogged around it, allowing the water to build and leap over the arches, states Villani. There was an old statue of
290:, one that did not fit the greatness of their city, and so agreed in 1296 to expand and renew the building. A new foundation was laid in September of that year, adding new marble and sculptural figures. Villani mentions the cardinal legate sent by the Pope in Rome who laid the first stone of the foundation, a significant event since it was the first
792:. He states that a third of this sum "remained in the land" as a reward for labor, while 30,000 people lived from this sum of money. Giovanni notes that earlier in Florence there were actually 300 workshops producing 100,000 pieces of cloth annually, but these were of coarser quality and lesser value (before the importation and knowledge of
814:
cloth) annually imported 10,000 pieces of cloth worth 300,000 gold florins; these were sold on the streets of
Florence, while a large but unknown amount was exported back out of Florence. There was a large flux of international traders entering Florence, so much so that Villani states all attempts at
532:
more than two hundred years before, have scratched lines to this day indicating the water level reached by the flood in 1333. Villani further claims that the height of the flood water in the courtyard of the commune's palace (residence of the podestĂ ) reached 3 m (10 ft). The
Carraia bridge
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bridge, destroying all twenty shops located on the bridge. Villani notes that this was a heavy loss to local craftsmen of
Florence, while two craftsman apprentices died in the fire. On September 12 of that same year a fire broke out at the household of the Soldanieri, killing six people in a house of
348:
Villani boasts of
Florence's pristine architecture in its monasteries and churches, as well as its ornate houses and beautiful palaces. His opinion is clear even in the title of the chapter he devotes to this topic, "More on the greatness and status and magnificence of the city of Florence". However,
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And of eight
Genoese galleys which had gone to the Black Sea only four returned, full of infected sailors, who were smitten one after the other on the return journey. And all who arrived at Genoa died, and they corrupted the air to such an extent that whoever came near the bodies died shortly after.
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for covering events of
Florence's earliest history; hence he adopted some of the highly questionable legendary accounts as true historical events. Although Villani's work is most reliable when it comes to historical events that occurred within his lifetime, there are some factual errors even in the
861:
of 1231, provided little substantive or factual material, relying instead on legendary accounts and not venturing to analyze their historicity or question their validity. The historian
Nicolai Rubinstein called Villani's chronicle a much more "mature expression" of validated Florentine history, yet
703:
Villani states that the whole population of Florence—men, women, and children—in reference to the years 1336 to 1338, was estimated to be 90,000 due to the amount of bread needed daily. Villani recorded an exact figure of 94,000 residents (which he says was very reliable data that included even the
423:
to turn away any beggars who approached their towns because they could not provide them with food. Villani reports that Florence did not turn away beggars, but cared for anyone who approached the city and was in need of immediate subsistence. According to Villani, the Florentines sought grain from
689:
Giovanni Villani recorded many statistics associated with the city of Florence. This included—but certainly wasn't limited to—figures such as 80 banks located in the city, 146 bakeries, 80 members in an association of city judges with 600 notaries, 60 some physicians and surgical doctors, and 100
828:
that stated anyone who did not belong to a guild or a council of the captain of the people were to be barred from serving as priors, standard-bearers of justice, or judges. This effectively excluded the powerful magnates of the city from holding important offices, while a prison for magnates was
452:
to mitigate this effects of this disaster. In order to save their own funds and calm the rage of the riotous poor, all the baker's ovens in the city were requisitioned by the commune and a loaf of bread weighing 170 g (6 oz) was then sold at a meager four pennies. This price was fixed in
823:
Villani states that there were only 75 full-dress knights in his day and not 250 knights as in the previous government of Florence, because the popular second government denied the magnates much of their authority and status, "hence few persons were knighted." In 1293,
682:
125:, Villani described in detail the many building projects of the city, statistical information on population, ordinances, commerce and trade, education, and religious facilities. He also described several disasters such as famines, floods, fires, and the
379:
the Count of Battifolle reside. Villani writes in 1316 that Robert's vicar oversaw the construction of a large part of the new palace, which would suggest Robert's vicar had a great amount of influence in the construction of the eastern addition of the
520:. He wrote that by nightfall the eastern wall of the city that was damming the water became damaged and then washed away in the flood, allowing the flood waters to breach and fill the city streets. He claims that the water rose above the altar in the
871:
writes that Villani's interest and elaboration in economic details, statistical information, and political and psychological insight signifies him as a more modern late medieval chronicler of Europe. However, he adds that Villani's reliance upon
796:
wool). Giovanni noted that the rise of the Florentine wool industry in the 13th century came about with this shift from producing a mass of cheap woolen products to high-margin luxury fabrics produced in limited qualities with high demand.
264:. Villani estimated that 2,500 Florentine troops were killed and 1,500 captured during the battle, which Roberta J.M. Olson states are conservative numbers in regards to subsequent historians writing of the battle's casualties.
694:
of grain while the city annually consumed 4,000 oxen and calves, 60,000 mutton and sheep, 20,000 goats, and 30,000 pigs. He wrote that annually, in the month of July, some 4,000 melons were imported through Porta San Friano.
712:
Besides population statistics, Villani also offered statistics on education. He wrote that boys and girls learning to read numbered 8,000 to 10,000 each year. There were 1,000 to 1,200 children learning to use the
308:(bell tower) of the cathedral, the first stone placed by the bishop of Florence in front of an audience of clergy, priors, and other magistrates. Villani notes that the commune chose "our fellow-citizen
788:
of wool merchants and entrepreneurs in the woolen industry) of Florence. He states that these workshops produced some 70,000 to 80,000 pieces of cloth a year, with a total worth of 1,200,000
841:
by Villani stands as a milestone achievement in the history of European chronicles. Mark Phillips writes that Villani's account provided the basis for the historical works of
1515:
Green, Louis, "Chronicle into History : An Essay on the Interpretation of History in Florentine Fourteenth-Century Chronicles", Cambridge University Press, 1972, p. 9-43
980:
1651:
117:
and universal pardon). Villani realized that Rome's many historical achievements were well-known and desired to lay out a history of the origins of his own city of
208:
286:; he notes that by 1296 conditions were once again in a "tranquil state". He states that the citizens of Florence were discontented with the small stature of
889:
1656:
1679:
778:
Besides religious facilities, Villani also provided information on commerce and trade. He states that there were about 200 workshops overseen by the
721:
for mathematics. In the four large, prestigious schools of Florence, there were always 550 to 600 students in attendance to learn proper grammar and
191:
to 1264. The second phase, in six books, covers the history from 1264 until his own time, all the way up to 1346. Villani outlines the events in his
733:
Villani also offered statistics on religious and health facilities. The total number of churches in Florence and its suburbs was 110—including 57
294:
to visit Florence. Villani relates that for the construction of the church, it was required of the Commune of Florence that a subsidy of four
1689:
244:
was a major setback to the historical progress of the Republic of Florence. In this civil war, the Guelphs were a faction united with the
1470:
Money, Banking, and Credit in Medieval Bruges: Italian Merchant-Bankers, Lombards, and Money-Changers, A Study in the Origins of Banking
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also has its limitations, mostly with relying on inaccurate accounts of eras preceding its compilation. Earlier chronicles, such as the
829:
built in 1294, and Giovanni Villani writes that the first magnates punished for failing to adhere to these ordinances were the Galli.
1709:
1596:
1484:
187:
is divided into twelve books; the first six deal with the largely legendary history of Florence, starting at conventionally
1512:
Green, Louis, article "VILLANI", in Christopher Kleinhenz (dir.), Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia, London, Routledge, 2004.
1684:
440:. Villani writes of the bread riots of the poor who could not afford a whole staio of wheat with their meager salaries:
215:
represented a departure from medieval chronicles in that a more modernistic approach was taken in describing events and
1694:
106:
320:
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656:, and "from there soon reached all the shores of the mainland". Relating the course of events and the sailors from
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consideration that poor workers who made only eight to twelve pennies a day could now buy enough bread to survive.
249:
1704:
17:
1626:
Villani's Chronicle: Being Selections from the First Nine Books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani
1580:
Rubinstein, Nicolai. "The Beginnings of Political Thought in Florence. A Study in Mediaeval Historiography,"
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during the year 1347, which killed an estimated 4,000 people in Florence a year before the Bubonic Plague.
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and transporting all the way to Florence at great expense. Florence also sought aid and food supplies from
1674:
1573:
Phillips, Mark. "Machiavelli, Guicciardini, and the Tradition of Vernacular Historiography in Florence,"
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Villani was unable to complete this last sentence, since he himself died of the plague while writing the
33:
815:
creating market fairs in the early 14th century failed because "there always is a market in Florence."
745:, and 30 hospitals with over 1,000 beds to offer to the sick and dying. Overall there were 250 to 350
1548:
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aligned him more with the medieval tradition of chroniclers than the more credible historians of the
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that stood on a pedestal near the Ponte Vecchio, but this too was taken by the flood along the Arno.
312:" as the designer of the tower, a man who was "the most sovereign master of painting in his time".
173:
1490:
Elliott, Janis. "The Judgement of the Commune: The Frescoes of the Magdalen Chapel in Florence,"
237:
1602:
Spilner, Paula. "Giovanni di Lapo Ghini and a Magnificent New Addition to the Palazzo Vecchio,"
1699:
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According to Villani, in 1299, the commune and people of Florence laid the foundation for the
1591:. Danvers: Rosemont Printing & Publishing Corp; Cranbury: Associated University Presses.
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There was a famine in 1328 which not only devastated Florence, but caused the people of
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1555:. Edited by Richard Britnell and John Hatcher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century: Discipline, Tactics, and Technology
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101:(c. 1276 or 1280–1348). The idea came to him in the year 1300, after attending
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Villani also describes in vivid detail the effects of another widespread famine in
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849:. Villani's extensive work has also allowed for greater study of his contemporary
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with two priors and 80 monks each, 24 nunneries with some 500 women, 10 orders of
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145:(until 1364) after his death. It has been described as the first introduction of
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on each libra be paid out of the city treasury in addition to a head-tax of two
256:. According to Villani, the Florentine Guelphs' last stand was in defending the
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550:
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carpenters and a blacksmith that was located near the church of Santa TrinitĂ .
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138:
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27:
14th-century historical record of Florence, Italy; written by Giovanni Villani
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Villani states that by noon on Thursday, November 4, 1333, a flood along the
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Villani describes the rebuilding of Florence after the 1293 rebellion of one
200:
1553:
Progress and Problems in Medieval England: Essays in Honour of Edward Miller
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1628:. Translated by Rose E. Selfe. London: Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd.
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columns. Bartlett notes that these columns, presented to Florence by the
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1566:
Olson, Roberta J.M. "An Early Drawing by Luigi Sabatelli Rediscovered,"
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1463:
The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature
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216:
146:
50:
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57:; by the 16th century, there were multiple versions of the Cronica in
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some shops and dealers of spices. Each week the city consumed 13,200
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304:
272:
164:
80:
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The Building of Renaissance Florence: An Economic and Social History
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Vauchez, André, Richard Barrie Dobson and Michael Lapidge. (2000).
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Villani states that the commune of Florence spent more than 60,000
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in Rome, while the Ghibellines were allied with the descendants of
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On June 23, 1331, a fire broke out toward the left bank of the
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A 14th-century illuminated manuscript version of the chronicle
399:, where the Florentines imported emergency food supplies from
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for each adult male. On July 18, 1334, work began on the new
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in 1348, which would take his own life. Villani's work on the
1640:
Online English translation of selections of the Nuova Cronica
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in 1348 was much more widespread amongst the inhabitants of
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On February 28, 1332, a fire broke out in the palace of the
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BAV Chigiano L VIII 296, dating to the time of composition.
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who brought the plague to mainland Europe, Villani writes:
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102:
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981:
Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
596:. He notes that the Black Death also killed many more in
110:
1604:
The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
890:
List of literary descriptions of cities (before 1550)
260:, a chariot which symbolized the independence of the
344:
Trend of building country homes, early 14th century
199:in 1346 was fairly accurate according to historian
1030:
1028:
1501:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
1333:
1331:
1183:
1181:
612:and in places "beyond the sea", across the whole
141:(from April 1348 until July 1363) and his nephew
1666:
1533:Lopez, Robert S. and Irving W. Raymond. (2001).
1433:The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History
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1582:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
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219:, yet still medieval in that Villani relied on
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371:(1277–1343) had the eastern part of the
32:"Cronica" redirects here. For other uses, see
1472:. Cambridge: The Medieval Academy of America.
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250:Emperor Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire
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979:Villani, Giovanni. Encyclopædia Britannica.
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1606:(Volume 52, Number 4, 1993): 453–465.
1570:(Volume 35, Number 3, 1997): 289–292.
1418:The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance
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1448:Dante, the Critical Heritage, 1314(?)-1870
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375:in Florence constructed, where he had his
61:as well as in illuminated manuscript form.
1535:Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World
1046:
950:
463:
357:Works sponsored by Robert of Naples, 1316
93:linear format and written by the Italian
1680:14th century in the Republic of Florence
1613:. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
1465:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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806:(importers, refinishers, and sellers of
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236:In his Cronica, Villani writes that the
163:
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1537:. New York: Columbia University Press.
867:contemporary biographies he presented.
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524:, reaching over half the height of the
14:
1667:
540:
1650:(ed. Giovanni Porta, 3 vols., Parma:
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1690:14th-century illuminated manuscripts
1577:(Volume 84, Number 1, 1979): 86–105.
560:Villani describes how the plague of
1494:(61 Bd, H. 4, 1998): 509–519.
1420:. Toronto: D.C. Heath and Company.
226:
24:
774:which Giovanni Villani belonged to
516:spread across the entire plain of
223:to explain the outcome of events.
149:as a positive element in history.
25:
1721:
1633:
1479:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
1435:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
428:, having it brought into port at
387:
384:, including its Magdalen Chapel.
1518:Kleinhenz, Christopher. (2004).
1497:Goldthwaite, Richard A. (1980).
497:
238:Guelph defeat by the Ghibellines
1611:Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
1520:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
1492:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Kunstgeschichte
1431:Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (2004).
1397:
1388:
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1013:Wicksteed, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii.
826:new city ordinances were passed
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1575:The American Historical Review
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853:by modern historians. Yet the
109:(special year of remission of
13:
1:
1624:Wicksteed, Philip H. (1906).
1416:Bartlett, Kenneth R. (1992).
1409:
864:Chronica de origine civitatis
859:Chronica de origine civitatis
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628:", as well as the islands of
137:was continued by his brother
1710:History books about Florence
1468:De Roover, Raymond. (2007).
862:Villani still relied on the
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608:), in countries amongst the
7:
883:
10:
1726:
1685:14th-century history books
1645:Full original text of the
1584:(Volume 5, 1942): 198–227.
1309:Lopez et al., 71–72.
983:. Retrieved on 2008-03-04.
819:Knights and the ordinances
549:Map showing the spread of
232:Battle of Montaperti, 1260
31:
1695:Economic history of Italy
1475:De Vries, Kelly. (2006).
1446:Caesar, Michael. (1989).
832:
403:during the famine of 1347
152:The oldest manuscript is
1587:Rudolph, Julia. (2006).
1461:Chisholm, Hugh. (1910).
895:
494:leading up to the roof.
268:Florence Cathedral, 1296
174:Loggia del Mercato Nuovo
34:CrĂłnica (disambiguation)
1652:Fondazione Pietro Bembo
1522:. New York: Routledge.
1113:Spilner, 459–460.
1337:Bartlett, 41–42.
1224:Bartlett, 39–40.
1143:Bartlett, 38–39.
1034:Bartlett, 35–36.
775:
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667:
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464:Fires of 1331 and 1332
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404:
327:
279:
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1705:Illuminated histories
1450:. London: Routledge.
1403:Rubenstein, 209 214.
1043:Green, 161–165.
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749:priests in the city.
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505:
471:
442:
395:
323:
316:Palazzo Vecchio, 1299
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211:state that Villani's
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44:
1385:Caesar, 58–59.
1122:Goldthwaite, 13, 22.
729:Religious facilities
677:Municipal statistics
869:Kenneth R. Bartlett
847:Niccolò Machiavelli
541:Black Death of 1348
382:Palazzo del PodestĂ
262:Commune of Florence
205:Kenneth R. Bartlett
183:Giovanni Villani's
87:history of Florence
1675:Italian chronicles
1589:History and Nation
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753:Commerce and trade
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558:
522:Florence Baptistry
510:
507:Florence Baptistry
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361:While holding the
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277:Florence Cathedral
242:Montaperti in 1260
181:
85:is a 14th-century
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1597:978-0-8387-5640-9
1485:978-0-85115-571-5
1325:Lopez et al., 72.
1300:Lopez et al., 71.
938:Bartlett, 36, 38.
874:divine providence
800:The guild of the
584:and the whole of
284:Giano della Bella
252:and supported by
221:divine providence
47:Manfred of Sicily
16:(Redirected from
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1404:
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1394:Rubenstein, 199.
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1346:Kleinhenz, 1170.
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1187:Benedictow, 286.
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1135:
1132:
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1120:
1114:
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1102:
1093:
1092:Kleinhenz, 1102.
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1044:
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1014:
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992:Kleinhenz, 1145.
990:
984:
977:
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970:Kleinhenz, 1144.
968:
962:
959:
948:
945:
939:
936:
930:
927:
908:
905:
803:Arte di Calimala
767:Arte di Calimala
723:scholastic logic
620:in the areas of
369:Robert of Naples
227:Notable passages
170:Giovanni Villani
99:Giovanni Villani
45:The crowning of
21:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1716:
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1664:
1654:
1636:
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1568:Master Drawings
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1367:Kleinhenz, 799.
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951:
947:Benedictow, 69.
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937:
933:
928:
911:
906:
902:
898:
886:
851:Dante Alighieri
835:
821:
781:Arte della Lana
755:
731:
710:
701:
679:
588:than it was in
543:
500:
466:
390:
359:
346:
332:Palazzo Vecchio
325:Palazzo Vecchio
318:
288:their cathedral
270:
234:
229:
197:Battle of Crécy
162:
154:Vatican Library
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
1723:
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1634:External links
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189:Biblical times
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81:New Chronicles
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1700:Italian books
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1134:Elliott, 516.
1131:
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1104:Spilner, 459.
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1080:
1078:
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956:
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929:Bartlett, 36.
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135:Nuova Cronica
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96:
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89:created in a
88:
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1428:(Paperback).
1417:
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1088:
1039:
1018:
997:
988:
975:
966:
961:Caesar, 148.
943:
934:
907:Rudolph, 66.
903:
863:
858:
854:
838:
836:
822:
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799:
790:gold florins
779:
777:
765:
762:Coat of arms
732:
711:
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688:
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485:
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450:gold florins
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303:
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292:papal legate
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160:Organization
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91:year-by-year
79:
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74:Nova Cronica
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67:
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59:printed form
54:
38:
29:
1655: [
1059:Olson, 289.
878:Renaissance
812:Transalpine
618:Mesopotamia
562:Black Death
209:Louis Green
131:Black Death
1669:Categories
1410:References
1355:Lopez, 80.
699:Population
514:Arno River
217:statistics
168:Statue of
147:statistics
51:manuscript
708:Education
518:San Salvi
305:campanile
258:Carroccio
121:. In his
1551:(2002).
884:See also
764:for the
747:chaplain
735:parishes
719:algorism
646:Sardinia
606:Anatolia
590:Florence
526:porphyry
430:Talamone
397:Talamone
373:Bargello
364:signoria
178:Florence
127:pandemic
119:Florence
1661:, 1991)
794:English
737:, five
692:bushels
671:Cronica
650:Corsica
626:Chaldea
610:Tartars
594:Tuscany
582:Avignon
578:Romagna
574:Bologna
566:Pistoia
488:podestĂ
458:Tuscany
434:Romagna
421:Pistoia
409:Perugia
351:Tuscany
213:Cronica
203:. Both
193:Cronica
185:Cronica
172:in the
143:Filippo
129:of the
123:Cronica
107:Jubilee
71:(also:
55:Cronica
53:of the
1617:
1595:
1559:
1541:
1526:
1505:
1483:
1454:
1439:
1424:
833:Legacy
808:French
770:, the
743:friars
739:abbeys
715:abacus
642:Sicily
638:Rhodes
630:Cyprus
614:Levant
602:Turkey
598:Greece
586:France
555:Europe
530:Pisans
492:vaults
438:Arezzo
426:Sicily
419:, and
401:Sicily
337:piazza
310:Giotto
296:denari
246:papacy
139:Matteo
105:first
103:Rome's
95:banker
1659:]
896:Notes
786:guild
772:guild
658:Genoa
634:Crete
624:and "
622:Syria
570:Prato
417:Lucca
413:Siena
377:vicar
300:soldi
254:Siena
115:debts
77:) or
49:in a
1615:ISBN
1593:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1422:ISBN
845:and
837:The
810:and
717:and
654:Elba
616:and
592:and
535:Mars
436:and
207:and
111:sins
65:The
553:in
240:at
176:in
1671::
1657:it
1360:^
1330:^
1314:^
1291:^
1261:^
1241:^
1229:^
1192:^
1180:^
1148:^
1127:^
1097:^
1064:^
1048:^
1027:^
1006:^
952:^
912:^
880:.
725:.
673:.
652:,
648:,
644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
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415:,
411:,
353:.
113:,
1621:.
1599:.
1563:.
1545:.
1530:.
1509:.
1487:.
1458:.
1443:.
784:(
604:(
36:.
20:)
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