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539:(Marinetti et al., 1916), Technical Manifesto of Futurist Literature (1912), The Variety Theatre (1913), The Futurist Synthetic Theatre (1915), and The New Religion – Morality of Speed (1916). Perhaps, the futurists were amongst the first avant-garde filmmakers group devoted to the potential of the image, praising motion and aiming towards an anti-narrative aesthetic. As an example, Marinetti's quote:
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Marinetti, Balla, et al., The
Futurist Cinema, in Marinetti: Selected Writings, ed. Flint, p. 131. Original quotation: "II cinematografo e un'arte a se. Il cinematografo non deve dunque mai copiare il palcoscenico. II cinematografo, essendo essenzialmente visivo, deve compiere anzitutto l'evoluzione
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functioned as the primary exhibitor and distributor of experimental film in the United States. Under the leadership of Amos Vogel and Marcia Vogel, Cinema 16 flourished as a nonprofit membership society committed to the exhibition of documentary, avant-garde, scientific, educational, and performance
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Potentially the new medium of cinema was a perfect match for the concerns of futurism, a renowned for promoting new aesthetics, motion, and modes of perception. Especially, given the futurist fascination with the sensation of speed and the dynamism of modern life. However, what is left of futurist
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Most experimental films are made on very low budgets, self-financed or financed through small grants, with a minimal crew or, often a crew of only one person, the filmmaker. Some critics have argued that much experimental film is no longer in fact "experimental" but has in fact become a mainstream
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Experimental filmmakers generally begin as amateurs, and some use experimental films as a springboard into commercial film-making or transition into academic positions. The aim of experimental filmmaking may be to render the personal vision of an artist, or to promote interest in new technology
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the New York
Experimental Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, and Toronto's Images Festival also support this work and provide venues for films which would not otherwise be seen. There is some dispute about whether "underground" and "avant-garde" truly mean the same thing and if challenging
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cinema that foregrounded the medium itself: the frame, projection, and most importantly, time. It has been argued that by breaking film down into bare components, they sought to create an anti-illusionist cinema, although
Frampton's late works owe a huge debt to the photography of
152:) sound or even the absence of any sound track. The goal is often to place the viewer in a more active and more thoughtful relationship to the film. At least through the 1960s, and to some extent after, many experimental films took an oppositional stance toward mainstream culture.
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While some experimental films have been distributed through mainstream channels or even made within commercial studios, the vast majority have been produced on very low budgets with a minimal crew or a single person and are either self-financed or supported through small grants.
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All these associations and movements have permitted the birth and development of national experimental films and schools like "body cinema" ("Écoles du corps" or "Cinéma corporel") and "post-structural" movements in France, and "structural/materialism" in
England for example.
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taught at Black
Mountain College, which points out the popular misconception in both the art world and Hollywood that the avant-garde and the commercial never meet. Another challenge to that misconception is that late in life, after their Hollywood careers had ended, both
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While "experimental" covers a wide range of practice, an experimental film is often characterized by the absence of linear narrative, the use of various abstracting techniques—out-of-focus, painting or scratching on film, rapid editing—the use of asynchronous
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or alternatives to traditional narratives or methods of working. Many experimental films, particularly early ones, relate to arts in other disciplines: painting, dance, literature and poetry, or arise from research and development of new technical resources.
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In the 1920s, two conditions made Europe ready for the emergence of experimental film. First, the cinema matured as a medium, and highbrow resistance to the mass entertainment began to wane. Second, avant-garde movements in the visual arts flourished. The
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543:"The cinema is an autonomous art. The cinema must therefore never copy the stage. The cinema, being essentially visual, must above all fulfil the evolution of painting, detach itself from reality, from photography, from the graceful and solemn..."
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Some avant-garde filmmakers moved further away from narrative. Whereas the New
American Cinema was marked by an oblique take on narrative, one based on abstraction, camp and minimalism, structural filmmakers like Frampton and Snow created a highly
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among them, the artists involved in these early movements remained outside the mainstream commercial cinema and entertainment industry. A few taught occasionally, and then, starting in 1966, many became professors at universities such as the
144:" was used in the sixties, though it has also had other connotations. Today the term "experimental cinema" prevails, because it's possible to make experimental films without the presence of any avant-garde movement in the cultural field.
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Many experimental-film practitioners do not in fact possess college degrees themselves, although their showings are prestigious. Some have questioned the status of the films made in the academy, but longtime film professors such as
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in Paris often include historically significant experimental films and contemporary works. Screening series no longer in New York that featured experimental work include the Robert Beck
Memorial Cinema, Ocularis and the
1091:(2007) uses unstaged photographs which the director took of his friends and family combined with voice acting to tell a fictional story. Other examples of films created in the 21st Century with this technique are
650:, and Christopher Young made several European-influenced experimental films. Smith and Bute were both influenced by Oskar Fischinger, as were many avant garde animators and filmmakers. In 1930, the magazine
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The film society and self-financing model continued over the next two decades, but by the early 1960s, a different outlook became perceptible in the work of
American avant-garde filmmakers. Filmmakers like
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filmmaking based on the idea that conventional
Hollywood narrative reinforced gender norms and a patriarchal gaze. Their response was to resist narrative in a way to show its fissures and inconsistencies.
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Working in France, another group of filmmakers also financed films through patronage and distributed them through cine-clubs, yet they were narrative films not tied to an avant-garde school. Film scholar
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which centers on a woman's life being invaded with cameras, as she attempts to flee. Around this time, a new generation was entering the field, many of whom were students of the early avant-gardists.
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860:, the structural film, the trance film and the participatory film, in order to describe the historical morphology of experimental cinema in the American avant-garde from 1943 to the 2000s.
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As exemplified in the quote, the image is the real subject, not the story or the acting, an approach and attitude that remain true for the whole history of experimental filmmaking.
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and other
American experimentalists of early period, film is used to express the individual consciousness of the maker, a cinematic equivalent of the first person in literature.
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952:(1961–64) exemplified a shift from personal confessional to abstraction, and also evidenced a rejection of American mass culture of the time. On the other hand,
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English translations of the above are available, for example, in Futurists Manifestos edited by U. Apollonio (2009) or Marinetti's Selected Writings (1977)
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Though experimental film is known to a relatively small number of practitioners, academics and connoisseurs, it has influenced and continues to influence
922:". Sitney says that the key elements of structural film are a fixed camera position, flicker effect, re-photography off screen, and loop printing. Artist
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and a variety of other oral and art forms, made over 60 films throughout the 1960s, most of them experimental. In more recent years, filmmakers such as
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followed in a similar vein. Significantly, many of these filmmakers were the first students from the pioneering university film programs established in
1932:
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1047:, and Su Friedrich expanded upon the work of the structuralists, incorporating a broader range of content while maintaining a self-reflexive form.
593:. However, much pre-war experimental film culture consisted of artists working, often in isolation, on film projects. In the early 1930s, Painter
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Italy had a historically difficult relationship with its avant-garde scene, although, the birth of cinema coincided with the emerging of Italian
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1071:) have made use of stock footage married to live action narratives in a form of mash-up cinema that has strong socio-political undertones.
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had a dream-like feel that hearkened to Jean Cocteau and the Surrealists, but equally seemed personal, new and American. Early works by
995:, and others, and in fact celebrate illusion. Further, while many filmmakers began making rather academic "structural films" following
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Rachel Simpson, Avant-Garde Video Art: How Experimental Filmmakers Create Immersive Experiences That Transcend Generic Cinema (2018)
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s publication of an article by P. Adams Sitney in the late 1960s, many of the filmmakers named in the article objected to the term.
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398:. These films combine narrative experimentation, rhythmic editing and camerawork, and an emphasis on character subjectivity.
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and David Platt. In October 2005, a large collection of films of that period were restored and re-released on DVD, titled
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Following the model of Cinema 16, experimental films have been exhibited mainly outside of commercial theaters in small
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cinema is mostly on paper, many films very lost, and other never got made. Amongst those literatures it is worth noting
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is also used, for the films of the sort shot in the twenties in France, Germany or Russia, to describe this work, and "
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Laura Marcus, The Tenth Muse: Writing about Cinema in the Modernist Period, Oxford University Press, New York 2007
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Maria Pramaggiore and Tom Wallis, Film: A Critical Introduction, Laurence King Publishing, London, 2005, pg. 247
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Several other organizations, in both Europe and North America, helped develop experimental film. These included
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Aiken, E. 'The Cinema and Italian Futurist painting', Art Journal, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Futurism), 1981: 353-357.
164:, or poetic approaches to the film's construction—define what is generally understood to be "experimental".
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The Soviet filmmakers, too, found a counterpart to modernist painting and photography in their theories of
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styles that frequently differ from, and are often opposed to, the practices of mainstream commercial and
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incorporated camp elements into their work, and Sitney posited Warhol's connection to structural film.
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Experimental film reached mainstream audiences at world exhibitions, especially those in Montreal,
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In the 1980s feminist, gay and other political experimental work continued, with filmmakers like
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611:(1904–1968) made animations with blobs of paint pressed between sheets of glass in his studio at
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among others finding experimental format conducive to their questions about identity politics.
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offers a concept of "visionary film", and he invented a few genre categories, including the
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continued to cause disruptions when they announced the death of cinema and showed their new
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della pittura: distaccarsi dalla realta, dalla fotografia, dal grazioso e dal solenne."
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rather than to entertain or to generate revenue, as is the case with commercial films.
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A critical review of the structuralists appeared in a 2000 edition of the art journal
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Amos Vogel, Founder of the New York Film Festival and Cinema 16, Dies at 91|IndieWire
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1081:(1962) consists almost entirely of still photographs accompanied by narration, while
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TV by Design: Modern Art and the Rise of Network Television-Lynn Spigel-Google Books
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are just two of the leading feminist filmmakers working in this mode in the 1970s.
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1689:"Experimental Film - married, show, name, cinema, scene, book, story, documentary"
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in New York City. Soon similar artists cooperatives were formed in other places:
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Dreams of Chaos, Visions of Order: Understanding the American Avant-Garde Cinema
2022:"Cinema Expo 67 – an exploration of Expo 67's most ingenious screen experiments"
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non-traditional cinema and fine arts cinema are actually fundamentally related.
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The Exploding Eye: A Re-Visionary History of 1960s American Experimental Cinema
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1011:. It examined structural-formalism as a conservative philosophy of filmmaking.
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Motion Graphic Design: Applied History and Aesthetics-Jon Krasner-Google Books
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is an early American experimental film. It provided a model for self-financed
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ran the "Art in Cinema" program of experimental and avant-garde films at the
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can be seen as a commercialization of many techniques of experimental film.
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Many experimental filmmakers have also made feature films, and vice versa.
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1890:(3rd ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 479.
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Prewar and postwar American avant-garde: the birth of experimental cinema
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were instrumental in providing an alternative model from that offered by
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Chris Meigh-Andrews, A History of Video Art(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014)
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1813:"Douglass Crockwell, Alphabet of Illustrators, Chris Mullen Collection"
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2073:"MTV Aesthetics" at the Movies: Interrogating a Film Criticism Fallacy
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movement gave rise to a number experimental queer filmmakers such as
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Beyond the frame: intermedia and expanded cinema in 1960-1970s Japan
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is undoubtedly the most known filmmaker from the futurist movement.
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1979:
Naming, and Defining, Avant-Garde or Experimental Film-Fred Camper
5734:
5416:
5359:
4377:
2906:
2680:
2582:
2490:
2468:
1449:
1442:
1389:
1328:
1286:
1054:
1015:
The 1960–70s and today: Time arts in the conceptual art landscape
928:
358:
271:
230:
817:
started the "Art in Cinema" series of experimental films at the
365:
films are examples of more abstract European avant-garde films.
105:
that rigorously re-evaluates cinematic conventions and explores
5689:
4886:
4811:
4463:
4399:
4372:
4035:
3848:
3702:
3123:
3069:
2710:
2705:
2592:
2458:
2315:(John Libbey Publishing, 2006; distributed in North America by
329:
275:
82:
3188:
2106:
Aesthetica Magazine - Artists' Films Take on Mainstream Cinema
2010:
Aesthetica Magazine - Artists' Films Take on Mainstream Cinema
1244:
863:
5374:
4507:
4485:
4478:
4278:
2303:
Shadows, Specters, Shards: Making History in Avant-Garde Film
2275:
Film at Wit's End - Essays on American Independent Filmmakers
1992:, « Qu'est-ce que le cinéma expérimental ? »,
325:
160:. Many of its more typical features—such as a non-narrative,
2377:
20 Essential Films For An Introduction To Avant-Garde Cinema
1748:
A (Very Brief) History of Experimental Cinema-No Film School
1428:
749:
production and distribution, one that was soon picked up by
4426:
3219:
3059:
2730:
2356:
Al Rees, David Curtis, Duncan White, Stephen Ball, Editors,
333:
204:
2021:
1027:, a California-based artist, made several films about his
962:(1963) in what is sometimes said to be an anticipation of
660:
Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant Garde Film 1894-1941
1137:
emerged as a medium in this period, and feminists like
2256:(Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1997)
1035:
made conceptual films. The most notorious of these is
167:
2171:
Sounding the Gallery: Video and the Rise of Art-Music
697:
and was restored in 2004 by film preservation expert
601:
that are considered experimental. Commercial artist (
405:
avant-garde movement, in France, caused riots at the
90:, an early example of experimental feature filmmaking
27:
Cinematic works that are experimental form or content
2282:
Essential Brakhage - Selected Writings on Filmmaking
1481:
1346:
in New York City, The Millennium Film Workshop, the
1186:
1120:'s writing and filmmaking launched a flourishing of
561:
The United States had some avant-garde films before
427:
at the 1952 press conference in Paris for Chaplin's
1887:
Visionary Film - The American Avant-Garde 1943-2000
1179:(a founder of the movement) in the 1990s and later
1113:Feminist avant-garde and other political offshoots
938:(1962). As Sitney has pointed out, in the work of
1357:Some of the more popular film festivals, such as
5775:
1760:"Necsus | Futurist Cinema / Cubism and Futurism"
1471:have also been influenced by experimental film.
126:The term experimental film describes a range of
1316:, and Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Center.
1365:'s "Views from the Avant-Garde" Side Bar, the
1239:
3204:
2398:
2237:A Directory of British Film and Video Artists
2062:Avant-garde influences the mainstream-Variety
1944:The Avant-Garde Archive Online-Film Quarterly
582:The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra
433:, there was a split within the movement. The
2244:Experimental Cinema – A Fifty Year Evolution
2230:Avant-Garde Film: Forms, Themes and Passions
1659:MoMA-Experimentation in Film-The Avant-Garde
864:The New American Cinema and structural film
828:They set up "alternative film programs" at
256:all contributed Dadaist/Surrealist shorts.
3211:
3197:
2405:
2391:
2358:Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance and Film
1867:"Interview with Bruce Posner, the curator"
1272:Knokke-Le-Zoute Experimental Film Festival
878:, a 1960s counterculture film directed by
441:techniques; the most notorious example is
30:For the song by They Might Be Giants, see
2412:
1670:GreenCine | Experimental/Avant-Garde
1646:"Top 10 Experimental Films - Toptenz.net"
1429:Influences on mainstream commercial media
483:series shows the techniques developed in
423:) was screened. After their criticism of
2218:Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde
2182:the Music and Sound of Experimental Film
2124:A History of Experimental Film and Video
1373:prominently feature experimental works.
1243:
867:
703:
462:
353:(1929). Hans Richter's animated shorts,
176:
66:
63:, one of the earliest experimental films
36:
1304:and about 20 other film makers founded
237:, took madcap comedy into nonsequitur.
14:
5776:
2151:, Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Berkeley:
1910:
1883:
1712:
1354:and the Collective for Living Cinema.
1292:From 1947 to 1963, the New York-based
3192:
2386:
2265:Experimental Cinema – The Film Reader
1367:International Film Festival Rotterdam
2292:Underground Film: A Critical History
2155:, 1988, 1992, 1998, 2005, and 2006).
2044:
1702:BFI Screenonline:20s-30s Avant-Garde
1297:films to ever-increasing audiences.
1252:, regarded as godfather of American
918:to be key models for what he calls "
622:, medical doctor and philanthropist
282:. Duchamp created the abstract film
270:(1924), which has been described as
2329:(Dutton, 1970) available as pdf at
1632:(Dutton, 1970) available as pdf at
970:commentary on Hollywood mythology.
168:History of the European avant-garde
24:
5551:List of American independent films
2342:(Paris Expérimental, 2010, 384 p.
2051:(phd thesis). University of Leeds.
1388:Experimental Media Arts Festival,
1378:New York Underground Film Festival
1265:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
819:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
687:(1947). The former film is set to
25:
5815:
2370:
2305:(Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 2005)
2232:(London: Wallflower Press, 2003).
1382:Chicago Underground Film Festival
1214:University of Colorado at Boulder
1187:Experimental film in universities
5757:
5748:
5747:
2180:Holly Rogers and Jeremy Barham,
2160:Avant-Garde Film: Motion Studies
2045:Ross, Julian A. (January 2014).
1484:
1206:California Institute of the Arts
956:added a rock sound track to his
825:to make experimental animation.
339:One famous experimental film is
307:Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis
3218:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2038:
2014:
2003:
1983:
1972:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1904:
1877:
1859:
1833:
1819:
1805:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1752:
1741:
926:created early examples such as
458:
264:, and Man Ray created the film
2153:University of California Press
1706:
1695:
1681:
1663:
1652:
1638:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1412:, Tate Modern, London and the
1198:State Universities of New York
629:The Fall of the House of Usher
211:in particular took to cinema.
13:
1:
2340:Éloge du cinéma expérimental
2113:
1352:National Film Board of Canada
626:and Melville Webber directed
172:
121:
2246:(London. Studio Vista. 1971)
2197:Wayne State University Press
1994:Éloge du cinéma expérimental
1419:Collective for Living Cinema
1306:The Film-Makers' Cooperative
1210:Massachusetts College of Art
669:made two visual tone poems,
477:, the first newsreel in the
452:Hurlements en Faveur de Sade
447:Howlings in favor of de Sade
415:Traité de bave et d'éternité
7:
2313:Experimental Film and Video
2284:(New York: McPherson. 2001)
1477:
1240:Exhibition and distribution
1218:San Francisco Art Institute
1145:took full advantage of it.
834:San Francisco Art Institute
654:appeared. The editors were
10:
5820:
5789:Film and video terminology
5442:Classical Hollywood cinema
4631:Commedia sexy all'italiana
3539:Exploitation film template
3483:Commedia sexy all'italiana
3151:Situationist International
2277:(Edinburgh: Polygon. 1989)
2259:Wheeler Winston Dixon and
2164:Cambridge University Press
1956:"Media City Film Festival"
1716:The Filming of Modern Life
1536:Lists of avant-garde films
1402:San Francisco Cinematheque
1191:With very few exceptions,
29:
5743:
5346:
5264:
5009:German underground horror
4964:Documentary Film Movement
4872:American eccentric cinema
4857:
4103:
3229:
3047:
2969:
2808:
2748:
2739:
2621:
2421:
2360:, (Tate Publishing, 2011)
2267:(London: Routledge, 2002)
1884:Sitney, P. Adams (1974).
1314:London Film-Makers' Co-op
368:
2317:Indiana University Press
2138:Abstract Film and Beyond
1960:Media City Film Festival
1713:Turvey, Malcolm (2011).
1594:
1371:Media City Film Festival
849:made avant-garde films.
522:
32:Experimental Film (song)
4944:Cinema of Transgression
4078:Cinema of Transgression
2661:Experimental literature
2261:Gwendolyn Audrey Foster
2223:Oxford University Press
2207:Naked Lens: Beat Cinema
2186:Oxford University Press
2175:Oxford University Press
1998:Centre Georges-Pompidou
1398:Anthology Film Archives
1359:Ann Arbor Film Festival
1344:Anthology Film Archives
1270:From 1949 to 1975, the
1031:and attached projects.
734:Meshes of the Afternoon
718:Meshes of the Afternoon
665:With Slavko Vorkapich,
357:'s abstract films, and
317:Man with a Movie Camera
5029:Hollywood on the Tiber
2927:Second Viennese School
2558:Neue Slowenische Kunst
2429:Abstract expressionism
2128:British Film Institute
1469:television advertising
1363:New York Film Festival
1348:British Film Institute
1312:in San Francisco, the
1256:
886:
832:(now defunct) and the
830:Black Mountain College
729:
551:Anton Giulio Bragaglia
545:
488:
320:(1929), experimental "
199:
132:documentary filmmaking
91:
64:
5019:Grupo Cine LiberaciĂłn
4959:Czechoslovak New Wave
4954:Commedia all'italiana
3301:Commedia all'italiana
3034:Theatre of the Absurd
2957:Twelve-tone technique
2836:Electroacoustic music
2250:Wheeler Winston Dixon
2239:(Arts Council, 1999).
1841:"Experimental Cinema"
1827:"Hollywood Quarterly"
1247:
1023:pushed even further.
871:
715:
613:Glens Falls, New York
604:Saturday Evening Post
597:(1905–1993) directed
541:
485:Soviet montage theory
472:
380:French Impressionists
189:
80:
49:
5546:Guerrilla filmmaking
5209:Kitchen sink realism
5164:Praška filmska škola
5094:New French Extremity
5004:German Expressionist
4912:Kitchen sink realism
4777:Contemporary Western
4557:Environmental issues
4088:New French Extremity
4046:New French Extremity
3871:Softcore pornography
3866:Hardcore pornography
3733:New French Extremity
3019:Postdramatic theatre
3004:Experimental theatre
2541:Multidimensional art
2235:David Curtis (ed.),
1531:List of film formats
1410:Berkeley, California
1406:Pacific Film Archive
966:, and included some
914:, are considered by
407:Cannes Film Festival
233:, and with music by
5282:Children and family
5256:Yugoslav Black Wave
5129:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
5014:Nigerian Golden Age
4979:European art cinema
4882:Australian New Wave
2521:Lyrical Abstraction
1916:Film Culture Reader
1259:Beginning in 1946,
775:Gregory Markopoulos
721:(1943) directed by
652:Experimental Cinema
624:James Sibley Watson
620:Rochester, New York
537:The Futurist Cinema
517:classical Hollywood
509:Alexander Dovzhenko
297:Rien que les heures
107:non-narrative forms
86:(1931) directed by
55:(1924) directed by
18:New American Cinema
5580:Major film studios
5174:Pure Film Movement
5154:Polish Film School
5054:Italian neorealist
5034:Hong Kong New Wave
4636:Mexican sex comedy
3693:German underground
3134:Postmodernist film
3039:Theatre of Cruelty
2922:Rock in Opposition
2863:Free improvisation
2506:Post-Impressionism
2439:Art & Language
2379:on Taste of Cinema
2352:Paris Expérimental
1920:Praeger Publishing
1675:2005-12-10 at the
1648:. 19 January 2011.
1568:Non-narrative film
1556:Postmodernist film
1501:Abstract animation
1257:
1254:avant-garde cinema
1248:Lithuanian artist
887:
875:The Great Blondino
730:
609:Douglass Crockwell
607:) and illustrator
489:
420:Venom and Eternity
292:Alberto Cavalcanti
248:, Marcel Duchamp,
200:
99:avant-garde cinema
92:
65:
5784:Experimental film
5771:
5770:
5710:Socialist realist
5422:Behind-the-scenes
5199:Socialist realist
5194:Spaghetti Western
5184:Romanian New Wave
5059:Japanese New Wave
4725:Sword and sorcery
4641:Nazi exploitation
4223:Mumbai underworld
3979:Planetary romance
3186:
3185:
3176:Russian symbolism
3161:Socialist realism
2999:Experimental film
2965:
2964:
2671:Hungry generation
2646:Conceptual poetry
2501:Neo-Impressionism
2348:978-2-912539-41-0
2209:(Creation, 1997).
2158:Scott MacDonald,
2149:A Critical Cinema
2147:Scott MacDonald,
1719:. The MIT Press.
1261:Frank Stauffacher
1193:Curtis Harrington
1053:, the man behind
815:Frank Stauffacher
791:Curtis Harrington
713:
694:Hebrides Overture
689:Felix Mendelssohn
513:Vsevolod Pudovkin
501:Sergei Eisenstein
470:
396:Dimitri Kirsanoff
378:has dubbed these
221:(1924) featuring
187:
95:Experimental film
78:
47:
16:(Redirected from
5811:
5761:
5751:
5750:
5730:Vulgar auteurism
5558:Interstitial art
5536:Hyperlink cinema
5251:Vulgar auteurism
5246:Toronto New Wave
5236:Telefoni Bianchi
5231:Sword-and-sandal
5049:Italian futurist
5044:Iranian New Wave
4907:British New Wave
4720:Sword-and-sandal
4601:Rape and revenge
4542:Mouth of Garbage
4388:Tentacle erotica
4336:Goona-goona epic
4316:Extraterrestrial
4203:Heroic bloodshed
3837:Occult detective
3668:Christmas horror
3520:Sword-and-sandal
3252:Hong Kong action
3247:Heroic bloodshed
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3080:Russian Futurism
3024:Remodernist film
2942:Stochastic music
2897:Musique concrète
2875:Microtonal music
2853:Experimental pop
2846:Industrial music
2841:Electronic music
2746:
2745:
2568:Nouveau réalisme
2476:Grosvenor School
2407:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2336:Dominique Noguez
2301:Jeffrey Skoller
2228:Michael O'Pray,
2191:James Peterson,
2134:Malcolm Le Grice
2108:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1990:Dominique Noguez
1987:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1912:Sitney, P. Adams
1908:
1902:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1869:. Archived from
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1845:Internet Archive
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1799:
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1790:
1784:
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1738:
1710:
1704:
1699:
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1679:
1667:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1588:Still image film
1578:Remodernist film
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1280:
1183:, among others.
1088:Year of the Nail
884:William T. Wiley
858:mythopoetic film
803:Earle M. Pilgrim
743:Alexander Hammid
727:Alexander Hammid
714:
672:Moods of the Sea
587:Slavko Vorkapich
471:
392:Marcel L'Herbier
355:Oskar Fischinger
350:Un chien andalou
336:, respectively.
267:Ballet MĂ©canique
188:
79:
52:Ballet MĂ©canique
48:
21:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5804:Avant-garde art
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5739:
5680:Semidocumentary
5605:Minimalist film
5595:Message picture
5590:Maximalist film
5484:Database cinema
5467:Computer screen
5427:Black-and-white
5352:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5260:
5216:Soviet parallel
5139:Parallel cinema
5134:Pan-Indian film
5064:Kammerspielfilm
4999:French New Wave
4919:Budapest school
4902:Brighton School
4877:New Objectivity
4859:
4853:
4822:Science fiction
4454:Bruceploitation
4363:Girls with guns
4309:Turksploitation
4183:Gentleman thief
4099:
3934:Science fiction
3780:Minimalist film
3775:Maximalist film
3753:Science fiction
3713:Japanese horror
3510:Social guidance
3225:
3217:
3187:
3182:
3043:
3029:Structural film
2971:
2961:
2816:Aleatoric music
2804:
2735:
2623:
2617:
2578:Performance art
2417:
2411:
2373:
2327:Expanded Cinema
2323:Gene Youngblood
2309:Jackie Hatfield
2280:Stan Brakhage,
2213:P. Adams Sitney
2116:
2111:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2026:cinemaexpo67.ca
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1927:
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1905:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1865:
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1860:
1850:
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1839:
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1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1764:necsus-ejms.org
1758:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1677:Wayback Machine
1668:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1630:Expanded Cinema
1626:Gene Youngblood
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1573:Performance art
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1431:
1414:Centre Pompidou
1396:Venues such as
1350:in London, the
1335:, archives and
1274:
1242:
1189:
1181:Scott Treleaven
1127:Chantal Akerman
1115:
1041:Leslie Thornton
1025:Robert Smithson
1017:
920:structural film
916:P. Adams Sitney
896:Hollis Frampton
866:
854:P. Adams Sitney
795:Sidney Peterson
704:
644:Mary Ellen Bute
573:Charles Sheeler
559:
525:
495:. The films of
463:
461:
435:Ultra-Lettrists
425:Charlie Chaplin
417:(also known as
371:
322:city symphonies
302:Walter Ruttmann
254:Viking Eggeling
223:Francis Picabia
177:
175:
170:
162:impressionistic
124:
67:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5817:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Reverse motion
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5615:Modernist film
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5477:midnight movie
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5354:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5265:By demographic
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5204:Social realist
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5159:Poliziotteschi
5156:
5151:
5149:Poetic realist
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:New generation
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Modernist film
5076:
5071:
5069:L.A. Rebellion
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:Cinéma du look
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4847:Zapata Western
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4827:Singing cowboy
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4782:Dacoit Western
4779:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4663:Shoshimin-eiga
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4651:Nunsploitation
4648:
4646:Pornochanchada
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Food and drink
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4299:Blaxploitation
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4228:Poliziotteschi
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4083:Extreme cinema
4080:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4013:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Chinese horror
3660:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3606:
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3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
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3384:
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3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Social realism
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Late modernism
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Neo-minimalism
3111:
3109:Postminimalism
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Constructivism
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Poetic realism
3011:
3009:Modernist film
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Textural music
2944:
2939:
2937:Spectral music
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:New Complexity
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2849:
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2800:
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2758:
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2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Neoavanguardia
2688:
2686:Language poets
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Asemic writing
2638:
2636:Angry Penguins
2633:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Constructivism
2446:
2444:Conceptual art
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2371:External links
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2354:
2333:
2320:
2306:
2299:
2285:
2278:
2268:
2257:
2247:
2242:David Curtis,
2240:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2200:
2189:
2178:
2169:Holly Rogers,
2167:
2156:
2145:
2131:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2054:
2037:
2013:
2002:
2000:, 1979, p. 15.
1982:
1971:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1914:, ed. (1970).
1903:
1896:
1876:
1873:on 2010-03-05.
1858:
1832:
1818:
1804:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1751:
1740:
1725:
1705:
1694:
1680:
1662:
1651:
1637:
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1608:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1551:Modernist film
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Extreme cinema
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1479:
1476:
1439:visual effects
1435:cinematography
1430:
1427:
1337:film festivals
1321:film societies
1241:
1238:
1188:
1185:
1158:Tracey Moffatt
1150:Barbara Hammer
1143:Cecelia Condit
1114:
1111:
1093:Lars von Trier
1021:Conceptual art
1019:In the 1970s,
1016:
1013:
1008:Art in America
959:Scorpio Rising
865:
862:
852:Film theorist
799:Lionel Rogosin
771:Shirley Clarke
755:film societies
684:Forest Murmurs
648:Joseph Cornell
558:
555:
524:
521:
460:
457:
439:hypergraphical
376:David Bordwell
370:
367:
250:Germaine Dulac
227:Marcel Duchamp
197:Marcel Duchamp
174:
171:
169:
166:
123:
120:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5816:
5805:
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5779:
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5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5660:Postmodernist
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:Participatory
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5620:Musical short
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
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5573:
5569:
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5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5531:Found footage
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:Cinéma vérité
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:or production
5345:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5298:
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5292:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:Prussian film
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:New Nollywood
5112:
5110:
5109:New Hollywood
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:Cannibal boom
4927:
4925:
4924:Calligrafismo
4922:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4892:Berlin School
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4856:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Weird Western
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Slice of life
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Bavarian porn
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:Sexploitation
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:Partisan film
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Muslim social
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4528:Zombie comedy
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Giant monster
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Mexploitation
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4158:Coming-of-age
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:Transgressive
4071:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Psychological
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Slice of life
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Psychological
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Korean horror
3716:
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3688:Found footage
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3129:Postmodernism
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3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
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3100:
3097:
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3092:
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3085:Cubo-Futurism
3083:
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3078:
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3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Expressionism
3063:
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2880:Minimal music
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2726:Visual poetry
2724:
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2701:Nouveau roman
2699:
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2608:Temporary art
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2564:
2563:Nonconformism
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:Neoplasticism
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Mir iskusstva
2534:
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2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
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2509:
2507:
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2499:
2497:
2496:Impressionism
2494:
2492:
2489:
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2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:Functionalism
2462:
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2359:
2355:
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2350:, in French)
2349:
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2324:
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2307:
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2297:
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2272:
2271:Stan Brakhage
2269:
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2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
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2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:Jack Sargeant
2201:
2198:
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2172:
2168:
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2096:
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2074:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1899:
1897:0-19-514885-1
1893:
1889:
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1872:
1868:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1766:. 27 May 2020
1765:
1761:
1755:
1749:
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1736:
1732:
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1726:9780262525114
1722:
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1563:New media art
1561:
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1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:The genre of
1457:
1455:
1452:, and Osaka,
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
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1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:art galleries
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:Canyon Cinema
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1255:
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1231:
1227:
1226:Stan Brakhage
1221:
1219:
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1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:Sadie Benning
1159:
1155:
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1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:Martha Rosler
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1063:James O'Brien
1060:
1059:Craig Baldwin
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
990:
989:Edward Weston
985:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:
955:
954:Kenneth Anger
951:
950:
945:
941:
940:Stan Brakhage
937:
936:
931:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
881:
880:Robert Nelson
877:
876:
870:
861:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Stan Brakhage
764:
763:Kenneth Anger
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
728:
724:
720:
719:
702:
700:
699:David Shepard
696:
695:
690:
686:
685:
680:
679:
678:Fingal's Cave
674:
673:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
630:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
591:Robert Florey
588:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
538:
532:
530:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
481:
476:
456:
455:) from 1952.
454:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:In 1952, the
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:and included
381:
377:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
346:
345:Salvador DalĂ
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
287:
286:
285:Anémic Cinéma
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
263:
262:Dudley Murphy
259:
258:Fernand LĂ©ger
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
206:
198:
194:
193:
192:Anémic Cinéma
165:
163:
159:
153:
151:
145:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:is a mode of
100:
96:
89:
88:Mário Peixoto
85:
84:
62:
61:Dudley Murphy
58:
57:Fernand LĂ©ger
54:
53:
33:
19:
5499:Experimental
5498:
5494:Ethnofiction
5241:Third Cinema
5144:Persian Film
4887:Auteur films
4858:By movement
4715:Swashbuckler
4574:Ozploitation
4569:Outlaw biker
4449:Martial arts
4444:Magical girl
4294:Exploitation
4289:Ethnographic
4218:Mafia comedy
3861:Pornographic
3738:Psycho-biddy
3723:Lovecraftian
3557:Contemporary
3538:
3532:Exploitation
3527:Experimental
3526:
3407:Mockumentary
3276:Biographical
2998:
2994:Epic theatre
2831:Atonal music
2666:Flarf poetry
2656:Ego-Futurism
2454:Proto-Cubism
2357:
2339:
2326:
2312:
2302:
2291:
2288:Parker Tyler
2281:
2274:
2264:
2253:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2216:
2206:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2162:(Cambridge:
2159:
2148:
2137:
2123:
2101:
2090:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2047:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2016:
2005:
1993:
1985:
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1915:
1906:
1886:
1879:
1871:the original
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1844:
1835:
1821:
1807:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1743:
1715:
1708:
1697:
1683:
1665:
1654:
1640:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1516:Collage film
1506:Abstract art
1473:
1465:Title design
1458:
1447:
1432:
1423:
1395:
1386:LA Freewaves
1375:
1356:
1341:
1325:microcinemas
1318:
1299:
1291:
1283:Knokke-Heist
1281:—located in
1269:
1258:
1222:
1202:Bard College
1190:
1170:
1166:Isaac Julien
1154:Su Friedrich
1147:
1131:Sally Potter
1118:Laura Mulvey
1116:
1096:
1086:
1083:Jonás Cuarón
1076:
1073:Chris Marker
1066:
1049:
1045:Peggy Ahwesh
1036:
1018:
1006:
1004:
998:Film Culture
996:
980:
964:music videos
957:
949:Dog Star Man
947:
933:
927:
924:Bruce Conner
904:Paul Sharits
892:Michael Snow
888:
873:
851:
843:Nicholas Ray
827:
787:Marie Menken
783:Willard Maas
758:
732:
731:
716:
692:
682:
681:, 1941) and
676:
670:
667:John Hoffman
664:
659:
656:Lewis Jacobs
651:
635:Lot in Sodom
633:
627:
617:
602:
595:Emlen Etting
580:
566:
563:World War II
560:
549:
546:
542:
536:
533:
526:
505:Lev Kuleshov
497:Dziga Vertov
490:
478:
475:Dziga Vertov
473:Directed by
459:Soviet Union
450:
446:
428:
418:
414:
411:Isidore Isou
400:
388:Jean Epstein
372:
348:
338:
315:
312:Dziga Vertov
310:(1927), and
305:
295:
290:
283:
265:
246:Jean Cocteau
242:Hans Richter
239:
216:
201:
190:
154:
150:non-diegetic
146:
135:
125:
116:
112:
98:
94:
93:
81:
50:
5799:Film styles
5794:Film genres
5725:Video nasty
5720:Underground
5705:Slow cinema
5675:Sceneggiata
5563:Live action
5541:Independent
5521:Film Ă clef
5489:Docufiction
5457:Compilation
5432:Blockbuster
5400:Traditional
5395:Stop-motion
5331:Chick flick
5189:Slow cinema
5179:Remodernist
4994:Free Cinema
4974:Erra Cinema
4939:Cinema Novo
4817:Revisionist
4326:Gendai-geki
4262:Psychedelic
4250:Apocalyptic
4116:Beach party
4011:Slow cinema
3984:Space opera
3949:Fantastique
3820:Sceneggiata
3810:Musicarello
3683:Fantastique
3562:Fantastique
3505:Educational
3432:Video essay
3387:Documentary
3146:Primitivism
2972:and theatre
2912:Noise music
2885:Drone music
2716:Slam poetry
2603:Suprematism
2588:Process art
2516:Incoherents
2511:Color Field
2486:Divisionism
2434:Art Nouveau
2414:Avant-garde
2296:Grove Press
2294:(New York:
2221:(New York:
1847:. June 1930
1735:j.ctt5hhcg7
1583:Slow cinema
1546:Microcinema
1492:Film portal
1461:music video
1302:Jonas Mekas
1275: [
1250:Jonas Mekas
1107:filmography
1103:David Lynch
1068:Hyperfutura
1051:Andy Warhol
993:Paul Strand
976:Andy Warhol
932:(1958) and
908:Tony Conrad
872:Poster for
838:Arthur Penn
823:Harry Smith
813:. In 1946,
807:Los Angeles
779:Jonas Mekas
640:Harry Smith
632:(1928) and
599:dance films
585:(1928), by
577:Paul Strand
571:(1921), by
480:Kino-Pravda
341:Luis Buñuel
209:Surrealists
142:underground
137:Avant-garde
5778:Categories
5645:Paracinema
5630:Neorealist
5625:Mythopoeia
5610:Mockbuster
5575:Low-budget
5516:Featurette
5349:technique,
5347:By format,
5226:Surrealist
5221:Structural
5099:New German
5089:Neorealist
5084:Mumblecore
5024:Heimatfilm
4984:Film d'art
4949:Cinéma pur
4683:South Seas
4656:Sex report
3922:Paranormal
3885:Propaganda
3785:Mumblecore
3572:Historical
3454:Historical
3343:Remarriage
3333:Mo lei tau
3166:Surrealism
3104:Minimalism
2979:Cinéma pur
2624:and poetry
2622:Literature
2531:Minimalism
2422:Visual art
2195:(Detroit:
2120:A. L. Rees
2114:References
2031:2024-01-24
1965:2021-03-08
1770:2022-10-16
1521:Cinéma pur
1234:Ernie Gehr
1230:Ken Jacobs
1216:, and the
1177:G.B. Jones
1029:earthworks
972:Jack Smith
935:Cosmic Ray
912:Ernie Gehr
900:Ken Jacobs
847:King Vidor
753:and other
739:Maya Deren
737:(1943) by
723:Maya Deren
565:, such as
443:Guy Debord
384:Abel Gance
235:Erik Satie
213:René Clair
195:(1926) by
173:Beginnings
158:film genre
128:filmmaking
122:Definition
103:filmmaking
5635:No-budget
5600:Meta-film
5568:animation
5526:Film-poem
5462:Composite
5407:Anthology
5370:Animation
5365:Actuality
5351:approach,
5119:New Queer
5039:Indiewood
4989:Film gris
4860:or period
4837:Spaghetti
4760:Submarine
4740:Vigilante
4705:Superhero
4459:Chopsocky
4405:Jidaigeki
4274:Dystopian
4173:Detective
4131:Buddy cop
4121:Body swap
4051:Political
4031:Financial
3994:Tokusatsu
3989:Steampunk
3905:Bromantic
3877:Malayalam
3856:Crossover
3832:Detective
3800:Backstage
3748:Religious
3604:Tech noir
3599:Pulp noir
3589:Film noir
3464:Melodrama
3402:Docudrama
3375:Cyberpunk
3368:Slapstick
3358:Screwball
3318:Gross out
3281:Christian
3259:Adventure
3171:Symbolism
3099:Modernism
2932:Serialism
2917:Post-rock
2858:Free jazz
2766:Free funk
2721:UltraĂsmo
2676:Imaginism
2651:Cyberpunk
2613:Vorticism
2416:movements
2184:(Oxford:
2173:(Oxford:
2142:MIT Press
1996:, Paris,
1300:In 1962,
1294:Cinema 16
1173:queercore
1135:Video art
984:formalist
751:Cinema 16
646:, artist
430:Limelight
403:Lettrists
304:directed
294:directed
218:Entr'acte
5753:Category
5640:One-shot
5504:Abstract
5390:Computer
5074:Lettrist
4969:Dogme 95
4897:Bourekas
4867:Absolute
4807:Northern
4802:Meat pie
4755:Euro War
4750:Anti-war
4616:Rumberas
4537:Mountain
4439:Luchador
4395:Homeland
4383:Shotacon
4356:Suburban
4284:Economic
4245:Disaster
4178:Gangster
4153:Colonial
4143:Cannibal
4104:By theme
4061:Romantic
4016:Thriller
3974:New Wave
3969:Military
3927:Thriller
3895:Romantic
3842:Whodunit
3815:Operetta
3795:Arthouse
3763:Splatter
3658:Cannibal
3648:Arthouse
3631:Suburban
3621:Southern
3594:Neo-noir
3498:Thriller
3392:Animated
3380:Japanese
3348:Romantic
3338:Thriller
3264:Survival
3242:Arthouse
3230:By style
3119:Neo-Dada
3094:Lettrism
3075:Futurism
2989:Drop Art
2984:Dogme 95
2952:Totalism
2870:Futurism
2821:Ars nova
2749:By style
2696:Neoteric
2598:Rayonism
2551:De Stijl
2526:Mail art
2481:Devětsil
2225:, 1974).
2199:, 1994).
2188:, 2017).
2177:, 2013).
2166:, 1993).
2144:, 1977).
2130:, 1999).
1851:31 March
1673:Archived
1541:Filmbank
1511:Art film
1478:See also
1122:feminist
1098:Dogville
1078:La Jetée
1033:Yoko Ono
944:Brakhage
811:New York
638:(1933).
568:Manhatta
529:Futurism
300:(1926),
288:(1926).
280:Futurist
240:Artists
205:Dadaists
5735:Z movie
5511:Feature
5447:Collage
5417:B movie
5385:Cartoon
5124:No wave
4792:Florida
4787:Fantasy
4767:Western
4710:Surfing
4698:Eurospy
4668:Slavery
4518:Vampire
4498:Monster
4469:Kung fu
4410:Samurai
4378:Lolicon
4346:Romance
4193:Gong'an
4163:Concert
4148:Chicano
4111:Animals
3999:Western
3954:Fantasy
3912:Fantasy
3890:Reality
3827:Mystery
3805:Jukebox
3790:Musical
3768:Satanic
3758:Slasher
3728:Natural
3708:Holiday
3616:Romance
3582:Science
3547:Fantasy
3449:Dramedy
3313:Dramedy
3048:General
2907:No wave
2681:Imagism
2631:Acmeism
2583:Pop art
2573:Orphism
2491:Fauvism
2469:Bauhaus
2298:, 1969)
2263:(eds.)
1454:Expo 70
1450:Expo 67
1443:editing
1390:MIX NYC
1329:museums
1287:Belgium
1055:Pop Art
929:A Movie
493:montage
409:, when
359:Len Lye
314:filmed
272:Dadaist
231:Man Ray
5763:Portal
5700:Silent
5690:Shinpa
5685:Serial
5670:Satire
5655:Poetry
5585:Masala
5314:ShĹŤnen
5297:Seinen
4812:Ostern
4797:Horror
4730:Travel
4688:Sports
4611:Rubble
4584:Prison
4552:Nature
4523:Zombie
4464:Gun fu
4400:Isekai
4373:Hentai
4341:Gothic
4267:Stoner
4233:Yakuza
4188:GokudĹŤ
4136:Female
4066:Techno
4036:Giallo
4026:Erotic
4021:Comedy
3964:Horror
3959:Gothic
3944:Comedy
3917:Gothic
3900:Comedy
3849:Giallo
3703:Giallo
3673:Comedy
3643:Horror
3611:Gothic
3552:Comedy
3478:Erotic
3469:Korean
3427:Travel
3417:Pseudo
3363:Silent
3328:Parody
3323:Horror
3291:Action
3286:Comedy
3237:Action
3223:genres
3124:Neoism
3070:Fluxus
2970:Cinema
2809:Others
2711:Oulipo
2706:Oberiu
2593:Purism
2459:Cubism
2346:
2331:Ubuweb
1894:
1733:
1723:
1634:Ubuweb
1384:, the
1369:, and
1361:, the
1208:, the
910:, and
801:, and
759:Meshes
579:, and
511:, and
394:, and
369:France
332:, and
330:Berlin
276:Cubist
252:, and
229:, and
83:Limite
5715:Sound
5695:Short
5452:Color
5375:Anime
5336:Josei
5326:Women
5319:ShĹŤjo
5287:Anime
5277:Black
5272:Adult
4832:Space
4735:Trial
4678:Snuff
4589:Women
4564:Opera
4513:Mummy
4508:Kaiju
4491:Anime
4486:Mecha
4479:Wuxia
4474:Ninja
4422:LGBTQ
4417:KaitĹŤ
4368:Harem
4351:Space
4331:Ghost
4279:Ecchi
4240:Dance
4213:Mafia
4198:Heist
4168:Crime
4126:Buddy
4095:Trick
4041:Legal
3698:Ghost
3636:Urban
3626:Space
3459:Legal
3439:Drama
3412:Mondo
3296:Black
2798:Metal
2741:Music
1731:JSTOR
1595:Notes
1279:]
1037:Rape,
747:16 mm
675:(aka
523:Italy
326:Paris
324:" of
278:, or
5472:Cult
5309:Teen
5302:Stag
5293:Men
4772:Acid
4606:Road
4596:Race
4432:Yuri
4427:Yaoi
4257:Drug
4208:Hood
3653:Body
3567:High
3537:see
3515:Epic
3488:Pink
3422:Semi
3306:Sexy
3220:Film
3060:Dada
2793:Punk
2788:Prog
2783:Rock
2771:Yass
2761:Jazz
2756:Funk
2731:Zaum
2344:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1853:2021
1721:ISBN
1467:and
1441:and
1376:The
1171:The
1164:and
1141:and
1129:and
1101:and
1061:and
974:and
968:camp
882:and
845:and
809:and
741:and
725:and
589:and
575:and
343:and
334:Kiev
207:and
59:and
5412:Art
5380:Art
4745:War
4693:Spy
3939:Art
3678:Eco
3353:Sex
3271:Art
2778:Pop
1408:in
1105:'s
1095:'s
1085:'s
1075:'s
946:'s
691:'s
618:In
445:'s
413:'s
363:GPO
361:'s
347:'s
215:'s
97:or
5780::
5360:3D
2338:,
2325:,
2311:,
2290:,
2273:,
2252:,
2215:,
2205:,
2136:,
2122:,
2024:.
1958:.
1918:.
1843:.
1762:.
1729:.
1628:,
1624:*
1456:.
1445:.
1437:,
1421:.
1404:,
1400:,
1380:,
1339:.
1331:,
1327:,
1323:,
1285:,
1277:fr
1267:.
1232:,
1228:,
1220:.
1212:,
1204:,
1200:,
1160:,
1156:,
1152:,
1109:.
1043:,
991:,
906:,
902:,
898:,
894:,
836:.
797:,
793:,
789:,
785:,
781:,
777:,
773:,
769:,
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701:.
662:.
642:,
615:.
531:.
507:,
503:,
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390:,
386:,
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244:,
225:,
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3205:t
3198:v
2406:e
2399:t
2392:v
2319:)
2140:(
2126:(
2034:.
1968:.
1922:.
1900:.
1855:.
1829:.
1815:.
1773:.
1737:.
1691:.
1065:(
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487:.
449:(
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20:)
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