604:. This is a significant increase in the number of stages compared to the Pentium III, which had only 10 stages in its pipeline. The Prescott core increased the length of the pipeline to 31 stages. A drawback of longer pipelines is the increase in the number of stages that need to be traced back in the event of a branch misprediction, increasing the penalty of said misprediction. To address this issue, Intel devised the Rapid Execution Engine and has invested a great deal into its branch prediction technology, which Intel claims reduces
655:, so that when executing a new instruction, instead of fetching and decoding the instruction again, the CPU directly accesses the decoded micro-ops from the trace cache, thereby saving considerable time. Moreover, the micro-ops are cached in their predicted path of execution, which means that when instructions are fetched by the CPU from the cache, they are already present in the correct order of execution. Intel later introduced a similar but simpler concept with
27:
1821:, most processors are multi-core, so each core gives off a fraction of the maximum TDP, and the highest-clocked Core-based single-core processors give off a maximum of 27 W of heat. The fastest-clocked desktop Pentium 4 processors (single-core) had TDPs of 115 W, compared to 88 W for the fastest clocked mobile versions. Although, with the introduction of new steppings, TDPs for some models were eventually lowered.
628:(ALUs) in the core of the CPU are double-pumped, meaning that they actually operate at twice the core clock frequency. For example, in a 3.8 GHz processor, the ALUs will effectively be operating at 7.6 GHz. The reason behind this is to generally make up for the low IPC count; additionally this considerably enhances the integer performance of the CPU. Intel also replaced the high-speed
1824:
The
Nehalem microarchitecture, the successor to the Core microarchitecture, was supposed to be an evolution of NetBurst according to Intel roadmaps dating back to 2000. Nehalem reimplements certain features of NetBurst, including the Hyper-Threading technology first introduced in the 3.06 GHz
677:
The replay system is a subsystem within the Intel
Pentium 4 processor to catch operations that have been mistakenly sent for execution by the processor's scheduler. Operations caught by the replay system are then re-executed in a loop until the conditions necessary for their proper execution have
632:
with a shift/rotate execution unit that operates at the same frequency as the CPU core. The downside is that certain instructions are now much slower (relatively and absolutely) than before, making optimization for multiple target CPUs difficult. An example is shift and rotate operations, which
699:
Despite these enhancements, the NetBurst architecture created obstacles for engineers trying to scale up its performance. With this microarchitecture, Intel planned to attain clock speeds of 10 GHz, but because of rising clock speeds, Intel faced increasing problems with keeping power
889:, which quickly became the hottest-running, and most power-hungry, of Intel's single-core x86 and x86-64 processors. Power and heat concerns prevented Intel from releasing a Prescott clocked above 3.8 GHz, along with a mobile version of the core clocked above 3.46 GHz.
690:
hints to be inserted into the code to tell whether the static prediction should be taken or not taken, while this feature was abandoned in later Intel processors. According to Intel, NetBurst's branch prediction algorithm is 33% better than the one in P6.
585:
The
Northwood and Willamette cores feature an external Front Side Bus (FSB) that runs at 100 MHz which transfers four bits per clock cycle, thus having an effective speed of 400 MHz. Later revisions of the Northwood core, along with the Prescott core
700:
dissipation within acceptable limits. Intel reached a speed barrier of 3.8 GHz in
November 2004 but encountered problems trying to achieve even that. Intel abandoned NetBurst in 2006 after the heat problems became unacceptable and then developed the
1817:). August 8, 2008 marked the end of Intel NetBurst-based processors. The reason for NetBurst's abandonment was the severe heat problems caused by high clock speeds. While some Core- and Nehalem-based processors have higher
573:(SMT) implementation used to improve parallelization of computations (doing multiple tasks at once) performed on x86 processors. Intel introduced it with NetBurst processors in 2002. Later Intel reintroduced it in the
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832:(although initially all models but the 3.06 GHz model had this feature disabled) to produce a more modern, higher-performing version of the NetBurst microarchitecture.
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616:(IPC) executed as high enough clock speeds were not able to be reached to offset lost performance due to larger than expected increase in power consumption and heat.
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core was produced on a 90 nm process, and included several major design changes, including the addition of an even larger cache (from 512 KB in the
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instructions, and later, the implementation of Intel
Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T), Intel's branding for their compatible implementation of the
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suffer from the lack of a barrel shifter which was present on every x86 CPU beginning with the i386, including the main competitor processor,
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Intel also released a dual-core processor based on the NetBurst microarchitecture branded
Pentium D. The first Pentium D core was codenamed
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which all were introduced for the first time in this particular microarchitecture, and some never appeared again afterwards.
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chips branded
Pentium 4 HT have hardware to support this feature, but it was initially only enabled on the high-end
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Within the L1 cache of the CPU, Intel incorporated its
Execution Trace Cache. It stores decoded
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with between 40 and 50 pipeline stages, but ultimately decided to replace NetBurst with the
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612:. In reality, the longer pipeline resulted in reduced efficiency through a lower number of
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design combined an increased cache size, a smaller 130 nm fabrication process, and
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trademark). Power consumption and heat dissipation also became major issues with
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variants have also been based on NetBurst. In mid-2001, Intel released the
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core with a redesigned version of the NetBurst microarchitecture called
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590:) have an effective 800 MHz front-side bus (200 MHz quad pumped).
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2019:"Entering The Execution Pipeline - Pentium 4's Trace Cache, Continued"
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processors, before being officially introduced in processors with the
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core, and L3 cache, first implemented on a consumer processor in the
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Celeron, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 HT, Pentium 4 HT Extreme
Edition, Xeon
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505:
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496:(CPUs) made by Intel. The first CPU to use this architecture was the
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26:
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896:, which is actually two Prescott cores in a single die, and later
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2374:
2162:"The Era of Intel's NetBurst Micro-Architecture Comes to End"
2074:
Milenkovic, Milena; Milenkovic, Aleksandar; Kulick, Jeffrey.
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core, which was also based on NetBurst, thus switching the
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Intel had
Netburst-based successors in development called
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2519:
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The NetBurst microarchitecture includes features such as
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841:, a more radical revision of the microarchitecture. The
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600:
The Willamette and Northwood cores contain a 20-stage
516:
CPUs to the new architecture as well. Pentium 4-based
500:, released on November 20, 2000 and the first of the
2041:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2050:"The microarchitecture of Intel, AMD and VIA CPUs"
2067:
1898:List of Intel Celeron processors (NetBurst-based)
849:to 1 MB, and 2 MB in Prescott 2M), a much deeper
3374:
2195:The Microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 Processor
1528:Backported Sunny Cove microarchitecture for 14nm
873:microarchitecture (as with hyper-threading, all
2094:"The future of Intel's manufacturing processes"
1967:"Replay: Unknown Features of the NetBurst Core"
540:
2586:
1913:List of Intel Xeon processors (NetBurst-based)
2215:
2115:"Intel says Adios to Tejas and Jayhawk chips"
935:
595:
580:
1833:core used in the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.
544:
2222:
2208:
942:
928:
681:
548:
619:
520:CPUs also use the NetBurst architecture.
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1989:"The Trace Cache Branch Prediction Unit"
1310:L3-cache introduced, 256KB L2-cache/core
640:
3300:Process–architecture–optimization model
1936:
1836:
686:The Intel NetBurst architecture allows
569:Hyper-threading is Intel's proprietary
3398:Computer-related introductions in 2000
3375:
2159:
2076:"Demystifying Intel Branch Predictors"
1009:
362:1-2 (2-4 threads with hyper-threading)
2203:
1089:
987:
923:
2229:
2133:
1893:List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
853:(31 stages as compared to 20 in the
694:
527:based on P6, released in July 2006.
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
2047:
1774:indicates cancelled processors
1330:Introduced GPU on same package and
908:being the 65 nm die-shrink of
835:In February 2004, Intel introduced
774:Pentium 4 HT Extreme Edition, Xeon
772:Celeron D, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 HT,
504:CPUs; all subsequent Pentium 4 and
13:
2091:
1908:List of Intel Pentium D processors
1903:List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
1391:Fully integrated voltage regulator
558:
14:
3409:
2188:
2136:"Intel cancels Tejas and Jayhawk"
704:, inspired by the P6 Core of the
577:after its absence in the Core 2.
16:Intel processor microarchitecture
3315:Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics
1428:introduced on mainstream desktop
666:
25:
2403:P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)
2153:
2048:Fog, Agner (December 1, 2016).
2023:Intel's New Pentium 4 Processor
1993:Intel's New Pentium 4 Processor
1973:. March 6, 2016. Archived from
1939:"The Intel Pentium 4 Processor"
1258:4 cores on mainstream desktop,
523:NetBurst was replaced with the
214:Architecture and classification
177:100 MT/s to 1066 MT/s
36:needs additional citations for
2160:Shilov, Anton (May 21, 2007).
2127:
2107:
2085:
2011:
1981:
1959:
1930:
1721:Low power mobile only (9-30W)
1508:10 cores on mainstream desktop
1225:
624:With this technology, the two
1:
1937:Carmean, Doug (Spring 2002).
1923:
1498:8 cores on mainstream desktop
1457:6 cores on mainstream desktop
1348:On-die ring bus, no more non-
950:Intel CPU core roadmaps from
530:
1796:
904:cores on two separate dies (
816:Intel replaced the original
722:
166:1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz
7:
1881:
1780:are microarchitectures
571:simultaneous multithreading
484:, was the successor to the
10:
3414:
985:
974:
969:
915:
861:, the introduction of the
726:
715:-S, and most directly the
670:
644:
596:Hyper-Pipelined Technology
581:Quad-Pumped Front-Side Bus
562:
541:Hyper Pipelined Technology
474:NetBurst microarchitecture
411:Products, models, variants
3383:Intel x86 microprocessors
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2730:
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1859:Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
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1314:
1304:reintroduced, integrated
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1110:
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1016:
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750:Celeron, Pentium 4, Xeon
747:Willamette (180 nm)
575:Nehalem microarchitecture
498:Willamette-core Pentium 4
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3388:Intel microarchitectures
1876:, from 2001 through 2006
900:, which consists of two
793:Smithfield (90 nm)
785:Celeron D, Pentium 4 HT
782:Cedar Mill (65 nm)
758:Northwood (130 nm)
494:central processing units
1869:Pentium Extreme Edition
682:Branch prediction hints
280:Physical specifications
3393:X86 microarchitectures
2398:P6 variant (Pentium M)
1807:Core microarchitecture
1786:are future processors
1635:Hybrid, DDR5, PCIe 5.0
869:64-bit version of the
857:), a heavily improved
769:Prescott (90 nm)
702:Core microarchitecture
626:arithmetic logic units
620:Rapid Execution Engine
614:instructions per clock
545:Rapid Execution Engine
525:Core microarchitecture
193:8 KB to 16 KB per core
139:; 23 years ago
824:in January 2002. The
804:Presler (65 nm)
661:micro-operation cache
641:Execution Trace Cache
606:branch mispredictions
549:Execution Trace Cache
1837:NetBurst-based chips
1815:P6 microarchitecture
1580:512 KB L2-cache/core
851:instruction pipeline
602:instruction pipeline
486:P6 microarchitecture
230:Instruction set
209:4 MB to 16 MB shared
45:improve this article
2172:on October 17, 2015
2092:Shimpi, Anand Lal.
2029:. November 20, 2000
1999:. November 20, 2000
739:Processor Brand(s)
129:General information
125:
3197:Sandy Bridge-based
2366:Microarchitectures
2351:Microarchitectures
2134:Goodwins, Rupert.
1955:on April 19, 2018.
1844:Celeron (NetBurst)
1226:Nehalem (NetBurst)
123:
3370:
3369:
3283:
3282:
2656:
2655:
2575:
2574:
1977:on March 6, 2016.
1803:Tejas and Jayhawk
1793:
1792:
1768:
1767:
1207:Cedarmill (Tejas)
814:
813:
695:Scaling-up issues
688:branch prediction
470:
469:
220:Microarchitecture
201:128 KB to 4096 KB
144:November 20, 2000
137:November 20, 2000
121:
120:
113:
95:
3405:
3202:Ivy Bridge-based
2793:8/16-bit databus
2665:
2664:
2584:
2583:
2580:Current products
2371:
2370:
2231:Intel processors
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2168:. Archived from
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2100:
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2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1985:
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1957:
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1954:
1948:. Archived from
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944:
937:
930:
921:
920:
859:branch predictor
807:Pentium D, Xeon
796:Pentium D, Xeon
742:Pipeline stages
733:
732:
678:been fulfilled.
653:micro-operations
311:(C0, D0, E0, G1)
304:(B0, C1, D1, M0)
297:(B2, C1, D0, E0)
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3295:Tick–tock model
3279:
3223:
3212:Broadwell-based
3103:Extreme Edition
3035:
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2002:
2000:
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1918:Tick–tock model
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1839:
1799:
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1598:graphics engine
1309:
1055:
1041:
1027:
955:
954:to Panther Lake
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918:
830:Hyper-threading
773:
731:
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684:
675:
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643:
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588:and derivatives
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565:Hyper-threading
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559:Hyper-threading
537:Hyper-threading
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3014:NetBurst-based
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2826:
2821:
2820:32-bit databus
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2802:16-bit databus
2800:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2742:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2189:External links
2187:
2184:
2183:
2152:
2126:
2106:
2084:
2066:
2040:
2027:Tom's Hardware
2010:
1997:Tom's Hardware
1980:
1958:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Megahertz myth
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1772:Strike-through
1766:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
998:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
975:
973:
970:
968:
960:
957:
956:
947:
946:
939:
932:
924:
917:
914:
812:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
779:
778:
775:
770:
766:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
751:
748:
744:
743:
740:
737:
727:Main article:
724:
721:
696:
693:
683:
680:
671:Main article:
668:
665:
645:Main article:
642:
639:
630:barrel shifter
621:
618:
597:
594:
582:
579:
563:Main article:
560:
557:
532:
529:
468:
467:
458:
454:
453:
448:
444:
443:
439:
438:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
417:
413:
412:
408:
407:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
373:
371:
367:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
351:
350:
348:
347:
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
298:
290:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
274:
273:
254:
252:
248:
247:
232:
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
191:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
168:
167:
164:
154:
153:
149:
148:
135:
131:
130:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3410:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3217:Skylake-based
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Haswell-based
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Nehalem-based
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Original i586
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:Goldmont Plus
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2095:
2088:
2077:
2070:
2051:
2044:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Goldmont Plus
1474:
1473:Goldmont Plus
1470:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:(166–200 MHz)
1054:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
983:
979:
967:
963:
958:
953:
945:
940:
938:
933:
931:
926:
925:
922:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
780:
776:
771:
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
756:
752:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
692:
689:
679:
674:
673:Replay system
667:Replay system
664:
663:(UOP cache).
662:
658:
654:
648:
638:
636:
631:
627:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
593:
592:
589:
578:
576:
572:
566:
556:
554:
553:replay system
550:
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
466:
462:
459:
455:
452:
449:
445:
440:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
418:
414:
409:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
372:
368:
361:
360:
358:
356:
352:
345:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
296:
292:
291:
289:
287:
283:
278:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
236:
233:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
190:
185:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
163:
160:
155:
150:
136:
132:
127:
115:
112:
104:
101:November 2013
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2661:Discontinued
2498:Cypress Cove
2457:Sandy Bridge
2409:
2176:November 29,
2174:. Retrieved
2170:the original
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2139:
2129:
2120:The Register
2118:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2087:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2055:. p. 36
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1992:
1983:
1975:the original
1970:
1961:
1950:the original
1932:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1800:
1784:Italic names
1783:
1777:
1771:
1760:Panther Lake
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1729:
1711:
1691:
1686:architecture
1668:Redwood Cove
1667:
1654:
1620:
1603:
1565:
1548:
1533:
1519:Cypress Cove
1513:
1483:Whiskey Lake
1472:
1433:
1415:
1381:
1357:
1352:motherboards
1344:Sandy Bridge
1339:Sandy Bridge
1338:
1291:
1267:
1248:
1224:
1205:
1189:
1141:NetBurst(HT)
1128:
1085:
1017:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
891:
886:
874:
854:
846:
842:
837:
836:
834:
825:
821:
817:
815:
709:
698:
685:
676:
657:Sandy Bridge
650:
623:
608:by 33% over
599:
584:
568:
534:
522:
509:
477:
473:
471:
339:(B1, C1, D0)
332:(B1, C1, D0)
318:(M0, N0, R0)
272: (some)
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2510:Golden Cove
2505:Willow Cove
2486:Cannon Lake
1811:Pentium Pro
1754:Cougar Cove
1677:Mobile-only
1673:Meteor Lake
1645:Raptor Lake
1641:Raptor Cove
1626:Golden Cove
1621:Golden Cove
1586:Willow Cove
1560:Mobile-only
1555:Cannon Lake
1553:Palm Cove (
1523:Rocket Lake
1493:Coffee Lake
1487:Mobile-only
1467:Mobile-only
1453:Coffee Lake
1175:Prescott‑2M
1053:Pentium Pro
1039:Pentium Pro
1025:Pentium Pro
713:Pentium III
706:Pentium Pro
647:Trace cache
610:Pentium III
447:Predecessor
286:Transistors
152:Performance
3377:Categories
3305:Intel GPUs
3019:Core-based
2783:(external
2671:oriented (
2541:Silvermont
2493:Sunny Cove
2462:Ivy Bridge
2245:Processors
2145:August 21,
1924:References
1797:Successor
1778:Bold names
1731:Arrow Lake
1717:Lunar Lake
1630:Alder Lake
1617:(10nm ESF)
1590:Tiger Lake
1571:Sunny Cove
1566:Sunny Cove
1514:Sunny Cove
1504:Comet Lake
1463:Amber Lake
1373:Ivy Bridge
1363:Silvermont
1358:Silvermont
1262:introduced
1234:Cedar Mill
1183:Smithfield
1105:Willamette
1100:Coppermine
1001:Microarch.
993:Microarch.
966:Atom (ULV)
906:Cedar Mill
902:Cedar Mill
894:Smithfield
818:Willamette
531:Technology
492:family of
461:Intel Core
457:Successors
392:Socket 604
387:Socket 603
382:Socket 478
377:Socket 423
251:Extensions
162:clock rate
71:newspapers
60:"NetBurst"
3357:Codenames
3270:StrongARM
3108:Dual-Core
3081:Dual-Core
2992:Dual-Core
2962:OverDrive
2911:A100/A110
2904:OverDrive
2698:pre-x86 (
2565:Gracemont
2474:Broadwell
2059:March 22,
2033:April 30,
2003:April 30,
1864:Pentium D
1854:Pentium 4
1849:Celeron D
1827:Northwood
1712:Lion Cove
1659:Crestmont
1655:Crestmont
1609:Gracemont
1604:Gracemont
1444:Kaby Lake
1407:Broadwell
1147:NetBurst(
1129:Pentium M
1122:Northwood
1074:Deschutes
1042:(150 MHz)
1028:(133 MHz)
972:Node name
855:Northwood
847:Northwood
826:Northwood
822:Northwood
736:Revision
729:Pentium 4
723:Revisions
717:Pentium M
506:Pentium D
502:Pentium 4
476:, called
431:Pentium D
428:Pentium 4
425:Celeron D
3362:Larrabee
3240:iAPX 432
3175:11th gen
3170:10th gen
3009:P6-based
2899:RapidCAD
2641:14th gen
2636:13th gen
2631:12th gen
2626:11th gen
2621:10th gen
2548:Goldmont
2536:Saltwell
2450:Westmere
2410:NetBurst
2356:Chipsets
2166:XbitLabs
2099:April 4,
1971:XbitLabs
1882:See also
1831:Gallatin
1746:Darkmont
1741:Darkmont
1726:? (TSMC)
1575:Ice Lake
1439:Goldmont
1434:Goldmont
1326:Westmere
1316:Saltwell
1167:Prescott
1117:Tualatin
1086:NetBurst
910:Prescott
887:Prescott
875:Prescott
843:Prescott
838:Prescott
710:Tualatin
325:(A0, B0)
224:NetBurst
206:L3 cache
198:L2 cache
134:Launched
124:NetBurst
3352:Stratix
3288:Related
3250:Itanium
3165:9th gen
3160:8th gen
3155:7th gen
3150:6th gen
3145:5th gen
3140:4th gen
3135:3rd gen
3130:2nd gen
3125:1st gen
3088:Pentium
3071:Celeron
3031:Tolapai
2952:Pentium
2935:(1998)
2933:Celeron
2824:80387DX
2816:80387SX
2611:Pentium
2606:Celeron
2560:Tremont
2531:Bonnell
2481:Skylake
2469:Haswell
2445:Nehalem
2344:Itanium
2260:Pentium
2255:Celeron
1697:Skymont
1692:Skymont
1684:chiplet
1663:Intel 4
1614:Intel 7
1549:Skylake
1539:Tremont
1534:Tremont
1495:Refresh
1421:Skylake
1416:Skylake
1397:Airmont
1387:Haswell
1382:Haswell
1297:Nehalem
1292:Nehalem
1273:Bonnell
1268:Bonnell
1242:Presler
1062:Klamath
978:Pentium
916:Roadmap
898:Presler
883:Pentium
708:to the
659:called
518:Celeron
488:in the
480:inside
442:History
422:Celeron
402:LGA 775
397:LGA 771
370:Sockets
142: (
85:scholar
3275:XScale
3045:64-bit
3041:x86-64
2946:(2004)
2843:32-bit
2806:80C187
2799:(1980)
2772:(1982)
2766:(1982)
2760:(1982)
2754:(1979)
2748:(1978)
2737:16-bit
2731:Early
2723:(1977)
2717:(1974)
2711:(1972)
2690:(1974)
2684:(1971)
2592:64-bit
2588:x86-64
2438:Penryn
2424:64-bit
2420:x86-64
2379:32-bit
1332:AES-NI
1283:Penryn
1162:Dothan
1134:Banias
1112:130 nm
1095:180 nm
1081:Katmai
1069:250 nm
1048:350 nm
1034:500 nm
1013:600 nm
867:x86-64
635:Athlon
551:, and
510:Foster
416:Models
302:130 nm
295:180 nm
246:(some)
244:x86-64
235:x86-16
174:speeds
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3347:PIIXs
3228:Other
3026:Quark
2839:IA-32
2829:80487
2811:80287
2770:80286
2764:80188
2758:80186
2700:8-bit
2673:4-bit
2375:IA-32
2339:Quark
2238:Lists
2140:ZDNet
2079:(PDF)
2053:(PDF)
1953:(PDF)
1946:Intel
1942:(PDF)
1544:10 nm
1402:14 nm
1368:22 nm
1321:32 nm
1308:, PCH
1278:45 nm
1254:Merom
1220:Yonah
1215:65 nm
1191:Tejas
1157:90 nm
482:Intel
465:IA-64
355:Cores
344:65 nm
342:328M
337:65 nm
335:376M
330:65 nm
328:188M
323:90 nm
321:230M
316:90 nm
314:169M
309:90 nm
307:125M
239:IA-32
189:cache
182:Cache
157:Max.
92:JSTOR
78:books
3342:ICHs
3337:SCHs
3332:PCHs
3265:i960
3260:i860
3255:RISC
3245:EPIC
3235:CISC
3187:Xeon
3115:Core
3054:Atom
3004:Xeon
2999:Core
2916:Atom
2874:i486
2852:i386
2845:x86)
2797:8087
2785:FPUs
2752:8088
2746:8086
2721:8085
2715:8080
2709:8008
2688:4040
2682:4004
2648:Xeon
2616:Core
2601:Atom
2433:Core
2381:x86)
2334:Xeon
2297:Core
2250:Atom
2178:2015
2147:2019
2101:2018
2061:2017
2035:2021
2005:2021
1874:Xeon
1819:TDPs
1706:TSMC
1426:DDR4
1350:UEFI
1260:DDR3
1249:Core
1005:Step
997:Step
982:Core
879:Xeon
863:SSE3
514:Xeon
472:The
434:Xeon
346:(B0)
300:55M
293:42M
270:SSE3
266:SSE2
64:news
3325:Arc
3310:GMA
3059:SoC
2977:III
2967:Pro
2926:SoC
2889:DX4
2884:DX2
2862:376
2781:x87
2733:x86
2669:BCD
2523:ULV
2520:x86
2275:III
2265:Pro
1750:18A
1702:N3B
1680:NPU
912:).
871:x86
810:31
799:31
788:31
777:31
764:20
753:20
490:x86
478:P68
262:SSE
258:MMX
187:L1
172:FSB
159:CPU
47:by
3379::
3320:Xe
3064:CE
2972:II
2921:CE
2894:SL
2879:SX
2867:EX
2857:SX
2393:P6
2388:P5
2322:i9
2317:i7
2312:i5
2307:i3
2270:II
2164:.
2138:.
2117:.
2025:.
2021:.
1995:.
1991:.
1969:.
1944:.
1682:,
1306:MC
1302:HT
1149:Ă—2
1019:P6
952:P6
719:.
637:.
547:,
543:,
539:,
451:P6
268:,
264:,
260:,
237:,
3180:M
3120:2
3098:D
3093:4
3076:D
3047:)
3043:(
2987:M
2982:4
2944:D
2939:M
2841:(
2787:)
2739:)
2735:(
2702:)
2675:)
2594:)
2590:(
2426:)
2422:(
2377:(
2327:M
2302:2
2290:M
2285:D
2280:4
2223:e
2216:t
2209:v
2180:.
2149:.
2123:.
2103:.
2081:.
2063:.
2037:.
2007:.
1813:(
1708:)
1704:(
1647:)
1643:(
1632:)
1628:(
1596:X
1592:)
1588:(
1577:)
1573:(
1557:)
1525:)
1521:(
1238:⇨
1202:→
1199:⇩
1196:→
1179:⇨
1171:⇨
1151:)
980:/
943:e
936:t
929:v
586:(
241:,
146:)
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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