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of appropriately placed bat-boxes; however, species that roost in foliage or large cavities will not use bat boxes. Bat boxes are typically made out of wood, and there are several designs for boxes with single or multiple chambers. Directions for making the open bottom bat houses for small and large colonies, as well as locations to purchase them are available on the internet. Colour and placement is important to ensuring that bat boxes are used; bat boxes that are too shaded will not heat up enough to attract a
45:
1136:
1122:
314:
2795:
2805:
2815:
259:. Currently there are 42 roost boxes using the "Stebbings Design" which have peaked at 280 bats roosting in them. The biggest problem with roosting boxes of any kind is the ongoing maintenance; problems include boxes falling down, wood deteriorating, and pests such as ants, the occasional rat, possums, and spiders.
250:
Bat boxes differ from bird nest-boxes in typical design, with the larger opening on the underside of the box, and are more often referred to as bat boxes, although in regard to the rearing of young, they serve the same purpose. Some threatened bat species can be locally supported with the provision
163:
The diameter of the opening in a nest-box has a very strong influence on the species of birds that will use the box. Many small birds select boxes with a hole only just large enough for an adult bird to pass through. This may be an adaptation to prevent other birds from raiding it. In
European
150:
Nest boxes should be made from untreated wood with an overhanging, sloped roof, a recessed floor, drainage and ventilation holes, a way to access the interior for monitoring and cleaning, and have no outside perches which could assist predators. Boxes may either have an entrance hole or be
226:
have been shown to prefer woodcrete boxes rather than wooden ones. Birds nesting in woodcrete sites had earlier clutches, a shorter incubation period, and more reproductive success, perhaps because the synthetic nests were warmer than their wooden counterparts.
113:
and other human activities since the mid-20th century have caused severe declines in birds' natural habitats, introducing hurdles to breeding. Nest boxes can help prevent bird extinction, as it was shown in the case of
234:) may prefer them to be very low or even at ground level. Orientation relative to the sun is also important, with many birds preferring their boxes to be away from direct sun and sheltered from the prevailing rain.
328:
343:
387:
367:
3092:
230:
Placement of the nest box is also significant. Some birds (including birds of prey) prefer their nest box to be at a particular height, while others (such as
2688:
1090:
2851:
3102:
758:
1021:
151:
open-fronted. Some nest boxes can be highly decorated and complex, sometimes mimicking human houses or other structures. They may also contain
394:
931:
307:, bumble-bees, or other insects may build their nests inside a nest box intended for other animals, and may exclude the intended species.
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677:
91:
may also use them. Placing nestboxes or roosting boxes may also be used to help maintain populations of particular species in an area.
3062:
633:
480:
957:
2844:
1170:
845:
437:"Nest site selection and efficacy of artificial nests for breeding success of Scarlet Macaws Ara macao macao in lowland Peru"
879:
474:
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1051:
2837:
742:
1078:
905:
2808:
2693:
813:
707:
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1097:
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to capture birds for meat. The use of nest boxes for other purposes began in the mid-18th century, and naturalist
2673:
861:
412:
2683:
2393:
1411:
501:
Dulisz, Beata; Stawicka, Anna Maria; Knozowski, Paweł; Diserens, Tom A.; Nowakowski, Jacek J. (2022-01-01).
415:: birds can help controlling pests in agriculture; section also details the planting of food crops for birds
2818:
2020:
586:"Effect of nestbox construction and colour on the occupancy and breeding success of nesting tits Parus spp"
313:
219:. Seasonally removing old nest material and parasites is important if they are to be successfully re-used.
835:
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1870:
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The size of the nest box also affects the bird species likely to use the box. Very small boxes attract
27:
991:
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of bats. Australian bat box projects have been running for over 12 years in particular at the
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1464:
685:
503:"Effectiveness of using nest boxes as a form of bird protection after building modernization"
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Olah, George; Vigo, Gabriela; Heinsohn, Robert; Brightsmith, Donald J. (2014).
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708:"Lights, Camera, Action! Nest Box Cam technology reveals rarely seen events"
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Nest boxes are getting more attention because increasing industrialization,
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759:"Effect of nestbox type on occupancy and breeding biology of tree sparrows
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106:
95:
20:
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GarcĂa-Navas, Vicente; Arroyo, Luis; Sanz, Juan JosĂ©; DĂaz, Mario (2008).
3011:
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will nest in metal. Some boxes are made from a mixture of wood and
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293:. Depending on the animal, these boxes may be used for roosting,
290:
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500:
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The material used in the construction may also be significant.
155:
so that use of, and activity within, the box can be monitored.
84:
1148:
164:
countries, an opening of 2.5 cm in diameter will attract
26:"Birdhouse" and "Bird box" redirect here. For other uses, see
2971:
2602:
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1912:
1703:
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1517:
1497:
1474:
1449:
1369:
678:"Putting up a nest box | BTO - British Trust for Ornithology"
1091:"Birds Australia Information Sheet 5: Nestboxes for Natives"
2501:
2030:
1967:
1892:
1773:
1728:
1723:
1459:
1203:
434:
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274:
231:
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132:
102:
was the first to produce nest boxes on a commercial scale.
88:
68:
64:
756:
2627:
2118:
1887:
1713:
1607:
1439:
216:
182:, and an opening of 3 cm in diameter will attract
956:
Tuttle, Merlin D.; Kiser, Mark; Kiser, Selena (2013).
2689:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
194:, an opening of 3.2 cm in diameter will attract
176:; an opening of 2.8 cm in diameter will attract
934:. Organization for Bat Conservation. Archived from
381:, note the use of different diameter entrance holes
147:. Ceramic and plastic nestboxes are not suitable.
63:, is a man-made enclosure provided for animals to
67:in. Nest boxes are most frequently utilized for
3093:Buildings and structures used to confine animals
3054:
965:. Bat Conservation International. Archived from
955:
882:. Bat Conservation International. Archived from
297:, or both, or, as in the case with butterflies,
908:. National Wildlife Federation. Archived from
2859:
2845:
1164:
732:
158:
1015:
1013:
992:"Out My Backdoor: Do Butterfly Boxes Work?"
929:
2852:
2838:
1171:
1157:
837:Various nest box designs (various species)
705:
430:
428:
1083:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
1019:
1010:
880:"Single chamber bat house (wall mounted)"
786:
609:
526:
481:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
395:University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum
334:Two wasp nests inside a nest box set for
37:For the episode of the series Ozark, see
16:Man-made enclosure for animals to nest in
3103:Habitat management equipment and methods
2679:Building and Wood Workers' International
1107:
241:
43:
983:
833:
425:
237:
126:
3055:
923:
750:
735:HDRA encyclopedia of organic gardening
583:
2833:
1152:
1044:
897:
273:Nest boxes are marketed not only for
71:, in which case they are also called
2814:
998:. GA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
949:
2804:
2664:American Association of Woodturners
989:
872:
246:A typical bat box affixed to a post
13:
2934:
834:Cromack, David (23 January 2018).
652:"Attracting Birds With Nest Boxes"
14:
3119:
3063:Shelters built or used by animals
2694:National Wood Carvers Association
1071:
903:
840:. British Trust for Ornithology.
584:Browne, Stephen J. (2006-07-01).
2813:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2669:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1134:
1120:
959:The Bat House Builder's Handbook
779:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00799.x
386:
366:
342:
327:
312:
262:
211:and very large ones may attract
1178:
1052:"Managing Nest Box Competitors"
932:"Why Are Bat Houses Important?"
854:
827:
816:from the original on 2017-05-16
802:
726:
706:Phillips, Tina; Cooper, Caren.
441:Journal for Nature Conservation
121:
109:, modern construction methods,
2674:British Woodworking Federation
1108:McDonald, Rob (12 July 2006).
1020:Bergström, Nina (2011-06-19).
699:
670:
656:The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
644:
626:
577:
551:
494:
467:
353:in the wall of a homestead in
23:, also known as a nesting box.
1:
2684:Caricature Carvers of America
1139:The dictionary definition of
1125:The dictionary definition of
930:Boleky, Vaughan (2005–2006).
507:Biodiversity and Conservation
419:
51:at the entrance of a nest box
1028:(in Swedish). Archived from
7:
559:"Before Buying a Birdhouse"
475:"The history of nest boxes"
401:
94:Nest boxes were used since
10:
3124:
1022:"Fixa fint för fjärilarna"
810:"Falcon nest box position"
712:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
528:10.1007/s10531-021-02334-0
266:
159:Bird nest box construction
36:
28:Birdhouse (disambiguation)
25:
18:
2945:
2932:
2871:
2789:
2763:
2712:
2699:Society of Wood Engravers
2656:
2570:
2520:
2477:
2349:
2342:
2230:
2117:
2059:
1878:
1869:
1812:
1483:
1402:
1393:
1217:
1186:
906:"Why I Built A Bat House"
611:10.1080/00063650609461432
563:Duncraft's Wild Bird Blog
461:10.1016/j.jnc.2013.11.003
349:Traditional nest box for
257:Organ Pipes National Park
32:Bird Box (disambiguation)
281:and mammals, especially
118:in the Peruvian Amazon.
19:Not to be confused with
413:Biological pest control
131:Nest boxes are usually
2939:
2776:Frameless construction
1857:Wood-plastic composite
737:, Dorling Kindersley,
733:Pauline Pears (2005),
247:
52:
2938:
408:Artificial bird nests
322:nesting in a nest box
245:
47:
2704:Timber Framers Guild
1558:Australian Blackwood
714:. Cornell University
658:. Cornell University
238:Bat box construction
127:General construction
100:August von Berlepsch
2891:Concrete Aboriginal
2424:Hammer-headed tenon
1943:Janka hardness test
862:"Siting a nest-box"
602:2006BirdS..53..187B
519:2022BiCon..31..277D
453:2014JNatC..22..176O
2987:Landscape lighting
2940:
1285:Japanese carpentry
990:Johnson, Terry W.
248:
179:Ficedula hypoleuca
53:
3068:Bird conservation
3050:
3049:
2997:Outdoor fireplace
2827:
2826:
2781:Green woodworking
2638:Wood preservation
2566:
2565:
2469:Tongue and groove
2449:Mortise and tenon
2338:
2337:
2036:Warrington hammer
1865:
1864:
1553:African Blackwood
1345:Segmented turning
847:978-1-908581-84-6
763:in central Spain"
197:Passer domesticus
167:Poecile palustris
3115:
3098:Garden ornaments
3083:Birds and humans
2977:Garden furniture
2911:Plastic flamingo
2865:garden ornaments
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2817:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2347:
2346:
2016:Thickness planer
1876:
1875:
1670:(lime, basswood)
1400:
1399:
1260:Chainsaw carving
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1124:
1117:
1104:
1102:
1096:. Archived from
1095:
1086:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1017:
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987:
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927:
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918:
917:
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891:
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870:
869:
858:
852:
851:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
791:. Archived from
790:
754:
748:
747:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
703:
697:
696:
694:
693:
684:. Archived from
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
648:
642:
641:
630:
624:
623:
613:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
555:
549:
548:
530:
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
471:
465:
464:
432:
393:Nest Box at the
390:
370:
346:
331:
316:
253:maternity colony
173:Poecile montanus
153:nest box cameras
49:Eastern bluebird
39:Nest Box (Ozark)
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
2941:
2930:
2886:Bathtub Madonna
2867:
2858:
2828:
2823:
2785:
2771:Frame and panel
2759:
2708:
2652:
2562:
2521:Surface piecing
2516:
2473:
2394:Crown of thorns
2334:
2320:Smoothing plane
2226:
2113:
2055:
1958:Milling machine
1861:
1822:Cross-laminated
1808:
1479:
1389:
1360:Spindle turning
1350:Shingle weaving
1320:Pallet crafting
1213:
1182:
1177:
1114:Southern Spaces
1100:
1093:
1089:
1079:"Nest box page"
1077:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1011:
1001:
999:
996:Out My Backdoor
988:
984:
975:
973:
969:
962:
954:
950:
941:
939:
928:
924:
915:
913:
902:
898:
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887:
878:
877:
873:
860:
859:
855:
848:
832:
828:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
795:
761:Passer montanus
755:
751:
745:
731:
727:
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715:
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382:
371:
362:
347:
338:
332:
323:
317:
277:, but also for
271:
265:
240:
191:Passer montanus
161:
135:, although the
129:
124:
59:, also spelled
42:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
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3080:
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3065:
3048:
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3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:Hanging basket
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Concrete goose
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
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2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2825:
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2811:
2801:
2790:
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2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2750:Quarter sawing
2747:
2742:
2740:Wood splitting
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2648:Wood finishing
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Paint stripper
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Shoulder plane
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Moulding plane
2287:
2282:
2280:Japanese plane
2277:
2272:
2270:Grooving plane
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
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937:
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3088:Bird feeding
3078:Birdwatching
3042:Wishing well
3032:Weather vane
2991:
2901:Garden gnome
2588:Heat bending
2533:Edge banding
2305:Router plane
2300:Rebate plane
2260:Finger plane
1991:
1695:
1689:
1669:
1663:Lignum vitae
1421:
1415:
1380:Wood carving
1355:Shipbuilding
1340:Root carving
1300:Log building
1265:Chip carving
1141:
1127:
1113:
1110:"Birdhouses"
1098:the original
1082:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
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1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1025:
1000:. Retrieved
995:
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967:the original
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936:the original
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910:the original
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884:the original
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793:the original
788:10261/110551
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686:the original
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567:. Retrieved
565:. 2010-03-10
562:
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485:. Retrieved
478:
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440:
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272:
269:Insect hotel
249:
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209:treecreepers
202:
195:
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162:
149:
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130:
122:Construction
107:urban growth
104:
93:
80:
76:
72:
60:
56:
54:
21:whelping box
3108:Woodworking
3073:Ornithology
3012:Suikinkutsu
2906:Lawn jockey
2809:WikiProject
2755:Rift sawing
2745:Flat sawing
2633:Wood drying
2310:Scrub plane
2295:Razee plane
2245:Block plane
2099:Mitre clamp
2046:Wood scribe
1997:Combination
1739:Purpleheart
1435:Douglas fir
1385:Woodturning
1218:Occupations
1180:Woodworking
1002:17 December
682:www.bto.org
336:boreal owls
299:hibernation
279:butterflies
185:Parus major
96:Roman times
83:, but some
3057:Categories
3037:Wind chime
3002:Rain chain
2967:Eyecatcher
2960:Window box
2955:Flower box
2926:Yard globe
2916:Suncatcher
2764:Techniques
2713:Conversion
2643:Wood stain
2571:Treatments
2359:Birdsmouth
2325:Spokeshave
2275:Jack plane
2265:Fore plane
2104:Pipe clamp
2069:Band clamp
1993:Carpenters
1814:Engineered
1764:Rubberwood
1613:Eucalyptus
1417:Calocedrus
1330:Pyrography
1295:Kohlrosing
1061:2014-09-12
1056:Nest Watch
976:2016-10-19
942:2007-11-17
916:2007-11-17
890:2007-11-17
820:2014-05-16
692:2017-03-05
590:Bird Study
487:2023-06-02
420:References
267:See also:
73:birdhouses
3007:Sculpture
2921:Whirligig
2881:Bird bath
2553:Parquetry
2548:Oystering
2543:Marquetry
2384:Butterfly
2051:Workbench
1983:Sandpaper
1963:Mitre box
1908:Drawknife
1898:Burnisher
1883:Abrasives
1832:Hardboard
1493:Afromosia
1375:Whittling
1325:Parquetry
1310:Marquetry
1255:Certosina
1250:Carpentry
1240:Cabinetry
1187:Overviews
1128:birdhouse
1026:Expressen
634:"Details"
620:0006-3657
545:244640243
537:1572-9710
320:Great tit
287:squirrels
145:woodcrete
143:, called
2992:Nest box
2799:Category
2578:Adhesive
2558:Purfling
2538:Intarsia
2479:Profiles
2404:Dovetail
2343:Geometry
2182:Hand saw
2167:Crosscut
2152:Circular
2147:Chainsaw
2094:Holdfast
1759:Rosewood
1691:American
1686:Mahogany
1658:Jelutong
1628:Hornbeam
1593:Cocobolo
1588:Chestnut
1503:Andiroba
1315:Millwork
1280:Intarsia
1275:Fretwork
1270:Ébéniste
1199:Glossary
1142:nest box
814:Archived
718:12 March
662:12 March
638:The RSPB
569:12 March
402:See also
359:Ethiopia
355:Zerfenti
295:breeding
291:opossums
283:arboreal
224:Sparrows
141:concrete
87:such as
81:bird box
57:nest box
3022:Topiary
3017:Sundial
2819:Commons
2735:Whipsaw
2730:Sawmill
2623:Varnish
2618:Thermal
2593:Lacquer
2528:Binding
2497:Chamfer
2364:Biscuit
2330:Surform
2222:Whipsaw
2192:Keyhole
2177:Fretsaw
2157:Compass
2142:Bucksaw
2132:Bandsaw
2127:Backsaw
2109:Sawbuck
2079:F-clamp
2074:C-clamp
1948:Jointer
1852:Plywood
1804:Zebrano
1744:Ovankol
1709:Meranti
1697:African
1668:Linden
1623:Hickory
1578:Cedrela
1573:Camphor
1568:Bubinga
1563:Boxwood
1543:Bilinga
1528:Avodire
1445:Juniper
1430:Cypress
1305:Luthier
1194:History
1036:28 June
598:Bibcode
515:Bibcode
449:Bibcode
85:mammals
77:birdbox
61:nestbox
2947:Garden
2725:Hewing
2464:Splice
2419:Halved
2414:Groove
2409:Finger
2389:Coping
2374:Bridle
2351:Joints
2232:Planes
2217:Veneer
2207:Scroll
2202:Ripsaw
2187:Jigsaw
2162:Coping
2061:Clamps
1988:Square
1978:Shaper
1973:Router
1953:Mallet
1928:Gimlet
1903:Chisel
1799:Willow
1789:Walnut
1779:Totara
1769:Sapele
1734:Poplar
1719:Padauk
1681:Merbau
1653:Jarrah
1638:Imbuia
1633:Idigbo
1598:Cumaru
1583:Cherry
1508:Anigre
1470:Spruce
1423:Cedrus
1290:Khatam
1245:Caning
1208:lumber
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133:wooden
2972:Folly
2603:Paint
2512:Ovolo
2507:Ogive
2492:Bevel
2459:Scarf
2444:Miter
2212:Table
2197:Miter
2172:Frame
2089:Gripe
2005:Speed
2001:Miter
1933:Gauge
1923:Float
1918:Fence
1913:Drill
1871:Tools
1794:Wenge
1784:Utile
1749:Ramin
1704:Maple
1676:Lovoa
1648:Iroko
1618:Hazel
1603:Ebony
1548:Birch
1538:Beech
1533:Balsa
1523:Aspen
1518:Apple
1498:Alder
1455:Kauri
1450:Larch
1412:Cedar
1395:Woods
1370:Treen
1101:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
970:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
541:S2CID
305:Wasps
275:birds
232:ducks
213:ducks
205:wrens
75:or a
69:birds
3027:TĹŤrĹŤ
2873:Lawn
2863:and
2861:Lawn
2502:Ogee
2487:Bead
2429:Knee
2399:Dado
2379:Butt
2119:Saws
2031:Vise
1968:Rasp
1893:Adze
1774:Teak
1729:Plum
1724:Pear
1485:Hard
1465:Rimu
1460:Pine
1404:Soft
1204:Wood
1038:2011
1004:2018
866:RSPB
842:ISBN
767:Ibis
739:ISBN
720:2014
664:2014
616:ISSN
571:2014
533:ISSN
479:The
289:and
217:owls
215:and
207:and
89:bats
65:nest
30:and
2628:Wax
2598:Oil
2434:Lap
2369:Box
2137:Bow
2009:Try
1888:Axe
1842:OSB
1837:MDF
1714:Oak
1643:IpĂŞ
1608:Elm
1513:Ash
1475:Yew
1440:Fir
783:hdl
775:doi
771:150
606:doi
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