465:, later Nepali Congress, was formed in 1947 and gained support from the Nepal Communist Party to stage an armed revolution against the Rana monarchy. Under significant international and domestic pressure, the royal family and the Nepali Congress agreed to institute a peaceful and stable transition of democracy regarded as the Delhi Compromise of 1951. A transitional government was instituted with in a constitutional monarchy framework, and elections won by the Nepali Congress Party which was instrumental in abolishing the Rana regime and ran on a social-democratic basis. In December 1960
29:
385:
2048:
675:
484:
2058:
544:
773:
331:
504:. Political representatives were strictly monitored on their loyalty to the monarch, and political representation held narrow. Popular discontent mounted in 1979 in student protests leading to a referendum on the future of the Panchayat system which resulted in the preservation of the Panchayat system with minor institutional reforms.
814:
which outlined the democratic framework to be instituted after the abolition of monarchy. This framework set out the formation of an internationally monitored interim government, holding free and fair elections in a system of governance which guarantees civil, political and human rights, as well as the rule of law.
861:
has been accused of suppressing the demonstrations with an unproportional use of force leading to a high-level investigation into law enforcement brutality towards the 2006 protests. After the release of the
Rayamajhi Commission the government implemented its recommendations and dismissed the chiefs
528:
as the official language despite Nepal's poly-religious and linguistic population. The restoration of democracy in Nepal solidified a shift to neoliberal government policies that promoted economic liberalisation such as the removal of price controls, privatisation and introduction of convertibility
523:
and professional unions staged protests which led to the closure of universities and schools. The protests culminated in the first Jana
Andolan, or People's Movement which pressured the King to reinstate multi-party democracy in the framework of a constitutional democracy. Its constitution declared
813:
An alliance of seven political parties developed a coalition government, abolished the monarchy and signed a peace agreement with Maoist insurgents in 2006. This was achieved through cooperation between main-stream political parties and the Maoist insurgency facilitated though a 12-point agreement
805:
news and media organisations, and shutting down telecommunications in parts of the country. The civil war developed into a military and political stalemate that ended in 2005. Protests against the political and economic situation drew an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 in Nepal's capital
311:
enforcing nation-wide oppression of media and civil society. Widespread protests headed by a coalition of seven
Nepalese Parties alongside the Maoists led to the resignation of the King and the reinstation of the Parliament, the abolishment of monarchy and transitioned Nepal towards a
575:. It resulted in a build-up of around 30,000 insurgency fighters and caused approximately 13,000 casualties with thousands unaccounted for. Nepal's first decade of democracy is considered turbulent due to frequent government changes, internal party battles and
518:
Following a trade dispute with India that resulted in price hikes and shortages of consumer goods a coalition of seven political factions and the Nepali
Congress lead a process of reintroduction of democracy in Nepal. In April 1990, students,
495:
which restructured political power to the King elections to holding direct elections at a communal level. While
Panchayat legislation formally guaranteed freedom of speech, it was restricted through a number of royal laws, including
865:
Following elections in 2008, the
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) won 38% of the votes contrary to international predictions. Furthermore, the election increased the representation of women and ethnic minorities.
785:
In 1996 the Maoist insurgency launched a violent campaign to overthrow the political-economic status quo, redistribute land and affect a ‘proletarian revolution’ in Nepal. The ensuing civil war caused
709:
politician and
Nepalese royalist who failed to negotiate a peace deal with the Maoists and faced the rise of a popular pro-democracy movement joined by major Nepali political parties, including the
280:
led to a referendum on the direction of the political system resulted in minor adaptations to the existing party-less system, at times increasing executive control over the opposition. A period of
690:, several constitution articles were suspended, especially ones relating to freedom of speech, expression, press, movement and rights to peaceful protest. The then prime minister
500:
legislation which prohibited critique of the royal family. The political reforms restructured and curtailed the parliament's autonomy and authority as the King held
745:
714:
112:
1657:
752:
left the civil movement and joined the government. The TADO legislation was further renewed and has contributed to Nepal’s record numbers of unexplained
556:
1645:
441:
The mid-20th century saw the emergence of an educated elite in Nepal due to an expansion of the country's education system leading to much increased
469:
dissolved the parliament and devised a ban on political parties and police jailed members of political parties and members of the national cabinet.
2013:
1644:
International
Commission of Jurists (2012), "Commissions of Inquiry in Nepal: Denying Remedies, Entrenching Impunity", accessed 29 May 2020,
626:, elections were boycotted, and armed rebellion was instigated. The government was presented with demands to institutionalise Nepal as a
258:, the long-established Nepalese royal family, in the mid-20th century which was influenced by ethnic and political developments from the
204:
was the combination of a series of political initiatives and movements from the 20th century to 2008 that advocated the establishment of
1448:
1413:
3384:
841:
bring all executive organs of government, such as police, army and administration under the influence of the republican government;
659:
and the government broke following an increase in violent attacks against the police and army. This triggered the declaration of a
656:
572:
1336:
2023:
1962:
2094:
1523:
678:
Checkpoints on the road leading from
Nepalgunj to Tikapur in western Nepal due to security concerns with the Maoist insurgents.
3379:
2395:
1629:
1498:
1466:
1431:
1371:
1312:
1258:
1081:
1045:
1010:
918:
1937:
1687:
1658:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67656/elections-np-2008.pdf
2346:
1169:
Bhattachan, Krishna (2005). "Nepal: From absolute monarchy to "democracy" and back -- The need for
Inclusive Democracy".
2714:
1982:
288:
popular movement resulting in the re-establishment of multi-party democracy under a constitutional monarchy framework.
2779:
1490:
Constitutional nationalism and legal exclusion : equality, identity politics, and democracy in Nepal (1990-2007)
619:
2748:
2635:
2366:
1646:
http://icj.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Nepal-Commissions-of-Inquiry-thematic-report-2012.pdf
835:
683:
647:
was declared in response to the perceived government failure to honour the insurgent's demands. On 1 June 2001 the
607:
571:, was the result of stalled peace negotiations between the democratic government and the paramilitary wing of the
3022:
2726:
2695:
726:
760:
dismissed the Deuba government and assumed full executive control over the country through the declaration of a
1450:
Constitutional Nationalism and Legal Exclusion: Equality, Identity Politics, and Democracy in Nepal (1990-2007)
1415:
Constitutional Nationalism and Legal Exclusion: Equality, Identity Politics, and Democracy in Nepal (1990-2007)
291:
Until 2001, the economic and political situation progressed despite corruption, nepotism and the presence of a
277:
2757:
2675:
2617:
1772:
1656:
Department for International Development (2008), "Elections in Nepal in 2008", UK Aid, accessed 29 May 2020,
698:
until dismissed by Gyanendra due to a perceived inability to hold elections and quell the Maoist insurgency.
400:
similar to that of neighbouring countries. Throughout the Shah dynasty Nepali society underwent a period of
2545:
2018:
741:
730:
722:
450:
396:
on 4 March 1816 which defined Nepal's current territorial boundaries. The treaty therefore spared Nepal of
259:
2421:
824:
shift executive power to the Council of Ministers of the incumbent government therefore abolishing of the
3275:
2941:
2923:
2707:
2702:
2439:
1977:
1882:
33:
793:
growth rate, fuelled by a drop in tourist arrivals and the destruction of infrastructure. Following the
3389:
3307:
3300:
3096:
3037:
2918:
2787:
2685:
2474:
2087:
1395:
1282:
1144:
749:
2443:
2291:
1987:
1108:
Khadka, Narayan (1986). "Crisis in Nepal's Partyless Panchayat System: The Case for More Democracy".
831:
remove terms that referred to the monarch as the leader of Nepal, such as "his majesty's government";
598:
in 1991 Nepal remained one of the least developed countries, situated at 113 out of 130 countries in
281:
3290:
3054:
2431:
2411:
2385:
1932:
1897:
1852:
1704:
1680:
880:
875:
780:
513:
458:
436:
285:
225:
221:
217:
205:
1458:
1423:
2812:
2797:
2743:
2736:
2625:
2578:
2570:
2530:
2416:
2153:
1822:
1817:
1712:
794:
648:
599:
595:
300:
3047:
2767:
2762:
2630:
1942:
1917:
1832:
1812:
1762:
1732:
1722:
790:
702:
635:
501:
461:
was founded in 1949 with the goal to set up a democracy and People's Republic. Conversely, the
1548:
Parajulee, Ramjee (February 2010). "An Experiment with a Hybrid Regime in Nepal (1990—2006)".
3344:
3285:
3079:
2992:
2913:
2690:
2670:
2080:
2028:
1907:
1902:
1782:
405:
157:
122:
90:
1199:
Routledge, Paul (May 2010). "Nineteen Days in April: Urban Protest and Democracy in Nepal".
945:
Hutt, Michael (March 2007). "A Nepalese Triangle: Monarchy, Maoists and Political Parties".
3295:
3270:
2903:
2350:
2276:
2271:
1972:
1922:
1877:
1857:
1847:
1747:
1208:
994:
Civil Resistance and Conflict Transformation: Transitions from armed to nonviolent struggle
756:
in 2002 and 2003 (Malagodi 2013, p. 187). Following a brief period of political stability,
753:
615:
68:
64:
8:
3220:
3007:
2002:
1947:
1862:
1842:
1727:
1717:
1673:
737:
691:
296:
143:
72:
28:
1212:
266:
system of government was introduced, abolishing recent democratic institutions, banning
3002:
2997:
2951:
2936:
2792:
2731:
2719:
2680:
2461:
2426:
2361:
2308:
2181:
1992:
1927:
1892:
1827:
1807:
1797:
1757:
1742:
1737:
1573:
1389:
1276:
1232:
1125:
970:
798:
761:
757:
687:
660:
652:
643:
623:
564:
538:
520:
408:
378:
374:
308:
304:
292:
248:
209:
189:
82:
369:. During the 19th century, Nepal's expansionist aspirations came in conflict with the
3265:
3139:
3119:
3069:
3064:
3059:
2658:
2640:
2557:
2390:
2377:
2356:
2341:
2318:
2298:
2057:
2033:
1952:
1912:
1887:
1867:
1802:
1777:
1767:
1752:
1625:
1577:
1565:
1504:
1494:
1462:
1427:
1377:
1367:
1318:
1308:
1264:
1254:
1224:
1087:
1077:
1041:
1006:
974:
962:
924:
914:
706:
497:
492:
478:
466:
424:
393:
354:
335:
271:
263:
104:
1611:
1527:
1236:
1027:
992:
350:
3337:
3330:
3109:
2982:
2970:
2946:
2891:
2820:
2607:
2535:
2313:
2286:
2115:
2107:
1872:
1837:
1792:
1787:
1696:
1617:
1557:
1454:
1419:
1216:
1117:
1033:
998:
954:
718:
627:
453:, political parties were established and engaged an organised struggle against the
446:
366:
313:
295:
which developed into a nation-wide civil war between the Maoist insurgents and the
254:
The beginning of a national movement for democracy in Nepal was the ousting of the
3280:
3149:
3129:
3086:
2956:
2908:
2863:
2552:
1145:"Transition to Democracy in Nepal: negotiations behind constitution making, 1990"
710:
611:
603:
525:
462:
420:
401:
267:
229:
3353:
3235:
3189:
3144:
3124:
3074:
3027:
3012:
2928:
2266:
2243:
2163:
2148:
1307:. Larson, Haldeman, Oguz & Rana. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. pp. 119–150.
588:
370:
362:
177:
1091:
958:
3373:
3199:
3164:
3032:
2599:
2492:
2487:
2303:
2248:
2233:
2051:
1569:
1561:
1508:
1381:
1322:
1268:
1228:
1220:
966:
928:
858:
668:
100:
3358:
3240:
3174:
3134:
2850:
2336:
2328:
2258:
1337:"17,800 people died during conflict period, says Ministry of Peace - Nepal"
786:
454:
397:
346:
342:
325:
255:
240:
150:
1621:
1488:
1037:
1002:
384:
3169:
2591:
2238:
2061:
1364:
Understanding and influencing public support for insurgency and terrorism
1305:
Understanding and influencing public support for insurgency and terrorism
1251:
Understanding and influencing public support for insurgency and terrorism
404:
which established the political, economic and cultural dominance of high-
2986:
2825:
2802:
2502:
2281:
2194:
2130:
1129:
802:
576:
108:
674:
665:
Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Control and Punishment) Ordinance
483:
3225:
2868:
2855:
2512:
2482:
807:
606:, ushering in 4 years of political stability. The dissolution of the
552:
341:
As one of the regions oldest nation-states, Nepal was unified by the
126:
86:
1366:. Davis, Paul K., 1943-. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. 2012. p. 121.
1121:
911:
The rise of ethnic politics in Nepal : democracy in the margins
330:
3245:
2583:
2228:
2199:
2189:
2171:
1665:
825:
631:
548:
442:
358:
244:
834:
establish accountability for the Council of Ministers through the
789:
and killings of more than 13,000, as well as a decline in Nepal's
3194:
3159:
3154:
3104:
3042:
2873:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2507:
2204:
2072:
667:(TADO). TADO declared the Maoists as terrorists and deployed the
584:
580:
543:
416:
3215:
3184:
3114:
3017:
2497:
2140:
772:
695:
2835:
2540:
2103:
412:
213:
53:
307:
took control of the government and ruled until 2006 through
3179:
991:
Dudouet, Véronique (2014-09-15). Dudouet, Véronique (ed.).
801:
by the preceding King, tightly controlling the opposition,
16:
Series of political movements from the 20th century to 2008
847:
integrate the Palace Service into the state civil service;
682:
Following political confrontations between members of the
262:. However, this period of democracy ended in 1960 and the
3230:
1524:"Royal Proclamation of February 1, 2005. Nepal Monarchy"
1253:. Davis, Paul K., 1943-. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. 2012.
602:. General elections in 1999 produced a victory for the
797:
in 2001, the multi-party democracy was placed under a
844:
compel the king to pay taxes on fortunes and estates;
715:
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
388:
Sugauli Treaty and its effect on Nepalese territory
622:into the recognised and unrecognised wing, led by
1616:(1 ed.). Routledge India. pp. 267–323.
694:’s government stayed in office and ruled through
655:as king. On 25 November 2001 a truce between the
638:and the establishment of a constituent assembly.
3371:
1171:The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy
908:
817:Furthermore, the Constitution was redrafted to:
419:caste who established Khas Kura, later known as
487:King Mahendra and Queen Ratna of Nepal in 1957
2088:
1681:
1522:Shah Dev, Gyanendra Bir Bikram (2017-10-16).
1493:. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
1074:Conflict, education and People's War in Nepal
795:assassination of King Birendra and his family
430:
316:, marking an end to the country's civil war.
579:. Politics continued to be dominated by the
284:and mounting repression in Nepal led to the
3208:
2095:
2081:
1688:
1674:
1168:
810:and 5 million in the entire country.
557:Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and Prachanda Path
301:assassination of the Nepalese royal family
27:
1547:
1459:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082910.001.0001
1424:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082910.001.0001
1198:
1142:
821:remove the right and role of the monarch;
764:under the laws of the 1990 Constitution.
618:within 5 years. Following a split in the
216:. It has seen three major movements, the
1609:
1521:
1486:
1453:. Oxford University Press. p. 182.
1446:
1418:. Oxford University Press. p. 180.
1411:
1071:
771:
673:
610:for the 1994 mid-term election led to a
542:
482:
383:
329:
1358:
1356:
990:
3372:
1107:
997:(1 ed.). Routledge. p. 190.
587:castes with an underrepresentation of
392:The war eventually concluded with the
2076:
1669:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1407:
1405:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1025:
532:
1695:
1550:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1353:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1103:
1101:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
986:
984:
944:
940:
938:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
850:declare Nepal as a federal republic;
767:
507:
1029:The Challenge to Democracy in Nepal
13:
2102:
1584:
1475:
1402:
1289:
14:
3401:
1181:
1152:Contributions to Nepalese Studies
1098:
1054:
981:
935:
893:
862:of Nepal's police organisations.
853:declare Nepal as a secular state;
723:Nepal Congress Party (Democratic)
573:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
449:attainment in the country. After
239:) which ultimately abolished the
212:and the abolition of monarchy in
2056:
2047:
2046:
731:Nepal Workers and Peasants Party
472:
345:and has since been ruled by the
1650:
1638:
1613:Military and Democracy in Nepal
1541:
1515:
1440:
1329:
1243:
1026:Brown, T. Louise (2002-11-01).
319:
249:multi-party bicameral democracy
243:, transitioned Nepal towards a
2014:British Indian Ocean Territory
1610:Adhikari, Indra (2015-06-12).
1162:
1136:
1019:
493:Panchayat system of governance
270:and restricting some forms of
1:
1447:Malagodi, Mara (2012-07-01).
1412:Malagodi, Mara (2012-07-01).
886:
651:, triggering the crowning of
379:Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16
357:as prime minister, and later
3385:History of Nepal (1951–2008)
3380:Nepalese democracy movements
2546:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2396:Back to the Village campaign
2367:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
742:Nepali Congress (Democratic)
641:On the 13 February 1996 the
594:After the transition to the
524:Nepal as a Hindu state with
282:economic disputes with India
210:multi-party political system
7:
2924:South Asian Free Trade Area
1143:Hachhethu, Krishna (1994).
1032:. Routledge. pp. 1–2.
869:
750:Rashtriya Prajatantra Party
736:After the reappointment of
719:Rashtriya Prajatantra Party
529:for the domestic currency.
457:in neighbouring Nepal. The
260:Indian nationalist movement
202:Nepalese democracy movement
184:non-centralised leadership
34:Federal Parliament of Nepal
22:Nepalese Democracy Movement
10:
3406:
3038:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
828:, the royal advisory body;
778:
536:
521:human rights organisations
511:
476:
434:
431:Democracy movement of 1951
375:British East India Company
323:
3324:
3258:
3095:
2978:
2969:
2899:
2890:
2811:
2778:
2666:
2657:
2616:
2569:
2523:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2404:
2375:
2327:
2257:
2217:
2180:
2162:
2139:
2123:
2114:
2042:
2001:
1961:
1703:
959:10.1080/03068370601108541
909:Hangen, Susan I. (2010).
649:royal family was murdered
173:
168:
137:
132:
118:
96:
78:
60:
48:
40:
26:
21:
1763:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1562:10.1177/0021909610352702
1221:10.1177/0042098009360221
881:2006 Nepalese revolution
876:1951 Nepalese revolution
836:House of Representatives
781:2006 Nepalese revolution
684:House of Representatives
608:House of Representatives
514:1990 Nepalese revolution
491:The King introduced the
437:1951 Nepalese revolution
278:Student protests in 1979
206:representative democracy
2696:Chief of the Army Staff
2154:Maya (mother of Buddha)
2024:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1487:Malagodi, Mara (2012).
1303:Davis, Paul K. (2012).
787:human rights violations
663:and the passage of the
630:, therefore abolishing
600:Human Development Index
596:constitutional monarchy
555:. It reads: "Long Live
3023:International rankings
1394:: CS1 maint: others (
1281:: CS1 maint: others (
776:
740:as prime minister the
701:Deuba was replaced by
679:
560:
488:
389:
338:
2708:Provincial assemblies
2405:Multi-party democracy
1622:10.4324/9781315743417
1038:10.4324/9780203419649
1003:10.4324/9781315778877
913:. London: Routledge.
775:
754:forced disappearances
677:
620:United People's Front
616:coalition governments
614:producing 8 unstable
546:
486:
463:Nepali Congress Party
459:Nepal Communist Party
445:and rising levels of
387:
349:royal family after a
333:
232:: लोकतन्त्र आन्दोलन,
158:Nepal Communist Party
123:Abolition of monarchy
91:Abolition of monarchy
2803:Rural Municipalities
2758:Council of Ministers
2676:Constituent Assembly
2351:Treaty of Thapathali
2272:Prithvi Narayan Shah
1938:United Arab Emirates
451:India's independence
113:Introduced black day
69:Public participation
65:Political repression
1965:limited recognition
1213:2010UrbSt..47.1279R
859:Royal Nepalese Army
669:Royal Nepalese Army
411:, most notably the
377:culminating in the
355:Jung Bahadur Kunwar
336:Jung Bahadur Kunwar
297:Government of Nepal
144:Government of Nepal
73:Standards of living
3276:Capital punishment
2942:Telecommunications
2558:Siliguri Corridor
2438:2015 earthquake -
799:State of Emergency
777:
762:State of Emergency
696:government decrees
680:
661:national emergency
636:interim government
634:, formation of an
565:Nepalese civil war
561:
539:Nepalese civil war
533:Nepalese civil war
489:
423:, as the official
390:
339:
218:Revolution of 1951
190:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
83:Multi-party system
3390:Politics of Nepal
3367:
3366:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3308:Human trafficking
3254:
3253:
2965:
2964:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2715:Political parties
2686:Foreign relations
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2357:Lamjang and Kaski
2342:Jung Bahadur Rana
2319:Treaty of Sugauli
2213:
2212:
2070:
2069:
2007:other territories
1697:Politics of Asia
1631:978-1-315-74341-7
1500:978-0-19-908217-9
1468:978-0-19-808291-0
1433:978-0-19-808291-0
1373:978-0-8330-5877-5
1314:978-0-8330-5877-5
1260:978-0-8330-5877-5
1083:978-1-351-06673-0
1047:978-0-203-41964-9
1012:978-1-315-77887-7
920:978-0-415-77884-8
768:Loktantra Andolan
727:United Left Front
657:Maoist insurgents
624:Puspa Kamal Dahal
589:ethnic minorities
508:Jana Andolan 1990
479:Panchayat (Nepal)
394:Treaty of Sugauli
293:Maoist insurgency
272:freedom of speech
268:political parties
247:and reintroduced
237:Loktantra Āndolan
235:
226:Loktantra Andolan
198:
197:
164:
163:
105:Street protesters
3397:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3206:
3205:
3093:
3092:
2976:
2975:
2932:
2897:
2896:
2859:
2776:
2775:
2751:
2664:
2663:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2561:
2560:(Chicken's Neck)
2536:Kathmandu Valley
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2422:2005 coup d'état
2391:Panchayat system
2314:Balbhadra Kunwar
2287:Kingdom of Nepal
2255:
2254:
2137:
2136:
2121:
2120:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2019:Christmas Island
1705:Sovereign states
1690:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1607:
1582:
1581:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1526:. Archived from
1519:
1513:
1512:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1300:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1207:(6): 1279–1299.
1196:
1179:
1178:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1069:
1052:
1051:
1023:
1017:
1016:
988:
979:
978:
942:
933:
932:
906:
703:Lokendra Bahadur
628:federal republic
447:higher education
314:federal republic
309:emergency powers
299:. Following the
233:
139:
138:
31:
19:
18:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3312:
3250:
3204:
3150:Maghe Sankranti
3091:
3055:Public holidays
3018:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
2961:
2930:
2878:
2857:
2807:
2774:
2749:
2645:
2636:Protected areas
2612:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2553:Tibetan Plateau
2531:Cities of Nepal
2519:
2448:
2432:Jana Andolan II
2400:
2386:1951 revolution
2371:
2323:
2309:Anglo-Nepal War
2259:Early Shah rule
2253:
2221:
2219:
2209:
2182:Lichchhavi rule
2176:
2158:
2141:Shakya Republic
2135:
2110:
2101:
2071:
2066:
2038:
2006:
1997:
1978:Northern Cyprus
1964:
1957:
1699:
1694:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1608:
1585:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1520:
1516:
1501:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1410:
1403:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1315:
1301:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1197:
1182:
1167:
1163:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1122:10.2307/2758328
1110:Pacific Affairs
1106:
1099:
1084:
1070:
1055:
1048:
1024:
1020:
1013:
989:
982:
943:
936:
921:
907:
894:
889:
872:
783:
770:
711:Nepali Congress
612:hung parliament
604:Nepali Congress
541:
535:
516:
510:
502:executive power
481:
475:
439:
433:
402:Sanskritisation
353:that installed
328:
322:
194:
193:
186:
181:
160:
153:
146:
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Chasok Tangnam
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:Buddha Jayanti
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Dipankha Yatra
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2798:Municipalities
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2744:Prime Minister
2741:
2740:
2739:
2737:Vice President
2729:
2727:Heads of state
2724:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:Climate change
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2479:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2417:Royal massacre
2414:
2412:Jana Andolan I
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:Post-Rana and
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Sino-Nepal War
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Gorkha Kingdom
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2244:Chaubisi Rajya
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2164:Kirata kingdom
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2149:Gautama Buddha
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1630:
1583:
1540:
1514:
1499:
1474:
1467:
1439:
1432:
1401:
1372:
1352:
1328:
1313:
1288:
1259:
1242:
1180:
1161:
1135:
1116:(3): 429–454.
1097:
1082:
1072:Rai, Sanjeev.
1053:
1046:
1018:
1011:
980:
934:
919:
891:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
878:
871:
868:
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
832:
829:
822:
779:Main article:
769:
766:
758:King Gyanendra
688:King Gyanendra
671:against them.
537:Main article:
534:
531:
512:Main article:
509:
506:
477:Main article:
474:
471:
443:literacy rates
435:Main article:
432:
429:
425:state language
371:British Empire
324:Main article:
321:
318:
305:King Gyanendra
196:
195:
187:
182:
178:King Gyanendra
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
154:
149:
147:
142:
135:
134:
130:
129:
120:
116:
115:
98:
94:
93:
80:
76:
75:
62:
58:
57:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3402:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Gyalpo Lhosar
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3048:Ethnic groups
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Nepal Academy
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2768:Chief Justice
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:Supreme Court
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Deforestation
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Mount Everest
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Bhimsen Thapa
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2249:Newa kingdoms
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Khasa kingdom
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:South Ossetia
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1556:(1): 87–112.
1555:
1551:
1544:
1530:on 2017-10-16
1529:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1306:
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3175:Sonam Lhosar
3135:Yomari Punhi
3080:Christianity
2993:Demographics
2914:Child labour
2671:Constitution
2493:Kanchenjunga
2337:Kot massacre
2003:Dependencies
1933:Turkmenistan
1898:Saudi Arabia
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334:Portrait of
326:Rana Dynasty
320:Rana dynasty
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3271:Witch-hunts
3226:Bratabandha
3170:Tamu Lhosar
2904:Agriculture
2618:Environment
2347:Tibetan War
2277:Unification
2239:Baise Rajya
2062:Asia portal
1963:States with
1883:Philippines
1823:South Korea
1818:North Korea
1713:Afghanistan
705:, a former
591:and women.
409:Indo-Aryans
351:coup d'état
119:Resulted in
3374:Categories
3008:Literature
2931:(currency)
2856:Kathmandu
2826:Biratnagar
2703:Parliament
2608:West Rapti
2586:(Ghaghara)
2503:Dhaulagiri
2282:Kalu Pande
2195:Amshuverma
2131:Bhadrabahu
1943:Uzbekistan
1918:Tajikistan
1833:Kyrgyzstan
1813:Kazakhstan
1733:Bangladesh
1723:Azerbaijan
1534:2020-05-29
1346:2020-05-29
1092:1024254601
1076:. London.
887:References
577:corruption
547:Communist
234:romanized:
109:Insurgency
3097:Festivals
3003:Languages
2998:Education
2957:Workforce
2952:Transport
2937:Squatting
2919:Companies
2869:Nepalgunj
2858:(capital)
2821:Bharatpur
2793:Provinces
2788:Districts
2780:Divisions
2732:President
2720:Communism
2681:Elections
2602:(Gandaki)
2600:Narayani
2513:Annapurna
2483:Himalayas
2475:Mountains
2462:Geography
2427:Civil war
2378:Panchayat
2362:Tribhuvan
2329:Rana rule
2029:Hong Kong
1983:Palestine
1908:Sri Lanka
1903:Singapore
1783:Indonesia
1578:144664579
1570:0021-9096
1509:827279416
1390:cite book
1382:800447847
1341:ReliefWeb
1323:800447847
1277:cite book
1269:800447847
1229:0042-0980
1158:: 91–126.
975:153961836
967:0306-8374
929:311756366
808:Kathmandu
803:censoring
707:Panchayat
653:Gyanendra
553:Kathmandu
264:Panchayat
127:Democracy
87:Democracy
61:Caused by
44:1948–2008
3354:Category
3291:Intersex
3266:Abortion
3246:Antyesti
3241:Shraddha
3140:Gadhimai
3070:Buddhism
3065:Hinduism
3060:Religion
2864:Lalitpur
2851:Janakpur
2691:Military
2659:Politics
2641:Wildlife
2584:Karnali
2292:Monarchs
2229:Arimalla
2218:Medieval
2200:Bhrikuti
2190:Manadeva
2172:Yalamber
2108:articles
2052:Category
1973:Abkhazia
1923:Thailand
1878:Pakistan
1858:Mongolia
1853:Maldives
1848:Malaysia
1748:Cambodia
1237:54903610
870:See also
632:monarchy
549:graffiti
373:and the
359:Maharaja
245:republic
49:Location
3331:Outline
3195:Chhechu
3160:Ubhauli
3155:Udhauli
3105:Dashain
2983:Cuisine
2971:Culture
2947:Tourism
2892:Economy
2874:Pokhara
2846:Itahari
2841:Hetauda
2831:Birgunj
2508:Manaslu
2205:Araniko
2124:Ancient
2116:History
1948:Vietnam
1863:Myanmar
1843:Lebanon
1773:Georgia
1728:Bahrain
1718:Armenia
1209:Bibcode
1130:2758328
717:(UML),
585:Chhetri
581:Brahmin
417:Chhetri
367:Lamjung
133:Parties
97:Methods
3359:Portal
3281:Health
3259:Issues
3216:Nwaran
3185:Chhath
3120:Swonti
3115:Mohani
3043:People
2929:Rupee
2909:Energy
2813:Cities
2594:(Kosi)
2592:Koshi
2571:Rivers
2498:Makalu
2222:modern
2106:
1993:Taiwan
1928:Turkey
1893:Russia
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1808:Jordan
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413:Bahuns
230:Nepali
101:Strike
3338:Index
3301:Women
3236:Bahra
3221:Pasni
3200:Jatra
3110:Tihar
3087:Sport
3075:Islam
3028:Media
3013:Music
2836:Damak
2541:Terai
2524:Areas
2440:April
2104:Nepal
2034:Macau
1953:Yemen
1913:Syria
1888:Qatar
1868:Nepal
1803:Japan
1778:India
1768:Egypt
1753:China
1574:S2CID
1233:S2CID
1148:(PDF)
1126:JSTOR
971:S2CID
738:Deuba
692:Deuba
567:, or
406:caste
363:Kaski
256:Ranas
214:Nepal
79:Goals
54:Nepal
3296:LGBT
3180:Holi
2987:wine
2750:list
2579:Arun
1873:Oman
1838:Laos
1793:Iraq
1788:Iran
1626:ISBN
1566:ISSN
1505:OCLC
1495:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1396:link
1378:OCLC
1368:ISBN
1319:OCLC
1309:ISBN
1283:link
1265:OCLC
1255:ISBN
1225:ISSN
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1078:ISBN
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