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The
Chassepot used a paper cartridge, that many refer to as being 'combustible', whereas in reality it was quite the opposite. It held an 11-millimetre (0.43 in) round-headed cylindro-conoidal lead bullet that was wax paper patched. An inverted standard percussion cap was at the rear of the
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The
Carcano Fucile di Fanteria Modello 1860/67 needle gun was developed by Salvatore Carcano, an Italian technician. This rifle was operated by pulling a cocking knob on the back of the action, retracting the needle and allowing the bolt handle to be lifted. It was adopted in 1867 in Italy.
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In 1865, Johannes
Friedrich Christian Carl (also known as Carlé or Karl), a ship- and insurance broker of Hamburg, patented a needle gun which was an improvement on the Dreyse gun. Sohs (Zons), a Hamburg citizen, participated in the design and development of it.
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gun became a major feature of firearms thereafter. The corresponding firearm was also developed by Pauly. Pauly made an improved version which was protected by a patent on 29 September 1812. The cartridge was further improved by the French gunsmith
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This Model 1861 rifle was an improvement of the Dreyse rifle by
Johannes Doersch and Cramer von Baumgarten. They shortened the needle mechanism and moved the handle to the rear of the bolt. The rifle was officially adopted in the
285:(1833–1905), who, from 1857 onwards, had constructed various experimental forms of breechloader, and the rifle became the French service weapon in 1866. In the following year it made its first appearance on the battlefield at
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The Carl system was officially adopted by the
Russian Empire in 1867. Only 215,500 Carl rifles were manufactured in Russia, because a short time later, needle rifles were replaced by rifles with metal cartridges, such as the
299:", or loosely translated: "The Chassepots have done wonderfully!" The heavy cylindrical lead bullets fired at high velocity by the Chassepot rifle inflicted wounds that were even worse than those of the earlier
205:
The early Dreyse needle guns were smooth-bore. Later Dreyse guns adopted by the
Prussian army were rifles using self-contained combustible cartridges holding oblong lead balls held in a papier-mâché "sabot".
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primer powder (the major innovation of Pauly), a round bullet and either brass or paper casing. The cartridge was loaded through the breech and fired with a needle. The needle-activated central-fire
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202:, who, beginning in 1824, had conducted multiple experiments, and in 1836 produced the first viable breech loading gun model using a complete cartridge.
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paper cartridge and hidden inside. It was fired by the
Chassepot's needle (a sharply pointed firing pin) upon pressing the trigger.
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234:. More than one thousand rifles were produced until the principality was forced to join the German Empire in 1871.
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A diagram of a needle-gun cartridge, showing the paper cartridge case, the sabot, and acorn-shaped bullet.
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From 1848 onwards the new weapon was gradually introduced into
Prussian service. Between 1849-1867, The
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517:"The British version of the Dreyse needle rifle with firearms and weapon expert, Jonathan Ferguson"
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The
Carcano Modello 1868 needle fire rifle had very few differences from the 1860/1867 model.
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had trial an early bolt action variants. The Dreyse rifle became widely used during the
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John Walter. The German Rifle pages 20–46 Arms & Armour Press/London 1979
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559:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 339.
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The first mass-produced needle gun was invented by the German gunsmith
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in Paris, France. Pauly created the first fully self-contained
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Chemical
Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue
152:: the cartridges incorporated a copper base with integrated
293:'s troops. It was reported at the French Parliament that "
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on 3 November 1867, where it inflicted severe losses upon
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310:(1870–71) it proved greatly superior to the German
485:A History of Firearms: From Earliest Times to 1914
137:The first experimental needle gun was designed by
277:The comparison of Dreyse and Chassepot cartridges
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217:of 1866 when it played a decisive role at the
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144:In 1808, in association with French gunsmith
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281:The Chassepot was named after its inventor,
488:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 121.
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454:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 94.
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451:Firearms: the life story of a technology
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56:of all important aspects of the article.
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433:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
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369:James Smyth Wallace (4 June 2008).
296:Les Chassepots ont fait merveille !
168:In 1809, Pauly employed the German
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345:Greene single needle action rifle
16:Gun with needle-shaped firing pin
232:Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
172:, who later invented the famous
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44:may be too short to adequately
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482:W. Y. Carman (19 March 2004).
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269:Chassepot gun, with cartridge.
54:provide an accessible overview
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194:Dreyse mechanism, model 1862.
104:, which can pass through the
448:Roger Pauly (October 2004).
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314:, outranging it by 2 to 1.
21:Needle gun (disambiguation)
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283:Antoine Alphonse Chassepot
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225:Doersch and von Baumgarten
211:British military inspector
200:Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse
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170:Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse
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375:. CRC Press. p. 24.
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556:Encyclopædia Britannica
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100:that has a needle-like
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219:Battle of Königgrätz
141:, a Swiss gunsmith.
19:For other uses, see
519:. 25 February 2023.
308:Franco-Prussian War
215:Austro-Prussian War
92:for varieties with
550:"Needle-Gun"
340:Trapdoor mechanism
291:Giuseppe Garibaldi
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163:Casimir Lefaucheux
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495:978-0-486-43390-5
461:978-0-313-32796-4
382:978-1-4200-6966-2
312:Dreyse needle gun
186:Dreyse needle gun
154:mercury fulminate
139:Jean Samuel Pauly
108:case to strike a
78:Dreyse needle gun
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409:. Archived from
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39:This article's
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538:External links
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574:Early rifles
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499:. Retrieved
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411:the original
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249:Berdan rifle
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90:needle rifle
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62:January 2020
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41:lead section
501:11 December
467:11 December
388:11 December
301:Minié rifle
420:2015-10-25
351:References
150:cartridges
102:firing pin
86:needle gun
261:Chassepot
255:Chassepot
165:in 1836.
46:summarize
568:Category
429:cite web
334:See also
322:Carcano
306:In the
287:Mentana
176:rifle.
112:at the
98:firearm
96:) is a
94:rifling
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180:Dreyse
174:Dreyse
116:base.
114:bullet
414:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
125:Pauly
120:Types
503:2011
490:ISBN
469:2011
456:ISBN
435:link
390:2011
377:ISBN
238:Carl
88:(or
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