861:
676:
487:
430:
1069:
1055:
785:
58:
1424:
1407:
906:
to reflect its
Christian identity in the nation, rather than on its Dutch colonial heritage. As of 2007, its membership stands around 5,000, comprising both communicant and baptised members in 29 congregations, preaching stations, and mission outposts. Christianity in Indonesia is strongly
759:). Estimations of their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 in about 120 local congregations served by 88 ministers. The Restored Reformed Church disapproves of the pluralistic nature of the merged church, which they allege contains partly contradicting Reformed and
1196:
the Dutch
Reformed Church, with the support of the States General in The Hague, and the Heren XIX, endeavoured to organize itself in an effective manner as the public church in 'New Holland' as Dutch Brazil was officially designated. Although the first two salaried
454:
member. Consequently, the Church had close relations with the Dutch government. A privilege of members of the Dutch
Reformed Church was that they could have their businesses open on Sundays, otherwise considered a religious day and not one for business.
506:
The
Reformation was a time of religious violence between the established Catholic Church, Protestants and governments, in some cases. Efforts to form a Reformed church in the southern provinces stemmed from a secret meeting of Protestant leaders at
687:
imposed a new form of government for the church, in which the civil authorities selected the commissioners to the
National Synod in 1816, making it increasingly difficult for ministers to speak out against perceived errors. In 1834, the minister
511:
in 1566, and despite
Spanish repression, many nobles joined the Protestant movement. Two years later, in 1568, following an attack on the Netherlands by the forces of the Duke of Alba, many Netherlanders fled to the German city of
1002:(URC). The Dutch were mainly Protestant and Catholic before arrival to America, but became dominantly Protestant after settling in America. They spread their religion by forming bonds with the natives in The Ohio River Valley.
544:
is generally considered to be the founding of the Dutch
Reformed Church, the oldest of the Reformed churches in the Netherlands. The Synod both affirmed the actions of the earlier Synod of Wesel, as well as established
416:
theological orientations. At the time of the merger, the Church had 2 million members organised in 1,350 congregations. A minority of members of the church chose not to participate in the merger and instead formed the
619:, which had instigated the Arminians' expulsion, subsequently prohibited the Reformed Church from assembling synodically. No Synod was held in the Netherlands until after the end of the Republic in 1795.
463:
The Dutch
Reformed Church was officially disestablished in 1795 with the end of the Republic. Although it remained endorsed by the royal family, the Netherlands never had any public church afterwards.
696:
was told by church leaders that he could not preach against certain colleagues, who he believed held erroneous views. He and his congregation seceded from the Dutch
Reformed Church. In time, the
728:
of the
Netherlands in the 1960s dramatically reduced participation in the mainstream Protestant church. From the '60s onward, a number of attempts were made to effect a reunion with the
615:(Three Forms of Unity). Most conflicts and splits in the Church arose because of disagreement over the substance and interpretation of these doctrinal documents. The government of the
1484:
911:
in 1640. Christianity in Indonesia, like Sri Lanka, has been nationalised into different branches of Protestantism while retaining many of the reformed church elements, such as
737:
405:
1479:
1469:
1489:
1494:
1499:
1464:
392:, but also other major Reformed theologians. The church was influenced by various theological developments and controversies during its history, including
1504:
1454:
768:
400:, and a number of splits in the 19th century that greatly diversified Dutch Calvinism. The church functioned until 2004, the year it merged with the
1201:
arrived in 1633, it was not until 1635 that clear and detailed guidelines for the organization of the Reformed faith in Dutch Brazil were laid down.
720:
The Dutch Reformed Church remained the largest church body in the Netherlands until the middle of the 20th century, when it was overtaken by the
603:
around 1649 to the Nederduitsche, Niederdeutsche church later on Dutch Reformed Church. In the latter meeting, the Church fathers expelled
928:
821:
813:
611:
to the Confessions. The Canons of Dort, together with the previously adopted Belgic Confession and Heidelberg Catechism, were called the
1029:
clustered in the eastern United States, Rutgers serves as a reminder of early Dutch cultural influence in the North American colonies.
971:
845:
17:
751:
The 2004 merger led to a separation in which a number of congregations and members of the Dutch Reformed Church separated to form the
446:
in 1795, the Dutch Reformed Church enjoyed the status of "public" or "privileged" church. Though it was never formally adopted as the
1459:
999:
42:
122:
94:
1474:
995:
983:
979:
1082:
903:
369:. Allegiance to the Dutch Reformed Church was a common feature among Dutch immigrant communities around the world and became a
75:
35:
809:
101:
702:(the Separation) led to the departure of 120 congregations from the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1886, another separation, the
1092:
745:
729:
499:
401:
338:
330:
268:
252:
46:
1116:
1413:
1395:
991:
333:(the largest Protestant and second largest Christian communion in the Netherlands). It was the larger of the two major
237:
108:
31:
1182:
936:
829:
684:
141:
1129:
970:
is one of the oldest Dutch Reformed Church built in America. The largest Dutch Reformed body in North America, the
907:
influenced under the Dutch reformed church, the first known church established in the country is "De Oude kerk" in
670:
666:
662:
90:
987:
1449:
1033:
912:
79:
1337:
1308:
966:, which was the American branch of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands between 1628 and 1819. The
1060:
1087:
837:
967:
963:
800:
Dutch migrants carried the Dutch Reformed Church with them, planting several Reformed denominations in
528:
were adopted, and provisions were made for the offices of pastor, elder, teacher and deacon. The first
197:
1366:
1213:
Sinke, Suzanne M. (2008). "Dutch American History in Several Settings: The AADAS and Other Visions".
1097:
887:
860:
752:
418:
257:
115:
491:
68:
1382:
the Calvinist traditions in Roosevelt's ancestry: the Dutch Reformed Church on his father's side
1177:. Amsterdam studies in the Dutch golden age. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 22.
675:
1164:
1160:
1014:
318:
310:
374:
366:
221:
187:
177:
646:
525:
8:
764:
546:
370:
30:"Dutch Reformed" redirects here. For the broader tradition of Reformed Christianity, see
683:
In the 19th century, theological liberalism led to splits in the Dutch Reformed Church.
1289:
1246:
1238:
1168:
1074:
1040:
1018:
940:
895:
380:
The Dutch Reformed Church was founded in 1571 during the Protestant Reformation in the
334:
322:
1353:
He was of the Dutch Reformed Church. He participated in missions work with his father
1293:
1281:
1250:
1230:
1178:
1026:
698:
642:
634:
628:
521:
397:
225:
1119:. In 1930, the Roman Catholic Church became the largest denomination in the country.
1273:
1222:
1036:
899:
575:
in 1578. This synodical meeting is not to be confused with the better known Second
1172:
902:. The Dutch Reformed Church of Ceylon officially changed its name in 2007 to the
721:
689:
435:
864:
725:
709:
616:
608:
541:
481:
447:
443:
298:
1443:
1285:
1234:
975:
959:
932:
793:
576:
558:
486:
429:
409:
385:
346:
974:, split off from Reformed Church in America in 1857 under the leadership of
805:
600:
588:
566:
350:
321:
in the 16th century until 1930. It was the traditional denomination of the
247:
205:
1277:
1137:
1043:, both of Dutch descent, were affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church.
562:
477:
451:
413:
393:
389:
314:
1242:
708:, occurred, led by Dutch Reformed journalist, theologian and politician
1022:
952:
650:
326:
167:
1430:
329:
denomination until 2004, the year it helped found and merged into the
1226:
944:
880:
704:
572:
495:
381:
358:
354:
784:
57:
1264:
Seeman, Erik R. (2013). "Uncovering Hudson Valley Indian History".
1054:
924:
876:
760:
604:
592:
580:
908:
533:
508:
201:
1174:
The Expansion of Tolerance: Religion in Dutch Brazil (1624–1654)
571:
The first Synod to be located in the Dutch Republic was held in
1163:(2007). "Religious Toleration in Dutch Brazil (1624–1654)". In
951:
in the 17th century colonists organised the Reformed Church in
948:
891:
596:
362:
232:
890:
and its workers, the Dutch Reformed Church was established in
1389:
978:. Smaller related denominations and federations include the
801:
771:, which have been adopted as practices by the merged church.
738:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
693:
584:
537:
532:
of 23 Dutch Reformed leaders was held in October 1571 in the
529:
517:
513:
406:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
217:
633:
The 17th and early 18th centuries were the age of the Dutch
1158:
Compare: The Dutch were primarily Protestant and Catholic
742:
Evangelisch-Lutherse Kerk in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
450:, the law demanded that every public official should be a
408:
to form the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN), a
1117:
Statistics by the Dutch Centraal Bureau van de Statistiek
1485:
Protestant denominations established in the 16th century
1005:
In 1766, ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church founded
1021:
is a major public research institution in the State of
763:
confessions. This conservative group also opposes the
502:) is still used for Dutch royal investiture ceremonies
471:
1050:
923:
The Dutch Reformed Church went with migrants to the
1480:
History of Reformed Christianity in the Netherlands
82:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1470:Members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches
27:Reformed Christian denomination in the Netherlands
935:. St. Thomas Reformed Church, founded in 1660 in
769:blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches
736:). This led to the two churches uniting with the
1490:Religious organizations established in the 1570s
1441:
1367:"The Christian Roots of Modern Environmentalism"
943:, became the first Dutch Reformed Church in the
1495:Christian organizations disestablished in 2004
715:
850:Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika
774:
1500:1571 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1324:His religious affiliation was Dutch reformed
962:, the oldest and second largest body is the
1465:Reformed denominations in the United States
947:. During the period of Dutch settlement in
822:Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK)
814:Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)
1134:St. Thomas Reformed Church (strchurch.org)
972:Christian Reformed Church in North America
846:Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa
679:History of the churches in the Netherlands
649:, which was greatly influenced by English
365:, and various other world regions through
1505:2004 disestablishments in the Netherlands
1455:Reformed denominations in the Netherlands
1335:
1306:
1000:United Reformed Churches in North America
142:Learn how and when to remove this message
43:Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands
871:), the former Reformed church building (
859:
783:
674:
485:
428:
345:) was founded in 1892. It spread to the
996:Protestant Reformed Churches in America
984:Free Reformed Churches of North America
980:Canadian and American Reformed Churches
14:
1442:
1263:
1159:
1083:History of religion in the Netherlands
904:Christian Reformed Church of Sri Lanka
804:(The Reformed Church of East Africa),
656:
622:
36:Dutch Reformed Church (disambiguation)
1364:
1338:"A True Christian American President"
1212:
810:Three Sister Churches of South Africa
1396:
1093:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
746:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
730:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
500:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
402:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
339:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
331:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
269:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
253:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
80:adding citations to reliable sources
51:
47:Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
637:(best translated in English as the
458:
24:
1309:"Dutch President Martin Van Buren"
992:Netherlands Reformed Congregations
834:Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika
472:Reformation and the Synod of Emden
238:Catholic Church in the Netherlands
32:Continental Reformed Protestantism
25:
1516:
1307:Schippers, Ciska (July 9, 2013).
898:, built in 1755, still stands in
830:Reformed Churches in South Africa
734:Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland
685:King William I of the Netherlands
1460:Reformed denominations in Canada
1422:
1405:
1067:
1053:
671:1886 Dutch Reformed Church split
667:1857 Dutch Reformed Church split
663:1834 Dutch Reformed Church split
552:
433:Title page of the original 1637
56:
988:Heritage Reformed Congregations
549:for the Dutch Reformed Church.
287:2 million at the time of merger
67:needs additional citations for
1475:Former Christian denominations
1358:
1342:Christian Broadcasting Network
1329:
1300:
1257:
1206:
1152:
1122:
1109:
913:Protestant Church in Indonesia
818:Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk
547:presbyterian church government
13:
1:
1115:For detailed statistics, see
1103:
613:Drie formulieren van Enigheid
1365:Stoll, Mark (July 5, 2015).
1061:Reformed Christianity portal
842:Afrikaanse Protestantse Kerk
7:
1266:Reviews in American History
1088:Religion in the Netherlands
1046:
1009:, which would later become
918:
838:Afrikaans Protestant Church
826:Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
788:The Dutch Reformed Church (
716:20th century to the present
279:1,350 at the time of merger
10:
1521:
968:Brookville Reformed Church
964:Reformed Church in America
775:International distribution
660:
626:
556:
520:was convened at which the
475:
466:
303:Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk
198:Kingdom of the Netherlands
40:
29:
18:Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk
779:
579:of 1618. Large groups of
442:Before the demise of the
424:
337:denominations, after the
283:
275:
264:
243:
231:
211:
193:
183:
173:
163:
158:
1336:Marschall, Rick (2010).
1098:Bible Belt (Netherlands)
888:Dutch East India Company
753:Restored Reformed Church
419:Restored Reformed Church
384:tradition, being shaped
258:Restored Reformed Church
41:Not to be confused with
1215:Polish American Studies
1165:Israel, Jonathan Irvine
1161:Israel, Jonathan Irvine
855:
757:Hersteld Hervormde Kerk
91:"Dutch Reformed Church"
1015:Province of New Jersey
883:
797:
680:
503:
498:(now belonging to the
439:
319:Protestant Reformation
317:from the onset of the
311:Christian denomination
302:
34:. For other uses, see
1450:Dutch Reformed Church
1392:Dutch Reformed Church
1278:10.1353/rah.2013.0037
863:
787:
678:
489:
432:
412:of both Reformed and
375:Afrikaner nationalism
295:Dutch Reformed Church
222:County of East Frisia
159:Dutch Reformed Church
641:), led primarily by
599:groups converted to
526:Heidelberg Catechism
414:Evangelical Lutheran
76:improve this article
1169:Schwartz, Stuart B.
765:ordination of women
744:) to establish the
657:19th century splits
639:Further Reformation
623:Further Reformation
1130:"History Timeline"
1075:Netherlands portal
1041:Theodore Roosevelt
1019:Rutgers University
958:In Canada and the
941:Danish West Indies
884:
798:
681:
647:Wilhelmus à Brakel
504:
440:
367:Dutch colonization
343:Gereformeerde kerk
323:Dutch royal family
309:) was the largest
1027:colonial colleges
1025:. As one of nine
929:beginning in 1628
643:Gisbertus Voetius
635:Nadere Reformatie
629:Nadere Reformatie
587:and converted to
522:Belgic Confession
398:Nadere Reformatie
377:in South Africa.
325:and the foremost
291:
290:
226:Holy Roman Empire
152:
151:
144:
126:
16:(Redirected from
1512:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1227:10.2307/20148788
1210:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1140:on July 10, 2022
1136:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1113:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1037:Martin Van Buren
808:, including the
459:Disestablishment
156:
155:
147:
140:
136:
133:
127:
125:
84:
60:
52:
21:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:sister projects
1394:at Knowledge's
1388:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1334:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1262:
1258:
1211:
1207:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1034:U.S. Presidents
1011:Rutgers College
1007:Queen's College
998:(PRC), and the
921:
858:
782:
777:
722:Catholic Church
718:
692:of the town of
690:Hendrik de Cock
673:
661:Main articles:
659:
631:
625:
569:
557:Main articles:
555:
484:
476:Main articles:
474:
469:
461:
436:Statenvertaling
427:
256:
251:
216:
215:4 October 1571
148:
137:
131:
128:
85:
83:
73:
61:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1419:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1357:
1328:
1299:
1272:(2): 191–196.
1256:
1205:
1183:
1151:
1121:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1064:
1048:
1045:
920:
917:
869:Gereja Blenduk
865:Blenduk Church
857:
854:
796:, South Africa
781:
778:
776:
773:
726:secularisation
717:
714:
710:Abraham Kuyper
658:
655:
627:Main article:
624:
621:
617:Dutch Republic
609:Canons of Dort
607:and added the
554:
551:
542:Synod of Emden
482:Synod of Emden
473:
470:
468:
465:
460:
457:
448:state religion
444:Dutch Republic
426:
423:
305:, abbreviated
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
266:
262:
261:
245:
241:
240:
235:
233:Separated from
229:
228:
213:
209:
208:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
164:Classification
161:
160:
150:
149:
132:September 2023
64:
62:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1517:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1434:from Wikidata
1433:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1184:9789053569023
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Gijsbert Haan
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:United States
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:New Amsterdam
930:
926:
916:
914:
910:
905:
901:
897:
894:in 1642. The
893:
889:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
795:
794:Graaff-Reinet
791:
786:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
713:
711:
707:
706:
701:
700:
695:
691:
686:
677:
672:
668:
664:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
630:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:. Mostly all
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Synod of Dort
574:
568:
564:
560:
559:Synod of Dort
553:Synod of Dort
550:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
501:
497:
493:
488:
483:
479:
464:
456:
453:
449:
445:
438:
437:
431:
422:
420:
415:
411:
410:united church
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:theologically
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:United States
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
286:
282:
278:
276:Congregations
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
254:
249:
246:
242:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
157:
154:
146:
143:
135:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93: –
92:
88:
87:Find sources:
81:
77:
71:
70:
65:This article
63:
59:
54:
53:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1429:
1417:from Commons
1412:
1391:
1381:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1360:
1352:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:
1331:
1323:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1221:(1): 11–21.
1218:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1190:September 6,
1188:. Retrieved
1173:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1124:
1111:
1031:
1010:
1006:
1004:
957:
922:
886:Through the
885:
872:
868:
849:
841:
833:
825:
817:
806:South Africa
799:
789:
756:
750:
741:
733:
724:. The rapid
719:
703:
697:
682:
638:
632:
612:
601:Christianity
589:Christianity
570:
567:Remonstrants
505:
462:
441:
434:
379:
371:crucial part
351:South Africa
342:
306:
294:
292:
248:Remonstrants
206:South Africa
153:
138:
129:
119:
112:
105:
98:
86:
74:Please help
69:verification
66:
1313:DutchReview
1199:predikanten
994:(NRC), the
990:(HRC), the
986:(FRC), the
896:Groote Kerk
844:), and the
699:Afscheiding
583:settled in
563:Arminianism
492:Nieuwe Kerk
478:Reformation
452:communicant
394:Arminianism
390:John Calvin
315:Netherlands
265:Merged into
244:Separations
174:Orientation
1444:Categories
1104:References
1023:New Jersey
953:Pernambuco
937:St. Thomas
873:Koepelkerk
651:Puritanism
516:, where a
327:Protestant
168:Protestant
102:newspapers
1376:March 31,
1318:March 31,
1294:144210168
1286:1080-6628
1251:161498302
1235:0032-2806
1017:. Today,
1013:, in the
945:Caribbean
881:Indonesia
790:Grotekerk
748:in 2004.
705:Doleantie
605:Arminians
573:Dordrecht
496:Amsterdam
382:Calvinist
359:Sri Lanka
355:Indonesia
188:Calvinism
1347:April 1,
1243:20148788
1171:(eds.).
1144:July 10,
1047:See also
925:Americas
919:Americas
877:Semarang
836:)), the
767:and the
761:Lutheran
593:Marranos
581:Marranos
536:city of
404:and the
335:Reformed
184:Theology
178:Reformed
1032:Former
909:Batavia
828:), the
820:), the
595:, many
509:Antwerp
467:History
421:(HHK).
313:in the
284:Members
224:in the
202:Belgium
116:scholar
1292:
1284:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1181:
982:, the
949:Brazil
892:Ceylon
780:Africa
669:, and
597:Jewish
565:, and
540:. The
534:German
425:Status
396:, the
363:Brazil
271:(2004)
260:(2004)
255:(1892)
250:(1618)
212:Origin
204:, and
194:Region
118:
111:
104:
97:
89:
1414:Media
1290:S2CID
1247:S2CID
1239:JSTOR
900:Galle
875:) in
812:(the
802:Kenya
792:) in
694:Ulrum
585:Emden
538:Emden
530:Synod
518:Synod
514:Wesel
299:Dutch
218:Emden
123:JSTOR
109:books
1431:Data
1378:2018
1371:Time
1349:2018
1320:2018
1282:ISSN
1231:ISSN
1192:2017
1179:ISBN
1146:2022
1039:and
856:Asia
645:and
524:and
490:The
480:and
293:The
95:news
1274:doi
1223:doi
931:in
852:).
494:in
388:by
373:of
307:NHK
78:by
45:or
1446::
1380:.
1369:.
1351:.
1340:.
1322:.
1311:.
1288:.
1280:.
1270:41
1268:.
1245:.
1237:.
1229:.
1219:65
1217:.
1194:.
1167:;
1132:.
955:.
939:,
927:,
915:.
879:,
712:.
665:,
653:.
561:,
361:,
357:,
353:,
349:,
301::
220:,
200:,
1400::
1296:.
1276::
1253:.
1225::
1148:.
867:(
848:(
840:(
832:(
824:(
816:(
755:(
740:(
732:(
341:(
297:(
145:)
139:(
134:)
130:(
120:·
113:·
106:·
99:·
72:.
49:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
