372:
Nav Nirman Yuvak Samiti demanded fresh elections and opposition parties supported this. Morarji Desai again went on an indefinite fast on 6 April 1975 to support it. Finally Indira Gandhi gave in; fresh elections were held on 10 June and the result was declared on 12 June 1975. The verdict on Indira
44:
308:
resulted in clashes between police and students which provoked students across
Gujarat. An indefinite strike started on 7 January in educational institutions. Their demands were related to food and education. Middle-class people and some factory workers also joined protests in
320:
for two days. A statewide strike was organised on 25 January 1974 and resulted in clashes between police and people at least in 33 towns. The government imposed a curfew in 44 towns and the agitation spread throughout
Gujarat. The army was called in to restore peace in
500:
The
Navnirman movement reflected the anger of middle-class people and students at the prevalent economic crisis and corruption in government. It also showed the people's power to change the government by forcing it to resign by protesting.
898:
Sanghavi, Nagindas (15 October 2010). Mehta, Nalin; Mehta, Mona G. (eds.). "From
Navnirman to the anti-Mandal riots: the political trajectory of Gujarat (1974–1985)" [Gujarat Beyond Gandhi: Identity, Conflict and Society].
451:(Kshtriya-Harijan-Adivasi-Muslim) to elevate them in politics. The upper caste sensed it as the end of their political importance and reacted strongly against the imposition of Reservations in 1981. This ultimately provoked the
769:
739:
313:; they also attacked some ration shops. Students, lawyers and professors formed a committee, later known as the Nav Nirman Yuvak Samiti, to voice grievances and guide protests.
777:
337:, then the Prime Minister of India, asked Chimanbhai Patel to resign. He resigned on 9 February. The governor suspended the state assembly and imposed
985:
361:, went on an indefinite fast on 12 March in support of the demand. On 16 March, the assembly was dissolved, bringing an end to the agitation.
747:
304:, Ahmedabad went on strike in protest against a 20% hike in hostel food fees. The same type of strike also organised on 3 January 1974 at
1015:
301:
292:. There were allegations of corruption against him. The urban middle class was facing economic crisis due to the high price of food.
350:
169:
856:
592:
49:
420:
visited
Gujarat on 11 February 1974, after Chimanbhai Patel's resignation, though he was not involved in the movement. The
713:
266:
1010:
995:
477:
452:
947:
723:
643:
428:. It inspired him to lead it and turn it into a total revolution movement, which resulted in the Emergency. Later
401:
became Chief
Minister. This government lasted nine months and the president's rule was imposed in March 1976.
374:
346:
316:
Protesters demanded
Chimanbhai Patel's resignation. A strike on 10 January became violent in Ahmedabad and
139:
630:
473:
381:. Meanwhile, Chimanbhai Patel formed a new party named Kisan Mazdoor Lok Paksh and contested on his own.
990:
872:
17:
684:
485:
402:
382:
342:
162:
489:
357:
MLAs also resigned. By March, students had gotten 95 of 167 to resign. Morarji Desai, leader of
1005:
1000:
980:
975:
466:
456:
848:
841:
582:
520:
378:
364:
At least 100 died, 1,000 to 3,000 were injured, and 8,000 were arrested during the movement.
274:
406:
386:
174:
8:
876:
515:
417:
338:
270:
262:
916:
821:
305:
436:, which formed the first non-Congress government winning the general election against
943:
920:
852:
825:
719:
639:
588:
398:
390:
257:
for 'Reinvention/reconstruction movement') was a socio-political movement in 1974 in
908:
813:
632:
Excerpted from 'Indira Gandhi, the "emergency", and Indian democracy' published in
462:
285:
201:
912:
959:
Nav Nirman & political change in India: from
Gujarat 1974 to New Delhi 1977
804:
Bhagat-Ganguly, Varsha (2014). "Revisiting the Nav Nirman
Andolan of Gujarat".
510:
421:
129:
117:
969:
817:
481:
441:
437:
429:
394:
334:
289:
208:
125:
113:
433:
358:
385:, which won only 75 seats, lost the elections. Coalition of Congress (O),
448:
265:
in public life. It is the only successful agitation in the history of
354:
353:
MLAs on 16 February triggered the next phase of the agitation. Three
322:
310:
43:
317:
341:. Opposition parties demanded dissolution of the state assembly.
258:
85:
447:
Congress formed a new caste-based election combination known as
261:
by students and middle-class people against economic crisis and
425:
254:
288:
became the chief minister of
Gujarat in July 1973 replacing
121:
940:
India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics
584:
India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics
105:
Resignation of Chief Minister and dissolution of assembly
488:
from 2001 to 2014, and was subsequently elected as the
840:
377:was declared the same day which later resulted in
967:
838:
29:1974 socio-political movement in Gujarat, India
803:
97:Economic crisis and corruption in public life
742:[Architect of Navnirman Movement].
770:"1974: India inspired by Gujarat uprising"
746:(in Marathi). 11 June 2016. Archived from
42:
295:
942:. Pearson Education India. p. 117.
897:
587:. Pearson Education India. p. 117.
938:Krishna, Ananth V. (1 September 2011).
937:
843:Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi
52:buses in Ahmedabad during the movement.
14:
968:
847:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
580:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
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472:The agitation helped local leaders of
455:in 1985, which helped the rise of the
328:
956:
624:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
480:to establish themselves in politics.
333:Due to the pressure of the protests,
799:
797:
795:
711:
707:
705:
683:Shah, Ghanshyam (20 December 2007).
682:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
628:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
405:won elections in December 1976 and
24:
931:
891:
865:
832:
776:. 18 February 2017. Archived from
533:
25:
1027:
1016:Anti-corruption activism in India
986:History of Gujarat (1947–present)
792:
702:
659:
601:
465:became chief minister again with
300:On 20 December 1973, students of
901:South Asian History and Culture
718:. FK Publication. p. 114.
495:
409:became the new Chief Minister.
367:
48:Protestors stopped and climbed
762:
732:
13:
1:
526:
476:and its student organization
142:dissolved and fresh elections
913:10.1080/19472498.2010.507021
412:
280:
7:
873:"The Rise of Indira Gandhi"
638:. Oxford University Press.
581:Ananth, V. Krishna (2011).
504:
474:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
302:L.D. College of Engineering
10:
1032:
740:"नवनिर्माणांच्या शिल्पकार"
492:in 2014, was one of them.
195:Non-centralized leadership
61:20 December 1973
1011:Student protests in India
996:Social movements in India
957:Sheth, Pravin N. (1977).
712:jain, Arun Kumar (1978).
486:Chief Minister of Gujarat
238:
230:
222:
217:
190:
185:
151:
146:
135:
109:
101:
93:
80:
69:- 16 March 1974
57:
41:
36:
839:Katherine Frank (2002).
818:10.1177/0038022920140106
484:who later served as the
432:became precursor of the
349:. The resignation of 15
163:Indian National Congress
490:Prime Minister of India
444:became prime minister.
345:had 140 of 167 MLAs in
267:post-independence India
157:Nav Nirman Yuvak Samiti
457:Bharatiya Janata Party
296:Early student protests
806:Sociological Bulletin
685:"Pulse of the people"
521:The Emergency (India)
424:had already begun in
375:electoral malpractice
629:Dhar, P. N. (2000).
407:Madhav Singh Solanki
325:on 28 January 1974.
140:Legislative assembly
877:Library of Congress
516:Jayaprakash Narayan
418:Jayaprakash Narayan
329:Political incidents
218:Violence and action
37:Nav Nirman Movement
774:The Times of India
459:(BJP) in Gujarat.
306:Gujarat University
275:elected government
991:Protests in India
858:978-0-395-73097-3
715:Political Science
634:Business Standard
594:978-81-317-3465-0
469:support in 1990.
453:anti-Mandal riots
399:Babubhai J. Patel
397:won 88 seats and
269:that resulted in
250:Navnirman Andolan
246:
245:
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
1023:
962:
953:
925:
924:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
869:
863:
862:
846:
836:
830:
829:
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789:
787:
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780:on 2 August 2017
766:
760:
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750:on 2 August 2017
736:
730:
729:
709:
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695:
680:
657:
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652:
626:
599:
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578:
463:Chimanbhai Patel
339:president's rule
286:Chimanbhai Patel
202:Chimanbhai Patel
153:
152:
76:
74:
68:
66:
46:
34:
33:
21:
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1021:
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932:Further reading
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879:Country Studies
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271:the dissolution
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89:
72:
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64:
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53:
30:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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978:
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927:
926:
907:(4): 480–493.
890:
864:
857:
831:
791:
761:
731:
724:
701:
658:
644:
600:
593:
531:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
518:
513:
511:Bihar movement
506:
503:
497:
494:
422:Bihar Movement
414:
411:
369:
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347:state assembly
330:
327:
297:
294:
282:
279:
277:of the state.
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118:street protest
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90:
84:
82:
78:
77:
59:
55:
54:
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39:
38:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:1974 in India
1004:
1002:
1001:1973 in India
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:1974 protests
979:
977:
976:1973 protests
974:
973:
971:
960:
955:
951:
949:9788131734650
945:
941:
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935:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
894:
878:
874:
868:
860:
854:
850:
845:
844:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:(1): 95–112.
811:
807:
800:
798:
796:
779:
775:
771:
765:
749:
745:
741:
735:
727:
725:9788189611866
721:
717:
716:
708:
706:
690:
686:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
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645:9780195648997
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482:Narendra Modi
479:
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450:
445:
443:
442:Morarji Desai
440:in 1977, and
439:
438:Indira Gandhi
435:
431:
430:Janata Morcha
427:
423:
419:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:Janata Morcha
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:the Emergency
376:
365:
362:
360:
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352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Indira Gandhi
326:
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293:
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290:Ghanshyam Oza
287:
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256:
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216:
211:
210:
209:Morarji Desai
204:
203:
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176:
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167:
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155:
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145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
126:hunger strike
123:
119:
115:
114:Protest march
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
19:
958:
939:
904:
900:
893:
881:. Retrieved
867:
842:
834:
809:
805:
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
773:
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
743:
734:
714:
692:. Retrieved
688:
649:. Retrieved
635:
631:
583:
499:
496:Significance
471:
461:
446:
434:Janata Party
416:
371:
368:Consequences
363:
359:Congress (O)
351:Congress (O)
332:
315:
299:
284:
249:
248:
247:
226:At least 100
207:
200:
194:
193:
186:Lead figures
170:Congress (O)
31:
26:
903:. Issue 4.
694:22 November
689:India Today
651:23 November
136:Resulted in
970:Categories
527:References
389:, PSP and
263:corruption
73:1974-03-16
65:1973-12-20
18:Nav Nirman
921:144157465
826:185751051
413:Aftermath
393:known as
387:Jan Sangh
373:Gandhi's
355:Jan Sangh
323:Ahmedabad
311:Ahmedabad
281:Incidents
234:1000-3000
175:Jan Sangh
94:Caused by
784:2 August
754:2 August
744:Loksatta
505:See also
403:Congress
383:Congress
343:Congress
318:Vadodara
239:Arrested
231:Injuries
223:Death(s)
81:Location
961:. Vora.
883:27 June
391:Lok Dal
259:Gujarat
147:Parties
110:Methods
88:, India
86:Gujarat
71: (
63: (
946:
919:
855:
824:
722:
642:
591:
273:of an
130:strike
917:S2CID
822:S2CID
426:Bihar
255:Hindi
102:Goals
944:ISBN
885:2009
853:ISBN
786:2017
756:2017
720:ISBN
696:2012
653:2012
640:ISBN
589:ISBN
478:ABVP
449:KHAM
242:8000
122:riot
58:Date
50:AMTS
909:doi
849:371
814:doi
467:BJP
972::
915:.
875:.
851:.
820:.
810:63
808:.
794:^
772:.
704:^
687:.
661:^
603:^
535:^
128:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
952:.
923:.
911::
905:1
887:.
861:.
828:.
816::
788:.
758:.
728:.
698:.
655:.
597:.
253:(
172:,
75:)
67:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
