Nandi people - Knowledge

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he observes to have been true for both Wars, was that they had lost prestige in the eyes of Africans. He quotes Shiroya who was writing after the war to illustrate a then commonly held perception which was that "the ex-askari had learned and observed that without modern technology, a European was no better than an African". There was also a belief held by some "that blacks, having seen white men kill other white men, would sooner or later realize that they too could do the same". The latter states that "to make this argument is to suggest that Africans once regarded Europeans as superior, perhaps even as demi-gods". He counter-argues that "the evidence including armed primary resistance in many parts of the continent, and especially in Nandi, makes it seem very unlikely that this was ever the case". Accounts by European adventurers in the 19th century, such as Thompson who spoke of having to deal with the 'overbearing' attitude of the Maasai seem to be in line with his assertion. The introduction of the Maxim gun altered the power symmetry which Greenstein suggests was apparent to Africans hence "the deference showed, which some Europeans took as awe and respect". This attitude has been commented upon outside Africa as well.

2118:"Enterprising Arab traders hoping to circumvent this arrangement often fell victims to a Nandi ploy. A few old Nandi warriors would meet the armed caravan and tell them that a large supply of ivory was only two or three days journey from the caravan. However, the Nandi were only willing to entertain a small Arab party to negotiate a trade. Dutifully, a party of twenty men would be dispatched with cloth, wire, and other trade goods only to be ambushed by the Nandi and massacred." "Another ruse used by the Nandi was to send a small party of warriors to lead the prospective caravan into the depths of Nandi by the wrong road and then conduct a night attack. The Arab traders even attempted a tactic that had worked with other tribes, 2443: 2236:

back pay to purchase cattle, some of which along with cash was used as bride wealth. There were instances of land purchase on the fringes of the reserve but these were minimal. Much as the Government had alienated part of the Nandi Reserve the population pressure was not yet great enough to leave most men dissatisfied with the amount of land they would acquire by traditional means. It has been observed that where purchases were made it was done less with entrepreneurial motive than as a desire to increase one's pasture land.

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1915/6 and 612 in 1916/7, largely in response to the wartime needs of the Protectorate but by 1919 they had fallen back to 185. While military service continued to appeal to the young men, civilian service did not. The District Commissioner was hard put in 1922 for instance to produce 200 able-bodied young men to work on a local road-building project. He would resort to conscripting them under the 'Native Authority Ordinance', the infamous labor circular written in 1919 by then B.E.A Governor Edward Northey.

2169: 2103: 2361: 2454:, the first MP for Nandi and Tindiret. Seroney was arrested and detained without trial for three and a half years for defending the independence of Parliament at a time when it was becoming an arm of the Executive. He worked hard to introduce Bills that would remove or at least check the excessive powers vested in the President as a result of the numerous amendments to the Kenya Constitution. He also brought in the first Private Member's Bill to help ensure that Kenya's 2224:

war may be said to have served this purpose. Later interviews with veterans indicate that they were warmly welcomed back by parents and contemporaries. Neither did they bear resentment to their age-mates who had avoided the hardships of military service, some of who had married and acquired cattle in the intervening period. In fact, the veterans note that they expressed gratitude to them for looking after their cattle and other property as they had been slogging around

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boys were imprisoned, and Nandi women and girls were raped. At Kipsoboi four Nandi shields were propped against a tree and the Nandi were offered the chance to shoot arrows into the shields. Once this was accomplished, the Arabs fired musket balls through the shields that had stopped the arrows. The Arabs then poured gruel over the attending Nandi's heads and shaved off their cherished locks.

113: 1808:. Many customs are shared across Kalenjin communities though circumcision is absent in some communities. Kalenjin can traditionally marry from within Kalenjin as if it were within each individual's community. Oret (clan) membership cuts across the various communities with Nandi and Kipsigis ortinwek ties being particularly intricate thus making both seem as a single identity even to date. 2220:

preceding the war. Greenstein (1978) following interviews with veterans of the war found that participation in the war made little impact on the Nyongik, as or as agents-of-change, as regards adapting western methods. Neither did the earned wages seem to engender an affection for the formal economy nor was any effort made towards participation in the political process.

2095:(age-set) were warriors. The contact was antagonistic with raids on the caravans carried out by Nandi warriors. By 1854, the name Mararma ("who do not care about fire") had been conveyed upon a sub-set of the Sawe possibly as a result of the very successful raiding of Arab caravans or perhaps as a result of the major defeat of the Arabs at Kipsoboi. 2099:

warriors charged the caravan porters before the muzzle loading weapons could be recharged. The porters bolted into the reloading riflemen followed closely by the Nandi warriors and in this confusion, the Nandi warriors could spear the panicked men. This tactic would be deployed effectively until the battle of Kimondi in 1895.

2301:(sacrifice of the ox), a historically significant ceremony where leadership of the community was transferred between generations, was to take place. This ceremony had always been followed by an increased rate of cattle raiding as the now formally recognized warrior age-set sought to prove its prowess. The approach to a 2243:

Politically, it is observed that the Nyongik assimilated back into the traditional power structure in much the same positions they had left some three or four years earlier. Within that structure, age and not stars and stripes counted for seniority. The obligations and ties they resumed were to their

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There were also minimal changes to the employment patterns. Few Nandi previously found the prospect of paid employment sufficiently alluring to leave in search of jobs. For instance in 1914 only 100 out of a population of about 45,000 was employed outside the District. The numbers did rise to 352 for

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Economically, it is noted that the veterans did not receive pensions as they had expected but that they did return with their back-pay which for some amounted to as much as several hundred shillings, quite a significant sum at the time. It is noted that almost all of the returning veterans used their

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that day. Koitalel Arap Samoei had been advised not to shake hands because if he did, that would give him away as the leader. But he extended his hand and was shot immediately". Shortly after this event, the Nandi Resistance ended and Nandi was incorporated into the British East Africa Protectorate.

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Part of the reason for the Nandi success was the limited access. The easiest approach was from the north-east, but a caravan had to travel two or three days before reaching principal Nandi settlements. This evidently was not preferable as the Arab caravans diverted east to Kavirondo and Mumias where

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Greenstein states that in the period following the War, the minority European civilian population resident in Kenya and the Protectorate Government, were worried about the possibility of armed insurrection among the indigenous peoples. He notes that one of the greatest fears of the Europeans, which

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Frustrated by failures, the Arab traders attempted one last tactic. They established a series of fortified stations at Kimatke, Kibigori, Chemelil, Kipsoboi, and Kobujoi, and began a campaign of intimidation. Donkeys were let loose to trample the millet fields, Nandi warriors were humiliated, Nandi

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Due to the casualties to the caravans, direct trade increasingly became difficult. Caravans rarely entered or camped in Nandi and a strange "middle man" system evolved after the 1850s. Trusted Sotik and Dorobo agents were employed to act as "middle men" who would trade ivory and other coastal goods

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following an outbreak, a stock quarantine was imposed on the Nandi Reserve between 1921 and 1923. The Nandi, prevented from selling stock outside the Reserve, had no cash, and taxes had to go unpaid. Normally, grain shortages in Nandi were met by selling stock and buying grain. The quarantine made

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Socially, the Nyongik had been initiated just prior to the wars, hence they left and returned unmarried. This did not disrupt ordinary patterns since it was more usual than unusual for young men to wait a few years before marriage. This time was spent searching for bride wealth, and serving in the

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Official records of the K.A.R show that a total of 1,197 Nandi were recruited during the war. At the time the Nandi population is estimated to have been about 40–50,000 individuals. Most of those recruited were of the Nyongi age-set which had been initiated during the four-year period immediately

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By the later decades of the 19th century, at the time when the early European explorers started advancing into the interior of Kenya, Nandi territory was a closed country Thompson in 1883 was warned to avoid the country of the Nandi, who were known for attacks on strangers and caravans that would

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The Nandi warriors had never encountered a foe armed with firearms before and they had to develop new military tactics to overcome the effectiveness of a large number of firearms. Like the Masai, the warriors drew the enemy's fire by a sudden rush at which time they went "go to ground." Then the

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meaning the common interests of veterans gave way to a man's traditional associations. Greenstein notes that the concept of a formal organisation of veterans appears either not to have occurred or perhaps not appealed to them. Even the pension issue did not impel the Nyongik to form any sort of

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was broadly similar and is thought to have stemmed from an earlier worship oriented at the sky, later turning its focus of worship to the sun. This change may have radiated from the Kibasisek clan originally from Marakwet. Today most Nandi are either Protestant Christian or Catholic as are most

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The defeat of the Arabs created the "Nandi legend." The Nandi were undefeatable. Porters could not be hired and expeditions could not be launched into Nandi for nearly forty years. The Nandi warriors stood proudly aloof from the events that were swirling around them confident to defend their

1854:-speaking clans came to occupy the present day Nandi county. The traditional Nandi account is that the first settlers in their country came from Elgon during the time of the Maina and formed the Kipoiis clan; a name that possibly means 'the spirits'. They were led by a man named 2180:

Matson, in his account of the resistance, showed "how the irresponsible actions of two British traders, Dick and West, quickly upset the precarious modus vivendi between the Nandi and incoming British". This would cause more than a decade of conflict led on the Nandi side by

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that principally revolved around preparation for warfare, both defensive and offensive. It divided the male sex into boys, warriors and elders while the female sex is divided into girls and married women. The first stage began at birth and continued until initiation.

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elders were the local authority for allocating land for cultivation, they were also the body to whom the ordinary member of the tribe would look for a decision in a dispute or problem which defied solution by direct agreement between the parties. Membership of the

2122:. This consisted of sitting opposite one another, cutting the back of each other's hand and sucking the blood from one another's hand. The Nandi held no credence to such a foreign ceremony, and it only became another ploy to easily acquire coastal goods." 1826:

seem to date the origin of a differentiated Nandi identity to the early decades of the nineteenth century and no later than the latter decades of the eighteenth century. The development of the Nandi identity is intrinsically linked to the settlement of

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The Nandi of the nineteenth century were a primarily martial community and little cultural development was experienced for much of this period. Hollis (1905) for instance observed that "the art of music has not reached a very advanced stage in Nandi".

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Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa. Being the narrative of the Royal Geographical Society's Expedition to mount Kenia and lake Victoria Nyanza,

1721:. The dialects are seen as being distinct languages, thus for instance the Nandi speak the Nandi language which may or may not be mutually intelligible with another Kalenjin language. The Kalenjin ethnic groups inhabit the highlands of 1687:

and suggestions made that the name could be an "...allusion to the borrowing, direct or indirect of the rite of circumcision from camel riding Muslims". Later sources do not make similar suggestions or references to this position.

2139:'s charms with making the defender's ammunition disappear, while others credit the error of the garrison commander to provide ammunition to the riflemen. Regardless of the reason, the garrison at Kipsoboi was destroyed. The Nandi 1907:

Inward migrants and general population growth are conjectured to have led to a northward expansion of the growing identity during the eighteenth century. This period is thought to have seen the occupation and establishment of the

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The environment following the war was thus one in which the European population was worried about civilian unrest. Fears that appear to have been stoked by an upsurge in political activity in the 1920s, notably Archdeacon Owen's

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Primary contributing factors were the land alienation of 1920 and a steep increase in taxation, taxation tripled between 1909 and 1920 and because of a change in collection date, two taxes were collected in 1921. The

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council was acquired by seniority and personality and within it decisions were taken by a small number of elders whose authority derived from their natural powers of leadership. Among the Nandi however, the

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A number of factors taking place in the early 1920s led to what has come to be termed the Nandi Protest or Uprisings of 1923. It was the first expression of organized resistance by the Nandi since the

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where names of persons may be inverted gender-wise; certain folklore indicates that this may have been as a result of a genocide that targeted either the males or females of Marakwet.

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and the routing of the Swahili and Arab traders. The name is thought to derive from the similarity of the rapaciousness of the warriors of the mid-1800s to the habits of the voracious

1947:). These were Wareng, located to the north, Mosop in the northeast, Tindiret in the east, Soiin and Pelkut in the south, Aldai and Chesumei in the west and Emgwen in the center. The 1935:

system of territorial organisation was broadly similar to that of other Kalenjin communities. The Nandi territory was by the turn of the century divided into six counties known as

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came of age, they were tasked with protecting the tribal lands and the society, the period when they were in charge of protection of the society was known as the age of that

2145:(raiding bands) then successfully attacked and slaughtered the garrison at Kobujoi. This was enough to force the Arab traders to withdraw from Nandi and to avoid the area. 2335:

and four other elders were arrested and deported to Meru. Permission to hold the ceremony was withdrawn and it did not take place, nor has it ever taken place since. The

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of 1923 as a cover under which to gather forces for a massive military uprising. On 16 October 1923, several days before the scheduled date for the

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Within the wider Kalenjin administrative system, the Kokwet was the most significant political and judicial unit in terms of day to day issues. The

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called for a peace meeting. Instead, Meinertzhagen and his men killed Koitalel and his entourage on the grounds of what is now Nandi Bears Club.

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Within Nandi tradition, the existence of a differentiated Nandi identity is understood as a distinct process through which various Kalenjin and

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Lagat, A. Arap, The historical process of Nandi movement into Uasin Gishu district of the Kenya highlands: 1906-1963, University of Nairobi

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would spend the next forty years in political detention, becoming Kenya's, and possibly Africa's, longest serving political prisoner.

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Sosten Saina, grand-nephew of one of Arap Samoei's bodyguards notes that "There were about 22 of them who went for a meeting with the

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The final expansion would occur during the middle of the nineteenth century when the Nandi took the Uain Gishu plateau from the

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were wiped out in war. This was because they were told not to go for that war but they could not listen. It is said they, that

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Like other Kalenjin, the Nandi have produced a number of notable Kenyan athletes. These include great distance athletes like

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All these things contributed to a buildup of antagonism and unrest toward the government between 1920 and 1923. In 1923, the

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this impossible. The labor conscription that took place under the Northey Circulars only added to the bitterness against the

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The Nandi people are one among a group of communities that share cultural traits and a Southern Nilotic language known as

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Nandi Resistance to British Rule 1890–1906. By A. T. Matson. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1972. Pp. vii+391

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The Kalenjin languages are broadly similar with most of the dialects being mutually intelligible. The Nandi use

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thus witnessed expressions of military fervour and for the ceremony all Nandi males would gather in one place.

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Greenstein, Lewis J. (1978). "The Impact of Military Service in World War I on Africans: The Nandi of Kenya".

1677:. It is unclear where the terms originated from, though in early writings the latter term was associated with 976: 240: 250: 1801: 1068: 83: 260: 1016: 1869:

Studies of the settlement pattern indicate that the southern regions were the first to be settled, the

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and Nandi refused to pay and this amount was deferred to 1922. Further, due to fears of a spread of

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of Soiin on the east, being the first to be established. It has been conjectured that the first

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The name Nandi came into use after the mid-19th century and more so after the defeat of the

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Okia, Opolot (2008). "The Northey Forced Labor Crisis, 1920-1921: A Symptomatic Reading".

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to kill the Arabs. He gave permission, and the post was stormed. Some accounts credit the

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of Chesume, Emgwen and Masop. This period would also have seen the establishment of more

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The Nandi Protest of 1923 in the Context of African Resistance to Colonial Rule in Kenya

2661: 2789: 2762: 2754: 2526: 2500: 2486: 2451: 1920: 1863: 1793: 1718: 1692: 1506: 1496: 1232: 1115: 912: 817: 779: 664: 645: 164: 67: 2630: 2958: 2875: 2766: 2481:, a lifelong activist for the inclusion of women in Kenyan politics and society, and 2397: 2225: 2119: 1638: 1392: 1291: 1259: 1088: 1040: 951: 796: 784: 753: 743: 571: 2746: 2427: 2372:(Kip Keino), a gold medalist at Mexico (1968) and Munich (1972) Olympic games, and 2274: 2163: 2092: 2017: 1896:

itself. They were however found in great numbers in the northern regions of Nandi.

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was the most significant institution and the political system revolved around it.

2933: 2496: 2409: 2385: 2282: 1892:) were almost non-existent in the areas first settled, being only present on the 1851: 1805: 1789: 1750: 1734: 1634: 1618: 1610: 1476: 1466: 1387: 1345: 1303: 1227: 1158: 890: 861: 832: 789: 758: 712: 687: 677: 556: 531: 434: 429: 419: 315: 99: 95: 2900: 2609: 2591: 2538: 2532: 2478: 2431: 2393: 2369: 2364:

Julius Yego is from Nandi County and is an alumnus of Kapsabet Boys High School

1967:). The Nandi administrative system was unique among the Kalenjin in having the 1754: 1662: 1379: 1214: 1153: 1129: 707: 692: 598: 581: 566: 536: 526: 188: 2750: 2168: 2102: 2044:

at some point as a result of disaster. Legend has it that the members of this

2952: 2544: 2424:, the first Kenyan to win a World Championships gold medal in a field event. 2389: 2381: 2309: 1885: 1785: 1758: 1526: 1471: 1414: 1350: 1093: 1021: 966: 922: 608: 591: 576: 546: 521: 506: 459: 439: 337: 128: 2129:

The Nandi warriors had had enough. They sought permission from the Kaptalam

2520: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2482: 2463: 2459: 2360: 2291: 2005: 1828: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1630: 1617:. The Nandi ethnic group live with close association and relation with the 1566: 1340: 1143: 1006: 981: 702: 613: 603: 561: 496: 491: 481: 476: 454: 449: 444: 392: 342: 295: 148: 79: 2308:

Alarmed at the prospect and as there was also organized protest among the

2068:(broken pieces of calabashes) to avoid listening to the wise words of the 2421: 2417: 2413: 2377: 2262: 2009: 2001: 1774: 1722: 1614: 1355: 1318: 1138: 1011: 991: 986: 961: 516: 511: 501: 407: 357: 310: 2793: 2523:, former member of Parliament of Kenya and minister of industrialization 2446:

William Ruto at the 54th Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference.

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in Nandi oral tradition date to the 1850s during the time when the Sawe

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All boys who were circumcised together were said to belong to the same

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Warriors in the Heart of Darkness: The Nandi Resistance 1850 to 1897

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The Nandi experience contributes a great deal to commonly perceived

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The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society

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Before the mid-19th century, the Nandi referred to themselves as

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A totality of various traditions making up the narrative of the

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at that time, the colonial government came to believe that the

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Koitalel Arap Samoei Mausoleum and Museum in Nandi Hills, Kenya

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The Nandi people have had remarkable political figures like

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were free, fair and inclusive. Other Nandi leaders include

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The International Journal of African Historical Studies

2529:, former member of Parliament for Tinderet constituency 2008:) led to the development of a learning system known as 1712: 2858:, The Journal of African History, Vol. 17, No 4 (1976) 2871:

Women, Power, and Economic Change: The Nandi of Kenya

2831:"Inglorious Empire: what the British did to India" 2416:among others. The father of Kenyan steeplechasers 2020:(age set) and once the young men of a particular 154:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 2950: 2194:The conflict would end on 19 October 1905, when 2115:for cattle to the Nandi for a large commission. 1959:) and these were divided into villages known as 2911:. Pearson Prentice Hall Press: New Jersey 2007. 2032:. The Kalenjin have eight cyclical age-sets or 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2186: 2177:attempt to scale the great massif of the Mau. 2140: 2134: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 1672: 1666: 1656: 1650: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2603: 2601: 1678: 1586: 1196:The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival 2616: 2535:, former Eldoret North Member of Parliament 1881:were Kakipoch in Aldai and Tuken in Soiin. 2874:. Stanford University Press. p. 159. 2736: 2717: 2598: 2214: 1593: 1579: 2558: 2477:Notable Nandi female politicians include 2828: 2806: 2800: 2707:"Murder that shaped the future of Kenya" 2441: 2359: 2320:was planning to use the occasion of the 2268: 2167: 2106:Nandi warriors of the nineteenth century 2101: 1926: 1191:Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT) 1991: 1899: 296:Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture 45: 2951: 2901:The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore 2867: 2701: 2699: 2610:The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore 2595:. Clarendon Press: Oxford 1909, p.306 2592:The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore 2087:The earliest recorded mention of Arab 1839: 2739:The Journal of Modern African Studies 2613:. Clarendon Press: Oxford 1909, p.xv 1951:were divided into districts known as 2779: 2508:, first senator and 2nd Governor of 2499:, first governor and 2nd senator of 2152: 1713:Nandi position and facet to Kalenjin 106: 40:Regions with significant populations 2829:Ferriter, Diarmaid (4 March 2017). 2696: 2570:Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 2261:(Voice of the People) movement and 2157: 2077: 13: 2660:Museums Trustees of Kenya (1910). 301:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture 144:for transliterated languages, and 124:of its non-English content, using 14: 2970: 2915: 2547:, middle and long distance runner 2517:, former minister of Agriculture. 2420:comes from the community as does 2345: 2111:food and protection was located. 2082: 2944:Dr Seronei arap Chelulei Cheison 2904:. Clarendon Press: Oxford 1909. 2038:, however the Nandi dropped the 1560: 205: 111: 47: 2927:Matelong Family Home on the Web 2892: 2861: 2848: 2822: 2773: 2209: 1834: 1255:Kenya Film Classification Board 2687: 2674: 2636: 2583: 1818:History of the Kalenjin people 1282:Kenya Broadcasting Corporation 160:multilingual support templates 1: 2551: 1873:of Aldai on the west and the 1644: 1613:, a Nilotic tribe living in 84:African Traditional Religion 7: 2684:, Aurum Press, 1989, p. 121 2437: 1804:as well as to contemporary 1017:Rusinga (Cultural) Festival 246:Portuguese and Omani period 10: 2975: 2682:Kenya: The First Explorers 2350: 2265:Young Kikuyu Association. 2161: 1843: 1815: 1811: 1727:African Great Lakes Region 1457:Lothagam North Pillar Site 2939:The Kenyan Athletes eHome 2807:Thompson, Joseph (1887). 2751:10.1017/S0022278X0000255X 2382:Bernard Kipchirchir Lagat 2196:Col Richard Meinertzhagen 1398:Football Kenya Federation 94: 89: 78: 73: 66: 61: 44: 39: 34: 29: 2479:Philomena Chelagat Mutai 2355: 2000:The social climate (see 1866:in south-western Nandi. 1287:Kenya Television Network 1245:Communications Authority 2922:Kalenjin Online – Nandi 2249:coherent organization. 2215:World War I (1914–1918) 2187: 2141: 2135: 2070: 2064: 2062:put on their ears some 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 1888:(known to the Nandi as 1679: 1673: 1667: 1657: 1651: 256:Early post Independence 251:British Colonial Period 2932:31 August 2007 at the 2447: 2365: 2244:families, age-set and 2173: 2107: 1971:administrative layer. 1701: 1186:Kenya National Theatre 972:Lamu Cultural Festival 2909:Cultural Anthropology 2868:Oboler, R.S. (1985). 2445: 2418:Amos Kipwambok Biwott 2363: 2340:Barsirian Arap Manyei 2333:Barsirian Arap Manyei 2269:Nandi Protest of 1923 2171: 2105: 1927:Emotinua organization 1786:Kalenjin nomenclature 1683:which means camel in 1547:Coat of arms of Kenya 1403:Kenyan Premier League 1336:Business Daily Africa 1331:The African Executive 1250:Kenya Film Commission 1059:African Inland Church 90:Related ethnic groups 16:Ethnic group of Kenya 2183:Koitalel Arap Samoei 1992:Cultural development 1729:. They include: the 1623:Rift Valley Province 1502:Dedan Kimathi Statue 1447:World Heritage Sites 1410:Rugby union in Kenya 122:specify the language 120:This article should 2472:William Samoei Ruto 2292:colonial government 1884:It is notable that 1846:Settlement of Nandi 1840:Settlement of Nandi 1824:Settlement of Nandi 1629:, in what is today 1542:Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu 1309:CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM 1239:Government agencies 1201:Too Early for Birds 1132:and performing arts 311:Elmenteitan culture 291:Koobi Fora Hominins 241:Swahili city states 26: 2713:. 5 December 2008. 2527:Jean-Marie Seroney 2501:Uasin Gishu County 2485:, a former MP for 2452:Jean-Marie Seroney 2448: 2412:, and Paralympian 2366: 2174: 2108: 1794:Kalenjin mythology 1699:which is known as 1507:Baden-Powell grave 1497:Tom Mboya Monument 1233:Nation Media Group 1116:Swahili literature 913:Kalenjin mythology 646:Kenyan Australians 332:Modern ethnicities 24: 2907:Ember and Ember. 2881:978-0-8047-1224-8 2541:, marathon runner 2428:Janeth Chepkosgei 2398:Richard Mateelong 2153:Late 19th-century 2120:blood brotherhood 1802:Kalenjin heritage 1639:Kalenjin language 1633:. They speak the 1603: 1602: 1452:List of Monuments 1393:Football in Kenya 1292:Tinga Tinga Tales 1260:Kenya News Agency 182: 181: 162:may also be used. 105: 104: 2966: 2886: 2885: 2865: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2734: 2715: 2714: 2703: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2657: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2562: 2464:Kimayo Arap Sego 2434:are also Nandi. 2402:Super Henry Rono 2190: 2164:Nandi Resistance 2158:Nandi resistance 2144: 2138: 2078:Mid-19th century 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 1894:Nandi escarpment 1806:Kalenjin culture 1704: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1660: 1654: 1609:are part of the 1595: 1588: 1581: 1567:Kenya portal 1565: 1564: 1563: 1422:Cricket in Kenya 1272:A24 news channel 908:Maasai mythology 641:Kenyan Americans 306:Eburran industry 286:Historic peoples 236:African iron age 209: 200: 198:Culture of Kenya 184: 183: 177: 174: 168: 153: 147: 143: 137: 133: 127: 115: 114: 107: 57: 53: 51: 50: 30:Total population 27: 23: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2949: 2948: 2934:Wayback Machine 2918: 2898:A. C. Hollis. 2895: 2890: 2889: 2882: 2866: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2835:The Irish Times 2827: 2823: 2805: 2801: 2778: 2774: 2735: 2718: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2679: 2675: 2658: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2617: 2607:A. C. Hollis. 2606: 2599: 2589:A. C. Hollis. 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2497:Jackson Mandago 2492: 2440: 2410:Tecla Chemabwai 2386:Wilson Kipketer 2374:Prof. Mike Boit 2358: 2353: 2348: 2275:wars of 1905-06 2271: 2217: 2212: 2166: 2160: 2155: 2085: 2080: 1994: 1929: 1905: 1848: 1842: 1837: 1820: 1814: 1715: 1647: 1637:dialect of the 1599: 1561: 1559: 1552: 1551: 1537:National anthem 1522: 1521: 1512: 1511: 1477:Jumba la Mtwana 1467:Thimlich Ohinga 1442: 1441: 1432: 1431: 1388:Athletics Kenya 1383: 1382: 1371: 1370: 1346:The EastAfrican 1304:98.4 Capital FM 1218: 1217: 1206: 1205: 1180:Performing arts 1134: 1133: 1121: 1120: 1111: 1110: 1099: 1098: 1089:Traditional art 1084: 1083: 1074: 1073: 1044: 1043: 1032: 1031: 947: 946: 928: 927: 891:Bantu mythology 886: 885: 876: 875: 668: 667: 656: 655: 316:Sirikwa culture 283: 282: 271: 270: 221: 220: 196: 178: 172: 169: 163: 151: 145: 141: 139:transliteration 135: 131: 125: 116: 112: 48: 46: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2972: 2962: 2961: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2924: 2917: 2916:External links 2914: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2860: 2847: 2821: 2799: 2788:(2): 263–264. 2772: 2745:(3): 495–507. 2716: 2695: 2686: 2673: 2647: 2635: 2615: 2597: 2582: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2539:Eliud Kipchoge 2536: 2533:Chelagat Mutai 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2503: 2439: 2436: 2432:Eliud Kipchoge 2394:Wilfred Bungei 2370:Kipchoge Keino 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2346:Recent history 2344: 2270: 2267: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149:independence. 2084: 2083:Nandi identity 2081: 2079: 2076: 1993: 1990: 1928: 1925: 1904: 1898: 1844:Main article: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1816:Main article: 1813: 1810: 1714: 1711: 1646: 1643: 1619:Kipsigis tribe 1601: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1590: 1583: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1154:Kenyan hip hop 1151: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 952:New Year's Day 948: 942: 941: 940: 937: 936: 930: 929: 926: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 904: 903: 898: 887: 883: 882: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 872: 871: 870: 869: 864: 854: 853: 852: 842: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 809: 808: 807: 806: 805: 804: 794: 793: 792: 787: 771: 770: 769: 768: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 735: 734: 733: 732: 731: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 669: 663: 662: 661: 658: 657: 654: 653: 651:Kenyan Britons 648: 643: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 340: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 284: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 266:Recent history 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 222: 216: 215: 214: 211: 210: 202: 201: 193: 192: 180: 179: 158:. 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331: 330: 285: 170: 156:ISO 639 code 152:}} 146:{{ 142:}} 136:{{ 132:}} 126:{{ 121: 80:Christianity 21:Ethnic group 18: 2711:EastAfrican 2680:Pavitt, N. 2629:Bishop, D. 2422:Julius Yego 2414:Henry Kirwa 2378:Peter Koech 2259:Piny Owacho 2010:Kamuratanet 2002:First Mutai 1969:bororiosiek 1965:kokwotinwek 1921:Uasin Gishu 1903:development 1723:East Africa 1693:Uasin Gishu 1615:East Africa 1462:Namoratunga 1356:Kenya Times 1319:Radio Maria 1054:Anglicanism 1049:Catholicism 1012:Jamhuri Day 992:Eid al-Adha 987:Eid al-Fitr 962:Good Friday 775:Afroasiatic 673:Niger–Congo 226:Pleistocene 2854:Ellis, D. 2633:, Prologue 2552:References 2468:Isaac Ruto 2406:Peter Rono 2287:rinderpest 2246:korotinwek 2230:Mozambique 2226:Tanganyika 1914:pororosiek 1879:pororosiek 1797:Kalenjin. 1492:Fort Jesus 1325:Newspapers 1277:Citizen TV 1266:Television 1223:Television 1108:Literature 1027:Boxing Day 997:Huduma Day 977:Labour day 918:Kit-Mikayi 850:Hindustani 98:and other 2811:1883-1884 2767:154836832 2456:elections 2142:kiptaiyat 2059:korongoro 2041:korongoro 1949:emotinwek 1945:emotinwek 1933:emotinwek 1910:emotinwek 1707:Kiswahili 1697:cormorant 1668:Chemwalek 1658:Chemwalin 1645:Etymology 1487:Siyu Fort 1482:Lamu Fort 1440:Monuments 1314:Pamoja FM 944:Festivals 884:Mythology 838:Afrikaans 718:Kigiryama 708:Oluluhyia 665:Languages 572:Mijikenda 326:Shungwaya 231:Neolithic 62:Languages 2959:Kalenjin 2953:Category 2930:Archived 2794:40282490 2575:24 March 2438:Politics 2337:Orkoiyot 2330:Orkoiyot 2318:Orkoiyot 2283:Kipsigis 2188:Orkoiyot 2136:Orkoiyot 2131:Orkoiyot 2089:caravans 2071:Orkoiyot 1986:Bororiet 1953:bororiet 1941:emotinua 1901:Emotinua 1856:Kakipoch 1790:Marakwet 1751:Marakwet 1735:Kipsigis 1719:Kalenjin 1674:Chemngal 1611:Kalenjin 1366:The Star 1041:Religion 818:Germanic 785:Rendille 780:Cushitic 754:Kalenjin 713:Kipokomo 698:Ekegusii 635:Diaspora 557:Rendille 532:Ilchamus 435:Kipsigis 430:Marakwet 420:Kalenjin 388:Maragoli 189:a series 187:Part of 173:May 2021 96:Kalenjin 74:Religion 68:Kalenjin 2351:Culture 2065:septook 2035:ibinwek 1812:History 1755:Sengwer 1685:Turkana 1663:Chemwal 1520:Symbols 1169:Soukous 1164:Ohangla 1159:Lingala 1069:Judaism 1064:Quakers 934:Cuisine 867:Italian 828:English 797:Semitic 764:Turkana 744:Nilotic 703:Kimîîru 683:Swahili 599:Swahili 582:Giriama 567:Sengwer 537:Turkana 527:Samburu 398:Tachoni 383:Marachi 348:Banyala 261:Moi Era 218:History 165:See why 100:Nilotes 2878: 2792: 2765: 2759:160040 2757: 2644:online 2470:, and 2384:, and 2328:, the 2310:Kikuyu 2203:mzungu 2093:ibinda 2056:, the 2053:ibinda 2047:ibinda 2029:ibinda 2023:ibinda 2018:ibinda 1981:kokwet 1976:kokwet 1961:kokwet 1759:Sabaot 1702:mnandi 1228:Cinema 1174:Taarab 1144:Boomba 1002:Diwali 957:Mawlid 901:Akamba 896:Gikuyu 862:French 857:Italic 833:German 802:Arabic 790:Somali 749:Dholuo 728:bajuni 723:Kiembu 688:Kikuyu 609:Taveta 592:Chonyi 587:Duruma 577:Jibana 547:Sakuye 542:Borana 522:Maasai 507:Mbeere 487:Somali 460:Sabaot 440:Elgeyo 403:Tiriki 393:Marama 368:Isukha 363:Idakho 353:Bukusu 338:Kikuyu 280:People 191:on the 52: 2790:JSTOR 2763:S2CID 2755:JSTOR 2487:Aldai 2356:Sport 1939:(pl. 1864:Aldai 1775:First 1771:Sebei 1767:Pokot 1763:Terik 1747:Okiek 1743:Keiyo 1739:Tugen 1731:Nandi 1680:ngaal 1665:(pl. 1661:) or 1655:(pl. 1635:Nandi 1627:Kenya 1607:Nandi 1380:Sport 1298:Radio 1215:Media 1149:Genge 1139:Benga 1130:Music 693:Kamba 678:Bantu 614:Okiek 604:Taita 562:Gabra 497:Kuria 492:Kisii 482:Kamba 477:Kunta 455:Pokot 450:Terik 445:Tugen 425:Nandi 413:Wanga 408:Samia 373:Khayo 343:Luhya 55:Kenya 25:Nandi 2876:ISBN 2842:2019 2577:2020 2430:and 2312:and 2228:and 2004:and 1937:emet 1931:The 1875:emet 1871:emet 1860:emet 1777:and 1769:and 1605:The 1527:Flag 552:Orma 517:Teso 512:Embu 502:Meru 472:Suba 378:Kisa 358:Gisu 129:lang 2816:206 2747:doi 2314:Luo 1852:Maa 1725:in 1705:in 1625:of 1082:Art 759:Maa 467:Luo 149:IPA 2955:: 2833:. 2786:41 2784:. 2761:. 2753:. 2743:16 2741:. 2719:^ 2709:. 2698:^ 2650:^ 2618:^ 2600:^ 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