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Naming of comets

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Separately to the systematic numbered designation, comets are routinely assigned a standard name by the IAU, which is almost always the name or names of their discoverers. When a comet has only received a provisional designation, the "name" of the comet is typically only included parenthetically
63:) of each comet. During the twentieth century, improvements in technology and dedicated searches led to a massive increase in the number of comet discoveries, which led to the creation of a numeric designation scheme. The original scheme assigned codes in the order that comets passed 454:'s designation is C/1995 O1. After their second observed perihelion passage, designations of periodic comets are given an additional prefix number, indicating the order of their discovery. Halley's Comet, the first comet identified as periodic, has the systematic designation 190:, were named after the astronomers who calculated their orbits rather than their original discoverers. Later, periodic comets were usually named after their discoverers, but comets that had appeared only once continued to be referred to by the year of their apparition. 71:). This scheme operated until 1994, when continued increases in the numbers of comets found each year resulted in the creation of a new scheme. This system, which is still in operation, assigns a code based on the type of orbit and the date of discovery (e.g. 304:). Today, the large numbers of comets discovered by some instruments makes this system impractical, and no attempt is made to ensure that each comet is given a unique name. Instead, the comets' systematic designations are used to avoid confusion. 462:
after this designation, if at all. However, when a periodic comet receives a number and a permanent designation, the comet is usually notated by using its given name after its number and prefix. For instance, the unnumbered periodic comet
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In the past, when multiple comets were discovered by the same individual, group of individuals, or team, the comets' names were distinguished by adding a numeral to the discoverers' names (but only for periodic comets); thus Comets
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demonstrated that the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682 were the same body and successfully predicted its return in 1759, that comet became known as Halley's Comet. Similarly, the second and third known periodic comets,
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was the 9th comet discovered in 1969). Once the comet had been observed through perihelion and its orbit had been established, the comet was given a permanent designation of the year of its perihelion, followed by a
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A comet can be named after up to three discoverers, either working together as a team or making independent discoveries (without knowledge of the other investigator's work). The names are hyphenated together, using
501:). Any object that was initially misclassified as an asteroid but quickly corrected to a comet incorporates the minor planet designation into the cometary one. This can lead to some odd names such as for 361:
Increasing numbers of comet discoveries made this procedure awkward, as did the delay between discovery and perihelion passage before the permanent name could be assigned. As a result, in 1994 the
2303: 528:) and thus be classified as both an asteroid and a comet. These receive designations under both systems. There are only eight such bodies that are cross-listed as both comets and asteroids: 380:
indicates a periodic comet, defined for these purposes as any comet with an orbital period of less than 200 years or confirmed observations at more than one perihelion passage.
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From the late 20th century onwards, many comets have been discovered by large teams of astronomers, so may be named for the collaboration or instrument they used. For example,
3441: 2633: 3463: 2591: 373:). For example, the fourth comet discovered in the second half of February 2006 was designated 2006 D4. Prefixes are then added to indicate the nature of the comet: 99:
was adopted, comets were named in a variety of ways. Prior to the early 20th century, most comets were simply referred to by the year when they appeared e.g. the "
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a few days later; the discoveries were made independently and so both are honoured in the name. When the discoverer has a hyphenated surname (e.g.
1078: 48:. During that time, several different systems have been used to assign names to each comet, and as a result many comets have more than one name. 477:
Interstellar objects are also numbered in order of discovery and can receive names, as well as a systematic designation. The first example was
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approved a new naming system. Comets are now provisionally designated by the year of their discovery followed by a letter indicating the
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are notated with their provisional systematic designation followed by their name in parentheses; however, the numbered periodic comet
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consisting of the year of their discovery followed by a lowercase letter indicating its order of discovery in that year (for example,
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Particularly bright comets which came to public attention (i.e. beyond the astronomy community) would be described as the
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in 1843. However, this convention did not become widespread until the early 20th century. It remains common today.
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The first comet to be named after the person who discovered it, rather than the one who calculated its orbit, was
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is given a permanent designation of its numbered prefix ("67P/") followed by its name ("Churyumov–Gerasimenko").
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of the discovery and a number indicating the order of discovery (a system similar to that already used for
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In other cases, a known asteroid can begin to exhibit cometary characteristics (such as developing a
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indicates a comet for which no reliable orbit could be calculated (generally, historical comets).
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in 44 BC, which was so named because it was observed shortly after the assassination of
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The simplest system names comets after the year in which they were observed (e.g. the
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indicating its order of perihelion passage in that year, so that Comet 1969i became
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indicates an object that was mistakenly identified as a comet, but is actually a
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Solar System Support Pages at the University of Maryland - IAU Division III
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Sometimes it is unclear whether a newly discovered object is a comet or an
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who first calculated its orbit. It now has the numerical designations
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indicates a periodic comet that has disappeared, broken up, or been
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C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
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C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
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Possibly the earliest comet to be named after a person was
126:". Occasionally other additional adjectives might be used. 488: 846: 806:. IAU Division III Committee on Small Body Nomenclature 386:
indicates a non-periodic comet i.e. any comet that is
334:(it was the second comet to pass perihelion in 1970). 755:. International Astronomical Union. 6 November 2017 511: (Catalina-LINEAR), derived from the original 268:was discovered independently by a team using the 3528: 390:periodic according to the preceding definition. 719: 717: 862: 507:, whose alternative name is 227P/2004 EW 741: 714: 1317: 869: 855: 307: 660: 634: 2532:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887) 2507:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865) 2442:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat) 341: 209:. It also has the numerical designation 197: 153: 82: 17: 2542:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910) 611: 489:Relationship with asteroid designations 3529: 698:" 'Official' Astronomical Names" 692: 317:Until 1994, comets were first given a 249:), the hyphen is replaced by a space ( 2482:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843) 1316: 850: 686: 129: 1122:List of comets visited by spacecraft 779:Committee on Small Body Nomenclature 513:provisional minor planet designation 262:Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research 59:) or the first detailed study (e.g. 2567:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos) 767: 481:, which has the formal designation 272:(IRAS) and the amateur astronomers 13: 312: 91:, named after the date it appeared 33:and has the numerical designation 14: 3553: 2707:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz) 2487:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet) 666: 640: 621:A brief history of Halley's Comet 337: 142:and was interpreted as a sign of 3511: 3510: 2557:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany) 935: 929: 702:International Astronomical Union 363:International Astronomical Union 149: 124:Great January comet of 1910 89:Great January Comet of 1910 78: 2651:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli) 2537:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901) 2527:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882) 2502:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861) 2477:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823) 2472:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819) 2467:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811) 2462:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807) 2457:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769) 2452:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760) 2421:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577) 2416:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472) 2411:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402) 2406:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264) 2401:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106) 1064:Observational history of comets 832:. International Comet Quarterly 800:"Guidelines for Cometary Names" 2686:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George) 2676:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington) 2083:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS) 818: 792: 605: 193: 1: 2671:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock) 1153:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) 830:International Comet Quarterly 775:"Cometary Designation System" 725:"Cometary Designation System" 599: 233:where possible. For example, 205:, named after its discoverer 46:observed for over 2,000 years 25:, named after its discoverer 2712:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell) 2634:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) 2234:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9) 2143:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte 1635:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte 694:Arnett, William (Bill) David 673:Gary W. Kronk's Cometography 647:Gary W. Kronk's Cometography 270:Infrared Astronomy Satellite 7: 2203:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski 1575:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková 1555:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák 1086:Extraterrestrial atmosphere 534:4015 Wilson–Harrington 483:1I/2017 U1 (Ę»Oumuamua) 466:and the non-periodic comet 412:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 110:of that year, such as the " 10: 3558: 2592:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) 2572:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet) 2512:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet) 2497:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher) 1117:List of missions to comets 876: 536:(107P/Wilson–Harrington), 243:Horace Parnell Tuttle 29:. It is also known as the 3542:Astronomical nomenclature 3506: 2980: 2877:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) 2822:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) 2694: 2522:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt) 2437:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702) 2396:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet) 2388: 2375: 2362:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 2302: 2242: 2221: 2105: 2096: 1986: 1783: 1730:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura 1685:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 1345: 1334: 1330: 1312: 1280: 1262:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein) 1130: 1109: 1051: 944: 927: 888: 884: 472:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 2582:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland) 2517:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia) 2492:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati) 1715:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1505:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1495:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1168:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard) 499:minor planet designation 468:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy) 464:P/2011 NO1 (Elenin) 116:Great Comet of 1882 112:Great Comet of 1680 53:Great Comet of 1680 31:Great Comet of 2007 3057:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos 2912:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) 2113:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR 1405:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR 1253:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) 1096:Small Solar System body 497:(which would receive a 319:provisional designation 308:Systematic designations 266:Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock 247:Stephen Singer-Brewster 2892:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden) 2887:C/2013 US10 (Catalina) 2732:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse) 2629:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki) 2609:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines) 2208:271P/van Houten–Lemmon 2168:107P/Wilson–Harrington 2163:97P/Metcalf–Brewington 2133:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT 2009:4015 Wilson–Harrington 1853:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu 1818:107P/Wilson–Harrington 1808:97P/Metcalf–Brewington 1620:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT 617:"Halley and his Comet" 538:7968 Elst–Pizarro 358: 260:was discovered by the 253:) to avoid confusion. 221: â€“ discovered by 214: 174: 95:Before any systematic 92: 38: 3410:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz 2972:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura) 2922:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) 2902:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) 2867:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS) 2847:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS) 2792:C/2006 A1 (PojmaĹ„ski) 2782:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield) 2762:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS) 2727:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam) 2722:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) 2717:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) 2552:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky) 2198:206P/Barnard–Boattini 1720:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh 1630:56P/Slaughter–Burnham 1525:35P/Herschel–Rigollet 1272:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) 1233:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) 1163:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS) 1138:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura) 540:(133P/Elst–Pizarro), 410:(D/1770 L1) and 353:after its discoverer 345: 323:Comet 1969i (Bennett) 201: 157: 86: 21: 3390:Skjellerup–Maristany 2927:1I/2017 U1 Ę»Oumuamua 2837:C/2009 R1 (McNaught) 2827:C/2007 W1 (Boattini) 2802:C/2006 P1 (McNaught) 2787:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) 2742:C/1999 F1 (Catalina) 2656:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek) 2326:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup 2314:21P/Giacobini–Zinner 2153:72P/Denning–Fujikawa 1710:72P/Denning–Fujikawa 1610:52P/Harrington–Abell 1585:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson 1480:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup 1455:21P/Giacobini–Zinner 504:227P/Catalina–LINEAR 284:Shoemaker–Levy  251:105P/Singer Brewster 3459:White–Ortiz–Bolelli 2962:C/2021 A1 (Leonard) 2952:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) 2932:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) 2917:C/2015 V2 (Johnson) 2907:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) 2897:C/2014 E2 (Jacques) 2882:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) 2852:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) 2832:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN) 2807:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy) 2752:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) 2646:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett) 2619:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra) 2604:C/1961 R1 (Humason) 2577:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse) 2088:(300163) 2006 VW139 1958:332P/Ikeya–Murakami 1863:156P/Russell–LINEAR 1745:79P/du Toit–Hartley 1655:61P/Shajn–Schaldach 1640:58P/Jackson–Neujmin 1565:43P/Wolf–Harrington 1465:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf 1267:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) 1243:C/2015 V2 (Johnson) 1238:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE) 1218:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) 1188:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) 1173:C/2021 A1 (Leonard) 753:Minor Planet Center 729:Minor Planet Center 696:(14 January 2000). 542:60558 Echeclus 436:interstellar object 406:. Examples include 237:was found first by 3395:Skorichenko–George 2990:Aarseth-Brewington 2942:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon) 2862:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) 2842:C/2010 X1 (Elenin) 2812:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS) 2772:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) 2757:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR) 2747:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) 2681:C/1989 X1 (Austin) 2666:C/1980 E1 (Bowell) 2547:C/1911 O1 (Brooks) 2250:D/1770 L1 (Lexell) 2158:80P/Peters–Hartley 1873:162P/Siding Spring 1750:80P/Peters–Hartley 1615:53P/Van Biesbroeck 1540:38P/Stephan–Oterma 1248:C/2015 G2 (MASTER) 1223:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) 1213:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) 1203:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon) 1183:C/2020 F5 (MASTER) 1143:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon) 546:118401 LINEAR 446:(2I/2019 Q4). 359: 332:Comet 1970 II 235:Comet Swift–Tuttle 215: 175: 130:Named after people 101:Comet of 1702 93: 69:Comet 1970 II 39: 27:Robert H. McNaught 3524: 3523: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3109:IRAS–Araki–Alcock 2947:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) 2817:C/2007 N3 (Lulin) 2624:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya) 2614:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya) 2587:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos) 2562:C/1931 P1 (Ryves) 2371: 2370: 2298: 2297: 2260:18D/Perrine–Mrkos 2138:55P/Tempel–Tuttle 2015:7968 Elst–Pizarro 1933:273P/Pons–Gambart 1878:168P/Hergenrother 1868:161P/Hartley–IRAS 1828:109P/Swift–Tuttle 1670:64P/Swift–Gehrels 1625:55P/Tempel–Tuttle 1440:18D/Perrine–Mrkos 1308: 1307: 1295:Comets in fiction 1198:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS) 1193:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) 1148:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS) 1074:Comet discoverers 544:(174P/Echeclus), 294:Carolyn Shoemaker 97:naming convention 3549: 3514: 3513: 3472: 3450: 3442:Tago-Sato-Kosaka 3269:McNaught–Russell 2957:C/2020 F8 (SWAN) 2872:C/2012 S1 (ISON) 2857:C/2012 E2 (SWAN) 2797:C/2006 M4 (SWAN) 2777:C/2002 V1 (NEAT) 2767:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) 2737:C/1998 J1 (SOHO) 2702:C/1990 K1 (Levy) 2661:C/1975 V1 (West) 2642: 2600: 2386: 2385: 2103: 2102: 1858:153P/Ikeya–Zhang 1595:49P/Arend–Rigaux 1385:7P/Pons–Winnecke 1343: 1342: 1332: 1331: 1314: 1313: 1290:Antimatter comet 1178:C/2020 F8 (SWAN) 1059:Naming of comets 939: 933: 886: 885: 871: 864: 857: 848: 847: 842: 841: 839: 837: 822: 816: 815: 813: 811: 796: 790: 789: 787: 786: 771: 765: 764: 762: 760: 745: 739: 738: 736: 735: 721: 712: 711: 709: 708: 690: 684: 683: 681: 679: 664: 658: 657: 655: 653: 638: 632: 631: 629: 627: 609: 595: 587: 583:(457175) 2008 GO 579: 571: 567:(323137) 2003 BM 563: 555: 551:(300163) 2006 VW 530:2060 Chiron 520: 505: 414:(D/1993 F2) 298:Eugene Shoemaker 3557: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3490: 3466: 3444: 2982: 2976: 2967:C/2022 E3 (ZTF) 2690: 2636: 2594: 2380: 2378: 2367: 2305: 2294: 2238: 2217: 2092: 1989: 1982: 1785: 1779: 1660:62P/Tsuchinshan 1650:60P/Tsuchinshan 1645:59P/Kearns–Kwee 1410:12P/Pons–Brooks 1347: 1337: 1326: 1319:Lists of comets 1304: 1282: 1276: 1261: 1158:C/2022 E3 (ZTF) 1126: 1105: 1047: 940: 934: 925: 880: 875: 845: 835: 833: 824: 823: 819: 809: 807: 798: 797: 793: 784: 782: 773: 772: 768: 758: 756: 747: 746: 742: 733: 731: 723: 722: 715: 706: 704: 691: 687: 677: 675: 667:Kronk, Gary W. 665: 661: 651: 649: 641:Kronk, Gary W. 639: 635: 625: 623: 615:(3 July 2008). 610: 606: 602: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 548:(176P/LINEAR), 519: 515: 510: 503: 491: 456:1P/1682 Q1 452:Comet Hale–Bopp 355:Donald Machholz 340: 315: 313:Original system 310: 292:(discovered by 264:(LINEAR) team. 196: 171:1P/1682 Q1 152: 144:his deification 132: 81: 57:Comet Hale–Bopp 12: 11: 5: 3555: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3464:Wilson–Hubbard 3461: 3456: 3451: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3331:311P/PanSTARRS 3328: 3323: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2383: 2377:Near-Parabolic 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2308: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2193:205P/Giacobini 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2078:358P/PANSTARRS 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2058:311P/PanSTARRS 2055: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2036:60558 Echeclus 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1978:460P/PanSTARRS 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943:311P/PanSTARRS 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1898:205P/Giacobini 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1605:51P/Harrington 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1510:32P/Comas SolĂ  1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1470:24P/Schaumasse 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1340: 1328: 1327: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1300:Comet vintages 1297: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1003: 1001:Near-parabolic 993: 992: 991: 986: 981: 979:Jupiter-family 976: 971: 966: 961: 950: 948: 942: 941: 928: 926: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 892: 890: 882: 881: 874: 873: 866: 859: 851: 844: 843: 817: 791: 766: 740: 713: 685: 659: 633: 603: 601: 598: 592: 584: 576: 568: 560: 552: 532:(95P/Chiron), 517: 508: 490: 487: 448: 447: 429: 415: 408:Lexell's Comet 397: 391: 381: 351:Comet Machholz 339: 338:Current system 336: 314: 311: 309: 306: 288: to  195: 192: 161:, named after 159:Halley's Comet 151: 148: 136:Caesar's Comet 131: 128: 120:disambiguation 80: 77: 73:C/2012 S1 61:Halley's Comet 35:C/2006 P1 23:Comet McNaught 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3554: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3517: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3373:Siding Spring 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2374: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2213:289P/Blanpain 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2173:113P/Spitaler 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2128:27P/Crommelin 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2063:324P/La Sagra 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2042:118401 LINEAR 2040: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:289P/Blanpain 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1893:178P/Hug–Bell 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1843:141P/Machholz 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1485:27P/Crommelin 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1011:Unknown-orbit 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 997: 994: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 951: 949: 947: 943: 938: 932: 922: 921:Meteor shower 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 872: 867: 865: 860: 858: 853: 852: 849: 831: 827: 821: 805: 801: 795: 780: 776: 770: 754: 750: 744: 730: 726: 720: 718: 703: 699: 695: 689: 674: 670: 663: 648: 644: 637: 622: 618: 614: 608: 604: 597: 588: 572: 556: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 514: 506: 500: 496: 486: 484: 480: 475: 473: 469: 465: 459: 457: 453: 450:For example, 445: 444:Comet Borisov 441: 437: 434:indicates an 433: 430: 427: 423: 419: 416: 413: 409: 405: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 385: 382: 379: 376: 375: 374: 372: 368: 364: 356: 352: 348: 344: 335: 333: 329: 328:Roman numeral 324: 320: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 281: 279: 278:George Alcock 275: 274:Genichi Araki 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 226: 224: 220: 212: 208: 204: 200: 191: 189: 188:Biela's Comet 185: 184:Encke's Comet 180: 179:Edmond Halley 172: 168: 164: 163:Edmond Halley 160: 156: 150:Investigators 147: 145: 141: 140:Julius Caesar 137: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 90: 85: 79:Named by year 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 49: 47: 43: 36: 32: 28: 24: 20: 16: 3203:C/2001 OG108 2995:Arend–Roland 2356:103P/Hartley 2346:(2005, 2011) 2332:19P/Borrelly 2280:75D/Kohoutek 2265:20D/Westphal 2188:177P/Barnard 2183:157P/Tritton 2178:122P/de Vico 2053:259P/Garradd 1888:177P/Barnard 1848:144P/Kushida 1833:122P/de Vico 1823:108P/CiffrĂ©o 1813:103P/Hartley 1803:96P/Machholz 1735:77P/Longmore 1725:75D/Kohoutek 1580:46P/Wirtanen 1570:44P/Reinmuth 1500:30P/Reinmuth 1450:20D/Westphal 1445:19P/Borrelly 1058: 1043:Interstellar 996:Non-periodic 834:. Retrieved 829: 820: 808:. Retrieved 803: 794: 783:. Retrieved 769: 757:. Retrieved 752: 743: 732:. Retrieved 705:. Retrieved 688: 676:. Retrieved 672: 662: 650:. Retrieved 646: 636: 624:. Retrieved 620: 613:Ridpath, Ian 607: 591:362P/2008 GO 575:282P/2003 BM 559:288P/2006 VW 523: 492: 479:1I/Ę»Oumuamua 476: 460: 449: 431: 422:minor planet 417: 399: 393: 387: 383: 377: 360: 316: 282: 255: 241:and then by 227: 216: 207:Edwin Holmes 203:Comet Holmes 176: 133: 105: 94: 50: 40: 15: 3467: [ 3445: [ 3341:C/2015 ER61 3050:C/2013 US10 2637: [ 2595: [ 2290:85D/Boethin 2285:83D/Russell 2270:25D/Neujmin 2073:354P/LINEAR 2031:167P/CINEOS 2021:165P/LINEAR 2003:2060 Chiron 1998:596 Scheila 1968:354P/LINEAR 1963:333P/LINEAR 1923:252P/LINEAR 1918:249P/LINEAR 1903:209P/LINEAR 1798:92P/Sanguin 1775:85D/Boethin 1765:83D/Russell 1760:82P/Gehrels 1740:78P/Gehrels 1690:68P/Klemola 1680:66P/du Toit 1590:48P/Johnson 1560:42P/Neujmin 1550:40P/Väisälä 1530:36P/Whipple 1490:28P/Neujmin 1475:25D/Neujmin 1380:6P/d'Arrest 1283:speculation 1281:Culture and 1110:Exploration 1018:Great Comet 974:Halley-type 969:Long period 258:160P/LINEAR 239:Lewis Swift 194:Discoverers 108:great comet 3531:Categories 3415:Stonehouse 3368:Seki–Lines 3316:Pan-STARRS 3306:Oukaimeden 3181:C/2000 WM1 3104:Ikeya-Seki 2981:After 1910 2937:2I/Borisov 2695:After 1990 2389:Until 1990 2306:spacecraft 2304:Visited by 2255:5D/Brorsen 2148:69P/Taylor 2123:17P/Holmes 2118:15P/Finlay 2068:331P/Gibbs 1988:Comet-like 1793:88P/Howell 1784:After 1985 1770:84P/Giclas 1700:70P/Kojima 1695:69P/Taylor 1545:39P/Oterma 1535:37P/Forbes 1515:33P/Daniel 1435:17P/Holmes 1430:16P/Brooks 1425:15P/Finlay 1415:13P/Olbers 1400:10P/Tempel 1375:5D/Brorsen 1346:Until 1985 1208:2I/Borisov 1091:Oort cloud 1023:Sungrazing 1006:Hyperbolic 984:Encke-type 916:Comet dust 785:2010-08-24 759:6 November 734:2011-07-03 707:2006-03-05 669:"3D/Biela" 643:"2P/Encke" 600:References 367:half-month 302:David Levy 223:HervĂ© Faye 219:Comet Faye 211:17P/Holmes 122:e.g. the " 65:perihelion 44:have been 3481:Zhu–Balam 3435:C/2020 F8 3430:C/2012 E2 3425:C/2006 M4 3383:C/2013 A1 3378:C/2007 Q3 3358:PojmaĹ„ski 3346:C/2017 K2 3336:C/2014 Q1 3326:C/2012 K1 3321:C/2011 L4 3311:Ę»Oumuamua 3301:Nishimura 3289:C/2002 V1 3284:C/2001 Q4 3262:C/2009 R1 3257:C/2006 P1 3235:C/2014 Q2 3230:C/2013 R1 3225:C/2011 W3 3220:C/2007 E2 3208:C/2007 F1 3191:C/2002 T7 3186:C/2001 A2 3176:C/1999 S4 3154:C/2019 U6 3149:C/2018 C2 3144:C/2012 F6 3097:C/1964 N1 3092:C/1963 A1 3082:Hyakutake 3072:Hale-Bopp 3045:C/1999 F1 3030:Bradfield 3005:Beljawsky 2983:(by name) 2426:C/1652 Y1 2381:(notable) 2350:C/2006 P1 2344:9P/Tempel 2320:1P/Halley 2243:Not found 2222:Destroyed 2106:Recovered 2048:238P/Read 2026:166P/NEAT 1990:asteroids 1953:323P/SOHO 1948:322P/SOHO 1928:255P/Levy 1913:246P/NEAT 1908:238P/Read 1883:169P/NEAT 1838:126P/IRAS 1786:(notable) 1705:71P/Clark 1600:50P/Arend 1460:22P/Kopff 1395:9P/Tempel 1390:8P/Tuttle 1355:1P/Halley 1258:C/2014 UN 1228:C/2017 U7 989:Main-belt 678:14 August 652:14 August 626:14 August 440:'Oumuamua 426:'Oumuamua 371:asteroids 347:C/2004 Q2 231:en dashes 167:1P/Halley 3516:Category 3405:Southern 3252:McNaught 3247:Machholz 3134:Kohoutek 3040:Catalina 3015:Boattini 2338:81P/Wild 2275:34D/Gale 2229:3D/Biela 1755:81P/Wild 1675:65P/Gunn 1665:63P/Wild 1520:34D/Gale 1420:14P/Wolf 1365:3D/Biela 1360:2P/Encke 1336:Periodic 1101:Asteroid 1038:Exocomet 959:Numbered 954:Periodic 911:Antitail 889:Features 836:19 March 810:19 March 495:asteroid 3476:Yi–SWAN 3353:Pereyra 3296:NEOWISE 3215:Lovejoy 3161:Leonard 3129:Johnson 3124:Jacques 3119:Iwamoto 3077:Humason 3062:Eclipse 3020:Borisov 3010:Bennett 1370:4P/Faye 1069:Centaur 1052:Related 1033:Extinct 896:Nucleus 580:), and 516:2004 EW 114:" and " 3537:Comets 3198:LONEOS 3171:LINEAR 3139:Lemmon 3067:Elenin 3035:Brooks 3025:Bowell 3000:Austin 2379:comets 2364:(2014) 2358:(2010) 2352:(2007) 2340:(2004) 2334:(2001) 2328:(1992) 2322:(1986) 2316:(1985) 2044:(176P) 2038:(174P) 2017:(133P) 2011:(107P) 1338:comets 1131:Latest 1079:LINEAR 1027:Kreutz 878:Comets 781:. 1994 300:& 177:After 67:(e.g. 42:Comets 3471:] 3449:] 3363:Ryves 3274:Mrkos 3242:Lulin 3087:Ikeya 2641:] 2599:] 2005:(95P) 1348:(all) 946:Types 906:Tails 3454:West 3420:SWAN 3400:SOHO 3279:NEAT 3166:Levy 3114:ISON 2098:Lost 1973:362P 1323:more 964:Lost 901:Coma 838:2019 812:2019 761:2017 680:2013 654:2013 628:2013 526:coma 404:lost 276:and 186:and 169:and 87:The 3486:ZTF 1260:271 596:). 564:), 561:139 553:139 388:not 103:". 75:). 3533:: 3469:de 3447:de 2639:de 2597:de 828:. 802:. 777:. 751:. 727:. 716:^ 700:. 671:. 645:. 619:. 593:98 585:98 577:80 569:80 521:. 518:38 509:38 485:. 458:. 432:I/ 418:A/ 400:D/ 394:X/ 384:C/ 378:P/ 296:, 280:. 2433:) 1325:) 1321:( 1029:) 1025:( 870:e 863:t 856:v 840:. 814:. 788:. 763:. 737:. 710:. 682:. 656:. 630:. 589:( 573:( 557:( 357:. 290:9 286:1 213:. 173:. 37:.

Index


Comet McNaught
Robert H. McNaught
Great Comet of 2007
C/2006 P1
Comets
observed for over 2,000 years
Great Comet of 1680
Comet Hale–Bopp
Halley's Comet
perihelion
Comet 1970 II
C/2012 S1

Great January Comet of 1910
naming convention
Comet of 1702
great comet
Great Comet of 1680
Great Comet of 1882
disambiguation
Great January comet of 1910
Caesar's Comet
Julius Caesar
his deification

Halley's Comet
Edmond Halley
1P/Halley
1P/1682 Q1

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