1056:
85:
110:
982:
53:
1195:
75:
996:
1183:
1040:
1216:
1171:
1033:
713:
751:
1049:
1154:
128:
621:
975:
1359:
1346:
1303:
1375:
1338:
1321:
681:
Important festivals in the province include the traditional dances of the Phu Thai ethnic group held in May and June every year. The Phra That Phanom temple fair is held every
February, when many locals visit the temple to pay homage. At the end of the Buddhist Lent in November, an illuminated boat
495:
During the 12th century, the area was a kingdom called the
Kingdom of Sikhottaboon, but the kingdom went into decline and fell under Khmer rule in the 1500s. In 1766, the city of Marukhanakhon was moved across the Mekong river to its present site on the Thai side. The town was again moved to its
989:
559:
village in the province, made headlines when
Thailand's first-ever physical confrontation between communist fighters and Thai security forces occurred. Eight communist villagers were involved, one of whom was shot dead during the incident after the town was surrounded by state forces.
441:
with the smaller Oun River. The southern part is flatter with the Kum River as its only notable watercourse. The provincial capital, the city of Nakhon Phanom, is on the banks of the Mekong. The total forest area is 789 km (305 sq mi) or 14 percent of provincial area.
741:
The province derives little income from tourism. According to government officials, roughly 1.2 million tourists visited in 2017, of which only 10 percent of them were foreigners. The province projects tourist arrivals to reach more than 1.5 million in 2018.
573:
In 2023, a Lao 56-year-old man named Thao Bua Pa was arrested in a major bust for having 1,012,000 tablets of methamphetamine pills. He claimed he had lost his employment and was going to save the money he made to look after his pregnant wife.
467:, 50 km (19 sq mi) and includes the Tat Kham and Tat Pho waterfalls as its most popular attractions. Flowers such as the Lady Slipper Orchid and diverse wildlife are found in the park.
700:
Traditional products in the province include hand-woven fabric, made from silk or cotton. Renu Nakhon, That Phanom, and Si
Songkhram Districts are the centers of this industry. Also hand-made
607:
The provincial slogan is "The city of the revered
Phrathat Phanom, cultural diversity, beautiful Phutai people, brilliant illuminated boat procession and picturesque Mekong River".
729:
As of 2019, a commercial mixed-use project with a hotel, sports complex, healthcare and trade exhibition center, respectively, and other facilities is being constructed on a 1,335
563:
Between 1967 and 1971, most of the communist insurgents were defeated. Towards the end of the
Vietnam War, US forces moved their Indochinese military operations to Nakhon Phanom.
570:
had resided from 1928 and 1931 in Ban Nachok, a small village on the road between what is now the airbase and Nakhon Phanom. His former home and a museum are open to the public.
1087:(HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.
552:
in Laos and carried out counter-insurgency operations against Thai communist forces while conducting search and rescue operations primarily inside Laos and North
Vietnam.
2115:[National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020
464:
1084:
733:
site near the third Thai-Lao
Friendship Bridge and Nakhon Phanom checkpoint. It is one of ten special economic zones (SEZ) to be built throughout the country.
52:
1230:
1919:
437:
valley, is mostly plains. The northern part of the province has a more upland, forest-covered character. The main river in the northern part is the
2010:[Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior.
544:) were allegedly infiltrated by the Vietnamese and Lao communists, and the province was known as the "heartland of insurgency". US and Thai forces
1423:
109:
1271:
1083:
Since 2003, United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the
2347:
2039:[Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai)
2160:
451:
84:
1194:
642:
1055:
538:
Nakhon Phanom saw fighting between North
Vietnamese insurgents and US forces. During the 1960s, 73 of the 131 sub-district (
2112:
102:("Sacred Phra That Phanom. Variety of cultures. Phu Thai peoples of Renu. Ruea Fai festival. Beautiful Mekong riverfront.")
1416:
1235:
2300:
1264:
545:
2201:
1734:
668:
2246:
650:
1182:
283:
1977:, information, Forest statistics Year 2019, Thailand boundary from Department of Provincial Administration in 2013
2332:
548:, where the Thai military hosted the 56th Air Commando Wing, which conducted special operations against both the
903:, formed in 2005 by the merger of several local schools including the former Nakhon Phanom Rajabhat University.
480:. There are no mountains within Nakhon Phanom itself, the limestone mountains being concentrated in the city of
2342:
2072:
2058:
1988:
1409:
1077:
Province Nakhon Phanom, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6486 is "somewhat high", occupies place 27 in the ranking.
646:
74:
20:
1257:
789:
697:, fermented, preserved fish, originally comes from the Si Songkhram area is now popular throughout Thailand.
595:
295:
1850:
1646:
1170:
1573:
373:
1608:
1442:
458:
1749:
1578:
900:
631:
120:
1969:[Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019
887:). The non-municipal areas are administered by 81 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (
1684:
635:
1699:
1558:
1523:
1792:
1744:
1739:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1636:
1593:
1483:
1432:
1330:
1219:
945:
828:
765:
410:
390:
220:
202:
179:
43:
1249:
863:
As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Nakhon Phanom Provincial Administration Organisation (
1895:
1870:
1807:
1797:
1774:
1769:
1729:
1641:
1352:
981:
814:
809:
587:
8:
1855:
1719:
1709:
1651:
1613:
1538:
1468:
1463:
1296:
838:
804:
2036:
1865:
1764:
1759:
1674:
1583:
1548:
1528:
1503:
1291:
848:
799:
689:
as the Lao make up the ethnic and cultural majority through centuries of Laotian rule.
414:
143:
2197:
2187:
2084:
2083:. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019.
2052:
1982:
1890:
1840:
1832:
1802:
1754:
1679:
1618:
1563:
1455:
1386:
556:
549:
516:
406:
2225:
2005:
492:. Nakhon Phanom is more accurately described as a city where mountains can be seen.
398:
1860:
1817:
1784:
1724:
1689:
1666:
1628:
1598:
1543:
1533:
1478:
1473:
925:
843:
794:
600:
512:
476:
The name Nakhon Phanom, meaning 'city of mountains', was given to the city by King
275:
1880:
1875:
1812:
1588:
1493:
995:
883:
877:
823:
438:
2134:
1900:
1885:
1845:
1603:
1498:
833:
519:, the population remained predominantly Lao speaking. At first it was known as
2337:
2326:
2271:
2088:
1934:
1921:
1905:
1822:
1553:
929:
352:
340:
310:
2304:
1039:
450:
There are two national parks, along with five other national parks, make up
1656:
1488:
1239:
489:
434:
385:
1215:
1200:
567:
535:
1401:
1032:
2161:"Northeasterners Mark 50th Anniversary of the Communist Armed Struggle"
933:
750:
730:
712:
594:
in Khmer-style, it collapsed in 1675 and was rebuilt in Lao-style. The
508:
2135:"ส่อง ประวัติจังหวัดนครพนม หนึ่งใน อาณาจักรโบราณอันรุ่งเรือง แดนอีสาน"
1048:
917:
418:
266:
58:
1244:
1153:
620:
100:พระธาตุพนมค่าล้ำ วัฒนธรรมหลากหลาย เรณูผู้ไท เรือไฟโสภา งามตาฝั่งโขง
974:
921:
305:
133:
2288:
19 Nakhon Phanom: 1 PAO, 1 Town mun., 21 Subdistrict mun., 81 SAO.
988:
1447:
1225:
591:
481:
2113:"ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง"
321:
771:
694:
690:
583:
540:
524:
501:
477:
271:
1279:
777:
701:
2278:. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019
2196:. Translated by Claire Duiker. Cambridge University Press.
1966:
1513:
1364:
1308:
769:). The districts are further divided into 97 subdistricts (
686:
485:
422:
402:
258:
252:
62:
2226:"รวบชายวัย 56 พาเมียอุ้มท้อง 3 เดือน ขนยาบ้ากว่าล้านเม็ด!"
405:. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise):
2272:"Number of local government organizations by province"
2075:
Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition
114:
Map of Thailand highlighting Nakhon Phanom province
2186:
2037:"ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)"
1967:"ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562"
881:) status. Further 21 subdistrict municipalities (
875:) areas in the province. Nakhon Phanom has town (
237:
2324:
920:along the Mekong River through Nakhon Phanom to
951:
57:Mekong River, Nakhon Phanom province, opposite
2007:รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ส.2562
1417:
1265:
1245:Nakhon Phanom During The Secret War 1962-1975
720:drivers awaiting passengers in Nakhon Phanom.
763:The province is divided into 12 districts (
745:
649:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
357:
158:Wanchai Chanporn (since December 2022)
2031:
2029:
1424:
1410:
1272:
1258:
865:
108:
2158:
2107:
2105:
2065:
1431:
1280:Places adjacent to Nakhon Phanom province
669:Learn how and when to remove this message
515:. After it came under the control of the
2184:
1146:Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings
948:, located four kilometers west of town.
758:
749:
724:
711:
2178:
2026:
2325:
2102:
704:instruments are made in the province.
2000:
1998:
1961:
1959:
1405:
1253:
384:
351:
171:5,637 km (2,176 sq mi)
2348:Populated places on the Mekong River
1287:
1141:
647:adding citations to reliable sources
614:
2223:
858:
546:established a base at Nakhon Phanom
461:, 829 km (320 sq mi)
389:) is one of Thailand's seventy-six
13:
2247:"JCK wins bid to build border SEZ"
1995:
1956:
1038:
685:The cuisine is similar to that of
507:The area had been long settled by
14:
2359:
1236:Mekong river level critically low
1208:
1188:Seat of provincial administration
445:
2159:Drahmoune, Fabian (2015-08-13).
1448:Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)
1373:
1357:
1344:
1336:
1319:
1301:
1214:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1152:
1054:
1047:
1031:
994:
987:
980:
973:
619:
590:. Originally constructed around
454:of Thailand's protected areas.
126:
83:
73:
51:
2293:
2264:
2239:
523:, and during the reign of King
2217:
2152:
2127:
928:. Route 22 leads west through
582:The provincial seal shows the
417:. To the northeast it borders
386:[nà(ʔ).kʰɔ᷇ːnpʰā.no᷇m]
21:Nakhon Phanom (disambiguation)
1:
2303:. OurAirports. Archived from
1949:
1374:
1320:
1231:Tourist Authority of Thailand
496:present site and was called
353:[ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːnpʰā.nōm]
1345:
1337:
1222:travel guide from Wikivoyage
952:Human achievement index 2022
906:
894:
867:ongkan borihan suan changwat
566:Vietnamese communist leader
555:On 7 August 1965, an ethnic
428:
7:
2014:(in Thai). 31 December 2019
944:Nakhon Phanom is served by
866:
399:upper northeastern Thailand
235:0.6486 "somewhat high"
10:
2364:
2057:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1987:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1203:Memorial House, Ban Nachok
1176:Pagoda of Phra That Phanom
1162:
889:ongkan borihan suan tambon
785:
736:
707:
610:
577:
471:
377:
18:
2185:Brocheux, Pierre (2007).
1831:
1783:
1665:
1627:
1512:
1454:
1439:
1285:
1076:
488:on the other side of the
459:Phu Pha Yon National Park
344:
316:
304:
294:
282:
265:
248:
243:
231:
226:
216:
208:
198:
190:
185:
175:
167:
162:
154:
149:
139:
119:
107:
97:
69:
50:
41:
31:
2189:Ho Chi Minh: A Biography
2006:
1735:Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
911:
901:Nakhon Phanom University
746:Administrative divisions
682:procession takes place.
598:, as well as flower, is
465:Phu Langka National Park
35:
2301:"Nakhon Phanom Airport"
1085:Human achievement index
821:
586:of Phra That Phanom in
498:Nakhon Buri Ratchathani
232: • HAI (2022)
227:Human Achievement Index
217: • Rank
212:127/km (330/sq mi)
2333:Nakhon Phanom province
1935:17.40806°N 104.78222°E
1342:Nakhon Phanom province
1043:
939:
775:) and 1,040 villages (
755:
721:
500:until renamed by King
452:region 10 (Udon Thani)
337:Nakhon Phanom province
2343:Provinces of Thailand
1433:Provinces of Thailand
1331:Sakon Nakhon province
1042:
946:Nakhon Phanom Airport
759:Provincial government
753:
725:Special Economic Zone
715:
504:to its present name.
433:The province, in the
155: • Governor
2012:stat.bora.dopa.go.th
1353:Savannakhet province
924:, and then south to
916:Route 212 runs from
899:The town is home to
871:) and 22 municipal (
790:Mueang Nakhon Phanom
643:improve this section
588:That Phanom District
517:Kingdom of Ayutthaya
511:and belonged to the
209: • Density
26:Province in Thailand
19:For other uses, see
16:Province of Thailand
1940:17.40806; 104.78222
1931: /
1851:Nakhon Si Thammarat
1647:Prachuap Khiri Khan
1297:Khammouane province
754:Map of 12 districts
261:1.4 billion) (2019)
2224:หยู (2023-04-08).
1292:Bueng Kan province
1226:Provincial website
1147:
1044:
756:
722:
249: • Total
191: • Total
168: • Total
144:Nakhon Phanom town
2139:travel.trueid.net
1914:
1913:
1574:Nakhon Ratchasima
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:Mukdahan province
1160:
1159:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1081:
1080:
856:
855:
679:
678:
671:
550:Ho Chi Minh Trail
374:Northeastern Thai
334:
333:
199: • Rank
176: • Rank
2355:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2195:
2192:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2165:The Isaan Record
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1609:Ubon Ratchathani
1426:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1218:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1156:
1142:
1112:"Somewhat high"
1101: 1–13
1090:
1089:
1058:
1051:
1035:
998:
991:
984:
977:
956:
955:
926:Ubon Ratchathani
869:
859:Local government
784:
783:
674:
667:
663:
660:
654:
623:
615:
601:Fagraea fragrans
513:Lan Xang Kingdom
388:
383:
379:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
355:
350:
346:
330:
327:
325:
323:
132:
130:
129:
112:
87:
77:
55:
29:
28:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2307:on 31 July 2013
2299:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2193:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1827:
1779:
1750:Samut Songkhram
1661:
1623:
1579:Nong Bua Lamphu
1515:
1508:
1450:
1435:
1430:
1400:
1395:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1302:
1300:
1281:
1278:
1238:(8 March 2021)
1211:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1165:
1128:"Somewhat low"
1096:Classification
954:
942:
914:
909:
897:
884:thesaban tambon
878:thesaban mueang
861:
761:
748:
739:
727:
710:
675:
664:
658:
655:
640:
624:
613:
596:provincial tree
580:
474:
448:
439:Songkhram River
431:
381:
369:
366:
363:
360:
348:
320:
290:
256:
236:
127:
125:
115:
103:
101:
98:Motto(s):
93:
92:
91:
90:
81:
80:
65:
46:
37:
34:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2319:
2318:
2292:
2263:
2238:
2216:
2202:
2177:
2151:
2126:
2101:
2064:
2025:
1994:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1685:Kamphaeng Phet
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
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1639:
1633:
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1625:
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1616:
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1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1350:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1210:
1209:External links
1207:
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2309:. Retrieved
2305:the original
2295:
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2280:. Retrieved
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2251:Bangkok Post
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2092:. Retrieved
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2041:. Retrieved
2016:. Retrieved
2011:
1971:. Retrieved
1916:
1793:Chachoengsao
1745:Samut Sakhon
1740:Samut Prakan
1715:Pathum Thani
1705:Nakhon Sawan
1695:Nakhon Nayok
1637:Kanchanaburi
1594:Sakon Nakhon
1568:
1514:Northeastern
1484:Mae Hong Son
1441:
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1240:Bangkok Post
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829:Si Songkhram
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641:Please help
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490:Mekong River
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435:Mekong River
432:
411:Sakon Nakhon
401:also called
394:
336:
335:
296:Calling code
2282:10 December
2194:(Hardcover)
2018:26 February
1938: /
1926:104°46′56″E
1896:Surat Thani
1871:Phatthalung
1808:Prachinburi
1798:Chanthaburi
1775:Uthai Thani
1770:Suphan Buri
1730:Phitsanulok
1642:Phetchaburi
1201:Ho Chi Minh
965:Employment
815:Renu Nakhon
810:That Phanom
568:Ho Chi Minh
536:Vietnam War
534:During the
527:was called
284:Postal code
238:Ranked 27th
221:Ranked 36th
203:Ranked 38th
180:Ranked 38th
2327:Categories
2311:3 February
2232:2023-04-11
2145:2023-04-11
2119:1 November
2094:22 January
1950:References
1923:17°24′29″N
1856:Narathiwat
1720:Phetchabun
1710:Nonthaburi
1652:Ratchaburi
1614:Udon Thani
1539:Chaiyaphum
1469:Chiang Rai
1464:Chiang Mai
1120:"Average"
1023:Transport
962:Education
934:Udon Thani
839:Phon Sawan
805:Ban Phaeng
509:Lao people
397:) lies in
382:pronounced
349:pronounced
255:43 billion
186:Population
150:Government
2276:dla.go.th
2228:(in Thai)
2170:24 August
2141:(in Thai)
2089:1686-0799
2047:, page 27
1866:Phang Nga
1765:Sukhothai
1760:Sing Buri
1675:Ang Thong
1584:Nong Khai
1549:Khon Kaen
1529:Bueng Kan
1504:Uttaradit
918:Nong Khai
907:Transport
895:Education
849:Wang Yang
800:Tha Uthen
630:does not
429:Geography
419:Khammouan
415:Bueng Kan
391:provinces
267:Time zone
59:Khammouan
2081:<>
2053:cite web
2043:12 March
1983:cite web
1891:Songkhla
1841:Chumphon
1833:Southern
1803:Chonburi
1755:Saraburi
1680:Chai Nat
1619:Yasothon
1564:Mukdahan
1456:Northern
1017:Housing
922:Mukdahan
873:thesaban
659:May 2019
557:Phu Thai
407:Mukdahan
395:changwat
134:Thailand
44:Province
1973:6 April
1861:Pattani
1818:Sa Kaeo
1785:Eastern
1725:Phichit
1690:Lopburi
1667:Central
1629:Western
1599:Sisaket
1544:Kalasin
1534:Buriram
1479:Lamphun
1474:Lampang
1443:Capital
1163:Gallery
1104:"High"
1020:Family
968:Income
959:Health
844:Na Thom
795:Pla Pak
772:tambons
766:amphoes
737:Tourism
718:tuk-tuk
708:Economy
651:removed
636:sources
611:Culture
592:535 BCE
578:Symbols
541:tambons
482:Thakhek
472:History
361:
317:Website
194:719,136
140:Capital
121:Country
2256:18 May
2209:24 May
2200:
2087:
1881:Ranong
1876:Phuket
1813:Rayong
1589:Roi Et
1516:(Isan)
1494:Phayao
1362:
1306:
1136:"Low"
824:Na Kae
778:mubans
695:Pla ra
691:Padaek
584:pagoda
525:Rama I
502:Rama I
478:Rama I
413:, and
378:นครพนม
345:นครพนม
131:
36:นครพนม
1901:Trang
1886:Satun
1846:Krabi
1604:Surin
1499:Phrae
1133:62–77
1125:46–61
1117:30–45
1109:14–29
912:Roads
834:Na Wa
716:Isan
702:khene
311:TH-48
272:UTC+7
2338:Isan
2313:2013
2284:2019
2258:2019
2211:2018
2198:ISBN
2172:2015
2121:2022
2096:2020
2085:ISSN
2059:link
2045:2024
2020:2020
1989:link
1975:2021
1906:Yala
1823:Trat
1554:Loei
1365:Laos
1309:Laos
1093:Rank
687:Laos
634:any
632:cite
486:Laos
423:Laos
403:Isan
358:lit.
341:Thai
289:48xx
259:US$
253:baht
163:Area
89:Seal
79:Flag
63:Laos
1657:Tak
1489:Nan
1072:28
1069:32
1063:16
1012:66
1009:69
1006:62
1003:19
940:Air
932:to
891:).
781:).
731:rai
693:or
645:by
484:in
421:of
328:.th
326:.go
322:www
300:042
276:ICT
244:GDP
2329::
2286:.
2274:.
2249:.
2163:.
2137:.
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2051:{{
2028:^
1997:^
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