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were in keeping with the Anaang's own customs of passing on cultural traditions. Before colonization, all children were naked until puberty, after which young men wore only a loincloth and women wore a small cloth until marriage. Girls wore beads around their waists and ankles. Adult clothing for both sexes was a cloth that reached from the waist to the ground. The cloth is long enough to cover women's breasts, but this is not done while working. Having no shame in the body, both sexes openly bathed nude. Brides dance nude at their wedding, prior to being given their first adult clothing. The western researchers saw the bridal dance as sexual, but the members of the tribe said it was not. Norms of sexual behavior were strict, premarital intercourse being frowned upon and adultery being a crime, although
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22:
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interpreted as their being less than human. Another contributing factor was the assumption, with or without cause, that
Indigenous peoples were also dirty, the addition of public and private baths in the 19th century having made Europeans conscious of the benefits of good hygiene. However, anthropologists have noted that many non-Western societies have elaborate rituals of bathing and purification.
1530:. Thousands of Zulu girls participate in a ceremony representing their pledge to virginity before marriage, wearing traditional dress which does not cover their breasts. At tourist "villages" that are part of resorts, Zulu teenager girls perform bare-chested. While primarily seeing this as an expression of their culture, they are not unaware of being sexualized by male tourists.
766:) was a British colony until 1994. The Christian missionaries among the white colonial minority pursued the policy of civilizing the Zulu majority, imposing Western clothing being a visible symbol of this effort. Indigenous peoples resisted by either wearing clothing inappropriately or reverting to their traditional attire when not at the mission station.
442:
British in India in the 19th century, Europeans were concerned with attributing meaning to states of undress, which they did not see as a natural state for humans. Being properly dressed in
Western cultures was so full of meanings that the scanty dress or nudity of others needed an explanation, which was generally provided by religion. One of the enduring
438:
of
European expansion began in the 1500s in the context of religion and folklore that included beliefs in demons and half-human monsters. By the 18th century European thought was embracing ideas of social progress from primitive to agriculture to industrialization. Many Europeans justified colonization as spreading civilization rather than as conquest.
1337:(1868–1912) brought Western influences. The previously normal states of undress, and the custom of mixed public bathing, became an issue for leaders concerned with Japan's international reputation. Although often ignored or circumvented, the laws against nudity had the effect of sexualizing the body in situations that had not previously been erotic.
483:. The ambivalence of the West included geography and biology. Some imagined the tropics as "paradise" but others viewed it as primitive, and temperate climates as more complex. In the 19th century, with the acceptance of evolutionary theory, it was recognized that humanity had originated in the tropics based upon anatomical similarities to apes.
474:
human societies that became known in the early modern era produced additional distinctions, including those that colonizers saw as sub-human. Savages could be considered fully human, and thus capable of being brought into civilization by religious conversion; or an inferior breed to be enslaved or exterminated.
425:, responses to encounters between Indigenous and Western cultures varied, and changed during the centuries of colonization, but were generally based upon the assumption of Western peoples and culture being more advanced. The effects of colonialism continue in contemporary non-Western societies. Outside
1199:
A book by a German national serving as a medical doctor in the
Netherlands East Indies army between 1912 and 1914 describes the island of Bali as an "Eden" for Western visitors. His praise includes the beauty of Balinese women, who were bare-breasted in everyday life and unclothed while bathing. Both
884:
Indigenous peoples of the
Americas had no associations of sexuality or nudity with shame or sin. European colonizers became aware of other practices, including premarital and extramarital sex, homosexuality, and cross-dressing, that motivated their efforts to convert natives to Christianity. However,
846:
published two volumes of photographs in the 1920s and 1930s. The book described images of unclothed but elaborately decorated Igbo women as indicating their high status as eligible brides who would not have thought of themselves as naked. Igbo men were also dressed to indicate their status, but young
473:
Contact effected not only non-European cultures, but caused
European cultures to reevaluate what it means to be human. From the Ancient Greeks to the Medieval period, there had been a distinction between two types, civilized humans and barbarians who were human, but lacking in culture. The variety of
1173:
In an autobiography by an
Arrernte man in 1950, he does not describe his people as naked. Instead, he reports that children were taught behaviors appropriate to each gender that maintained modesty without clothing, such as sitting facing away from others. These behaviors were not known or understood
854:
of
Nigeria was done in 1950-51, when elders of the tribe wanted their history and culture recorded due to the threat of Westernization. There were many who remembered the arrival of the first white people in 1901. People of all ages and gender openly talked of sexual beliefs and behavior. Such talks
437:
Colonialism is the domination of one culture by another, which has occurred throughout history as one society extended control over neighboring territories. This process expanded as technologies for navigation and transport allowed for contact with more distant parts of the world. The justifications
1398:
peoples in the
Northern and Upper Regions of the country. Although the stated opposition to nudity was its association with harmful practices, its prevalence as a tradition was seen as detrimental to Ghana's reputation in the world and economic development, nakedness being associated with primitive
1274:
prior to
European colonization wore woven cloaks and kilts for protection from the weather and to denote social status. However, very little of the human body had to be concealed for modesty's sake. In informal settings, men went naked except for a belt with a piece of string attached holding their
1259:
Christian missionaries had a great influence, establishing alternative villages for their families, building schools as well as churches, and employing native women as domestics. Proper dress was a prerequisite for receiving these benefits, although not observed consistently. Hawaiian women thought
1246:
Depictions of naked savages entered European popular culture in the 18th century in popular stories of tropical islands. In particular, Europeans became fascinated by the image of the Pacific island woman with bare breasts. While much was made of Polynesian nakedness, European cloth was welcomed as
690:
The Indigenous people of the Americas did not fit easily into existing categories. Columbus noted that they were physically attractive, with "fine bodies and handsome faces" but entirely lacking in clothing or other signs of human culture. Amerigo Vespucci found danger of seduction in the beauty of
531:
based upon comparative anatomy. Photographing naked natives also became popular with non-scientists such as travel writers and missionaries, who used the link between indigenous nudity and science to justify the display of images that would otherwise be classified as obscene. Eventually such images
1169:
Missionaries and anthropologists came to Central Australia much later than other regions, it being sparsely populated due to scarce water resources. The first Europeans arrived in the late 1870s with a second wave in the 1930s. Aboriginal peoples welcomed clothing, but use it as decorations rather
1116:
The introduction of woven cloth to the Pacific islands had varied effects in different cultures. While missionaries viewed body coverings in terms of progress toward conversion to Christianity, native cultures integrated the new technology into their existing customs of body adornment. Pre-contact
871:
had little importance in the subsequent history of the continents. He was not interested in the land or people, but in finding resources to exploit and establishing trade. He never gave up the idea that the lands he encountered were part of Asia. In his diaries, Columbus writes that the natives of
743:
continued to dress untouched by western values, but celebrate the human body and acceptance of nakedness. The national dress code was defended as addressing the problem of sexual assaults, which women protested, pointing out that it not only unfairly place the responsibility for assaults on women
511:
From the 17th century, European explorers viewed the lack of clothing they encountered in Africa and Oceania as representative of a primitive state of nature, justifying their own superiority, even as they continued to admire the beauty of Greek statues. A distinction was made by Europeans between
686:
Some Indigenous peoples have skin no darker than that of Southern Europeans, or among workers tanned by the sun, thus their nakedness was interpreted as being of low status. In combination with nakedness, the darker skin and other superficial differences in African and Australian peoples could be
713:
In Africa, nudity is not solely sexual, but varies in social meaning from one situation to another. In rural villages, both boys and girls are allowed to be nude while playing, based upon a belief that the young are innocent of negative feelings or sexual urges. Women also bare their breasts as
464:
were naked only by comparison to Western norms. The genitals or entire lower body of adults might be covered in many situations, while the upper body of both men and women would usually be unclothed. However, lacking the western concept of shame regarding the body, complete nudity in public for
441:
Because clothing and body adornments are such an important part of non-verbal communications, the relative lack of body coverings was one of the first things explorers noticed when they encountered Indigenous peoples of the tropics. From the beginning with Columbus in the 15th century until the
450:
based upon the belief that clothes being the signifier of membership in a civilized society, the lack of clothes represented the complete lack of culture. In Victorian England, the naked body was a potential source of moral decay, which was domesticated by proper dress. Any glimpse of the body
1518:
Western tourists often come to the tropics with expectations not based upon the authentic way of life of Indigenous peoples. Tourism companies may provide performances that satisfy these expectations, but also find resistance from groups within each country that have different conceptions of
1177:
As the 20th century continued, it was found that clothing had results that were the opposite of what was intended. When aboriginal children had grown up naked, they had little interest in sexuality until adulthood, but clothing made them more sexually aware and precocious.
592:
1077:(1858-1947) people in northern India dressed modestly, but might bath nude in rivers. Indigenous peoples in southern tropical zones continued to be naked, but prior to Western colonization, some had already adopted more modest dress with the spread of Hinduism.
704:
In the Pacific islands, where colonization occurred later in the era, the darker skin of natives became a garment. The lack of clothing, in particular women not covering their breasts, was no longer noticed by some Europeans after a time of adjustment.
1174:
by Europeans at the time. He also described the missionaries trying to prevent an Arrernte ceremony which involved the men being naked with their bodies painted with sacred markings. The missionaries refused to give them food until they had dressed.
889:
writes of the European response to the nakedness and odd dress of the southwest natives, ranging from amusement to hostility, and Western clothes being a metaphor for civilization. He was particularly disturbed by some native men dressing as women.
1170:
than to cover their nakedness, which was disconcerting to outsiders. The 19th century missionaries pursued a policy of cultural conversion that included proper dress, but in the 20th century anthropologists were more accepting of nakedness.
486:
Charles Darwin thought that it was migration to less hospitable climates that offered the challenges that promoted development of modern humans. Lacking knowledge of genetics, beliefs regarding the origin of humans tended toward
1340:
Two Nigerian theologians have found agreement regarding modest dress in traditional African practices and Judeo-Christian values, and see contemporary globalization as eroding both. With the passage of a dress code in
829:
In the 19th century, photographs of naked Indigenous peoples began circulating in Europe without a clear distinction between those created as commercial curiosities (or erotica) and those claiming to be scientific, or
1129:
738:
passed an anti-pornography law which included a dress code outlawing "immoral" clothing that exposes the intimate parts of the body. This law was enforced in the capital, Kampala, by male vigilantes, while the
1007:
457:, Charles Darwin wrote of the indifference to nakedness among the natives of Tierra del Fuego, who "one can hardly make oneself believe are fellow creatures, and inhabitants of the same world".
569:
1283:. Women covered their pubic area with small aprons or bunches of fragrant plant material when in the presence of men – although these parts could be exposed in the gesture of contempt known as
675:
that had been used historically by Europeans to explain the existence of black people. The modern concept of race as innate had begun to emerged in the 15th century with the establishment of a
4481:
1356:
In Bali, the norms for dress have been reversed, Balinese becoming conservative, while tourists need to be told that nude swimming is illegal, and swimwear is not appropriate off the beach.
921:
men and women bathed in rivers with little concern for modesty. Yet in spite of the number of hot springs in the region, there is no mention of their use for bathing by Indigenous peoples.
429:, some retain or seek to reestablishing Indigenous cultural practices that include traditional nakedness, while in cities residents have generally adopted Western concepts of modest dress.
1203:
Soon, the Dutch colonial administration began issuing conflicting orders regarding proper dress, which had limited effect due to some Balinese supporting tradition, others modernization.
1289:. Pre-pubescent children wore no clothes at all. There was no shame or modesty attached to women's breasts, and therefore no garments devoted to concealing them; the colourful woven
913:
viewed indigenous bathing practices, which included both men and women entering temazcales naked, in terms of paganism and sexual immorality and sought to eradicate them. In the
477:
Western ambivalence about the human body could be expressed by responding to the nakedness of natives as either a sign of rampant sexuality or of the innocence that preceded the
1121:
which is fragile, particularly when wet. The new cloth was popular, but used only when needed, which did not include preserving modesty, and thus could be removed as necessary.
1263:
The practice of surfing originally was part of native ritual, and was done naked. This was forbidden by Christian missionaries, putting an end to surfing for a period of time.
671:
Both nakedness and skin color are markers of difference which combined or diverged in particular circumstances. Blackness was a factor in contact between cultures based upon a
683:. As the natural sciences developed, humans were divided into groups based upon additional characteristics such as facial features and hair texture, not by skin tone alone.
1225:
932:
of Rhode Island, rare among the Puritans, noted the innocence of natives compared to Europeans, indicating that nakedness nullified sexuality rather than promoting it.
3561:
Levine, Philippa (1 March 2017). "Naked Natives and Noble Savages: The Cultural Work of Nakedness in Imperial Britain". In Crosbie, Barry; Hampton, Mark (eds.).
795:
1432:
630:
546:
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of Southern Sudan, and many others continue to dress appropriately for the climate, often entirely naked while working or bathing. In 2014 the parliament of
611:
1452:
885:
characterization of others as savage may have been to justify conquest and displacement. In his diaries during an expedition to the Pacific coast in 1791,
2572:
Bastian, Misty L (2005). "The Naked and the Nude: Historically Multiple Meanings of Oto (Undress) in Southeastern Nigeria". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
978:
into the 20th century, maintaining their cultural traditions, including dress. Now, their contact with outsiders is mainly loggers exploiting the forest.
876:, his first landing; were entirely naked, both men and women, and gentle. This also meant that they were seen as less than fully human, and exploitable.
2974:
847:
men with no status were often entirely naked while laboring in fields. Igbo infants and boys were generally naked, while girls wore minimal adornments.
3134:"The Naked and the Differently Clothed: Spanish Encounters with Native Americans in 18th Century Explorations of the Pacific Northwest and Southwest"
2952:
691:
native women. The historical ambivalence of Europeans toward nudity lead to alternative views of natives as innocent or sinful. Conceptions of the
465:
practical or ceremonial purposes was common. Children until puberty and sometimes women until marriage might be naked as having "nothing to hide".
159:
1308:
The European colonists regarded nudity as an obscenity. The nakedness of Māori was cited, often in the phrase "naked savages", as a sign of their
4931:
1363:, Micronesia, Catholic services for Christmas and Easter include dances performed by women in traditional dress that do not cover their breasts.
778:
was shocked by the casual relationships between men and women even at the court of Sultans, and the public nudity of female slaves and servants.
366:
made interpretations of indigenous nakedness based upon their own culture and experiences, which were ambivalent regarding nudity. In classical
491:, that each race of humans had been a separate creation, which fit with belief in Europeans being a distinct and superior race. Darwin favored
4976:
4954:
1495:
928:
following conversion. Colonists could view natives as either docile or violent, justifying their preference for conversion or extermination.
781:
In the 19th century, dressing Africans in European clothes to cover their nakedness was the first step in converting them to Christianity.
1403:
of Ghana performing a ritual, "Be Me Truo" that includes dancing, singing and drama by nude women to avert disaster and promote fertility.
924:
Many early colonists did not view Native Americans as distinctly different in color from themselves, and thus could be assimilated into
834:
images. Given the state of photography, it is unclear which images were posed, rather than being representative of everyday attire.
3301:
Kawano, Satsuki (2005). "Japanese Bodies and Western Ways of Seeing in the Late Nineteenth Century". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
714:
symbolic of their nurturing children. While recognizing that some behaviors may be obscene, mere nudity has no moral connotations.
679:, expelling the Jews and Muslims. There having been many converts, lineage became the test of inclusion in the kingdom rather than
645:
4412:
Wiener, Margaret (2005). "Breasts. (Un)Dress, and Modernist Desires in Balinese-Tourist Encounter". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
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221:
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rather than men, but was inconsistent with the fact that for centuries women had worn little clothing, but rape had been rare.
496:
105:
1186:
4423:
4400:
4326:
4286:
4212:
Vaughan, Alden T. (1 October 1982). "From White Man to Redskin: Changing Anglo-American Perceptions of the American Indian".
4147:
3841:
3794:
3771:
3593:
3572:
3312:
3289:
3063:
3032:
2939:
2787:
2716:"Nakedness and Clothing in Early Encounters Between Aboriginal People of Central Australia, Missionaries and Anthropologists"
2702:
2681:
2660:
2583:
925:
905:, it was dependent upon hydraulic engineering for agriculture, which also supplied bathing facilities with both steam baths (
4525:
4944:
4595:
1333:
Although Japan was a colonizer of other societies, and not colonized by Europeans, the opening of Japan to visitors in the
278:
144:
125:
1399:
backwardness. However anti-nudity efforts also promoted the equal status of women. Some traditional practices remain, the
1048:
1030:
4856:
811:
216:
129:
4254:
4036:
Stevens, Scott Manning (2003). "New World Contacts and the Trope of the 'Naked Savage". In Elizabeth D. Harvey (ed.).
3727:
Olesen, Jan (2009). ""Mercyfull Warres agaynst These Naked People": The Discourse of Violence in the Early Americas".
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4080:
4047:
2862:
4986:
4894:
4567:
2693:
Boddy, Janice (20 December 2005). "Purity and Conquest in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
560:
273:
4676:
4099:
Tallie, T. J. (2016). "Sartorial Settlement: The Mission Field and Transformation in Colonial Natal, 1850-1897".
1212:
4959:
4214:
3619:
3195:
2539:
304:
211:
201:
3586:
Naked shame: nation, science and Indigenous knowledge in Walter Roth's interventions into frontier sexualities
5084:
4482:"South African Festival: Inside Story Of The Controversial Zulu Half Naked Dance Festival In Southern Africa"
2451:
Adeyanju, James Olubbenga; Bello, Ben Olusoa (2017). "Biblical Virtues, African Culture, and Globalization".
54:
4671:
3163:
382:
viewed the body as shameful, requiring modest dress except in private spaces or when segregated by sex. In
332:. In all human societies, bodily adornments of many kinds are part of nonverbal communications, indicating
206:
4060:
1476:
5132:
4851:
1330:
Although foreign control of former colonies has largely ended, colonialism continues to have an effect.
901:
reached a population of eighty thousand before the arrival of the Spanish in 1520. Built on an island in
513:
35:
4306:
2672:
Berner, Christoph; Schäfer, Manuel; Schott, Martin; Schulz, Sarah; Weingärtner, Martina (27 June 2019).
1260:
of clothes as decoration, not for covering their nakedness, and often removed them for work or bathing.
532:
became widely distributed as curiosities, spreading the idea that colonized peoples were naked savages.
512:
idealized nudity in art and the nakedness of Indigenous people, which was uncivilized and indicative of
5067:
5052:
3855:""Bo Me Truo": A Female-Centred Sun Fire Nudity Dance Ritual of Fertility of the Sehwi People of Ghana"
2800:
1152:
676:
70:
4866:
2489:
Arnold, David (1 March 2000). ""Illusory Riches": Representations of the Tropical World, 1840-1950".
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1086:
1417:
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4693:
3935:"Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago"
3827:
3813:
3375:
2474:
Akas, Chielotam (6 September 2020). "Nudity versus Morality in "Women of Hope" Dance Performance".
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329:
49:
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4142:. The Samoan Case (1722–1848) Western Misunderstandings about Sexuality and Divinity. ANU Press.
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Undesirable Practices: Women, Children, and the Politics of the Body in Northern Ghana, 1930-1972
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and his political party began a program that sought to eliminate undesirable practices including
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4781:
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802:
383:
4161:"Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa"
3831:
5094:
4916:
3418:
3111:
2975:"Revisiting Repertoire Transition: Women's Nakedness as Potent Protests in Nigeria and Kenya"
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165:
155:
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8:
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Sarpong, Awo Abena Amoa; Sarpong, Henrietta Emma; Botchway, De-Valera N. Y. M. (2014).
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Climate, Clothing, and Agriculture in Prehistory: Linking Evidence, Causes, and Effects
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135:
89:
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Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand: History, Pedagogy, and Liberation
3491:
3084:"The World in Dress: Anthropological Perspectives on Clothing, Fashion, and Culture"
2764:
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4444:
4314:
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3999:
3954:
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3736:
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3524:
3455:
3337:
3220:
3095:
3020:
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2891:
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2820:
2727:
2604:
2506:
759:
583:
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through improper clothing was a danger to sobriety, chastity, and social order. In
406:
325:
252:
175:
1200:
men and women covered their upper bodies in some situations, such as in a temple.
402:, the nude in art became idealized, but distinct from nakedness in everyday life.
344:. In climates which do not require clothing, Indigenous adornments are more often
5219:
5214:
5179:
4876:
4826:
4612:
4553:
4413:
4276:
4037:
3784:
3639:
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3282:
Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact
3185:
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599:
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The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
2652:
Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times
1383:
1091:
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727:
723:
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beliefs. With the rediscovery of Greek culture by the Western world during the
121:
75:
4318:
4072:
3459:
3398:
3055:
An Intimate Rebuke: Female Genital Power in Ritual and Politics in West Africa
1247:
part of traditions of wrapping the body. Into the 20th century, the people of
5203:
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5137:
5074:
4999:
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4776:
4716:
4711:
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3414:
3349:
3232:
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3145:
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2771:(2nd ed.). Wellington: Māori Purposes Fund Board. pp. 176, 364–365.
2739:
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387:
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290:
80:
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954:
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4911:
4841:
4808:
4202:
3968:
3908:
3483:
1502:
1482:
1459:
1439:
1400:
1378:, human trafficking, prostitution, and nudity. Nudity was practiced by the
918:
910:
902:
898:
818:
697:
672:
655:
247:
4415:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
4112:
3740:
3304:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
3024:
2731:
2695:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
2575:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
1217:
495:, that humans had a single common ancestor. Monogenism in the form of the
5057:
4906:
4661:
4307:"Virtuous Waters: Mineral Springs, Bathing, and Infrastructure in Mexico"
3877:"'A Sufficiency of Clothing': Dress and Domesticity in Victorian Britain"
3611:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
1395:
1353:, it is now European visitors that are often seen as improperly dressed.
1285:
1280:
1100:
1074:
839:
831:
775:
603:
479:
426:
399:
391:
237:
25:
3544:
3475:
2639:
5142:
5047:
4901:
4884:
4846:
4758:
4731:
4688:
4666:
4526:"Women in Yap dance at Easter for the 'Light that lights up the world'"
4464:
4436:
4243:
4019:
3987:
3528:
3512:
3443:
3357:
3325:
2911:
2879:
1423:
1118:
1058:
1054:
1018:
492:
488:
443:
374:, nudity was normal in many situations, which were depicted in art. In
345:
2715:
950:
4798:
4748:
4726:
3382:(Spring 2023 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
3265:(Spring 2022 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1486:
1360:
1334:
1301:
1144:
873:
395:
363:
4448:
4227:
4003:
3709:
3513:"Naked Truths: Bodies, Knowledge, and the Erotics of Colonial Power"
3341:
2953:"How Darwin's 'Descent of Man' Holds Up 150 Years After Publication"
2895:
1575:
4818:
4753:
4736:
2224:
2015:
1527:
1463:
1443:
1312:, which in turn was seen as casting into doubt the validity of the
1276:
1248:
1104:
969:
906:
856:
414:
4278:
The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Last Uncontacted Tribes
2380:
2344:
1779:
4721:
4656:
4617:
3818:
Two worlds: first meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642–1772
3209:"Comparative Anthropology and Evans-Pritchard's Nuer Photography"
1391:
1350:
1346:
1229:
1022:
1014:
914:
843:
554:
422:
357:
349:
2356:
805:” - from: National Geographic Magazine, Vol XLII, November 1922.
4576:
3988:"The Dynamics of Change in Pre-Colonial East African Societies"
3710:"'Topless' Tradition for Tourists: Young Zulu Girls in Tourism"
3608:(2005). "An Introduction". In Masquelier, Adeline Marie (ed.).
1342:
1309:
1290:
1096:
958:
894:
735:
523:
were using nude photographs of natives supplied by the British
410:
337:
85:
21:
4393:
Aboriginal Peoples, Colonialism and International Law: Raw Law
2782:. Expanding frontiers. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
2200:
1979:
1166:
in 1819 wore only the jackets they were given, but not pants.
4644:
4159:
Toups, M. A.; Kitchen, A.; Light, J. E.; Reed, D. L. (2010).
1467:
1367:
2934:(Third ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
3444:"States of Undress: Nakedness and the Colonial Imagination"
2368:
2272:
1832:
1830:
731:
418:
2626:
Beaglehole, Pearl (1939). "Brief Pukapukan Case History".
2392:
2075:
1815:
1683:
1563:
4545:
4311:
Bathing and Domination in the Early Modern Atlantic World
3326:"Lost Tribes: Indigenous People and the Social Imaginary"
2671:
2578:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 34–60.
2320:
2308:
2188:
2027:
1931:
1671:
1581:
4380:
Watson, Irene (2014). "Naked: The coming of the cloth".
3614:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1–33.
1943:
1827:
1803:
1623:
1599:
1305:
performances became standard costume only in the 1950s.
598:
Portrait of Poedooa, daughter of Orea, King of Ulaitea,
360:, but they serve the same social functions as clothing.
3783:
Salazar, Noel B.; Graburn, Nelson H. H. (1 June 2014).
3280:
Jolly, Margaret; Macintyre, Martha (24 November 1989).
2973:
Fallon, Kathleen M.; Moreau, Julie (1 September 2016).
2176:
2152:
1791:
1767:
519:
In the late 19th century, British scientists including
4524:
4042:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 124–140.
3852:
3588:. Australia, Australia/Oceania: Left Coast Press Inc.
2386:
2350:
2212:
2123:
1755:
1743:
1659:
1551:
867:
Although credited with the discovery of the Americas,
4382:
Aboriginal Peoples, Colonialism and International Law
4158:
4061:"Intercultural Encounters: The Kalahari and The Zulu"
2087:
1967:
1955:
1907:
1635:
390:
became associated not only with low status, but with
4255:"Debunking the colonial myth of the "naked Bushman""
2927:
2595:
Batten, Alicia J. (2010). "Clothing and Adornment".
2142:
2140:
2138:
2021:
1695:
1611:
1522:
An annual event that draws thousands of tourists is
1370:
from English rule in 1957, the first Prime Minister
722:
In traditional societies of East Africa such as the
2931:
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America
2476:
Research Review of the Institute of African Studies
2332:
2296:
2284:
2236:
2051:
1895:
1539:
838:, a missionary and ethnographer who lived with the
701:failing to serve the purposes of colonial control.
4313:. University of California Press. pp. 15–33.
3648:
2850:
2416:
2164:
2111:
2099:
2063:
2003:
1985:
1919:
1883:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1731:
1707:
2428:
2135:
2039:
1991:
1647:
5201:
4039:Sensible Flesh: On Touch in Early Modern Culture
3649:Messenger, John C.; Messenger, Betty T. (1981).
2404:
2260:
2248:
1842:
1719:
1587:
1442:woman participating in the Umhlanga ceremony in
1221:Women of Mioko Island, Papua New Guinea, c. 1900
774:In travels in Mali in the 1350s, Muslim scholar
3786:Tourism Imaginaries: Anthropological Approaches
3757:
2278:
1854:
974:Some Indigenous peoples of the Amazon remained
3782:
3564:The Cultural Construction of the British World
3279:
2697:. Indiana University Press. pp. 168–189.
2398:
2230:
4561:
3651:"Sexuality in Folklore in a Nigerian Society"
3131:
2928:D'Emilio, John; Freedman, Estelle B. (2012).
2450:
2326:
2033:
1408:Contemporary use of traditional African dress
850:In ethnographic research with members of the
666:
320:is about the role of the unclothed bodies of
298:
4504:"What to wear in Kampala - Entebbe - Uganda"
2972:
506:
4437:"Abreast of Columbus: Gender and Discovery"
4137:
3933:Schlebusch; et al. (3 November 2017).
3378:. In Edward N. Zalta; Uri Nodelman (eds.).
3256:
2720:Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
2206:
1773:
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4568:
4554:
3932:
3836:. Auckland University Press. p. 526.
3604:
2625:
2218:
1836:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1665:
1629:
1190:Group portrait of a Balinese family (1929)
499:is the dominant theory among contemporary
432:
305:
291:
4192:
3958:
3833:Tears of Rangi: Experiments Across Worlds
3666:
3399:"The Foamy Politics of Surfing in Hawaii"
3373:
3307:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3183:
1617:
1557:
4059:Stauss, Alexandra von (1 January 2012).
3014:
2979:Mobilization: An International Quarterly
2777:
2374:
2362:
2129:
1224:
1216:
1185:
1143:
1128:
1090:
944:
20:
4502:
4274:
4252:
4211:
4035:
3985:
3826:
3812:
3758:Ritchie, Jenny; Skerrett, Mere (2014).
3688:"The Politics of African "Moral" Dress"
3583:
3396:
3380:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3263:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3100:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143805
2674:Clothing and Nudity in the Hebrew Bible
2648:
2571:
2491:Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography
2338:
2302:
2290:
2242:
2093:
2081:
2057:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1901:
1821:
1761:
1689:
1641:
1251:continued to be naked until adulthood.
639:by Thomas John Grant, New Zealand, 1857
618:Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto
28:women adorned to show their high status
5202:
4434:
4411:
4390:
4379:
4355:"Naked Peoples: Rules and Regulations"
4352:
4253:Viestad, Vibeke Maria (4 March 2019).
4098:
4058:
3726:
3685:
3560:
3507:
3438:
3374:Kohn, Margaret; Reddy, Kavita (2023).
3323:
3300:
3206:
3081:
3051:
2880:"Nudity in India in Custom and Ritual"
2877:
2594:
2550:
2527:
2488:
2422:
2314:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2117:
2105:
2069:
2009:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1889:
1877:
1749:
1737:
1713:
1701:
1677:
1605:
1569:
1545:
497:recent African origin of modern humans
468:
4549:
4304:
3874:
3820:. Auckland: Viking. pp. 275–276.
3707:
3257:James, Michael; Burgos, Adam (2022).
2848:
2798:
2713:
2692:
2655:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2628:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
2453:Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences
2434:
2146:
2045:
1997:
1653:
1593:
4596:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
4480:
3630:
2950:
2763:
2473:
2410:
2387:Sarpong, Sarpong & Botchway 2014
2266:
2254:
1848:
1725:
3729:Canadian Review of American Studies
3164:"New Law Bans Miniskirts in Uganda"
3162:Heuler, Hilary (19 February 2014).
3161:
1865:
1319:
13:
4275:Wallace, Scott (18 October 2011).
3692:Gīkūyū Centre for Cultural Studies
3015:Gilligan, Ian (13 December 2018).
2825:10.1038/scientificamerican1292-100
1345:that is enforced in the cities of
747:
537:Depictions of natives by Europeans
14:
5231:
4391:Watson, Irene (29 October 2014).
3058:. Durham: Duke University Press.
1080:
786:Indigenous peoples of West Africa
5183:
5174:
5173:
2765:Buck, Sir Peter (Te Rangi Hīroa)
1494:
1475:
1451:
1431:
1416:
1047:
1029:
1021:catching abalone (1788–1790) by
1006:
935:
879:
810:
794:
644:
629:
610:
591:
568:
545:
460:Non-western cultures during the
4165:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3992:African Economic History Review
3584:McGrath, Ann (1 January 2015).
3567:. Manchester University Press.
3082:Hansen, Karen Tranberg (2004).
2853:The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form
2557:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott
1513:
1213:Indigenous people of New Guinea
1140:, Central Australia, 9 May 1901
862:
324:in the history of contact with
16:Indigenous adornment and racism
4215:The American Historical Review
3655:Central Issues in Anthropology
3284:. Cambridge University Press.
3019:. Cambridge University Press.
2951:Falk, Dan (24 February 2021).
2857:. Princeton University Press.
2443:
1986:Messenger & Messenger 1981
1266:
769:
758:The South African province of
717:
695:prevailed, the concept of the
202:Race and ethnicity in censuses
1:
5085:Nudity in American television
4305:Walsh, Casey (9 March 2018).
4065:Cultural Tourism and Identity
3132:Herrera Sobek, María (2010).
3088:Annual Review of Anthropology
2801:"What Columbus "Saw" in 1492"
1533:
1236:
446:of non-western others is the
55:Biblical terminology for race
4418:. Indiana University Press.
3261:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3207:Hutnyk, John (1 July 1990).
2022:D'Emilio & Freedman 2012
1241:
1206:
1181:
1124:
7:
5133:Imagery of nude celebrities
4857:Social nudity organizations
4140:First Contacts in Polynesia
4138:Tcherkézoff, Serge (2008).
3686:Mũkũyũ (21 November 2014).
2991:10.17813/1086-671X-20-3-323
2351:Catholics and Cultures 2019
2279:Ritchie & Skerrett 2014
10:
5236:
5068:Nudity in live performance
4575:
4486:Africa News | NationalTurk
4435:Zamora, Margarita (1990).
3986:Sheriff, Abdul H. (1974).
3893:10.1179/004049602793710099
3708:Naidu, Maheshvari (2009).
3636:Traditional Maori Clothing
3517:Journal of British Studies
3225:10.1177/0308275X9001000105
3190:. New York: Viking Press.
2799:Cohen, I. Bernard (1992).
2778:Cammaert, Jessica (2016).
2649:Bentley, Jerry H. (1993).
2597:Biblical Theology Bulletin
2551:Basden, George T. (1921).
2531:Nudity: A Cultural Anatomy
2399:Salazar & Graburn 2014
2231:Jolly & Macintyre 1989
1323:
1210:
1111:
1084:
985:
963:
751:
677:Christian kingdom in Spain
667:Colonialism and skin color
557:warriors in North Carolina
5171:
5125:
5038:
4985:
4930:
4875:
4867:Timeline of social nudity
4817:
4767:
4702:
4601:Nakedness and colonialism
4583:
4508:Kabiza Wilderness Safaris
4319:10.1525/9780520965393-004
4073:10.1163/9789004234581_007
3606:Masquelier, Adeline Marie
3460:10.2979/VIC.2008.50.2.189
3330:Anthropological Quarterly
3052:Grillo, Laura S. (2019).
2676:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2554:Among the Ibos of Nigeria
2327:Adeyanju & Bello 2017
1376:female genital mutilation
1366:With the independence of
1254:
1151:at Cape Dombey, north of
1087:History of Southeast Asia
940:
708:
507:Changing concepts of race
318:Nakedness and colonialism
243:Nakedness and colonialism
4922:Clothing-optional events
4694:Clothing laws by country
4530:Catholics & Cultures
4101:Journal of World History
3213:Critique of Anthropology
3184:Hollander, Anne (1978).
2609:10.1177/0146107910375547
1068:
673:biblical interpretations
454:The Voyage of the Beagle
348:, modifications such as
4987:Social nudity advocates
4769:Issues in social nudity
4635:Breastfeeding in public
3960:10.1126/science.aao6266
3668:10.1525/cia.1981.3.1.29
3397:Lecuyer, Marie (2021).
3324:Kirsch, Stuart (1997).
2849:Clark, Kenneth (1956).
2769:The Coming of the Maori
2511:10.1111/1467-9493.00060
1774:James & Burgos 2022
1194:
1117:clothing was made from
1075:British colonial period
992:Islam in Southeast Asia
981:
433:Colonialism and undress
5090:Nudity in music videos
5063:Nude photography (art)
4782:Sexual objectification
4584:Nakedness and clothing
4353:Watson, Irene (1998).
3642:. pp. 85–87, 143.
3640:A. H. & A. W. Reed
3187:Seeing Through Clothes
1501:Beauty Scarification,
1295:
1233:
1222:
1191:
1164:Aboriginal Australians
1160:
1141:
1108:
961:
576:Two of the Natives of
384:post-classical history
29:
5100:Nudity in advertising
5095:Nudity in print media
4895:Nude swimming classes
4395:. London: Routledge.
4177:10.1093/molbev/msq234
4113:10.1353/jwh.2016.0114
3875:Sayer, Karen (2002).
3741:10.3138/cras.39.3.253
3025:10.1017/9781108555883
2732:10.1353/cch.2007.0015
2714:Brock, Peggy (2007).
2528:Barcan, Ruth (2004).
1618:Kohn & Reddy 2023
1228:
1220:
1189:
1147:
1132:
1094:
1085:Further information:
964:Further information:
948:
580:, Advancing to Combat
328:and the emergence of
258:Social stratification
24:
5163:Softcore pornography
5040:Depictions of nudity
4804:Wardrobe malfunction
4704:Nudity and sexuality
2957:Smithsonian Magazine
1326:Cultural imperialism
869:Christopher Columbus
622:William Henry Powell
501:paleoanthropologists
5110:Glamour photography
5058:Nude modeling (art)
5015:Henry S. Huntington
3951:2017Sci...358..652S
2878:Crooke, W. (1919).
2817:1992SciAm.267f.100C
2805:Scientific American
2534:. Berg Publishers.
2503:2000SJTG...21....6A
2377:, pp. 165–166.
2317:, pp. 153–163.
2209:, pp. 159–186.
2197:, pp. 381–382.
2084:, pp. 132–133.
1940:, pp. 198–216.
1824:, pp. 130–132.
1692:, pp. 127–129.
1680:, pp. 151–152.
1608:, pp. 150–151.
1526:or "Reed Dance" in
1041:Digambara Jain monk
887:Alejandro Malaspina
681:profession of faith
521:Thomas Henry Huxley
469:Western ambivalence
462:early modern period
380:Abrahamic religions
376:classical antiquity
50:Historical concepts
5158:Nude psychotherapy
5115:Erotic photography
5030:Richard Ungewitter
5025:Elton Raymond Shaw
4862:Anarchist naturism
4852:Naturist magazines
4832:Christian naturism
4684:Nudity and protest
4623:Nudity in religion
3789:. Berghahn Books.
3764:Palgrave Macmillan
3529:10.1017/jbr.2012.6
2034:Herrera Sobek 2010
1582:Berner et al. 2019
1519:post-colonialism.
1462:woman in southern
1314:Treaty of Waitangi
1310:racial inferiority
1234:
1223:
1192:
1161:
1157:Northern Territory
1142:
1109:
1037:Acharya Vidyasagar
1017:print of Japanese
962:
322:Indigenous peoples
30:
5197:
5196:
4794:Indecent exposure
4742:Feminist stripper
4441:Cultural Critique
4425:978-0-253-21783-7
4402:978-1-315-85899-9
4328:978-0-520-96539-3
4288:978-0-307-46298-5
4149:978-1-921536-01-4
3945:(6363): 652–655.
3843:978-1-77558-923-5
3796:978-1-78238-368-0
3773:978-1-349-48394-5
3595:978-1-59874-228-2
3574:978-1-78499-691-8
3448:Victorian Studies
3314:978-0-253-21783-7
3291:978-0-521-34667-2
3065:978-1-4780-0263-5
3034:978-1-108-47008-7
2941:978-0-226-92380-2
2789:978-0-8032-8694-8
2704:978-0-253-11153-1
2683:978-0-567-67848-5
2662:978-0-19-507639-4
2585:978-0-253-21783-7
2185:, pp. 22–24.
2161:, pp. 63–64.
1952:, pp. 40–42.
1524:Umkhosi woMhlanga
1505:, Ethiopia - 2016
1149:Aboriginal people
1136:welcoming dance,
1057:women working in
1039:, a contemporary
949:Two women of the
741:Karamajong people
652:Bathers in Tahiti
315:
314:
106:Sociology of race
90:scientific racism
71:Color terminology
5227:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5148:Nudity in combat
5105:Nude photography
4837:Freikörperkultur
4608:Childhood nudity
4570:
4563:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4488:. 26 August 2013
4475:
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4359:Law Text Culture
4347:
4345:
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4299:
4297:
4295:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4259:The Conversation
4247:
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3700:
3698:
3680:
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3643:
3625:
3599:
3578:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3509:Levine, Philippa
3502:
3500:
3498:
3440:Levine, Philippa
3433:
3431:
3429:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3368:
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3005:
2967:
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2920:
2918:
2872:
2869:Internet Archive
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2222:
2216:
2210:
2207:Tcherkézoff 2008
2204:
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1840:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1752:, pp. 8–11.
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1498:
1479:
1455:
1435:
1420:
1320:Post-colonialism
1298:
1279:shut over their
1051:
1033:
1010:
926:colonial society
909:) and tubs. The
814:
798:
648:
633:
614:
595:
584:Sydney Parkinson
572:
549:
529:theories of race
527:as evidence for
407:tropical regions
330:concepts of race
326:Western cultures
307:
300:
293:
253:Human skin color
32:
31:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5167:
5121:
5034:
4981:
4926:
4877:Nude recreation
4871:
4827:Naturist resort
4813:
4763:
4698:
4613:Sex segregation
4579:
4574:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4532:. 19 April 2019
4513:
4511:
4491:
4489:
4469:
4467:
4449:10.2307/1354142
4443:(17): 127–149.
4426:
4403:
4368:
4366:
4341:
4339:
4329:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4263:
4261:
4228:10.2307/1857900
4150:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4050:
4024:
4022:
4004:10.2307/3601096
3921:
3919:
3881:Textile History
3857:
3844:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3774:
3696:
3694:
3622:
3596:
3575:
3549:
3547:
3496:
3494:
3427:
3425:
3385:
3383:
3362:
3360:
3342:10.2307/3317506
3315:
3292:
3268:
3266:
3245:
3243:
3198:
3172:
3170:
3150:
3148:
3120:
3118:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3035:
3003:
3001:
2961:
2959:
2942:
2916:
2914:
2896:10.2307/2843441
2865:
2837:
2835:
2790:
2752:
2750:
2705:
2684:
2663:
2586:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2365:, Introduction.
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2219:Beaglehole 1939
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2024:, pp. 6–9.
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1837:Masquelier 2005
1835:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1810:Masquelier 2005
1808:
1804:
1798:Masquelier 2005
1796:
1792:
1788:, Introduction.
1786:Masquelier 2005
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1666:Masquelier 2005
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:, pp. 1–2.
1630:Masquelier 2005
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1471:
1456:
1447:
1436:
1427:
1426:of South Africa
1421:
1410:
1409:
1328:
1322:
1269:
1257:
1244:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1184:
1134:Arrernte people
1127:
1114:
1089:
1083:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1011:
1000:
999:
994:
984:
972:
966:Colonial Brazil
943:
938:
882:
865:
827:
826:
825:
822:
815:
806:
799:
788:
787:
772:
756:
754:Southern Africa
750:
748:Southern Africa
720:
711:
669:
664:
663:
662:
659:
649:
640:
634:
625:
615:
606:
600:Society Islands
596:
587:
573:
564:
550:
539:
538:
525:Colonial Office
509:
471:
435:
311:
263:White supremacy
101:Racial politics
96:Racial equality
17:
12:
11:
5:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5195:
5194:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5080:Nudity in film
5077:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5020:Heinrich Pudor
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4640:Public bathing
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4543:
4542:
4521:
4520:
4499:
4498:
4477:
4476:
4431:
4430:
4424:
4408:
4407:
4401:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4375:
4349:
4348:
4327:
4301:
4300:
4287:
4271:
4270:
4249:
4248:
4208:
4207:
4155:
4154:
4148:
4134:
4133:
4107:(3): 389–410.
4095:
4094:
4081:
4055:
4054:
4048:
4032:
4031:
3982:
3981:
3929:
3928:
3887:(1): 112–122.
3871:
3870:
3862:Chronica Mundi
3849:
3848:
3842:
3823:
3822:
3809:
3808:
3795:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3754:
3753:
3735:(3): 253–272.
3723:
3722:
3704:
3703:
3682:
3681:
3645:
3644:
3638:. Wellington:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3557:
3556:
3504:
3503:
3454:(2): 189–219.
3435:
3434:
3409:(1): 305–311.
3393:
3392:
3370:
3369:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3276:
3275:
3253:
3252:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3180:
3179:
3158:
3157:
3128:
3127:
3094:(1): 369–392.
3078:
3077:
3064:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3011:
3010:
2985:(3): 323–340.
2969:
2968:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2924:
2923:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2845:
2844:
2811:(6): 100–106.
2795:
2794:
2788:
2774:
2773:
2760:
2759:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2645:
2644:
2634:(3): 135–143.
2622:
2621:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2568:
2567:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2524:
2523:
2485:
2484:
2470:
2469:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1916:, p. 375.
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1853:
1841:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1764:, p. 129.
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1644:, p. 126.
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1558:Hollander 1978
1550:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1321:
1318:
1299:) now worn in
1268:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1126:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1082:
1081:Southeast Asia
1079:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:Nudity in Asia
997:
996:
995:
983:
980:
942:
939:
937:
934:
930:Roger Williams
881:
878:
864:
861:
859:is practiced.
824:
823:
816:
809:
807:
800:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
783:
771:
768:
749:
746:
730:in Kenya, the
719:
716:
710:
707:
668:
665:
661:
660:
650:
643:
641:
635:
628:
626:
616:
609:
607:
602:(c1782-85) by
597:
590:
588:
574:
567:
565:
551:
544:
541:
540:
536:
535:
534:
508:
505:
470:
467:
434:
431:
372:Roman cultures
313:
312:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
276:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
232:
231:
230:Related topics
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
196:
195:
191:
190:
189:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
153:
148:
138:
133:
126:United Kingdom
116:
115:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
83:
78:
76:Race relations
73:
65:
64:
60:
59:
58:
57:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5232:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Nudity clause
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Nude calendar
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Body painting
5073:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Lee Baxandall
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4977:South America
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:San Francisco
4958:
4957:
4956:
4955:North America
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4890:Nude swimming
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4787:Pornification
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4777:Sexualization
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:Exhibitionism
4715:
4713:
4712:Intimate part
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4677:United States
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4650:Finnish sauna
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4510:. 29 May 2022
4509:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4082:9789004234185
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4049:9780812293630
4045:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3828:Salmond, Anne
3825:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3814:Salmond, Anne
3811:
3810:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3381:
3377:
3376:"Colonialism"
3372:
3371:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:(1): 81–102.
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2864:0-691-01788-3
2860:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:(3): 148–59.
2602:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2375:Cammaert 2016
2371:
2364:
2363:Cammaert 2016
2359:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2132:, p. 16.
2131:
2130:Gilligan 2018
2126:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2096:, p. 65.
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:, p. 48.
1975:
1970:
1964:, p. 35.
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1839:, p. 61.
1838:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1812:, p. 14.
1811:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1704:, p. 66.
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1560:, p. 83.
1559:
1554:
1548:, p. 96.
1547:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Kwame Nkrumah
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1138:Alice Springs
1135:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1106:
1103:) women from
1102:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1003:
993:
989:
988:Islam in Asia
979:
977:
971:
967:
960:
956:
952:
947:
936:South America
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
911:conquistadors
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
888:
880:North America
877:
875:
870:
860:
858:
853:
852:Anaang people
848:
845:
841:
837:
836:George Basden
833:
820:
813:
808:
804:
797:
792:
791:
782:
779:
777:
767:
765:
764:KwaZulu-Natal
761:
755:
745:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
715:
706:
702:
700:
699:
694:
688:
684:
682:
678:
674:
657:
653:
647:
642:
638:
632:
627:
623:
619:
613:
608:
605:
601:
594:
589:
585:
581:
579:
571:
566:
562:
558:
556:
548:
543:
542:
533:
530:
526:
522:
517:
516:inferiority.
515:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
484:
482:
481:
475:
466:
463:
458:
456:
455:
449:
445:
439:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:public nudity
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
354:scarification
351:
347:
343:
342:individuality
339:
335:
334:social status
331:
327:
323:
319:
308:
303:
301:
296:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
229:
228:
223:
222:United States
220:
218:
217:Latin America
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
152:
149:
146:
145:United States
142:
139:
137:
134:
131:
130:United States
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
82:
81:Racialization
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
67:
66:
62:
61:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
34:
33:
27:
23:
19:
5188:
5178:
5010:Ilsley Boone
5005:Paul Bindrim
4995:Kurt Barthel
4917:Nude beaches
4912:Nude wedding
4842:Gay naturism
4809:Strip search
4600:
4534:. Retrieved
4529:
4512:. Retrieved
4507:
4490:. Retrieved
4485:
4468:. Retrieved
4440:
4414:
4392:
4384:. Routledge.
4381:
4367:. Retrieved
4362:
4358:
4340:. Retrieved
4310:
4292:. Retrieved
4277:
4262:. Retrieved
4258:
4219:
4213:
4171:(1): 29–32.
4168:
4164:
4139:
4104:
4100:
4086:. Retrieved
4064:
4038:
4023:. Retrieved
3995:
3991:
3942:
3938:
3920:. Retrieved
3884:
3880:
3868:(1): 93–128.
3865:
3861:
3832:
3817:
3800:. Retrieved
3785:
3759:
3732:
3728:
3720:(79): 38–48.
3717:
3713:
3695:. Retrieved
3691:
3661:(1): 29–50.
3658:
3654:
3635:
3610:
3585:
3563:
3548:. Retrieved
3520:
3516:
3495:. Retrieved
3451:
3447:
3426:. Retrieved
3406:
3402:
3384:. Retrieved
3379:
3361:. Retrieved
3336:(2): 58–67.
3333:
3329:
3303:
3281:
3267:. Retrieved
3262:
3244:. Retrieved
3216:
3212:
3186:
3171:. Retrieved
3167:
3149:. Retrieved
3137:
3119:. Retrieved
3091:
3087:
3069:. Retrieved
3054:
3016:
3002:. Retrieved
2982:
2978:
2960:. Retrieved
2956:
2930:
2915:. Retrieved
2887:
2883:
2867:– via
2852:
2836:. Retrieved
2808:
2804:
2779:
2768:
2751:. Retrieved
2723:
2719:
2694:
2673:
2651:
2631:
2627:
2600:
2596:
2574:
2559:. Retrieved
2553:
2530:
2494:
2490:
2479:
2475:
2456:
2452:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2339:Kampala 2022
2334:
2322:
2310:
2303:Salmond 2017
2298:
2291:Salmond 1991
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2243:Lecuyer 2021
2238:
2233:, Chapter I.
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2094:Wallace 2011
2089:
2082:Stevens 2003
2077:
2065:
2058:Vaughan 1982
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1974:Bastian 2005
1969:
1962:Bastian 2005
1957:
1950:Bastian 2005
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1902:Bentley 1993
1897:
1885:
1873:
1844:
1822:Stevens 2003
1817:
1805:
1800:, p. 6.
1793:
1781:
1769:
1762:Stevens 2003
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1690:Stevens 2003
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1642:Stevens 2003
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1572:, Chapter 1.
1565:
1553:
1541:
1521:
1517:
1514:Ethnotourism
1485:herders the
1401:Sefwi people
1365:
1358:
1355:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1307:
1300:
1284:
1272:Māori people
1270:
1262:
1258:
1245:
1202:
1198:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1115:
1072:
973:
923:
903:Lake Texcoco
899:Tenochtitlán
892:
883:
866:
863:The Americas
849:
832:ethnographic
828:
819:Sierra Leone
780:
773:
757:
721:
712:
703:
698:noble savage
696:
693:naked savage
692:
689:
685:
670:
656:Paul Gauguin
651:
636:
617:
575:
553:Ceremony of
552:
518:
510:
485:
478:
476:
472:
459:
452:
448:naked savage
447:
440:
436:
404:
362:
317:
316:
248:Ethnic group
242:
166:Neuroscience
156:Intelligence
151:Horror films
18:
5210:Colonialism
4932:By location
4907:Naked party
4662:Toplessness
4536:13 February
4470:31 December
3998:(2): 7–14.
3632:Mead, S. M.
3523:(1): 5–25.
3138:Camino Real
2890:: 237–251.
2497:(1): 6–18.
2444:Works cited
2423:Stauss 2012
2315:Kawano 2005
2195:Hansen 2004
2183:Levine 2017
2171:Wiener 2005
2159:Wiener 2005
2118:Hansen 2004
2106:Crooke 1919
2070:Olesen 2009
2010:Zamora 1990
1938:Levine 2008
1926:Hutnyk 1990
1914:Hansen 2004
1890:Tallie 2016
1878:Mũkũyũ 2014
1750:Levine 2017
1738:Levine 2008
1714:Arnold 2000
1702:Wiener 2005
1678:Barcan 2004
1606:Barcan 2004
1570:Barcan 2004
1546:Basden 1921
1286:whakapohane
1281:glans penis
1267:New Zealand
1232:girl (1908)
976:uncontacted
840:Igbo people
817:Musicians,
803:Bassa women
776:Ibn Battuta
770:West Africa
718:East Africa
604:John Webber
578:New Holland
480:fall of man
444:stereotypes
427:urban areas
400:Renaissance
394:based upon
392:moral decay
378:, only the
238:Colonialism
194:By location
186:Video games
114:Race and...
5204:Categories
5143:Naked News
5048:Nude (art)
4902:Naked yoga
4885:Nude beach
4847:Gymnosophy
4759:Candaulism
4732:Striptease
4689:Dress code
4667:Topfreedom
4222:(4): 918.
3621:0253111536
3423:2537722437
3197:0140110844
2541:1859738729
2482:: 134–140.
2435:Naidu 2009
2147:Brock 2007
2046:Walsh 2018
1998:Cohen 1992
1654:Sayer 2002
1594:Clark 1956
1534:References
1503:Suri Tribe
1424:San people
1390:, Builsa,
1324:See also:
1237:Micronesia
1211:See also:
1153:Port Keats
1119:bark cloth
1059:Bangladesh
1019:ama divers
986:See also:
955:Pará State
907:temazcales
752:See also:
561:John White
493:monogenism
489:polygenism
346:body paint
4799:Obscenity
4749:Voyeurism
4727:Streaking
4457:0882-4371
4337:243754145
4281:. Crown.
4236:0002-8762
4185:0737-4038
4129:151700116
4121:1045-6007
4067:: 85–98.
4012:0360-6333
3977:206663925
3901:1743-2952
3749:0007-7720
3677:1937-6227
3537:0021-9371
3468:0042-5222
3415:2052-1499
3350:0003-5491
3241:145594464
3233:0308-275X
3146:1889-5611
3116:199841144
3108:0084-6570
3043:238146999
2999:1086-671X
2917:15 August
2904:0307-3114
2833:0036-8733
2748:162752259
2740:1532-5768
2617:171056202
2519:0129-7619
2465:2229-5313
2459:(4): 18.
2411:Zulu 2013
2267:Mead 1969
2255:Buck 1950
1849:Akas 2020
1726:Falk 2021
1487:Kaokoveld
1361:Yap State
1335:Meiji era
1302:kapa haka
1242:Polynesia
1207:Melanesia
1182:Indonesia
1125:Australia
1013:Triptych
953:tribe of
874:Guanahani
637:War Dance
396:Christian
364:Europeans
171:Sexuality
5180:Category
5126:See also
4819:Naturism
4754:Anasyrma
4737:Stripper
4492:28 March
4369:23 March
4342:28 March
4294:18 April
4264:28 March
4203:20823373
4088:20 April
3969:28971970
3917:45214026
3909:20707020
3830:(2017).
3816:(1991).
3802:18 April
3697:28 March
3634:(1969).
3550:12 March
3545:41999179
3511:(2013).
3492:43750425
3484:19069002
3476:40060320
3442:(2008).
3428:24 March
3419:ProQuest
3403:Ephemera
3386:29 March
3363:23 March
3269:30 March
3151:23 March
3112:ProQuest
3071:24 March
3004:24 March
2838:21 March
2767:(1950).
2753:12 March
2640:20702767
1866:VOA 2014
1528:Eswatini
1470:) – 2006
1464:Ethiopia
1444:Eswatini
1277:foreskin
1249:Pukapuka
1105:Malaysia
970:Yanomami
857:polygyny
415:Americas
279:Category
212:Colombia
136:Genetics
5053:History
4972:Oceania
4965:Seattle
4722:Mooning
4657:Massage
4618:Modesty
4591:History
4465:1354142
4244:1857900
4194:3002236
4025:7 April
4020:3601096
3947:Bibcode
3939:Science
3358:3317506
2962:9 April
2912:2843441
2813:Bibcode
2499:Bibcode
1392:Kassena
1388:Kokomba
1384:Dagarti
1351:Entebbe
1347:Kampala
1291:bodices
1112:Oceania
1073:In the
1023:Utamaro
1015:Ukiyo-e
915:Yucatan
844:Nigeria
728:Turkana
724:Samburu
555:Secotan
423:Oceania
405:In the
358:jewelry
350:tattoos
176:Society
160:history
63:Society
42:History
5220:Nudity
5215:Racism
5190:Portal
4950:Europe
4940:Africa
4672:Canada
4577:Nudity
4514:17 May
4463:
4455:
4422:
4399:
4365:: 1–17
4335:
4325:
4285:
4242:
4234:
4201:
4191:
4183:
4146:
4127:
4119:
4079:
4046:
4018:
4010:
3975:
3967:
3922:30 May
3915:
3907:
3899:
3840:
3793:
3770:
3747:
3714:Agenda
3675:
3618:
3592:
3571:
3543:
3535:
3497:8 July
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3421:
3413:
3356:
3348:
3311:
3288:
3259:"Race"
3246:8 July
3239:
3231:
3194:
3173:17 May
3144:
3121:8 July
3114:
3106:
3062:
3041:
3031:
2997:
2938:
2910:
2902:
2861:
2831:
2786:
2746:
2738:
2701:
2680:
2659:
2638:
2615:
2582:
2561:5 June
2538:
2517:
2463:
1489:desert
1466:(near
1458:Young
1446:– 2006
1380:Frafra
1343:Uganda
1255:Hawaii
1230:Fijian
1159:(1905)
1107:(1910)
1097:Dayaks
959:Brazil
941:Brazil
821:, 1936
736:Uganda
709:Africa
658:, 1897
624:, 1853
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