175:, and set up a plant in Poland to manufacture chemical weaponry for Iran. He obtained the raw materials necessary to make chemical weapons that he sold to Iran from China and Hungary. He also provided Iran with information and know-how to produce mustard gas. The indictment stated that he had not reported to Israeli intelligence about his contacts until August 1992, despite several meetings with members of the security forces. Despite committing himself to stop his illegal activity, he continued to do so for over a year. Manbar, however, claims that he informed Israeli authorities of his activities, and that his arms sales to Iran were approved by the Israeli Defense Ministry. However, Manbar offered Israel information on military subjects, and also offered to use the high-level links he had with the Iranians to reveal
194:. Abasbur was tailed by two Mossad agents, and on his way there, he noticed he was being followed. When Abasbur arrived, he told Manbar of the agents, and Manbar then confronted them and insinuated that he knew who they were, while Abasbur, realizing that he had been discovered, left for an Iranian Embassy safe house. The two agents followed Abasbur's car on a motorcycle, but due to heavy rain, they found it difficult to keep up with him, and as they emerged from an underpass, their motorcycle overturned. A car ran over the agents and killed them both. Their deaths reportedly increased the anger towards Manbar by the Israeli security services.
150:, establishing contacts in the Iranian Defense Ministry. According to the charges at his trial, Manbar made contact through an Iranian mediator with Majed Abasbur, then the head of the Iranian chemical weapons development project. A deal was signed between Manbar's Mana Investments International company and Iran's section 105B, represented by Abasbur. Manbar initially sold Iran a small number of shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles. Through this deal, he became acquainted with Polish Defense Minister
248:
but his appeal was denied on
December 5, 2000. In 2007 applied a request for parole, having been described as a well-behaved prisoner. However, the Shin Bet and Mossad objected, and in early 2008 his request was denied by the Jerusalem District Court. It was argued that he might be recruited by Iran.
208:
In 1997, Deputy
Attorney-General for Security Affairs Dvorah Chen concluded that she could prosecute Manbar for harming the security of the state and aiding the enemy in war against Israel. Mossad officials managed to persuade a Polish businessman who served as his right-hand man to agree to testify
130:
and opened up a series of businesses. His business ventures mostly ended with police investigations and indictments for crimes such as fraud, passing bad checks, and stealing checks from government employees. In 1984 he fled to the United
Kingdom after being indicted for fraud, imposture, and theft,
261:
had contacted the presiding judge in the case, Amnon
Straschnov, to lobby for a harsh sentence for Manbar. Netanyahu's office denied the allegations. Zichroni further alleged that a female member of his defense team, attorney Pninat Yanai, passed along privileged information about Manbar to
158:
tanks purchased from the Polish military to Iran, explaining that "I would buy, say, T-55 tanks from the Polish army for $ 35,000 apiece, install some fire-control system I had bought from Israel for $ 20,000 apiece, and sell them to the
Iranians for $ 200,000. The profits were fantastic".
229:
Manbar's trial began on 15 May. The trial was held behind closed doors, and much of the testimony was classified. His defense was based on the case that he did not act alone, and that
Israeli businessmen were being allowed to sell weapons to Iran by the security authorities.
273:
pointed out that Manbar was given a small pool of lawyers to choose from and that the trial was conducted behind closed doors. He also said Manbar had contacts in the
Israeli security services and that several deals with Iran had been made in the past.
135:
in London, but soon left
Britain and entered the arms trade. He set up weapons companies in Poland and France. During his career as an arms trader, he lived in France and Switzerland before settling in Poland and setting up his headquarters in
292:
Francine gave the Mossad information on her previous husband's dealings with the Condor
Argentine Missile Program before her marriage. On March 2, 2010, the couple obtained a divorce (Tel Aviv District Family Court DMC 13120-07).
162:
Between 1992 and 1993, Manbar provided Iran with ingredients needed to make chemical weapons, equipment and expertise, and was paid $ 16 million by 1994 after providing elements of mustard gas and three types of nerve gas:
183:'s desperation for any information on his fate. Manbar supplied the Mossad with a faked video and worthless leads. Manbar's activities, some of which were conducted in Britain, drew the attention of
262:
Straschnov—with whom, Zichroni claimed, she was having a sexual affair. Yanai, who had been fired from her duties and was also a friend of
Netanyahu's spokesman, denied those allegations as well.
190:
Mossad began to investigate Manbar's dealings, and as part of the investigation, Mossad agents shadowed Abasbur. On May 27, 1993, Manbar and Abasbur met at the Marriott Hotel in
187:, which could not believe that an Israeli could be working so closely with Iran and concluded that Manbar was a Mossad agent trying to penetrate Iran's defense establishment.
98:
in 1946. His parents were among the founders of the kibbutz. At age 16, he was in the reserve squad of the Israeli national basketball team. He served as an officer in the
421:
233:
On July 16, 1998, he was unanimously convicted of collaboration with an enemy and providing information to an enemy. The court rejected his claims for lack of
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and established that he had known about Abasbur's senior position. He was sentenced to 16 years in prison. He served his sentence at Nitzan Prison in
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against him. On March 27, 1997, Manbar arrived in Israel to watch Hapoel Jerusalem compete for the State Cup. Upon arrival, he was arrested by
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83:. He was convicted in series of crimes against Israel's national security and served 14.5 years in prison, prior his release in October 2011.
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217:, and was cleared for publication several weeks later. In May he was indicted and his case was brought before the
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118:. During the Yom Kippur War, he saved the life of Hanoch Saar, who would later serve on his defense team.
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Others also considered it a link in a chain of shady deals between Israel and Iran that goes back to the
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676:"What Israel's Top-Secret Manbar Trial Reveals About Extensive, Ongoing Israeli Arms Dealing With Iran"
140:. Some of the weapons Manbar sold were purchased from the Polish Army. In 1994 he became a sponsor of
376:
The Secret War with Iran: The Clandestine Struggle Against the World's Most Dangerous Terrorist Power
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The trial was laden with controversy. Manbar's attorney, Amnon Zichroni, alleged that Prime Minister
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In France, Manbar met a French woman, Francine. They married on April 21, 1992, and had a son.
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and was declared by Israel to be a fugitive from justice. He then began selling produce at the
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and the Serious Crimes Unit of the Israel Police. His detention was initially placed under a
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106:(IDF). He also served as an instructor at the IDF Officers' College. Manbar fought in the
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to Iran in defiance of a US embargo and was barred from entering the United States.
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281:, and that he had taken the fall for the Israeli military and security industry.
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In 2003, while still in prison, Manbar was declared bankrupt, and appointed a
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In 1994, he was accused by the US government of selling components for
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79:) is an Israeli businessman who was involved in arms trade with
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592:"'Iran may recruit Israeli treason convict if he is freed'"
241:, and later at HaSharon Prison at the Hadarim Interchange.
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Israel has a long history of supplying Iran with weapons
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The Supreme Court of Israel's verdict on the Manbar Case
702:"Manbar: victim of Israeli-Iranian covert relations"
620:"Israel gripped by swirl surrounding treason trial"
456:"The Israeli kibbutznik who dealt weapons to Iran"
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514:"Israeli convicted of aiding Iran up for parole"
337:"A-G: Manbar will be released early from prison"
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154:. Manbar later sold offensive weaponry such as
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485:"Israeli Linked To Iran Arms Ordered Jailed"
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126:After his military service, Manbar moved to
393:"Israeli Held In Iran Traffic In Nerve Gas"
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422:"Iran's 'nerve gas trader' disappears"
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650:"Sex scandal in Israel treason trial"
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781:People convicted of arms trafficking
674:Ostrovsky, Victor (September 1998).
566:"Enemy of the State's parole denied"
420:La Guardia, Anton (April 15, 1997).
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315:Iran and weapons of mass destruction
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564:Yarkoni, Yoram (January 16, 2008).
538:Luvitch, Vered (October 29, 2007).
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483:Greenberg, Joel (April 18, 1997).
454:Melman, Yossi (October 31, 2011).
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801:Prisoners and detainees of Israel
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648:Kennedy, Duncan (July 16, 1998).
102:after being conscripted into the
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796:Israeli prisoners and detainees
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708:. July 16, 1998. Archived from
590:Ben-Zur, Raanan (May 7, 2007).
391:Greenberg, Joel (May 7, 1997).
16:Israeli businessman (born 1946)
512:Saban, Itzik (April 6, 2007).
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246:Supreme Court of Israel
244:Manbar appealed to the
219:Tel Aviv District Court
786:Israeli businesspeople
732:"חסימת בקשה לא מורשת"
432:on September 23, 2003
310:Iran–Israel relations
142:Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.
104:Israel Defense Forces
177:the fate of Ron Arad
146:Manbar sold arms to
133:Covent Garden market
100:Paratroopers Brigade
712:on February 3, 2008
91:Manbar was born in
52:Mandatory Palestine
343:. October 31, 2011
279:Iran–Contra affair
259:Benjamin Netanyahu
791:Israeli criminals
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742:External links
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771:1948 births
751:(in Hebrew)
706:Arabic News
682:: 55–56, 62
347:October 31,
253:Controversy
199:mustard gas
108:Six-Day War
62:Businessman
765:Categories
321:References
96:Givat Haim
87:Early life
59:Occupation
48:Givat Haim
37:1946-04-18
215:gag order
203:nerve gas
77:נחום מנבר
716:March 8,
686:March 8,
659:March 8,
630:March 8,
601:March 9,
596:Ynetnews
575:March 8,
570:Ynetnews
549:March 9,
544:Ynetnews
523:March 8,
518:Ynetnews
494:March 8,
436:March 9,
402:March 8,
304:See also
211:Shin Bet
128:Tel Aviv
624:CNN.com
460:Haaretz
298:trustee
93:kibbutz
378:(2006)
269:agent
267:Mossad
192:Vienna
181:Mossad
138:Warsaw
122:Career
114:, and
73:Hebrew
341:Jpost
239:Ramla
225:Trial
173:Soman
169:Sarin
165:Tabun
718:2008
688:2008
661:2008
632:2008
603:2008
577:2008
551:2008
525:2008
496:2008
467:2013
438:2008
404:2008
349:2011
201:and
171:and
156:T-55
148:Iran
81:Iran
31:Born
654:BBC
265:Ex-
185:MI6
767::
704:.
678:.
652:.
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