2489:
1730:
3692:
3622:
2971:
372:
up the research and industrial space-related potentiality for the benefit of the national economy and state security as well as to be able to break into the international market of space services. The Second
Program (1998–2002) was aimed at creating an internal market of space services, conquering the international space markets by presenting in-house products and services (including launch complexes and spacecraft, space-acquired data, space system components) and integrating Ukraine into the worldwide space community.
2634:
2168:
3208:
3835:
3823:
3811:
3239:
36:
3041:
3918:
3906:
3858:
3665:
3390:
3378:
2757:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2192:
2180:
2914:
2466:
2134:
5370:
3870:
3711:
2622:
2598:
2586:
3586:
3562:
2828:
2657:
2430:
3354:
3489:
3366:
2769:
2733:
2373:
2308:
3453:
3227:
2781:
2745:
2710:
2361:
2098:
5286:
3653:
2320:
3574:
3550:
3465:
3330:
3263:
3251:
3196:
2840:
2816:
2793:
2122:
2067:
3634:
2952:
2895:
3402:
3318:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3146:
3134:
1813:
2296:
5322:
2933:
2110:
2079:
1140:
3306:
1861:
2876:
2864:
2852:
3527:
2332:
3598:
3414:
3287:
3275:
2442:
3342:
5358:
3894:
3882:
3515:
3503:
3477:
2698:
2669:
2574:
2562:
2543:
5346:
79:
5298:
1975:
5334:
1091:
667:
5310:
2284:
364:
517:
226:, also known as Rocket City, was one of the Soviet space rocket manufacturing centers, while the cities of Kyiv and Kharkiv provided technological support. Those remnants of the Soviet program in Ukraine were reorganized into their own space agency. The SSAU does not specialize in crewed astronautical programs.
833:
The
Svityaz, Oril and Sura aerospace rocket complexes (ASRC) is intended for launching of various spacecraft (SC) into circular, elliptic and high-altitude circular, including the geostationary (GSO), orbits. Svityaz ASC represents a unique system that allows launch of spacecraft without utilization
371:
Space activities in
Ukraine have been pursued over a 10-year span in strict accordance with National Space Programs. Each of them was intended to address the relevant current issues to preserve and further develop the space potential of Ukraine. The First Program (1993–1997) was called upon to keep
658:
Ukraine continues further development and modernization of launch vehicles that were created during the Soviet period, primarily the
Cyclone and the Zenith. There also was an attempt to redesign a former intercontinental ballistic missile as the Dnepr rocket. Almost all its launch vehicles are
845:
The aircraft is equipped with special devices to secure the LV above the fuselage. The operators and onboard equipment are located in the pressure-tight cabins. The
Svityaz LV is being created on the basis of units, aggregates and systems of Zenit LV. It consists of three stages of non-toxic
315:
SSAU is a civil body in charge of co-ordinating the efforts of government installations, research, and industrial companies (mostly state-owned). Several space-related institutes and industries are directly subordinated to SSAU. However, it is not a united and centralized system immediately
864:
Sea Launch was a joint venture space transportation company, partially owned by companies in
Ukraine which handle operations for the National Space Agency. Sea Launch offered a mobile sea platform, used for spacecraft launches of commercial payloads on specialized Ukrainian
375:
The
National Space Program of Ukraine for 2003-2007 (NSPU), which was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (the Parliament of Ukraine) on October 24, 2002, outlines the main goals, assignments, priorities, and methods of maintaining space activity in Ukraine.
452:. The agency took over all of the former Soviet defense industrial complex that was located on the territory of Ukraine. The space industry of Ukraine started in 1937 when a group of scientists led by Heorhiy Proskura launched a large stratospheric rocket near
229:
Ukrainian spacecraft include a few types for domestic and foreign use and international cooperation. Ukraine has supplied Russia with military satellites and their launch vehicles, a relationship unique in the world. The agency does not have its own
842:, a Ukrainian airplane and airplane carrier that was the largest one in the world, prior to its destruction during attacks in 2022. The modified Mriya, that was to be used to carry Svityaz, was designated with the extension code of An-225-100.
662:
During 1991–2007, a total of 97 launches of
Ukrainian LV were conducted, including, but not limited to launches on the Sea Launch mobile launch pad. In 2006 Ukrainian launch vehicles accounted for 12% of all launches into space in the world.
3783:
428:
To create and develop techniques for space access with a view toward realizing national and international projects and to enable the home-made rocket to be employed on the worldwide market of space transportation
2498:
869:
rockets. The main advantage of the floating cosmodrome is its placement directly on the equator. It allows taking the greatest advantage of Earth's rotation to deliver payloads into orbit at low expense.
4889:
3099:
1280:
3428:
3016:
1701:
4282:
1628:
1267:(AMFE) was sent by NSAU towards Gliese 581 c, a large terrestrial extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581. The signal is a digital time capsule containing 501 messages.
1702:"Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 16 листопада 2020 р. № 1433-р Про тимчасове покладення виконання обов'язків Голови Державного космічного агентства України на Лева М. О"
682:
have engineered and produced seven types of launch vehicles. Adding strapon boosters to launch vehicles may expand the family of Mayak, which is the latest launch vehicle developed.
5185:
2578:
2196:
4882:
1411:
3070:
1367:
3827:
3788:
5405:
4875:
3370:
3188:
5223:
cooperation with the
Russian Federation, state-participants of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Eurasian Economic Cooperation and other regional associations
419:
To develop a national system for Earth observation from outer space to meet the national demands in the social economic sphere and for security and defense purposes
2088:
1600:
1583:
3793:
3773:
3011:
2785:
2011:
1683:
3438:
2043:
425:
To obtain new fundamental knowledge on near-Earth outer space, the solar system, deep space, biological and physical processes and the microgravity condition
3423:
1802:
1231:
1219:
4166:
3643:
3138:
3104:
2961:
2503:
1192:
2868:
1275:
642:
3768:
2533:
2102:
1240:
379:
The
Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers announced its plans on 13 April 2007 to allocate 312 million euros to the National Space Program for 2007–2011.
1437:
846:
propellants: liquid oxygen and kerosene. The launch vehicle would be injected into the geostationary orbit using a solid-propellant apogee stage.
4993:
4971:
4213:
3212:
3050:
2923:
2661:
2341:
2126:
1525:"Голова ДКАУ: Україна очікує підтвердження канадської MDA виконання зобов'язань за контрактом на створення і запуск супутника зв'язку "Либідь""
247:
3936:
3839:
3731:
3150:
3055:
1655:
302:
Development of state policy concepts in the sphere of research and peaceful uses of space, as well as in the interests of national security;
5031:
2590:
2552:
2382:
5142:
4806:
3778:
3481:
2737:
2612:
2528:
2411:
1259:
1072:
5190:
3898:
3803:
2626:
2508:
2048:
2004:
1684:"Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України № 1432-р Про звільнення Усова В. В. з посади Голови Державного космічного агентства України"
3736:
2797:
2351:
2288:
2215:
2114:
1415:
5055:
4918:
3982:
3382:
1757:
1016:
479:
4743:
4331:
3231:
1795:
995:
973:
278:
in 2014, the agency has been transitioning its cooperation efforts away from Russia, with participation in other space programs.
254:'s floating platform, which was soon mothballed. SSAU has ground control and tracking facilities in Kyiv and a control center in
5390:
4424:
4176:
3886:
3007:
2942:
2377:
1325:
435:
To ensure the innovative development of the space sector in terms of improving its research, experimental and production basis
5400:
5044:
4926:
3753:
3746:
3176:
2904:
2346:
1997:
541:
1736:
1507:
1389:
5410:
4431:
3874:
3566:
3217:
2832:
2312:
5039:
4998:
4362:
4151:
4129:
2493:
2138:
1763:
1323:Указ Президента України № 1085 від 9 грудня 2010 року «Про оптимізацію системи центральних органів виконавчої влади»
548:
1060:
The SSAU currently is working on further Sich series satellites: Sich-2M, Sich-3, Sich-3-O and Sich-3-P; Lybid M and an
4937:
4294:
4241:
4208:
4203:
4070:
3033:
2856:
2773:
2673:
2607:
2470:
1788:
1346:
812:
778:
715:
705:
695:
5119:
4487:
4311:
4055:
3443:
2975:
2513:
2227:
2020:
1270:
336:
1744:
4913:
4287:
3612:
3607:
3080:
3065:
2979:
2451:
1201:
422:
To introduce satellite systems and communication facilities into the telecommunication infrastructure of the state
4594:
4060:
3164:
3075:
1660:
1632:
1605:
208:
5153:
4951:
4654:
4644:
4119:
3763:
2688:
2602:
2263:
1629:"Про тимчасове покладення виконання обов'язків Голови Державного космічного агентства України на Міхеєва В. С."
873:
Within the framework of the project the space rocket complex was developed, which consists of four components:
311:
Organization and development of Ukraine's cooperation with other states and international space organizations.
4492:
4321:
4114:
3862:
3531:
3433:
3109:
2885:
2844:
5214:
Cooperation with international financial organizations and Attraction of international technical assistance
4606:
4564:
4538:
4402:
4392:
4316:
4161:
4146:
3975:
449:
271:
3519:
4516:
4299:
4223:
3758:
3741:
3507:
2251:
976:
290:
5276:
5137:
4738:
4571:
4477:
4436:
4326:
4141:
3291:
2365:
1478:
I aircraft, a three-stage launch vehicle on a streamlined store between engine nacelles, as well as an
352:
282:
949:
4304:
4277:
3060:
2300:
2239:
936:
328:
174:
4867:
5127:
4568:
4109:
4065:
3715:
3394:
2201:
1147:
Prior to Ukraine's independence, several Ukrainians flew in space under the Soviet flag. Ukrainian
475:
234:. It used the resources of the Russian Federal Space Agency until 2014. Launches were conducted at
5395:
5132:
4778:
4621:
4589:
4558:
4397:
4367:
4251:
3968:
3696:
3358:
3310:
2761:
1780:
1166:
Space Shuttle mission. It was an international spaceflight mission, involving crew members from
4813:
4649:
4599:
3406:
3334:
3123:
2749:
2336:
675:
501:
468:
1568:
The Ukrainian satellite has established a connection with the center in the Khmelnytsky region
1299:
305:
Organization and development of space activities in Ukraine and under its jurisdiction abroad;
5263:
4753:
4616:
4533:
4387:
4191:
3469:
3322:
3267:
3200:
3045:
2324:
2172:
2083:
2071:
1913:
1869:
1354:
1344:
National Space Agency Planning To Launch Ukrainian Communications Satellite By September 2011
763:
753:
738:
340:
185:
5203:
4748:
4701:
4611:
4528:
4502:
4414:
4407:
4377:
4265:
4099:
4082:
4050:
3942:
3910:
3638:
3578:
3493:
3346:
3296:
2956:
2880:
2702:
2456:
1264:
926:
839:
467:) into a rocket company. Since that time, the city of Dnipropetrovsk has been known in the
445:
200:
17:
8:
5350:
4818:
4626:
4553:
4548:
4350:
4336:
4198:
3418:
3092:
2937:
2899:
2683:
2638:
2566:
1601:"Про звільнення Дегтяренка П. Г. з посади Голови Державного космічного агентства України"
1511:
916:
902:
474:
As of April 2009, the Ukrainian National Space Agency was planning to launch a Ukrainian
321:
275:
259:
243:
239:
1729:
1077:
397:
Development of ground-based infrastructure for navigation and special information system
49:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5338:
5326:
4842:
4801:
4733:
4636:
4581:
4497:
4472:
4450:
4246:
4171:
4000:
3626:
3243:
2918:
2678:
1183:
1159:
1155:
920:
816:
727:
165:
1463:
4676:
4671:
4659:
4543:
4482:
4462:
4181:
4092:
1960:
1571:
1567:
1548:
1524:
1069:
834:
of complicated ground infrastructure. The Svityaz was to be launched directly from a
828:
1491:
5362:
5302:
4851:
4823:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4577:
4087:
4075:
2518:
1945:
1479:
1368:"The successful launch of European Vega launcher with Ukrainian upper-stage engine"
1322:
1127:
1094:
784:
497:
1343:
516:
4728:
4666:
4372:
4124:
3669:
1748:
1329:
930:
596:
State Joint-Stock Holding Company "Kyiv Radio Plant" (former Production Complex)
890:
Sea Launch mothballed its ships and put operations on long-term hiatus in 2014.
728:
Statistics of Launches of LVs produced in cooperation with Ukrainian enterprises
5374:
5290:
4856:
4791:
4681:
4419:
4382:
4134:
4104:
4045:
3457:
3119:
1989:
1929:
1584:
Urusky appointed Ukraine's deputy PM, minister for strategic industrial sectors
1148:
980:
835:
803:
774:
196:
5384:
4218:
1950:
1656:"Про призначення Усова В. В. Головою Державного космічного агентства України"
1350:
587:
215:(NSAU; Національне космічне агентство України, НКАУ) until 9 December 2010.
5314:
3798:
1246:
792:
573:
192:
188:
110:
4030:
3948:
3922:
3028:
1774:
1741:
1213:
490:
953:
4796:
4786:
4721:
4186:
4035:
4020:
1892:
1850:
1121:
SSAU ground-based broadcasting network of satellite television channels
1098:
910:
857:
808:
759:
620:
Science-research technological institute of instrument-building (NDTIP)
348:
263:
251:
235:
5369:
1466:: "Ukrainian experts moved to develop the Svityaz system based on the
1281:
Ukrainian Optical Facilities for Near-Earth Space Surveillance Network
4897:
4156:
4015:
3602:
3590:
3554:
3255:
2820:
2446:
2434:
1887:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1552:
1495:
1061:
866:
749:
711:
701:
580:
409:
Development of research, test and production base of the space sector
332:
255:
231:
219:
562:
State Enterprise "Center of rocket-space technology standardization"
3960:
1897:
1882:
1769:
1442:
944:
906:
769:
744:
679:
624:
505:
460:
1860:
1812:
1810:
1438:"Canso spaceport secures $ 10.5M, aims for first launch next year"
1139:
666:
593:
State Enterprise "Scientific Center of a Precise Machine-building"
400:
Space activities in the interests of national security and defense
363:
4899:
4716:
4711:
4696:
4691:
3991:
3085:
2714:
1955:
1877:
1830:
1822:
1471:
1154:
The first Ukrainian to fly in space under the Ukrainian flag was
1038:
1030:
1023:
1009:
1002:
940:
734:
691:
453:
286:
204:
898:
Ukraine does not have its own spaceports, but leases elsewhere.
347:, and commercial ventures. International participation includes
316:
participating in all stages and details of space programs (like
5357:
4706:
4040:
1475:
1467:
1237:
Volodymyr Mikheev (interim) (3 November 2019 – 24 January 2020)
1163:
988:
969:
957:
525:
486:
464:
308:
Contributing to state national security and defense capability;
267:
223:
1723:
1228:
Yuriy Radchenko (interim) (14 September 2016 – 31 August 2017)
630:
559:
Makarov National Center of aero-cosmic education for the youth
367:
Development directions of space industry in Ukraine, 2000-2005
4025:
3815:
3701:
1974:
1770:
Yuzhnoe SDO, major Ukrainian Space Technologies Design Bureau
1587:
1171:
1090:
511:
218:
The agency succeeded the Soviet space program along with the
78:
1143:
Leonid K. Kadenyuk, first astronaut from independent Ukraine
718:
1977–2009) Plesetsk, 122 launches (33 launches in 1991–2009)
708:
1969–2006) Baikonur, 106 launches (14 launches in 1991–2006)
459:
In 1954, the Soviet government transformed the car producer
406:
Development of base elements and advanced space technologies
3279:
3021:
2547:
2184:
1508:
Dnepr launches with Ukraine’s Sich-2 and several passengers
1167:
1065:
741:
1985–2007) Baikonur, 37 launches (22 launches in 1991–2007)
529:
344:
317:
147:
120:
5309:
1492:
Ukraine's government ready to reanimate Sea Launch project
199:. It was formed on 29 February 1992, and was based on the
1549:
Ukraine plans to send research satellite to Moon in 2017
787:, production and development of stage one core structure
1737:
Ukrainian space history on Astronautix.com encyclopedia
1414:[Of History]. Arsenalcdb.com.ua. Archived from
1189:
Andriy Zhalko-Titarenko (23 August 1994 – 9 March 1995)
1042:(planned to be launched 2018 by Zenit-3F from Baikonur)
698:
1967–1969) Baikonur, 8 launches (0 launches after 1991)
179:
5274:
1130:, temporarily inaccessible, due to Russian occupation
1056:(planned to be launched 2017 by Dnepr; being revised)
979:, as well as a few other types of satellites and the
289:, the agency is a major state-owned component of the
4994:
Special Communications and Protection of Information
1470:
Mriya (Dream) Cossack jumbo transport plane and the
1124:
SSAU system of positioning and timing and navigation
643:
National Space Facilities Control and Testing Center
320:
in the United States). A special space force in the
1210:
Oleksandr Holub (16 October 2014 – 21 January 2015)
489:engine is used for the upper stage of the European
102:
February 1992 (as National Space Agency of Ukraine)
5167:Assistance of Youth Housing Development State Fund
1207:Yuriy Alekseyev (17 March 2010 – 28 November 2014)
1577:
1464:Russia, Kazakhstan to develop unique space system
1392:. State Space Agency of Ukraine. 18 November 2018
1370:. State Space Agency of Ukraine. 21 November 2018
1276:National Space Facilities Control and Test Center
1198:Yuriy Alekseyev (25 July 2005 – 11 February 2009)
287:Antonov Aeronautical Scientific-Technical Complex
5406:Independent agencies of the Ukrainian government
5382:
4956:on issues of Food Safety and Consumer Protection
2019:
5186:Committee for Television and Radio-broadcasting
5124:Council for the State Support of Cinematography
4959:on issues of Geodesy, Cartography, and Cadaster
1300:"Доходи Державного бюджету України на 2019 рік"
1033:-type satellite by Atlas V from Cape Canaveral)
599:Open Joint-Stock Association "Kyiv Radio Plant"
556:State Enterprise "Dniprovsky Project Institute"
5170:Precious metals and Precious stones State Fund
5158:Guaranty Deposits of Physical Individuals Fund
1706:Website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1688:Website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1082:was successfully launched on 13 January 2022.
983:solar observatory in cooperation with Russia.
602:Open Joint-Stock Association "RSB-Radio Plant"
5243:Health Rehabilitation of the ATO participants
4883:
3976:
3937:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
2005:
1796:
1474:rocket", "The Ishim complex will include two
1225:Oleksandr Holub (25 July – 13 September 2016)
1382:
1360:
1151:was the fourth cosmonaut in space, in 1962.
610:State Scientific-Production Center "Pryroda"
1777:, first private Ukrainian aerospace company
1457:
1260:Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research
1026:-type satellite by Dnepr from Dombarovskiy)
5071:Discovery, Search and Management of Assets
4898:Central offices of executive authority of
4890:
4876:
3983:
3969:
2012:
1998:
1803:
1789:
1764:Ukrainian Rockets to Orbit U.S. Satellites
1728:
512:National enterprises of the space industry
432:To elaborate the advanced space facilities
170:Державне космічне агентство України (ДКАУ)
1485:
1115:SSAU Space Monitoring and Analysis System
659:heavily dependent on Russian components.
335:programs, co-operative programs with the
1138:
1089:
665:
515:
444:The agency is a minor descendant of the
362:
5091:on issues of Consumer Rights Protection
1435:
605:Open Joint-Stock Association "SPC Kurs"
524:Most of the enterprises are located in
14:
5383:
1049:(planned to be launched 2018 by Dnepr)
648:
4871:
3964:
1993:
1784:
1758:NASA, Ukraine Prepare Flights to Moon
1390:"Successful launch of the Antares LV"
963:
849:
542:Makarov Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant
222:, which inherited the biggest share.
181:Derzhavne kosmichne ahentstvo Ukrainy
5173:State Fund of Fundamental Researches
3990:
1316:
1177:
270:, had to be abandoned with the 2014
29:
5036:Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving
1101:(built by the Soviet Union in 1960)
1085:
939:(launch platform) stationed in the
549:Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office
394:Satellite telecommunication systems
72:Державне космічне агентство України
24:
5179:State Cartography and Geodesy Fund
5052:on issues of Electronic Governance
4115:Revolution and War of Independence
1249:(interim) (since 16 November 2020)
1234:(31 August 2017 – 3 November 2019)
1204:(11 February 2009 – 17 March 2010)
822:
756:1999–2014) Sea Launch, 36 launches
653:
25:
5422:
5211:Deregulation of Economic Activity
5182:State Informational Geologic Fund
5143:Institute of National Remembrance
1715:
1271:List of government space agencies
1195:(20 February 1995 – 25 July 2005)
797:
471:world as the Soviet Rocket City.
337:Russian Aviation and Space Agency
5368:
5356:
5344:
5332:
5320:
5308:
5296:
5284:
4432:Ukraine–European Union relations
4288:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
4130:West Ukrainian People's Republic
3916:
3904:
3892:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3709:
3690:
3663:
3651:
3632:
3620:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3144:
3132:
3039:
2969:
2950:
2931:
2912:
2893:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2708:
2696:
2667:
2655:
2632:
2620:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2541:
2487:
2464:
2440:
2428:
2371:
2359:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2077:
2065:
1973:
1859:
1811:
1664:(in Ukrainian). January 24, 2020
1636:(in Ukrainian). November 3, 2019
1609:(in Ukrainian). November 3, 2019
1436:Willick, Frances (12 May 2021).
1134:
1106:SSAU main special control center
781:1999–2015) Baikonur, 22 launches
766:2008–2017) Baikonur, 11 launches
730:. State Space Agency of Ukraine
358:
213:National Space Agency of Ukraine
203:infrastructure that remained in
77:
34:
1694:
1676:
1661:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1648:
1633:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1621:
1606:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1593:
1558:
1542:
1517:
1501:
1243:(24 January – 16 November 2020)
1222:(19 August 2015 – 22 July 2016)
1186:(9 March 1992 – 12 August 1994)
1118:SSAU remote telemetric stations
1109:SSAU ground information complex
553:State Enterprise "Dniprokosmos"
520:Zenit-2 rocket ready for launch
209:dissolution of the Soviet Union
5217:European Court of Human Rights
4214:Annexation of Crimea by Russia
4071:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1429:
1404:
1337:
1292:
913:(under Russian administration)
448:that was passed mostly to the
13:
1:
5391:State Space Agency of Ukraine
5195:State Bureau of Investigation
5088:Architecture and Construction
4972:Medications and Drugs Control
1286:
1216:(21 January – 19 August 2015)
893:
856:See more detailed article at
296:
250:, launches were conducted on
158:State Space Agency of Ukraine
67:State Space Agency of Ukraine
5401:Ukrainian space institutions
4744:Intangible Cultural Heritage
4162:Eastern Front (World War II)
4147:Ukrainian National Committee
2021:Public-sector space agencies
1760:, United Press International
1064:satellite to fly around the
977:Earth observation satellites
496:The first stage of the U.S.
450:Russian Federal Space Agency
272:Russian occupation of Crimea
248:Russian annexation of Crimea
220:Russian Federal Space Agency
7:
5411:Defense industry of Ukraine
5150:Social Insurance State Fund
4120:Ukrainian People's Republic
1253:
1112:SSAU ground control complex
391:Remote sensing of the Earth
291:defense industry of Ukraine
180:
27:Ukrainian government agency
10:
5427:
5032:on issues of Civil Service
4142:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
1733:(English-language version)
1482:Midas surveillance plane."
1170:(USA), NSAU (Ukraine) and
826:
790:
685:
623:Public Stock Association "
439:
353:Galileo positioning system
283:Ukrainian Defense Industry
5259:
5246:Handicapped People Rights
5202:
5112:
5081:
5040:Exclusion Zone Management
5018:
4906:
4836:
4777:
4635:
4524:
4515:
4458:
4449:
4358:
4349:
4273:
4264:
4234:
4008:
3999:
3931:
3848:
3724:
3682:
3540:
3118:
3000:
2993:
2806:
2723:
2647:
2479:
2420:
2404:
2397:
2272:
2158:
2151:
2057:
2034:
2027:
1969:
1938:
1922:
1906:
1868:
1857:
1821:
1816:Ukrainian launch vehicles
1158:on 13 May 1997. He was a
1068:in 2017 (postponed). The
1019:(Dnepr from Dombarovskiy)
1012:(Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
1005:(Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
991:(Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk)
722:
388:Scientific space research
274:. Since the start of the
169:
142:
134:
126:
116:
106:
98:
90:
85:
76:
71:
43:This article needs to be
5176:State Fund of Inventions
5105:Educational Institutions
5074:Infrastructural Projects
5056:Prevention of Corruption
4962:Geology and Earth Bowels
4574:hybrid variant (2020-22)
4363:Administrative divisions
4066:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1029:2017–active PolyITAN-2 (
1022:2014–active PolyITAN-1 (
482:before the end of 2011.
478:by September 2011 and a
476:communications satellite
5161:Ukrainian Cultural Fund
5120:Anti-Monopoly Committee
4987:Sea and River Transport
4209:2014 pro-Russian unrest
1742:Ukraine's Space Program
998:(Zenit-2 from Baikonur)
950:Alcântara Launch Center
883:spacecraft segment, and
5230:Anti-Corruption Policy
5191:Anti-Corruption Bureau
4814:Immigration to Ukraine
4488:Science and technology
4437:Ukraine–NATO relations
1939:International projects
1144:
1102:
676:Yuzhnoye Design Office
671:
521:
368:
5264:Government of Ukraine
5220:Ethno-National Policy
5147:State Researches Fund
5010:on issues of Veterans
4990:Security on Transport
4224:2022 Russian invasion
4192:Revolution of Dignity
1355:Ukrainian News Agency
1142:
1093:
968:Ukraine produced the
669:
519:
500:was developed by the
366:
341:European Space Agency
285:conglomerate and the
138:$ 80.4 million (2019)
5226:European Integration
4948:Financial Monitoring
4934:Quality of Education
4595:Freedom of the press
4332:World Heritage Sites
4327:Islands and sandbars
4100:Pereiaslav Agreement
4083:Zaporozhian Cossacks
4051:Principality of Kiev
3943:Soviet space program
1753:Moscow Defense Brief
1265:A Message From Earth
927:Dombarovsky Air Base
674:Ukrainian companies
631:Corporation Kommunar
485:The Ukrainian built
446:Soviet space program
414:Goals of the program
327:The agency oversees
244:Plesetsk Cosmodromes
211:. It was called the
201:Soviet space program
186:Ukrainian government
5154:State Property Fund
5028:on issues of Cinema
4199:Russo-Ukrainian War
3093:Guiana Space Centre
1708:. 16 November 2020.
1690:. 16 November 2020.
1514:(August 17th, 2011)
1512:NASAspaceflight.com
1202:Oleksandr Zinchenko
1095:Tracking facilities
917:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
903:Baikonur Cosmodrome
649:Launch capabilities
322:military of Ukraine
276:Russo-Ukrainian War
260:Khmelnytskyi Oblast
68:
5102:Nuclear Regulation
5099:Energy Supervision
4968:on issues of Labor
4559:Swine flu pandemic
4493:Telecommunications
4283:Biosphere reserves
4172:Chernobyl disaster
1747:2020-01-08 at the
1555:(10 November 2011)
1328:2012-02-10 at the
1184:Volodymyr Horbulin
1160:payload specialist
1156:Leonid K. Kadenyuk
1145:
1103:
964:Satellite programs
921:Arkhangelsk Oblast
850:Sea Launch project
817:Canso, Nova Scotia
672:
586:State Enterprise "
579:State Enterprise "
572:State Enterprise "
522:
369:
66:
5272:
5271:
5113:Other and special
4865:
4864:
4832:
4831:
4607:Human trafficking
4565:COVID-19 pandemic
4539:Gender inequality
4511:
4510:
4445:
4444:
4403:Political parties
4393:Foreign relations
4345:
4344:
4260:
4259:
4182:Orange Revolution
4167:Volhynia massacre
3958:
3957:
3678:
3677:
2989:
2988:
2393:
2392:
2275:and the Caribbean
2147:
2146:
1987:
1986:
1961:Firefly Aerospace
1823:Cyclone (Tsyklon)
1574:(13 January 2022)
1572:Ukrayinska Pravda
1529:Інтерфакс-Україна
1418:on March 15, 2012
1232:Pavlo Dehtyarenko
1220:Liubomyr Sabadosh
1178:Directors-General
1070:optical satellite
829:MAKS (spacecraft)
547:State Enterprise
540:State Enterprise
383:Specific programs
262:). Facilities in
178:
154:
153:
64:
63:
16:(Redirected from
5418:
5373:
5372:
5361:
5360:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5313:
5312:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5049:Forest Resources
5025:Automobile Roads
4892:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4845:
4787:Ukrainian people
4522:
4521:
4468:
4456:
4455:
4356:
4355:
4300:Populated places
4271:
4270:
4076:Kiev Voivodeship
4061:Galicia–Volhynia
4006:
4005:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3941:Preceded by the
3921:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3044:
3043:
3042:
2998:
2997:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2402:
2401:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2032:
2031:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1977:
1863:
1815:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1724:Official website
1710:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1480:Ilyushin Il-76MD
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1357:(April 10, 2009)
1341:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1193:Oleksandr Nehoda
1086:Ground complexes
1081:
504:and produced by
324:is also absent.
191:responsible for
183:
173:
171:
150:
130:Volodymyr Taftay
81:
69:
65:
59:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5255:
5237:Children Rights
5198:
5108:
5077:
5068:Water Resources
5014:
4902:
4896:
4866:
4861:
4848:
4841:
4828:
4773:
4688:Cultural icons
4631:
4507:
4478:Stock exchanges
4466:
4441:
4425:Law enforcement
4341:
4295:Nature reserves
4256:
4230:
4125:Ukrainian State
4056:Mongol invasion
3995:
3989:
3959:
3954:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3691:
3689:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3633:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3597:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3488:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3413:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3207:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3114:
3040:
3038:
2985:
2970:
2968:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2930:
2913:
2911:
2894:
2892:
2875:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2542:
2540:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2441:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2389:
2372:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2078:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2036:
2023:
2018:
1988:
1983:
1965:
1934:
1918:
1902:
1864:
1855:
1817:
1809:
1749:Wayback Machine
1722:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1342:
1338:
1330:Wayback Machine
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1256:
1180:
1137:
1088:
1075:
966:
931:Orenburg Oblast
896:
852:
831:
825:
823:Svityaz project
800:
795:
725:
688:
656:
654:Launch vehicles
651:
574:Arsenal Factory
514:
442:
403:Space complexes
361:
299:
281:Along with the
148:www.nkau.gov.ua
146:
86:Agency overview
60:
54:
51:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5396:Space agencies
5393:
5378:
5377:
5365:
5353:
5341:
5329:
5317:
5305:
5293:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5240:Crimean Tatars
5238:
5235:
5232:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Ethics Council
5125:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4949:
4946:
4945:Export Control
4943:
4940:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4847:
4846:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4575:
4562:
4556:
4551:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4278:National parks
4274:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4135:Makhnovshchina
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4105:Russian Empire
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994: articles
3988:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3282:
3270:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2727:
2725:
2724:Southeast Asia
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2664:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2437:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2187:
2175:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2074:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1923:Dnipro (Dnepr)
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1739:
1734:
1717:
1716:External links
1714:
1712:
1711:
1693:
1675:
1647:
1620:
1592:
1590:(16 July 2020)
1576:
1565:(in Ukrainian)
1557:
1541:
1531:(in Ukrainian)
1516:
1500:
1498:(May 27, 2010)
1484:
1456:
1428:
1403:
1381:
1359:
1349:2012-09-15 at
1336:
1315:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1241:Volodymyr Usov
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1149:Pavlo Popovych
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:Pluton complex
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1087:
1084:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
965:
962:
961:
960:
947:
934:
924:
914:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
880:rocket segment
878:
877:marine segment
862:
861:
851:
848:
824:
821:
820:
819:
806:
799:
798:In development
796:
789:
788:
782:
772:
767:
757:
747:
742:
724:
721:
720:
719:
709:
699:
687:
684:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
639:
638:
634:
633:
628:
621:
617:
616:
612:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
600:
594:
591:
584:
577:
569:
568:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
545:
537:
536:
513:
510:
498:Antares rocket
465:Dnipropetrovsk
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
420:
411:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
360:
357:
329:launch vehicle
313:
312:
309:
306:
303:
298:
295:
207:following the
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
62:
61:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5423:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5330:
5328:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5294:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5164:Agrarian Fund
5163:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:War in Donbas
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:Ukrainian SSR
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3951:participation
3950:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:Cospas-Sarsat
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:Latin America
2271:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:North America
2157:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1775:Cosmos Agency
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:– article in
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1385:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1351:archive.today
1348:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1135:Human flights
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
985:
984:
982:
978:
975:
971:
959:
955:
951:
948:
946:
942:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
922:
918:
915:
912:
908:
904:
901:
900:
899:
891:
885:
882:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
868:
860:
859:
854:
853:
847:
843:
841:
837:
830:
818:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
794:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
732:
731:
729:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
697:
693:
690:
689:
683:
681:
677:
668:
664:
660:
644:
641:
640:
636:
635:
632:
629:
626:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
609:
604:
601:
598:
597:
595:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
570:
566:
565:
561:
558:
555:
552:
550:
546:
543:
539:
538:
534:
533:
532:
531:
527:
518:
509:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
434:
431:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
385:
384:
380:
377:
373:
365:
359:Space program
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
294:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:and Russia's
241:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
182:
176:
167:
163:
159:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:Annual budget
133:
129:
127:Administrator
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
75:
70:
58:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5351:Solar System
5234:Human Rights
5229:
5133:Pension Fund
5094:
5063:
5009:
4980:Penitentiary
4979:
4927:Border Guard
4779:Demographics
4650:Architecture
4622:Prostitution
4590:Human rights
4463:
4368:Constitution
4242:Christianity
4177:Independence
3947:Preceded by
3799:Intersputnik
3657:
3644:TÜBİTAK UZAY
3105:EUTELSAT IGO
3001:Pan-European
2962:TÜBİTAK UZAY
2421:Central Asia
2037:and pan-Arab
1979:Space agency
1978:
1752:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1631:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1579:
1560:
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1519:
1503:
1487:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:the original
1412:"Из истории"
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1362:
1339:
1332:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1303:(.xls Excel)
1294:
1247:Mykhailo Lev
1153:
1146:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1001:2004–active
967:
897:
889:
872:
863:
855:
844:
840:An-225 Mriya
832:
793:Zenit rocket
726:
673:
661:
657:
523:
495:
484:
473:
458:
443:
413:
412:
382:
381:
378:
374:
370:
326:
314:
280:
246:. After the
228:
217:
212:
193:space policy
161:
157:
155:
117:Headquarters
111:Space agency
91:Abbreviation
52:
44:
5339:Outer space
5327:Spaceflight
5082:Inspections
4938:Emergencies
4792:Rus' people
4655:Kievan Rus'
4046:Kievan Rus'
4031:Early Slavs
3949:Interkosmos
3923:Interkosmos
3029:Eurocontrol
2679:Antrix Corp
2035:Pan-African
1668:February 3,
1640:November 6,
1613:November 6,
1333:(Ukrainian)
1214:Oleh Urusky
1076: [
838:version of
502:Yuznoye SDO
491:Vega rocket
5385:Categories
5095:Ecological
4999:Statistics
4984:Regulatory
4942:Employment
4797:Ruthenians
4749:Literature
4722:Vyshyvanka
4617:Minorities
4534:Corruption
4467:(currency)
4388:Government
4383:Parliament
4322:Waterfalls
4187:Euromaidan
4036:East Slavs
4021:Sarmatians
4009:Chronology
3935:See also:
2648:South Asia
2252:USSPACECOM
1893:Zenit-3SLB
1851:Cyclone-4M
1831:Tsyklon-1M
1535:2018-11-10
1422:2014-04-15
1287:References
1162:on NASA's
1099:Yevpatoria
1045:suspended
1036:suspended
1015:2011–2012
1008:2004–2007
994:1999–????
987:1995–2001
911:Kazakhstan
894:Spaceports
886:facilities
858:Sea Launch
827:See also:
813:ICBM-based
809:Cyclone-4M
791:See also:
779:ICBM-based
760:Zenit-3SLB
716:ICBM-based
706:ICBM-based
696:ICBM-based
670:Zenit-3SLB
588:Kyivprylad
544:(Yuzhmash)
469:Anglophone
349:Sea Launch
297:Main tasks
264:Yevpatoria
252:Sea Launch
236:Kazakhstan
5363:Education
5303:Astronomy
5249:Education
5204:Ombudsmen
4976:Migration
4645:Animation
4612:Languages
4561:(2009-10)
4529:Education
4503:Transport
4415:Judiciary
4408:Elections
4378:President
4317:Mountains
4266:Geography
4157:Holodomor
4093:Hetmanate
4016:Scythians
3603:Roscosmos
3591:KazCosmos
3555:ArmCosmos
3256:DTU Space
3218:BIRA-IASB
3165:EU SatCen
2924:KACST-SRI
2821:ArmCosmos
2807:West Asia
2480:East Asia
2447:Roscosmos
2435:KazCosmos
2405:Pan-Asian
1888:Zenit-3SL
1846:Tsyklon-4
1841:Tsyklon-3
1836:Tsyklon-2
1766:, Novosti
1553:Kyiv Post
1496:Kyiv Post
1174:(Japan).
1073:Sich-2-30
1062:Ukrselena
1054:Ukrselena
1052:canceled
867:Zenit 3SL
750:Zenit-3SL
712:Tsyklon-3
702:Tsyklon-2
581:Ukrkosmos
333:satellite
256:Dunaivtsi
232:spaceport
184:) is the
175:romanized
166:Ukrainian
55:July 2019
5252:Business
5060:Reserves
5019:Agencies
5006:Treasury
4919:Aviation
4907:Services
4852:Category
4819:Censuses
4807:Refugees
4802:Diaspora
4739:Holidays
4734:Folklore
4627:Religion
4584:problems
4554:HIV/AIDS
4549:Abortion
4398:Military
4351:Politics
4337:Wildlife
4252:Military
4247:Economic
4235:By topic
3828:UNCOPUOS
3139:DG DEFIS
3100:EUMETSAT
2152:Americas
2058:National
1898:Zenit-3F
1883:Zenit-2M
1745:Archived
1443:CBC News
1347:Archived
1326:Archived
1254:See also
954:Maranhão
945:Kiribati
933:, Russia
923:, Russia
907:Baikonur
836:modified
815:, 2023)
770:Zenit-3F
745:Zenit-2M
680:Yuzhmash
625:Khartron
506:Yuzhmash
461:Yuzhmash
429:services
351:and the
240:Baikonur
197:programs
5375:Science
5291:Ukraine
5277:Portals
5045:Fishing
4931:Customs
4914:Archive
4900:Ukraine
4843:Outline
4717:Rushnyk
4712:Pysanka
4697:Borscht
4692:Bandura
4677:Cuisine
4660:Baroque
4637:Culture
4582:suicide
4517:Society
4498:Tourism
4473:Banking
4464:Hryvnia
4451:Economy
4204:Outline
4110:Galicia
4001:History
3992:Ukraine
3789:ISS MCB
3683:Oceania
3458:PTSPACE
3424:CBK PAN
3086:ESTRACK
3012:CENELEC
2715:SUPARCO
2662:SPARRSO
2499:SASTIND
2216:FAA/AST
2049:Arabsat
1956:Skyrora
1946:Antares
1878:Zenit-2
1472:Zenit-2
1396:22 July
1374:22 July
1308:21 June
1047:Sich-2M
1039:Lybid 1
1031:CubeSat
1024:CubeSat
1010:MC-1-TK
1003:Sich-1M
981:Coronas
941:Pacific
937:Odyssey
785:Antares
735:Zenit-2
692:Tsyklon
686:Retired
615:Kharkiv
454:Kharkiv
440:History
205:Ukraine
177::
143:Website
45:updated
5138:Police
4965:Health
4952:Fiscal
4857:Portal
4707:Kobzar
4672:Cinema
4578:Murder
4544:Health
4483:Energy
4312:Rivers
4305:Cities
4041:Kuyaba
3849:Former
3840:UNOOSA
3742:COSPAR
3213:BELSPO
2994:Europe
2786:GISTDA
2762:PhilSA
2627:SaTReC
2529:PLAASF
2197:NESDIS
2127:NASRDA
2044:RASCOM
2028:Africa
1930:Dnipro
1476:MiG-31
1468:An-225
1449:14 May
1164:STS-87
1017:Sich-2
989:Sich-1
958:Brazil
723:In use
637:Crimea
535:Dnipro
526:Dnipro
487:RD-843
480:Sich-2
339:, the
268:Crimea
224:Dnipro
189:agency
99:Formed
5315:Stars
5064:Space
4923:Audit
4824:Women
4769:Sport
4764:Opera
4759:Music
4754:Media
4729:Dance
4702:Kazka
4569:Delta
4026:Goths
3899:NASDA
3816:ITU-R
3804:ODCWG
3784:ISECG
3774:ICSMD
3732:CCSDS
3725:World
3702:CSIRO
3541:Other
3434:KRRiT
3419:POLSA
3189:BEREC
3151:EUSPA
3071:ECSAT
3066:ESRIN
3056:ESTEC
2980:MBRSC
2976:UAESA
2869:NEHSA
2857:IRIAF
2738:LAPAN
2534:CASIC
2523:CGWIC
2412:APSCO
2313:CONAE
2139:SANSA
2115:GSSTC
2103:ESSTI
2089:NARSS
1914:Mayak
1907:Mayak
1870:Zenit
1588:UNIAN
1172:NASDA
1080:]
996:Okean
974:Okean
943:near
804:Mayak
775:Dnepr
4682:Wine
4667:Arts
4600:LGBT
4580:and
4572:cron
4567:and
4373:Flag
4088:Sich
3875:KCST
3863:BNSC
3794:ITSO
3779:IMSO
3769:IADC
3747:IPDA
3737:CEOS
3716:NZSA
3670:UKSA
3658:SSAU
3613:VVKO
3567:MAKA
3532:SNSA
3482:INTA
3470:ROSA
3407:NOSA
3383:SRON
3280:CNES
3232:SRTI
3177:EASA
3122:and
3081:ESOC
3076:ESAC
3051:ECSS
3034:ECAC
3022:ETSI
3017:CEPT
2943:GORS
2905:NCSR
2886:ISRC
2845:NSSA
2833:MAKA
2798:VNSC
2774:SSTL
2750:MYSA
2689:NRSC
2674:ISRO
2639:TASA
2613:KASI
2608:KARI
2603:KASA
2591:NATA
2579:NICT
2553:ISAS
2548:JAXA
2514:CAST
2509:CALT
2504:CASC
2494:CNSA
2471:TNSA
2398:Asia
2383:IVIC
2378:ABAE
2347:INPE
2342:DCTA
2289:ALCE
2240:USSF
2185:NASA
2084:EgSA
2072:ASAL
1951:VEGA
1670:2020
1642:2019
1615:2019
1451:2021
1398:2019
1376:2019
1310:2019
1168:NASA
1066:Moon
972:and
970:Sich
678:and
567:Kyiv
530:Kyiv
345:NASA
331:and
318:NASA
195:and
162:SSAU
156:The
121:Kyiv
107:Type
94:SSAU
18:NSAU
5003:Tax
4420:Law
3911:SSP
3887:NAL
3764:GSC
3759:GEO
3697:ASA
3639:TUA
3627:SSO
3608:SRI
3579:BSA
3520:AEE
3508:EAE
3494:AEC
3444:ULC
3439:ORO
3429:UKE
3395:NSO
3371:LSO
3359:LSA
3347:ASI
3335:HSO
3323:HSA
3311:DLR
3297:CdE
3292:AAE
3268:ESO
3244:CSO
3201:ALR
3124:EEA
3110:ESO
3061:EAC
3046:ESA
3008:CEN
2957:TUA
2938:SSA
2919:SSA
2900:ISA
2881:ISA
2703:DSA
2684:DoS
2567:JSS
2519:CCF
2452:SRI
2366:CCE
2352:ITA
2337:AEB
2325:ABE
2301:AEM
2264:NRO
2228:FCC
2202:OSC
2173:CSA
1097:in
764:LRB
754:LRB
739:LRB
528:or
238:'s
5387::
3120:EU
2457:VK
1704:.
1686:.
1658:.
1603:.
1586:,
1570:,
1551:,
1527:.
1510:,
1494:,
1440:.
1353:,
1078:uk
956:,
952:,
929:,
919:,
909:,
905:,
508:.
493:.
456:.
355:.
343:,
293:.
266:,
172:,
168::
164:;
5279::
4891:e
4884:t
4877:v
3984:e
3977:t
3970:v
3010:/
2982:)
2978:(
2013:e
2006:t
1999:v
1804:e
1797:t
1790:v
1672:.
1644:.
1617:.
1538:.
1453:.
1425:.
1400:.
1378:.
1312:.
811:(
777:(
762:(
752:(
737:(
714:(
704:(
694:(
627:"
590:"
583:"
576:"
463:(
258:(
160:(
57:)
53:(
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.